全新主题大学英语2 U7 T

Unit Seven

The Power of Spirit

Section A

Invincible

PART I Background Information

1. September 11, 2001 attacks

On September 11, 2001, as is well known, 19 terrorists associated with an organization called Al Qaeda hijacked four commercial airplanes, and succeeded in crashing three of them into public buildings they had targeted — one into each of the two towers of the World Trade Center in New York, and one into the Pentagon near Washington, D.C. The World Trade Center towers were destroyed and the Pentagon was seriously damaged. Passengers on the fourth airplane sought to overpower the hijackers, and in so doing prevented that airplane from being similarly used, although it too crashed in a field in Pennsylvania, and all aboard were killed. In all, more than 3,000 people were killed in that day’s coordinated attacks. Americans were awestruck by the way New Yorkers pulled together in the face of the greatest disaster ever to hit their city. As a consequence of the September 11 attacks, the United State s’ President George W. Bush announced that fighting terrorism and preventing future attacks would be his administration’s top priority. The attacks also had an international impact, with many Western governments enacting tougher anti-terrorist legislation in response to the threat posed by Al-Qaeda and its affiliate organizations.

2. World Trade Center

The World Trade Center was a complex of seven buildings on 16-acres, constructed and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). The towers, One and Two World Trade Center, rose at the heart of the complex, each climbing more than 100 feet higher than the silver mast of the Empire State Building.

Its construction began in 1966 and cost an estimated $1.5 billion. When complete, the Center met with mixed reviews, but at 1,368 and 1,362 feet and 110 stories each, the twin towers were the world’s tallest, and largest, buildings until the Sears Tower surpassed them both in 1974. In only a few years, the distinctive image of the Twin Towers was a staple on New York postcards, T-shirts and advertisements. The buildings had evolved into a proud symbol of the city, securing their place as an American icon. The World Trade Center met its disaster in the terrorist attack on Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

3. Central Park

New York’s Central Park is the first urban landscaped park in the United States. Originally conceived in the salons of wealthy New Yorkers in the early 1850’s, the park project spanned more than a decade and cost the city ten million dollars. The huge park, 843 acres large, is located in the center of Manhattan. Its design is an example for city parks around the world. The purpose was to refute the European view that Americans lacked a sense of civic duty and appreciation for cultural refinement and instead possessed an unhealthy and individualistic materialism that precluded interest in the common good.

In the sixt ies and seventies the park’s maintenance entered a decline; despite its growing use for concerts and rallies, clean-up, planting, and general maintenance fell by the wayside. A 1976 evaluation by Columbia University found many parts of the park in sad disrepair, from the low stone wall which surrounded it to the drainage system that kept the transverses from flooding. During the early 1980s there was a massive attempt to involve New Yorkers in the upkeep of their beloved park. Still, the park boasts several lakes, theaters, ice rinks, fountains, tennis courts, baseball fields, many playgrounds and other facilities. It is also home to the Central Park Zoo and the Metropolitan museum of Art.

4. St. Vincent’s Hospital

St. Vincent Hospital was founded in 1893 by the Sisters of Providence as a small Catholic community based hospital overlooking the city from Vernon Hill. The hospital, opening with 12 beds, was named after the patron saint of the Sister’s order, St. Vincent de Paul. Immediately after its opening, increasing need prompted an expansion in bed capacity. Over the years, the hospital grew extensively in size and stature. In 1954, a full service acute care teaching hospital was opened at 25 Winthrop Street on the grounds of the former Crompton Estate.

In 1990, St. Vincent Healthcare System merged with the Fallon Healthcare System, creating the first vertically integrated healthcare delivery system in the area.

5. Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is a state located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States of America. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Canada to the north, and New Jersey to the east. Philadelphia is Pennsylvania’s largest city and is home to a major seaport and shipyards on the Delaware River.

6. White Plains

The City of White Plains is the county seat of Westchester County, New York. It is located in the south-central of Westchester, about 4 miles (6 km) east of the Hudson River and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northwest of Long Island Sound. The 2006 census estimate puts the city’s population at 57,081. White Plains is one of the edge cities that have developed outside of New York City.

7. Wordsworth

William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770～April 23, 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth’s masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, an autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded

a number o f times. Wordsworth was England’s Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.

