现代大学英语精读第2册课件lesson6(本资源由攀登英语网(英语听力课件教案下载)提供)
现代大学英语精读6第二课
• 3）in a matter of （minutes/hours/weeks ）在几分钟/小时/星期内
• As an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto, and mama would cook it, slowly, in the black kettle.
cotton thread.
• I wish I could make you see the little stores, all alone, way off in the backwoods where we would stop to replenish our food stock from time to time. They were stocked with everything from plowshares to spools of • 1) backwoods noun [pl.] a place that is away from any big towns and from the influence of modern life.蛮荒林区；边远地区
• 2) unsettled: adj. 未决定的；怀疑的；未处理的；无人居住 的； • “unsettled” takes on different meanings in different contexts, for instance, “unsettled weather” (likely to change or vary; variable); “an unsettled issue”(not
轴应有尽有。偶 尔在商店旁边会有一个铁匠铺， 所以我们的红棕马 戴夫，也能一直钉着舒服的马 掌。
现代大学英语第二版精读1unit 6
after a few years. to wrench yourself away from: to twist and pull
Part I: Sentence Paraphrase
I started hiking there …, up a long, sloping hill to an almost impenetrable stand of trees called Bear Wood. (para.4)
an … impenetrable stand of trees: trees growing so thick that they are impossible to go through or enter into.
Part I: Exercise
• Fill in the blanks according to the text.
We rented an 18th-century _fa_r_m_ho_u_s_e in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient _c_a_s_tle_s_ andc_h_ur_ch_e_s. Loving nature, however, I was most __de_li_gh_t_ed_ by the endless _p_at_c_hw_o_rk_ of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the __de_e_p__ woods that _v_er_g_ed_ _ag_a_in_s_t our back fence, a _n_et_w_or_k of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants _ro_c_ke_te_d_of_f into the _d_en_se laurels ahead as you walked.
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit6
I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.Unit 6Task 1【答案】A.[d]—[b]—[a]—[e]—[c]B.a【原文】Laura usually leaves the offices of Quest Productions at about 5 o'clock, but last Monday she leftat 5:30. She wanted to get home by 6:30 and she ran to the bus stop but she couldn't get on a bus. There were too many people and not enough buses. Laura was desperate to get home so she decided to go by tube.In the station she went to one of the automatic ticket machines but she didn't have enough change, so she had to join the queue at the ticket window. She bought her ticket and ran to the escalator. Laura went to the platform and waited for the tube. It arrived and the crowd moved forward.Laura was pushed into the train. It was almost full but she was given a seat by a man with a moustache. Laura thanked him and sat down. She started to read her newspaper. In the tunnel the train stopped suddenly and Laura was thrown to the floor together with the man with the moustache. Somebody screamed. The lights went out. It was quarter past 6 on a cold, wet December evening.Task 2【答案】A.1) a 2) b 3) d 4) cB.1) T 2) T 3) FC.wondered; television plays; exciting; every cigarette lighter; tape recorder; held in a certain way;the touch of a gold ring against the hand of; reveal; How wrong they were【原文】X was a secret agent. He had rented a furnished room in a provincial town not far from the public park and had been there two weeks. He was standing at the window looking out at the dull beds of geraniums, the park gates and the cold, uninviting statue of Queen Victoria that stood across the street from him, It was raining hard and the few people who passed by looked wet and miserable. X was miserable, too. How, he wondered, could anybody think there was anything interesting about the life of a secret agent? He knew it was because people had seen so many television plays about glamorous spies that they thought the life of a secret agent was exciting.They were convinced that every cigarette lighter concealed a secret tape recorder; that a fountain pen held in a certain way would open a locked door, that the touch of a gold ring against the handof an enemy would make him reveal all his secrets. How wrong they were! He looked round his room. The wallpaper was in the worst possible taste, the pictures horrible, the carpet worn, dirtyand faded; and he was cold. This was the third Monday he had come to the window to look out.He prayed it would be the last.As if in answer to his prayer, a certain meeting he had been sent to investigate was about to take place. He took out his camera. Just beneath the statue two women had stopped to speak. He knew one of them, and it was she who pointed in his direction. The other woman looked up towards him and in that brief moment he photographed her.Task 3【答案】A.Names Ideal CareersHarry SailorNora Farmer(if she were a man)Robert Civil engineerPeter Racing driver or explorerB.1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) d【原文】Harry: Well, Robert, have you made up your mind yet what you want to do when you leave college?Nora: Oh Harry. Surely he's a bit young to decide on his career. He hasn't even got to college yet. Harry: Not at all, Nora. It's wisest to decide in good time. Look at me, for example. I really wanted to be a sailor, but now I spend my days sitting at a desk in an office. Yes, it's sillyto train for the wrong job. And after all, Robert will be going to college soon.Nora: Now if I were a man I'd be a farmer. To see the crops growing--that's my idea of a good life.Harry: Yes, and to see the money rolling in is more important still.Robert: Well, that's not the way I look at it, Dad. It's the job I care about, not the money.Harry: Maybe not; but you'll learn to care about the money too, when you've got a family to keep.Nora: And of course Peter — well, he's keen to be a racing driver, or else an explorer.Robert: Oh, Peter's not old enough to make up his mind about such things.Harry: You haven't answered my question yet, Robert. What would you like to do?Nora: Are you sure you don't want to be a farmer, Robert? Or a market gardener?Robert: No, I'm sorry Mum, but I don't want to at all. I'd rather be a civil engineer. I want to build roads and bridges.Harry: Not ships? Isn't it better to be a shipbuilding engineer?Robert: Look here, is it my career we're planning, or yours?Harry: All fight, all right, there's no need to lose your temper. But you'd better win that scholarship first.Task 4【答案】I. correspondents; columnistA. may not need eitherB. to go to places where events take place and write stories about themII. first; bigger; better; who will soon leave to work for other peopleIII. working hours; free time; work long hours to begin with【原文】Here are some of the things a young man or woman should not do when he first asks an editor for a job:He should not tell the editor that he wants to be a foreign correspondent or a columnist.Very probably the editor does not need either. He wants a reporter who will go to such places as government offices and police stations and write a true story of what is happening there. Being a foreign correspondent or a columnist will come later.A young person should not tell tile editor that newspaper work is only the first step on the way to bigger and better jobs, such as those in government. The editor must take a lot of time and trouble teaching someone to be a good newspaperman or woman. He does not like the idea of teaching people who are soon going to leave him to work for someone else.A young journalist should accept the working hours and free time the editor gives him. Asa new journalist, it is very probable that he will work longer hours than others and work on weekends. The editor did the same when he was a young newspaperman with no experience. He expects a journalist to understand how things are on a newspaper.Task 5【答案】A.1) acd 2) abeB.1) she is the wrong sex 2) she wears the wrong clothes【原文】SYLVIA: We've got a new manager in our department.LARRY: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?SYLVIA: Yes, I did.LARRY: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?SYLVIA: Someone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company only two years.I've been here longer. And I know more about the job, too!LARRY: Hmm. Why do you think they gave it to him and not to you?SYLVIA: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course !LARRY: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?SYLVIA: Yes, that was probably it! It isn't fair.LARRY: What sort of clothes does he wear?SYLVTA: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?LARRY: Perhaps that had something to do with it.SYLVIA: You mean you think I didn't get the job because I come to work in jeans and a sweater?LARRY: It's possible, isn't it?SYLVIA: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?LARRY: Well. . . perhaps you should think about it.SYLVTA: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?LARRY: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it. That's all!SYLVIA: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only important thing!LARRY: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only important thing. But it isn't. Not inthis company.Task 6【答案】A.Former Jobs When Laid-off Why Laid-off1st man Car salesman Recently Low sales, due to theincrease of interestrates2nd man Worker at a vacuumcleaner plant 10 months ago Plant moved toSingapore whereworkers are paidmuch lessB.1st speaker(bcd) 2nd speaker(ae)C.1) F 2) F【原文】Al: Is this the right line to file a claim?Bob: Yeah. It's the same line for everything. You just stand here and wait.Al: Oh. Is there always such a long line?Bob: Every week. Sometimes longer. Is this your first time here?Al: Yes.Bob: What happened? Your plant closed down?Al: No. I'm a car salesman, or, I was a car salesman. But we just aren't selling cars. It's the interest rates. Two years ago, I averaged ten new cars a month. Do you know how many carsI sold last month? One. One car to a lady who had the cash. But the interest rates are up again.The boss let three of us go. How about you?Bob: I worked at a vacuum cleaner plant with about fifty workers. We put in a good day's work.But the machinery was getting old. As a matter of fact, the whole plant was old. So the management decided to build a new plant. You know where? In Singapore. The workers here made about seven dollars an hour, a couple of people made eight or nine an hour. You know how much they're paying the workers in Singapore? $2.50 an hour! Anyway, all fifty of usgot laid off.Al: How long ago was that?Bob: They closed down ten months ago.Al: Any luck finding another job?Bob: Nothing. I have one, sometimes two, interviews a week. Last week I thought I had something.They liked my experience with machines. But I never heard from them again.Al: At least you know something about machines. All I can do is talk.Bob: Maybe you'll talk yourself into another job. Good luck. I'll see you here next week.Al: I hope not. I hope I'll have something by then.Task 7【答案】A.1) F 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) FB.1) According to the first speaker, it is frustrating because the teacher cannot see clearly the resultsof his efforts.2) According to the second speaker, English language teaching is a good job, because it guaranteesa stable income and regular working hours and means less pressure. He also likes the way elderly teacher are.【原文】Interviewer: Do you prefer what you're doing to teaching?John Smith: Yes, one of the things I found a bit frustrating about teaching was that it was rather, very intangible than um, especially if you're teaching in England and most of the students knowquite a lot of English before they arrive. They learn a lot of English outside the classroom, in pubsor coffee shops or other places, with the families they're living with. It's very difficult to pin downhow much they learn from your actual lesson, whereas in marketing um, again there are lots of areas that are gray rather than black or white, but there are quite a few other areas where one can see quite clearly the results of one's efforts.Interviewer: What did you do after you quit your job in advertising?Second Man: In fact, I became a journalist and I worked as a freelance. I didn't have a full-time job with any newspaper. I just had to contribute things as they came along and 1wrote for magazines, and I did quite a lot of broadcasting for the VOA. Well, thiswas in a way the opposite of advertising because I enjoyed it a lot but I found it veryhard to earn enough money to live on.Interviewer: And then you decided to be a teacher?Second Man: Well, and so I thought. Well, I must do something which produces an income that I can be sure of. While I was working as a journalist I had done an article for amagazine about the English language teaching world and m fact I had come to theschool where I now teach as a journalist and interviewed a lot of the people. And Ithought it seemed a very nice place and I thought that the classes I visited had a very,very nice feeling about them, and so I thought, well, I'll see if they'll have me. Interviewer: Why do you prefer teaching to advertising?Second Man: Well, partly because in teaching you work regular hours. It I advertising you just had to stay at the office until the work was finished [I see.] and it could be three o'clockin the morning. [Oh, dean] Also you were very often made to work at weekends.Often some job would come up that was very important and they said it had to befinished — it had to go into the newspapers next week.Interviewer: So there was a lot mom pressure.Second Man: There was a lot more pressure in advertising. Also, the people I worked with when I was first in advertising were young hopeful people like myself. By the end I wasworking with a lot of old people who quite honestly were awful. And I kept lookingat them and saying, "Am I going to be like that?" And I thought if I am I'd better getout, whereas the English language teachers I saw, who were older people I thought,well, they seemed quite nice. And I wouldn't mind being like that myself.Task 8【答案】The interview with Michale:Does he work? No.Why or why not? The work he used to do was not what interestedhim and what he likes to do cannot earn himenough money to support himself.What are the advantages of not having to work? 1) You do not have to get up it you don’t feellike it.2) You can spend your time on the things youwant to do.Why does he feel justified in not working? He believes he does things which are enjoyablefor him and useful to people and thecommunity.The interview with Chris:What is the value of work in the current society? Very little value other than supporting oneself and ones family.What are the two main aspects of work? 1) It is a bread-winning process.2) The activities in it can be valuable to society.What does he think of the work of a car factory worker? He thinks it harmful to both the environment and the society, for cars add to pollution and consume the scarce resources.What does he think of the work of a doctor? He thinks it a valuable job in any society.What kind of job does he do? He is perhaps a university teacher.What does he think of his work?He regarded his job a “white collar” job, whichhe does with his mind and receives mentalsatisfaction from it.【原文】Matthew: Michael, do you go out to work?Michael: Not regularly, no. I... I used to; I used to have a job in a publishing company, but I decided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and that what I wanted to do wouldn't earn memuch money, so I gave up working and luckily I had a private income from my family tosupport me and now I do the things I want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing andteaching, and others don't.Matthew: What are the advantages of not having to go to work from nine till five?Michael: Ah... there' re two advantages really. One is that if you feel tired you don't have to getup, and the other is that you can spend your time doing things you want to do rather thanbeing forced to do the same thing all the time.Matthew: But surely that's in a sense very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of us have to go out and earn our livings. Do you feel justified in having this privileged position?Michael: Yes, because I think I use it well. I do things which I think are useful to people and the community and which I enjoy doing.Matthew: Chris, what do you think the value of work is?Chris: Well, I think in our present-day society, for most people, work has very little value at all.Most of us go out to work for about eight to nine hours of our working day. We do thingswhich are either totally futile and totally useless or have very little justification whatsoever,and for most of us the only reason for working is that we need to keep ourselves alive, topay for somewhere to live, to pay to feed our children.Matthew: But surely people wouldn't know what to do if they didn't have to go to work?Chris: Well, again this raises the sort of two main aspects of work. Should we think of 'work only as a sort of bread-winning process, and this is very much the role it has in currentsociety, or should we take a much wider perspective on work and think of all the possiblesort of activities that human beings could be doing during the day? I think the sort of distinction currently is between say, someone who works in a car factory and who produces cars which are just adding to pollution, to over-consumption of vital resources,who is doing something which is very harmful, both to our environment and to, probablysociety, to contrast his work with someone perhaps like a doctor, who I think in any societycould be justified as doing a very valuable job and one which incidentally is satisfying tothe person who is doing it.Matthew: What do you do? Is your job just a breadwinning process or do you get some satisfaction out of doing it?Chris: Well, in the job I do find that most of the satisfaction is a mental one; it's coming to grips with the problems of my subject and with the problems of teaching in the University.Clearly this is the type of satisfaction that most people doing what we call in England "white-collar" jobs. This is quite different from the sort of craftsman, who is either working that his hands or with his skills on a machine, or from people perhaps who areusing artistic skills, which are of a quite different character. Certainly it's becoming a phenomena that people who do "white-collar jobs during the day, who work with their minds to some extent, people who work on computers, people who are office clerks, bankemployees, these people have fairly soul-destroying jobs which nevertheless don't involvemuch physical effort, that they tend to come home and do "do-it-yourself" activities at home. They make cupboard, paint their houses, repair their cars, which somehow providethe sort of physical job satisfaction that they're denied in their working day.Task 9【答案】A.Interviewees Like their jobs(percent)Dislike their jobs(percent)Like jobs in part(percent)Men91 5 4Women84124Men/Women 18-2470 20 6Men/Women 25-2988 9 3Men/Women 30-3992 8 0White-collar workers87 8 4Blue-collar workers91 5 3B.1) No major change. For som e→“less paperwork”Some:→less working hoursOthers:→earn more money.2) Most adults→would go on working.Esp. young adults (18 to 24)→9 out of 10 would go on working【原文】Are most workers today feeling bored and dissatisfied with their jobs? It is often claimedthat they are. Yet a study conducted by Parade magazine more than 20 years ago showed that people at that time felt the opposite.Parade asked questions of a representative sampling of adult Americans from coast to coast. The sampling included different sexes, age groups, and occupations.The interviewees were asked to make a choice from one of the following three to describe their feelings towards their work.A. Like their jobs.B. Dislike their jobs.C. Like their jobs in part,Results showed that 91 percent of the male interviewees and 84 percent of the females chose A, while only 5 percent men and 12 percent women interviewed chose B. The rest said that they liked their jobs in part and they comprised a very tow percentage.In all the three age groups — from 18 to 24, from 25 to 29 and 30 to 39 — those who liked theirjobs made up the majority. 70 percent, 88 percent and 92 percent respectively choose A. Those choosing B accounted for 20 percent, 9 percent and 8 percent of different age groups. And the rest, 6 percent, 3 percent and 0 percent respectively claimed that they only liked their jobs in part.The difference in responses among people with different occupations is small. Among the white-collar employees, those choosing A, B and C are 87 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent of the total. And for the blue-collar employees, 91 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent choose A, B and C respectively.It is interesting to note that there are few differences in attitude between men and women, professionals and factory workers. In each group, the largest number reported that they liked their jobs.Next, Parade asked, "If there were one thing you could change about your job, what wouldit be?" It was expected that many would wish to make their jobs less boring, but very few gavethis reply. No major changes were reported. Some wished for "less paperwork"; many would shorten their working hours, but others would like more hours in order to earn more money. No serious complaints were made.Most people have to work in order to live. But what would happen if someone had enough money to stop working? Parade asked, "If you inherited a million dollars, would you go on working — either at your present job or something you liked better--or would you quit work?" The answers showed that most adults would prefer to work, even if they didn't have to. This is true especially of the younger adults aged 18-24. Of these, nine out often said they would go on working, even if they suddenly became millionaires.Task 10【答案】A.According to Mother Accordingto CathyIntelligence very bright reasonably intelligentInterests music and dancing tennis and swimming, talking topeopleCareer inclination teacher or vet hairdresserB.1) F 2) TC.1) b 2) aD.1. She really enjoyed meeting new people.2. She had good qualifications in English and Maths.3. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant.4. She liked living away form home.【原文】Officer: Come in, please take a seat. I'm the careers officer. You're Cathy, aren't you?Mother: That's right. This is Catherine Hunt, and I'm her mother.Officer: How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Hello, Catherine.Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.Officer: And you'd like some advice about choosing a career?-Mother: Yes, she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine?Cathy: Yes, please.Officer: Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin with. How old are you, Catherine?Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's almost nineteen.Officer: And what qualifications have you got?Mother: Well, qualifications from school, of course. Very good results she got. And she got certificates for ballet and for playing the piano.Officer: Is that what you're interested in, Catherine, dancing and music?Cathy: Well...Mother: Ever since she was a little girl, she's been very keen on music and dancing. She ought to be a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to getthe right job, aren't you, Catherine?Cathy: Well, if it's a good idea.Mother: There you are, you see. She's a good girl really, a bit lazy and disorganized sometimes,but she's very bright. I'm sure the careers officer will have lots of jobs for you.Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not as easy as that. There are many young people these days who can't find the job they want.Mother: I told you, Catherine. I told you, you shouldn't wear that dress. You have to look smart to get a job these days.Officer: I think she looks very nice. Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for a moment and look at some of the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like to see how we canhelp young people.Mother: Yes, I'd love to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a nice teacher. She could work with young children. She'd like that. Or she could be a vet. She's always looking after sick animals.Officer: I'm afraid there's a lot of competition. You need very good results to be a vet. This way, Mrs. Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine.(The mother exits.)Officer: There are just one or two more things, Catherine.Cathy: Do call me Cathy.Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you really interested in being a vet?Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm not brilliant.I'm afraid my mother is a bit over-optimistic.Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum?Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.Officer: I'm sure she is. So, you're interested in ballet and music, are you?Cathy: Not really. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good, I suppose. ButI don't think I want to do that for the rest of my life, especially music. It's so lonely.Officer: What do you enjoy doing?Cathy: Well, I like playing tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with the school choir last year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests — things that would help me to get a job?Officer: No. I'm more interested in what you really want to do. You like talking to people, do you? Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting new people.Officer: Do you think you would enjoy teaching?Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was never very interested in school work, and I'd like to do something different. Anyway, there's a teacher training college very near us. It would be just like going to school again.Officer: So you don't want to go on training?Cathy: Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something useful. I wondered about being a hairdresser — you meet lots of people, and you learn to do something properly—but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile.Officer: What about nursing?Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I couldn't do that, I'm not good enough.Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good qualifications in English and Maths. But it is very hard work.Cathy: Oh, I don't mind that.Officer: And it's not very pleasant sometimes.-Cathy: That doesn't worry me either. Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. I looked after our dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worriedabout the dog. Do you really think I could be a nurse?Officer: I think you could be a very good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course.Cathy: I rather think I should enjoy that.Officer: Well, don't decide all at once. Here's some information about one or two other things which might suit you. Have a look through it before you make up your mind.Task 11【原文】I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced himthat she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different, so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.欢迎下载11。
大学英语精读第二册6单元课文原文
第一单元The Dinner PartyMona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true —though any naturalist would know it couldn,t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven,t.“A woman,s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.”The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. Theboy,s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing - bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters - the likeliest place - but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left - under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.“I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that,s five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!”The 20 people sit l ike stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…" when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.“You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.”“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?”A faint smile lights up the woman,s face as she r eplies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.”第二单元Lessons from JeffersonBruce Bliven 1Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.2Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:3Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.4You can learn from everyone . By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble personsever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people,s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”5Judge for yourself Jefferson refused to accept other people,s opinions withou t careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.”6Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” 7 Do what you believe is right . In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”8Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present shouldnever be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”9Jefferson,s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.10Of all Jefferson,s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”11When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas andexamples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.第三单元My First JobRobert BestWhile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. ‘Ah yes,, he grunted. ‘You,d better come inside., The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. ‘You,d better sit down,, he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry - two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly, ‘What would my salary be?’ ‘Twelve pounds a week plus lunch., Before I could protest, he go t to his feet. ‘Now’, he said, ‘you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school., This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.第四单元The Professor and the Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein,s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.” He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn,t make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world,s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth,s.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”“But Professor, why don,t you try the cream just once?” I argued. “It makes shaving smoother and less painful.”He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. “You know, that cream really works, he announced. “It doesn,t pull the beard. It feels wonderful.” Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn,t have theslightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. HisE=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history — yet Einstein wouldn,t walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn,t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn,t.The next morning he announced, “I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way ...” He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. “No, I guess that,s not it,” he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. “I’ve had good ideas, and so have other men,” he once said. “But it,s been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.” He wasbewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.