8. New York-Presbyterian Hospital

New York-Presbyterian Hospital —based in New York City —is the nation’s largest non-for-profit, non-sectarian hospital, with 2,335 beds. With the merger of New York Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital in 1998, it was formed and became the core of an extensive healthcare network that includes 32 hospitals, six long-term facilities, 12 home healthcare agencies, three specialty institutes, 97 ambulatory care centers, and other support buildings. As one of the largest and most comprehensive health-care institutions in the world, the Hospital is committed to excellence in patient care, research, education, and community service.

9. Dutchess

Dutchess County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York, in the state’s Mid-Hudson

Region of the Hudson Valley. The 2000 census lists the population as 280,150, but the United States Census Bureau gives an estimate of 292,706 residents for the 12-month period ending July 1st, 2007. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. The county seat is Poughkeepsie.

PART II Language Study

1. invincible (title): a.too strong to be overcome or defeated不可战胜的；不能克服的

He thinks he is invincible because he has won this title for ten times.

他赢得这个称号已经有10次了，所以他认为自己是不可战胜的。

They had to agree with him because there was an invincible reasonableness in his arguments.

他们不得不同意他的观点，因为他的论据中有不能驳倒的合理成分。

2.On a warm late afternoon in New York City, Lauren Manning breezes through the door with a sunny smile to meet us, her husband, Greg, at her side. (Para. 1)

On a warm late afternoon in New York City, Lauren Manning passes through the door easily and lightly with a happy smile on her face to meet us, and her husband Greg is at her side. breeze:

vi.go somewhere in a confident way 自信地走路

She breezed along, smiling at everyone.

她步履轻盈，向大家微笑致意。

Helen breezed in about four o’clock after we had waited two hours for her.

我们等了海伦两个小时，4时左右她才飘然而至。

n.[C]

1) wind, esp. soft, gentle wind 微风

A faint breeze stirred tiny ripples on the surface of the water.

微风在水面上激起了阵阵涟漪。

I do enjoy the cool breeze that comes from the water. （搭配大辞典）

我真的很享受从水面上飘来的习习凉风。

2)something that is easy to do 非常容易的事情

Many students think that an open-book exam is a breeze. （搭配大辞典）

许多学生都认为开卷考试很容易。

It is a breeze for a young man to do 20 press-ups at a time. （搭配大辞典）

对一个年轻人来说做20个俯卧撑很轻松。

3. A white medical sleeve covers her left hand following a recent operation, but her outstretched right hand is beautifully manicured. “Oh, this was a big deal,” she says wit h enthusiasm. (Para. 1)

A white medical bandage covers her left hand because she just had a surgery recently, but her right hand that she stretched out is beautifully trimmed. “Oh, this manicure was really something unusual to me,” she said excitedly.

outstretched: a. spread out as far as possible 伸出的，伸展的

A little dog is eating several pieces of meat from her outstretched hand. （搭配大辞典）

一只小狗吃着放在她伸展开的手上的几片肉。

The student is drawing a big heart on her outstretched hand. （搭配大辞典）

一名学生正在自己伸开的手上画着一个大大的心形。

manicure:

vt.trim one’s hands carefully and neatly 给……修指甲

She has her nails manicured every two weeks.

她每两个星期修一次指甲。

I am not going to manicure my nails. Just save it as it is. (金山词霸)

我不打算修指甲。就让它这样吧。

n. [C]professional care for the hands and fingernails修指甲

I shall also like a manicure. (金山词霸)

我也想要修一下指甲。

Are you planning to get a manicure?

您打算修一下指甲吗？

A manicure i s necessary if you’d like to try nail enamel.

你要涂指甲油的话需要先修指甲。沪江小D

4. So this manicure was huge. A milestone. (Para. 1)

Therefore, this manicure meant a lot to Lauren. It was considered an important event. milestone: n. [C]

1)very important stage or event in the development of something 里程碑式的事件，重大事

件，转折点

The invention of the computer was a milestone in the history of man. (网络)

计算机的发明是人类历史上的一件大事。

The invention of the wheel was a milestone in the history of the world. (网络)

发明轮子是世界历史上的重大事件。

2) stone post at side of a road to show distances里程碑, 里程标

The old milestones along the railroad had fallen over. （搭配大辞典）

铁路沿线旧的里程碑都倒掉了。

We couldn’t see the milestones on the road towards Dalian in such a foggy day. （搭配大辞典）

在如此大雾的天气里，我们看不到路边标明通往大连的里程碑。

5. Burned over 82 percent of her body in the World Trade Center attack, she was given just a 15 percent chance of surviving. (Para. 2)

82 percent of her body was burnt in the World Trade Center attack; her chance of survival was only 15 percent.

Note: Burns are among the most excruciatingly painful physical injuries and are generally put into three categories, which are first, second and third degree burns. The burn category indicates the severity of the burn along with the amount of body area covered by the burn injury. Lauren’s burn injury belongs to the third degree, that is, the most serious burn injury.

6. “What’s great,” says Greg, “is that Lauren will be there. There was a time when we couldn’t be sure about this.” (Para. 3)

“What is important,” says Greg, “is that Lauren can attend the party and be with us. But there was a time we were not quite sure about this.”

7. Lauren still remembers lying in the brilliant sunshine on the green grass outside the World Trade Center in unspeakable pain —yet “seeing every blade of grass with razor precision,” she says. (Para. 4)

Lauren still remembers the time when she was lying in the brilliant sunshine on the green grass outside the World Trade Center after the disaster with pain that is beyond description. Yet, she

could still see every piece of grass very clearly.

unspeakable: a. that cannot be described in words 说不出的，难以用言语表达的

She is not a beauty at all, but she has an unspeakable charm.

她根本不算是一个美人，但是她有一种说不出来的魅力。

She suffered unspeakable trouble while she considered all these questions.

她在考虑这一切问题时，心中有说不出的烦恼。

precision:

n.[U] quality of being exact, accurate and careful 准确（性）

She doesn’t express her thoughts with precision. (张道真)

她没有准确地表达自己的想法。

Don’t take that information seriously because it lacks precision. （搭配大辞典）

别把那信息当回事儿，因为它缺少准确性。

Any lack of precision in the contract could give rise to a dispute.

合同中任何不确切的表述都可能引起争端。牛津搭配

Chimps are able to manipulate objects with a high degree of precision.

黑猩猩能够非常准确地操控物品。牛津搭配

a. (only before noun) very exact and accurate 精确的，精密的

These precision machines they give us look like toys. (网络)

他们给我们的这些精密机器看起来像玩具。

Precision instruments are used to help pilots in guiding their aircraft. （张道真）

精密仪器帮助飞行员们驾驶飞机。

8. Walking into the north tower, unaware that a plane had struck, she had been engulfed by

a fireball as jet fuel poured down an elevator shaft and exploded. （Para. 4）

When she walked into the north building, she didn’t know that it had been hit by a plane. Big flames were all around her as jet fuel poured down an elevator shaft and exploded.

unaware: a. not noticing or realizing what is happening 未意识到的，不知道的

Until that moment, I was unaware that I was holding the knife.

直到那时我才意识到自己握着那把刀。朗文高阶

The young man is still standing there and seems unaware of the trouble he’s causing.

年轻人还站在那里，似乎还未意识到他正在惹麻烦。同上

strike:

vt.hit somebody or something hard or with force碰撞，撞击

The ship struck an iceberg, which made a big hole in her bow.

船撞到了冰山上，把船头撞了个大洞。

The young man fell from his bike and struck his head on the ground.

年轻人从自行车上摔下来，头撞到了地上。麦克米伦

v. make a sudden violent or illegal attack on someone or something 突然袭击

Our troops struck the enemy camp at night.

我们的部队在夜间袭击了敌营。席玉虎

The German army struck deep into northern France in the Second World War.

第二次世界大战期间德国军队深入法国北方实施打击。牛津搭配

n. [C] period of time when an organized group of employees refuse to work as a protest 罢工或罢课、罢市

He made several attempts to settle the miners’ strike.

他好几次试图解决矿工罢工问题。

The students of our university have already ended their three-day strike.

我们大学的学生们已经结束了他们为期三天的罢课。张柏然

The angry employees have been on strike against the company for a week.

愤怒的员工们罢工抗议公司已有一个星期了。张柏然

engulf: vt. cover or surround something in a way that harms or destroys it 淹没，吞没；使陷入Many people died in the landslide that engulfed the old factory.

许多人死于吞没旧工厂的滑坡中。麦克米伦

Within minutes, the village was engulfed in flames and all the farmers became homeless.