第五单元The Villain in the AtmosphereIsaac Asimov1The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.2It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.3What,s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.4But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:5The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a largefraction of the world,s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.6Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan,s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.7Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.8And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?9It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth,s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.10However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the smallquantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.11We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.12This means that in the coming decades, Earth,s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.13Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.14But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?15To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.16To make matters worse, Earth,s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.17Whatever replaces the forest - grassland or farms or scrub 一 produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.18But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.19What is to be done?20First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.21Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth,s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.22All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending lesstime, work, and money in order to save us all?第六单元The Making of a SurgeonDr. Nolen 1How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.2The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon” ——then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.3Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I,d have trouble getting back to sleep. I,d review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn,t made a poor decision. More than once attwo or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I,d get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.4Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn,t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved 一 and I could live with it So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn,t going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I,d made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.5In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. I,d sweated6Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn,t need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier 一 even one year earlier 一 I wouldn,t have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors 一 would do my best to avoid them 一 but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn,t able to avoid a mistake, chanceswere that no other surgeon could have, either.7This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he,s as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.。
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析（可编辑）
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析B T L E W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Part Three ENTER B T L E W Text Appreciation Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text analysis 1 General analysis 2 Theme 3 Structure 4 Further discussion II Sentence paraphrase Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plotof the story Setting of the story Protagonists of the story Theme of the story Text Analysis Have you got the key elements in the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plot My experience in a small Brazilian village and what I concluded Settinga small village in the central area of Brazil Protagonists an American traveler I several Brazilian people Theme of the storygo to the next page Text Analysis For reference The end of General Analysis Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Text Analysis We should respect all civilizations in the world Wisdoms are to be discovered with an open mindto other cultures Theme of the story The end of Theme Part 1 paras 1 about Part 2 paras about Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text Analysis Structure of the text 4 The story of the green bananas What the author learned We should respect all civilizations in the world The endof Structure 5 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana What is learning moments Have you ever experienced learning moments Have you ever heard of orencountered the experience of cultural differences List the examples The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part para3 What does this sentence mean trying to show interest if not complete acceptance para3 Does the author agree with the villagers Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana its time had come to meet my need It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para5 It was my own time to do what Why is it in the authors opinion that many useful things remain unknown to us Who is to blame But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made a life-long perspective and collection can begin para7 What does he mean by the second center Which is the first center How can we make a conscious breakthrough to a second center What does he mean by perspective and collection Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Whats the use of green bananas in the text Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Green bananas are first used as something to stop the leak of the jeep temporarily and then as a symbol of the unknown treasures of each civilization W For Reference Lesson 10 – The Green Banana When the author says we should leave our own centers of the world does he mean we should travel to other countries more often Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page The author believes that everynation has good things to offer to the rest of the world It is therefore wrong to regard any nation as inferior We should reject ethnocentrism andadopt cultural relativism For Reference in the central area of Brazilsteep mountain road jeep stopped stopped for help went on reached destination special potential of green bananas importance of the rock Cultural relativism Text Analysis To be continued on the nextpage Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Beginning Ending Cli Development learning experience paras5-8 Telling the first part of the StoryStory Narration The end of Text Analysis Text Analysis Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1 My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak para 1 When the radiator started to drip my oldjeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural areathe infinitive as object go to 2 to strain to try very hard radiator thepart of a car which prevents the engine from getting too hot 散热器Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 2 Theover-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village which consistedof a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there para1 Due to the high temperature of the engine I had to stop at thenext village which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed infinitive as object complement go to 3 over-heatedtoo hot consist of contain be made of Lesson 10 – The Green BananaII Sentence Paraphrase 3 He patted me on the shoulder assuring me that everything would work out para 1 He patted my shoulder confirming methat all the things would be resolved telling me that something is sureto happen or is definitely true go to 4 patted my shoulder More ExamplesTo be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase Similarly 1 to wound sb in the leg to wound ones leg 2 tohit sb at the back to hit ones back back to 3 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 4 I did not ask them though as that would show my ignorance para 2 However I did not inquire about the reason since it would reveal my lack of knowledge go to 5 an adverbial clause of reason Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 5He in turn inspected me carefully as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement para 3 in a proper order Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understoodthe importance of his words The infinitive is used in a set constructiongo to 6 with the appearance of apparently More Examples Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1He looked as if he had seen a ghost followed by a clause 2 She cleared her throat as if to speak followedby an infinitive 3 He was standing by the window as if waiting for somebody followed by a present participle back to 5 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 6 I looked to see if he was teasingme but his face was serious para3 I looked in order to find outwhether he was joking but he seemed deeply earnest infinitive as adverbial go to 7 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 7 They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again para 4 Then my radiator was filled again by them and I was provided with more bananas as a precaution my radiator should leak again infinitive as attribute go to 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 8 As a product of American education I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come para 5 As someone educated in the United States I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten go to 9 The tone is humorous and self-mocking Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 9 It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para 5 It was me who had come to know the green bananas and everything connected with it According to the author every civilization has special geniuses symbolized by the green banana which have existed for many years But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them go to 10 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 10 I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call learning moments and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once para5 refers to the two learning moments The two things that suddenly dawned on him are the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village town region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world infinitive as objectgo to 11 B T L E W。
现代大学英语精读lesson0000200002-PPT课件
3. Clipping
• doc (doctor) • Back: dorm (dormitory), disco
•
alert
• vt. • e.g. This program often alerts audience to • •
• • • •
unsuspected ailments. His speech is to alert teachers to their responsibility. I’ll alert him about (for) weekend duty. (inform) n. A 24-hour alert on (the) alert for be on full alert go on the alert
Easter
The Christian festival of Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The spring festival has its roots in the Jewish Passover(逾越节), which commemorates Israel‘s deliverance from the bondage of Egypt, and in the Christian reinterpretation of its meaning after the crucifixion(磨难) 18-40): The reunion of the two
when the boy’s life was endangered by two hungry wolves. • Part 4 (para41-44): The brothers returned to the place where they each belonged – the boy to his warm home and his loved ones, the wolf to his kind in the wild.