几分钟内，村庄就被吞没在火海中，所有的村民们都无家可归了。英汉大词典

9. On her back in the midst of the horror, debris raining down around her, Lauren made the decision to live — for Greg and for Tyler, then 10 months old. (Para. 4)

Lying on her back while the pieces of broken bricks and stones of the building fell all around her, Lauren decided to struggle for survival for Greg and for her son Tyler, who was only 10-month old.

in the midst of: among; in the middle of 在……的中间；在……的期间

We rode into the midst of the forest and found many strange plants. （张道真）

我们策马进入林中，发现了许多奇怪的植物。

They departed in the midst of a heavy rain and never saw each other again. （张道真）

他们在大雨中分别，再也没相见。

horror: n.

1) [C/U] feeling of great shock, fear or disgust 憎恨，害怕，恐惧

Some girls have a horror of spiders. (搭配大辞典)

有些女孩害怕蜘蛛。

The papers are full of murders and horrors of every sort. (搭配大辞典)

报纸上充满了凶杀和各种使人感到恐怖的报道。

Millions of people watched in horror as the disaster unfolded on TV.

当这场灾难展现在电视中时，亿万人惊恐地观看着。麦克米伦

2) [C] type of book, film, etc. that is designed to frighten people 恐怖小说；恐怖片

a horror movie 恐怖电影

a horror story 恐怖故事

In this section you’ll find horror and science fiction.

你可以在这部分找恐怖和科幻小说。牛津高阶

debris: n. [U] pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc. that are left after something has been destroyed （尤指被毁物的）碎片，瓦砾，残骸

The tank exploded, scattering debris all over the field.

坦克爆炸了，田地里到处都散落着碎片残骸。牛津搭配

A landslide brings down tons of debris and destroyed several small villages.

山崩挟带下的大量碎岩石摧毁了几个小山村。沪江小D

The car was buried in the debris which the landslide had swept down the hill.

汽车被埋在山体滑坡时冲下来的山石瓦砾中。

10. Greg had watched the towers burning from the balcony of their apartment and was

certain his wife was dead. (Para. 5)

Greg had watched the towers burning from the balcony of their apartment and was quite sure

that his wife couldn’t survive the disaster.

11. When he found her la ter that morning at St. Vincent’s Hospital, he told her she would be

fine and prayed that she would. （Para. 5）

When he found her at St. Vincent’s Hospital later that morning, he assured her that she would be OK and prayed to God that she would recover.

pray:

vi. speak to God, esp. to give thanks or ask for help 祈祷，祷告

We hope and pray that our best friend will come back in October.

我们希望并祈祷我们最好的朋友十月份能够回来。剑桥国际

We pray to God to help us and we pray that wars may cease. （张道真）

我们祈祷上帝来帮助我们, 我们祈祷战争能够停止。

He thought if he prayed hard enough God might eventually listen.

他想如果自己确实真心实意祈祷的话上帝或许会听的。牛津搭配

Sometimes people pray silently by thinking the words but not actually saying them.

有时人们默想着祈祷的话而不说出来。剑桥国际

vt. ask earnestly 恳求

I pray you to be careful with your job. （搭配大辞典）

我恳求你工作认真些。

The mother prayed her son to think again. （搭配大辞典）

母亲恳求儿子再考虑考虑。

12. During the next few months he wrote a collection of heartbreaking e-mails to family and

friends documenting her day-to-day battle. (Para. 5)

During the next few months, he wrote many touching e-mails to family members and friends, telling them the story of her daily struggle to live on.

heartbreaking: a. overwhelmingly distressed 极度悲伤，令人心碎的

The heartbreaking news made them sleepless the whole night. （网络）

这个令人心碎的消息使他们彻夜无眠。

They all cried after they heard the heartbreaking story of the girl from the poor area.

听完贫困地区女孩的悲伤故事后，他们都哭了。

document:

vt. 1)record the details of something 用文件记载

His biography documented his life story in great details.

他的传记详细记载了他的生平。

He won a prize for documenting the horrors of war in different African countries.

他因对非洲诸国的战争惨状作了纪实性的报道而获奖。

These incidents are the first documented cases of shark attacks on bathers in Australia.

这些事件是首次见诸于纪实报导的关于澳大利亚有鲨鱼攻击游泳者的实例。柯林斯

2) prove or support something with documents 用文件等证明

Can you document your theory with facts?