Unit2 现代大学英语精读2
• Media: mass mailings, leaflets and the Internet • Strategy: public rallies and protests Ideology: some Christian fundamentalist beliefs, Christian Identity, white supremacy • Financial support: little • Targeting those set free after the American Civil War—the African Americans, KKK designed to spread fear throughout the Black population that still lived in the southern states. The most hatred was directed against the poor black families in the south who were very vulnerable to attack. • With the enactment of Congressional legislation and enforcement of the law by the federal government, the Klan was extinguished in 1871—1872.
T 5. The husband had known all along what his wife wanted
from him, but simply didn’t want to give in to her.
into their house and made some strange noise.
英语第二册第三版课件Unit 6 lesson 1
n.女朋友 v. 使筋疲力尽
get together see … off
聚会 为……送行
-ive
e.g. expense → ( expensive ) → ( 昂贵的 )
1. product → (
)→(
)
2. attract → (
)→(
)
3. aggress → (
)→(
)
4. prevent → (
Heat energy is capable of being changed into mechanical energy. 热能可以被转换为机械能。
You’ll be able to walk soon. 你很快就能走路了。
He said he would be able to see me next week。他说他下星期能 与我见面。
The patient gradually improved under her care. 这个病人在她的护理下逐渐好转了。
Living conditions in these areas have improved a lot. 这些地区的生活条件改进了很多。
◆ improve 后跟 on/upon + 名词短语，表示“把……改得更好” “把……加以提高”。例如：
宾语补足语
5. 在表示心理状态的动词（如 consider，discover，believe，think，find， imagine，judge，suppose，prove，regard 等）后的宾语补足语通常是“to be + 名词”“to be + 形容词”“as+ 名词”或“as + 形容词”，有时“to be”可省略 。例如：
现代大学英语精读第二版第四册unit6讲稿
现代大学英语精读第二版第四册unit6讲稿Cultural Note:Communion(p.153 note 3)Pre-class discussion:1. can you find out whether there is anything about traditional societies that people living in modern societies miss very much?2. talk about how technological inventions have brought about great changes in their life. They can use such examples as the invention of wheel, gunpowder or compass, the discovery of the fire, the construction of the first railway, etc. They might also be interested to predict the possible consequences of such new inventions of e-mail, iPhone, etc.Background:The United States is known to be a country of immigrants. Wave upon wave, people come to this land from practically all parts of the world in the course of history, to escape religious or political persecution or to seek better living conditions. This is the reason for the popular appeal of immigrant literature in the United States. It satisfies people’s nostalgia about thei r past and their descendants’ desire to seek their roots. It also interests people of other ethnic origins in the country to find out how their country came to be such a “melting pot”.Teaching tips: (after class)From the point of view of language and style, this story deserves our close attention particularly on the following points.1. the author’s careful and clever choice of examples for bringing out his key ideas.2. the clever way of hiding significant messages in aseemingly childish narration.3. the clever humorous touches4. the skillful uses of figures of speech5. the clever use of words that give a strong local color6. the skillful way of repeating words and sentence patterns to achieve the effect of describing a traditional society and life where things happen without any change.Analysis of the text:1. Magdaluna: a village that lies in the Lebanon Mountains running parallel to the Mediterranean coastlineEast(west, etc) of: at a distance to the east (west, etc.),Eg. He was born in a small town about 100 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou.The Browns live 150 miles west of London.Sidon: a city on Lebanon’s southern coast, approximately 25 miles south of Beirut. It is one of the country’s largest ports and one of the oldest cities in the Middle East.2. according to this sentence, we can see that the villagers didn’t think time was important until perhaps when they were dying.3. keep track (of): to keep oneself informed about a person, situation, etc.,Eg. They try hard to keep track of all the new developments in the IT industry.The boy has kept track of his favorite sports stars.Compare:Lose track (of): to fail to remain informed,Eg. He loses track of time whenever he surfs the Net.During World War Two, the Chinese couple lost track of their son who was studying in Britain.4. the sentence means: the sun was the only clock or watch we needed at that time.Need: a strong feeling that you want sb/sth or must have sth, Eg. There was a time in the country when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. (para. 1, unit 8, book 1)Have no need of: to not need,Eg. We have no need of this old desktop now that we’ve bought an up-to-date one.When he found they had no more need of him, he quit.Compare:Need: a situation when sth is necessary or must be done,Eg. As the helicopter arrived, Katie knew that her desperate need to direct her own rescue was over.There’s no need to apologize.5. in the remaining part of the paragraph, the writer summarizes what life was like in his home village when he was a child. The villagers followed the life pattern generation after generation. He uses a series of action verbs to emphasize the unchanging cycle of birth, marriage, toil and death in the small Lebanese village. The paragraph ends with the conclusion that with life as it was, there was no need to keep track of time.The seasons rolled by: the seasons came and went in steady successionRoll by: (of time) to pass, esp. quickly,Eg. The years rolled by, and still they got no news of their son.Those children who survived: this implies that infant mortality rate was highTo understand this sentence, we should know about some cultural note: Intermarriage among cousins is very common insome countries. The practice has come down from ancient times, when people there were mostly nomadic herdsmen who had no permanent settlements and moved with the animals from place to place. There were very few options open to young people in the choice of spouse. Today, this intermarriage is still common because of economic considerations. For poor families, marriage within an extended family saves the trouble of exchanging dowries. When rich people marry their cousins, they don’t worry about that someday their money and property will pass to another family.6. this does not meant that we had no way of knowing what year, or season, or day, or hour it was and of remembering when such important events as births, weddings, death, disasters happened.7. meaning of the sentence: we used natural disasters to keep track of time and of the important events in our lives. This was a natural calendar though it is more accurate to say a diving calendar, for sunrise and sunset, the change of seasons, and earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences were all works of God.8. the sentence means: … this way of keeping track of time and of the important events in our lives served or purpose well enough.Fine: adv. (infml) in a way that is acceptable and good enough,Eg. Don’t worry. He’s doing fine.Things are fine at school this year.9. cave in: (of roof or wall) to fall down or inward; to collapse10. meaning of the sentence: that’s the most accurate answer I could get.Now: (spoken) used for giving emphasis to a request, order or comment,Eg. Be careful, now! (order)Now, what’s going on there? (request)It’s marvelous, now, isn’t it? (comment)11. meaning of the sentence: and that’s how we kept track of the important events in our little village for as long as even the oldest people could remember.Note: here, “as far back as anybody could remember” serves as the object of “for”. 12. meaning of the sentence: … because men who would not lie for any reason or purpose, not even to save their souls …Save their own souls: to save their own livesUntil it was incor porated into Magdaluna’s calendar: until the event became one of the things by which we kept track of the important events in our lives.Incorporate sth (into): to add or include sth as part of sth else, Eg. The company decided to incorporate the new feature into their microcomputer.A number of courses in public relations have been incorporated into our curriculum.13. meaning of the sentence: this is a transitional sentence that begins another part of the essay, which extends to para. 10: the year of the drought, one of the best years in the writer’s childhood.14. the heavens were shut for months: it didn’t rain for months as if the sky were shut tightHeavens: (literary) the skySlowed to a trickle: (the spring) gradually became a slow and thin flow of waterTo: used for stating what condition or state sb or sth is after a change,Eg. The ancient temple has been restored to its former glory.The disease has reduced the patient to a bag of bones.15. *What can you infer from these attributive modifiers about these women?Obviously, because they shouldered much of the household chores, and probably worked in the fields, they were lean and muscular. And they were made to work hard, and because they were barefoot, their heels were cracked and brown.16. meaning of the sentence: their husbands who were takinga nap and their babies who needed to change their nappies because they were all wet with urine.Cultural note:Men in Arab countries, especially in the countryside, usually don’t do any housework.As we read on, we find the men in the village spent the evening somewhere drinking, chatting, and playing games.17. *what did the women sometimes argue about? What made them so irritable?These women hated to be away from home the whole morning and afternoon. They worried about their babies and the household chores waiting for them at home, so they got impatient and argue about who should get her water first. Or course the heat, the flies and the bad smell made them all the more irritable.18. meaning of the sentence: and sometimes the arguments became so fierce that they developed into long and violent fights.Full-blown: in the most complete and developed form,Eg. A full-blown economic crisis19. meaning of the sentence: … the words they used when they were quarreling were such that we little boys felt uncomfortable…Call sb names: to abuse sb by insulting words.20. in the remaining part of the paragraph, the writer, as an adult, recalls and describes humorously the excitement the little boys felt at the chance of seeing the usually unexposed parts of the female body. We smile, as we read this part, at the little boy’s innocent curiosity about what they normally couldn’t see and we find nothing repulsive in the description.To understand the sentence, we should know sth about culture.The traditional robe Arab women wear outdoors is a three-piece garment: a long-sleeved black dress reaching to the heels, a large black shawl to hide the hair and to wear over the shoulders and a black, nontransparent veil to cover the face showing only the eyes. In a few Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, women must wear such a garment when they go out.21. meaning of the sentence: this scene has never been erased from my memory. Some women were fighting so furiously that dust clouds were created. The sun (meaning sunlight) was moving quickly on the dust when a young woman’s dress was torn open and her breast exposed. We little boys would rush to steal a glance before it was hidden again. I still remember the excitement I felt at such moments.22. this is another transitional sentence that begins the main part of the essay: How the telephone changed the way of life of the villagers and marked a turning point in the writer’s life. All the first ten paragraphs serve as an introduction: what life waslike before the telephone came along. Note how the writer opens this section. After concluding that the year of the drought will always be one of the best years of his childhood, he goes on to describe the year as one of the worst in his life, of course, from a child’s point of view, or in the short run. Surely in the long run, the year of the drought would be one of the most important in his life.Decide in this sentence means to conclude.23. meaing of the sentence: … and Magdaluna wouldn’t achieve any success withouta telephone.Get anywhere/somewhere/nowhere: to make some/no progress or have some/no successEg. Have you got anywhere in your project?You’ll surely get somewhere if you persist in it.Compare:Not to get sb anywhere: will not help sb to succeed,Eg. Losing your temper won’t get you anywhere with them.24. meaning of the sentence: a few men… tried hard to persuade Abu Raja to give up the idea of having a telephone installed in the village.Talk sb into/out of (doing) sth: to persuade sb to do/not to do sth,Eg. Finally he talked Xiao Chen into accepting the job.If she wants to do something, no one can talk her out of it.25. outshout: a word made up by the writer, combining the prefix “out” with the verb “shout”, meaning “those for the telephone spoke louder (or more strongly) than the others in their arguments”.Meaning of the sentence: but the majority of the villagerswere for the telephone, and they wouldn’t listen to those few people and finally avoided them for resisting progress.26. meaning of the sentence: … the sound of sb shouting informed people that …The usual idiom is “the word went out”, but here, obviously, the news was shouted across the fields.Go out: to be told to people.27. at sb’s elbow: very close to or beside sbMeaning of the sentence: the paragraph tells us how the whole village gathered at the store to watch the installation of the telephone: the rich stood right beside the men from the telephone company, the not-so-poor people stood in the doorway, the poorer villagers stood outside. This shows that the people in the village were status-conscious.28. when the telephone first came to the village, the boy was curious about it and marveled at the wonderful machine through which people could talk to relatives far away. But later it proved to be a misfortune for the village and for the boy personally. (this is what the boy thought at that time.)29. Para. 19 centers around Im Kaleem, the village whore: her appearance, her character and the role she played in the village. Elicit from the students what they can learn or infer about her from the paragraph.Her appearance: short, middle-aged, black-haired, and speaking in a loud voice which was not very pleasant.*And when we read about her appearance, we may answer the questions: What kind of woman was she? Did she depend on her looks to attract the men in the village? Wherein did her attraction lie? Why doesn’t the writer think, now in retrospect, that the women objected to their men going to Im Kaleem’shouse?Her character: generous, understanding, and sensibleHer role: a kind of confessor, a good listener, a pressure-reliever, and a troubleshooter 黎巴嫩人口主要由阿拉伯人构成（95%），大部分信仰穆斯林，其余为基督徒。
现代大学英语精读2课文
Unit1Another School Year — What ForLet me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk.New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not read: Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training schoolbut a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education.I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. Nevertheless, I was young and I had a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way: "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep.""Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school —or engineering, or law school, or whatever —during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rearsyour children. They will be your income, and may it always suffice.""But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours Let's say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect Will there be a book in the house Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering Will the kids ever get to hear Bach" That is about what I said, but this particular pest was not interested. "Look," he said, "you professors raise your kids your way; I'll take care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money." "I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks."Fourteen years later I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history — then you haveno business being in college. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them — without making contact.No one gets to be a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.Assume, for example, that you want to be a physicist. You pass the great stone halls of, say, M. I. T., and there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists. The chances are that few, if any, of you will leave your names to be cut into those stones. Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics than did many of those great scholars of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you.And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankind's spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books. Books are man's peculiar accomplishment. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mindincludes a piece of Homer's mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare —the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy.I think it was La Rochefoucauld who said that most people would never fall in love if they hadn't read about it. He might have said that no one would ever manage to become human if they hadn't read about it.I speak, I'm sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well, when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. The faculty, by its very existence, saysimplicitly: "We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience. We are here to make available to you, as best we can, that expertise."Unit2Maheegun My BrotherThe year I found Maheegun, spring was late in coming. That day, I was spearing fish with my grandfather when I heard the faint crying and found the shivering wolf cub.As I bent down, he moved weakly toward me. I picked him up and put him inside my jacket. Little Maheegun gained strength after I got the first few drops of warm milk in him. He wiggled and soon he was full and warm.My grandfather finally agreed to let me keep him.That year, which was my 14th, was the happiest of my life. Not that we didn't have our troubles. Maheegun was the most mischievous wolf cub ever. He was curious too. Like looking into Grandma's sewing basket — which he upset, scattering thread and buttons all over the floor. At such times, she would chase him out with a broom and Maheegun would poke his head around the corner, waiting for things to quiet down.That summer Maheegun and I became hunting partners. We hunted the grasshoppers that leaped about like little rockets. And in the fall, after the first snow our games took us to the nearest meadows in search of field mice. By then, Maheegun was half grown. Gone was the puppy-wool coat. In its place was a handsome black mantle.The winter months that came soon after were the happiest I could remember. They belonged only to Maheegun and myself. Often we would make a fire in the bushes. Maheegun would lay his head between his front paws, with his eyes on me as I told him stories. It all served to fog my mind with pleasure so that I forgot my Grandpa's repeated warnings, and one night left Maheegun unchained. The following morning in sailed Mrs. Yesno, wild with anger, who demanded Maheegun be shot because he had killed her rooster. The next morning, my grandpa announced that we were going to take Maheegun to the north shack.By the time we reached the lake where the trapper's shack stood, Maheegun seemed to have become restless. Often he would sit with his nose to the sky, turning his head this way and that as if to check the wind.The warmth of the stove soon brought sleep to me. But something caused me to wake up with a start. I sat up, and in themoon-flooded cabin was my grandfather standing beside me. "Come and see, son," whispered my grandfather.Outside the moon was full and the world looked all white with snow. He pointed to a rock that stood high at the edge of the lake. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears pointed, alert, listening."Maheegun," whispered my grandfather.Slowly the wolf raised his muzzle. "Oooo-oo-wow-wowoo-oooo!" The whole white world thrilled to that wild cry. Then after a while, from the distance came a softer call in reply. Maheegun stirred, with the deep rumble of pleasure in his throat. He slipped down the rock and headed out across the ice."He's gone," I said."Yes, he's gone to that young she-wolf." My grandfather slowly filled his pipe. "He will take her for life, hunt for her, protect her. This is the way the Creator planned life. No man can change it."I tried to tell myself it was all for the best, but it was hard to lose my brother.For the next two years I was as busy as a squirrel storing nuts for the winter. But once or twice when I heard wolf cries from distant hills, I would still wonder if Maheegun, in his battlefor life, found time to remember me.It was not long after that I found the answer.Easter came early that year and during the holidays I went to visit my cousins.My uncle was to bring me home in his truck. But he was detained by some urgent business. So I decided to come back home on my own.A mile down the road I slipped into my snowshoes and turned into the bush. The strong sunshine had dimmed. I had not gone far before big flakes of snow began drifting down.The snow thickened fast. I could not locate the tall pine that stood on the north slope of Little Mountain. I circled to my right and stumbled into a snow-filled creek bed. By then the snow had made a blanket of white darkness, but I knew only too well there should have been no creek there.I tried to travel west but only to hit the creek again. I knew I had gone in a great circle and I was lost.There was only one thing to do. Camp for the night and hope that by morning the storm would have blown itself out. I quickly made a bed of boughs and started a fire with the bark of an old dead birch. The first night I was comfortable enough. But when the first gray light came I realized that I was in deep trouble.The storm was even worse. Everything had been smothered by the fierce whiteness.The light of another day still saw no end to the storm. I began to get confused. I couldn't recall whether it had been storming for three or four days.Then came the clear dawn. A great white stillness had taken over and with it, biting cold. My supply of wood was almost gone. There must be more.Slashing off green branches with my knife, I cut my hand and blood spurted freely from my wound. It was some time before the bleeding stopped. I wrapped my hand with a piece of cloth I tore off from my shirt. After some time, my fingers grew cold and numb, so I took the bandage off and threw it away.How long I squatted over my dying fire I don't know. But then I saw the gray shadow between the trees. It was a timber wolf. He had followed the blood spots on the snow to the blood-soaked bandage."Yap... yap... yap... yoooo!" The howl seemed to freeze the world with fear.It was the food cry. He was calling, "Come, brothers, I have found meat." And I was the meat!Soon his hunting partner came to join him. Any time now, Ithought, their teeth would pierce my bones.Suddenly the world exploded in snarls. I was thrown against the branches of the shelter. But I felt no pain. And a great silence had come. Slowly I worked my way out of the snow and raised my head. There, about 50 feet away, crouched my two attackers with their tails between their legs. Then I heard a noise to my side and turned my head. There stood a giant black wolf. It was Maheegun, and he had driven off the others. "Maheegun... Maheegun...," I sobbed, as I moved through the snow toward him. "My brother, my brother," I said, giving him my hand. He reached out and licked at the dried blood.I got my little fire going again, and as I squatted by it, I started to cry. Maybe it was relief or weakness or both — I don't know. Maheegun whimpered too.Maheegun stayed with me through the long night, watching me with those big eyes. The cold and loss of blood were taking their toll.The sun was midway across the sky when I noticed how restless Maheegun had become. He would run away a few paces — head up, listening — then run back to me. Then I heard. It was dogs. It was the searching party! I put the last of my birch bark on the fire and fanned it into life.The sound of the dogs grew louder. Then the voices of men. Suddenly, as if by magic, the police dog team came up out of the creek bed, and a man came running toward my fire. It was my grandfather.The old hunter stopped suddenly when he saw the wolf. He raised his rifle. "Don't shoot!" I screamed and ran toward him, falling through the snow. "It's Maheegun. Don't shoot!"He lowered his rifle. Then I fell forward on my face, into the snow.I woke up in my bedroom. It was quite some time before my eyes came into focus enough to see my grandfather sitting by my bed. "You have slept three days," he said softly. "The doc says you will be all right in a week or two.""And Maheegun" I asked weakly."He should be fine. He is with his own kind."Unit3More Crime and Less PunishmentIf you are looking for an explanation of why we don't get tough with criminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes,many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many criminals. The best estimates suggest that 36 million to 40 million people (16 to 18 percent of the U. S. population) have arrest records for nontraffic offenses. We already have 2. 4 million people under some form of correctional supervision, 412, 000 of them locked away in a prison cell. We don't have room for any more!The painful fact is that the more crime there is the less we are able to punish it. This is why the certainty and severity of punishment must go down when the crime rate goes up. Countries like Saudi Arabia can afford to give out harsh punishments precisely because they have so little crime. But can we afford to cut off the hands of those who committed more than 35 million property crimes each year Can we send them to prison Can we execute more than 22,000 murderersWe need to think about the relationship between punishment and crime in a new way. A decade of careful research has failed to provide clear and convincing evidence that the threat of punishment reduces crime. We think that punishment deters crime, but it just might be the other way around. It just might be that crime deters punishment: that there is so much crime that it simply cannot be punished.This is the situation we find ourselves in today. Just as the decline in the number of high-school graduates has made it easier to gain admission to the college of one's choice, the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. While elite colleges and universities still have high standards of admissions, some of the most "exclusive" prisons now require about five prior serious crimes before an inmate is accepted into their correctional program. Our current crop of prisoners is an elite group, on the whole much more serious offenders than those who were once imprisoned in Alcatraz.These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police, judges or correctional personnel for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted can't all be sent to prison. The society demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do about the crime problem. The criminal justice system must then become as powerless as a parent who has charge of hundreds of teenage children and who is nonetheless expected to answer the TV message: "It's 10 o'clock!Do you know where your children are"A few statistics from the Justice Department's recent "Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice" illustrate my point. Of every 100 serious crimes committed in America, only 33 are actually reported to the police. Of the 33 reported, about six lead to arrest. Of the six arrested, only three are prosecuted and convicted. The others are rejected or dismissed due to evidence or witness problems or are sent elsewhere for medical treatment instead of punishment. Of the three convicted, only one is sent to prison. The other two are allowed to live in their community under supervision. Of the select few sent to prison, more than half receive a maximum sentence of five years. The average inmate, however, leaves prison in about two years. Most prisoners gain early release not because parole boards are too easy on crime, but because it is much cheaper to supervise a criminal in the community. And, of course, prison officials must make room for the new prisoners sent almost daily from the courts.We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth thecost to state and local governments. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters' approval for bonds to build new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison construction.And if it were willing to pay, long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime. In 1981, 124,000 convicts were released from prison. If we had kept them in jail for an additional year, how many crimes would have been prevented While it is not possible to know the true amount of crime committed by people released from prison in any given year, we do know the extent to which those under parole are jailed again for major crime convictions. This number is a surprisingly low 6 percent (after three years it rises to only 11 percent). Even if released prisoners commit an average of two crimes each, this would amount to only 15,000 crimes prevented: a drop in the bucket when measured against the 41 million crimes committed each year.More time spent in prison is also more expensive. The best estimates are that it costs an average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $ billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100,000 percrime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy.Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.Unit4The Nightingale and the Rose "She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses," cried the young Student, "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the oak tree the Nightingale heard him and she looked out through the leaves and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose my life is made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, and now I see him."The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night," murmured the young Student, "and my love will be there. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely and my heart will break.""Here, indeed, is the true lover," said the Nightingale. Surely love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds and opals."The musicians will play upon their stringed instruments," said the young Student, "and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her," and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept. "Why is he weeping" asked a green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why, indeed" said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam."Why, indeed" whispered a Daisy to his neighbor, in a soft, lowvoice."He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale. "For a red rose" they cried, "how very ridiculous!" and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright. But the Nightingale understood the Student's sorrow, and sat silent in the Oak-tree.Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the centre of the grass-plot stood a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it. "Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."But the Tree shook its head."My roses are white," it answered, "as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are yellow," it answered, "as yellow as the hair ofthe mermaiden, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms In the meadow. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student's window."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are red," it answered, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.""One red rose is all that I want," cried the Nightingale, "only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it" "There is a way," answered the Tree, "but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.""Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid." "If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.""Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," cried the Nightingale, "and life is very dear to all. Yet love is better than life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man"So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.The young Student was still lying on the grass, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes. "Be happy," cried the Nightingale, "be happy, you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart's blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover."The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him. But the Oak-tree understood and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale. "Sing me one last song," he whispered. "I shall feel lonely when you are gone."So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.When she had finished her song, the Student got up."She has form," he said to himself, as he walked away. "Thatcannot be denied. But has she got feeling I am afraid not. In fact, like most artists, she is all style without any sincerity." And he went to his room, and lay down on his bed, and after a time, he fell asleep.And when the Moon shone in the heaven, the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvelous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song.But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses thelips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart so the rose's heart remained white.And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.And the marvelous rose became crimson. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as ruby was the heart.But the Nightingale's voice grew fainter and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The Red Rose heard it, and trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals in the cold morning air."Look, look!" cried the Tree, "the rose is finished now." But the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.。