你能用事实证明你的理论吗？

He documented the whole case very well.

他为整个案件提供了充分的文件资料。

n. [C] official paper or book that gives information about something or that can be used as evidence or proof of something 文件；档案；文献

This document entitles him to a share of the inheritance. （搭配大辞典）

这份文件使他有权分享遗产。

He has promised to post a formal offer document to shareholders by Monday.

他答应周一之前给股东寄发正式的要约文件。牛津搭配

T his statement must be understood in the context of the entire document.

这个说法必须放在整个文件当中去理解。牛津搭配

One of the documents leaked to the press was a memorandum written by the head of the security police.

透露给报界的文件中有一份是秘密警察局长写的备忘录。牛津高阶

13. They were compiled in a bestselling book, Love, Greg & Lauren, which has been issued in

paperback. (Para. 5)

These e-mails were put together and published, named Love, Greg & Lauren. It was published in paperback, and it sells very well.

14. As she told a convention of occupational therapists in Pennsylvania several months ago, “As injured as I was, it was almost impossible to imagine I would ever regain meaningful function.” (Para. 6)

As she talked with a group of professional therapists at a meeting held in Pennsylvania a few months ago, she said she could hardly believe she would ever get back the normal function of her body, for she was so seriously injured.

convention: n.

1) [C] large meeting of the members of a profession, a political party, etc. 正式会议，定期会议

a teachers’ convention 教师代表大会

The party will hold its annual convention early this month in a small town.

该党将在月初在一个小镇召开年度大会。牛津搭配

A constitutional convention was elected to try to agree on a new form of government.

选举产生了制宪会议，以努力就新的政体形式达成一致。牛津搭配

2) [U] widely accepted or established view of what is thought to be proper behavior, good taste,

etc.（对社会行为准则等的）约定俗成的认可

Convention now allows women to work in nearly every profession.

现在的习俗允许妇女在几乎所有的行业中工作。

In a surprising break with convention, she wore a blue wedding dress.

她打破习俗，出人意料地穿了件蓝色的新娘礼服。牛津搭配

The novel refuses to conform to the narrative conventions of 19th century realism.

这部小说拒绝迎合19世纪现实主义小说的叙述套路。牛津搭配

occupational：a. connected with a person’s job or profession职业的，与职业相关的

Skin disorders are common occupational diseases among factory workers. （网络）

皮肤病是工人中常见的职业病。

Explosions, though infrequent, are an occupational hazard for coal-miners. （网络）

矿井爆炸虽然不常发生，但却是煤矿工人的职业危险。

regain: vt. get back something you no long have, esp. an ability or a quality 收回；收复；恢复I hope our national team would regain its glories. （网络）

希望我们国家队能重现往日的辉煌。

Our football team is struggling to regain last season’s form.

我们的足球队正竭尽全力争取恢复到上一赛季的状态。牛津搭配

The young man was determined to regain what his father had lost.

年轻人决心重新取回他父亲失去的东西。牛津搭配

15. “I wanted my life back. I wanted to dial the phone, drive the car, swing a golf club, all the things I’d taken for granted before. Most of all, I wanted to be able to pick up and hold my son.” (Para. 6)

I wanted to live the life I used to live. I wanted to be able to make phone calls, drive the car, and play golf, all the things that I used to do with ease. The most important thing I wanted to do was to pick up and hold my son.

swing:

v. 1)move backwards or forwards or from side to side 挥动，摇晃

He swung the axe and with one blow split open the door. (网络)

他挥动斧头，一下子就把门劈开了。

He swung his left fist and shouted at us angrily. （网络）

他挥舞着左拳，生气地对我们大声喊叫。

Mrs. Smith swung at the youth with her umbrella.

史密斯太太抡起雨伞要打这位年轻人。

2) move back and forth 自由摆动

A restaurant sign swung to and fro in the wind.

餐馆的招牌在风中不停地摇摆着。

Mary herself sat on the edge of the bed with her legs swinging free.

玛丽本人则坐在床边，两腿随意地晃来晃去。

n. [C]

1) act, motion, or extent of swinging 摆动，晃动

The swing of the ship made everyone seasick.

船的晃动使每个人都晕船了。

It takes just one swing of the bat to hit a home run.

只挥动一下球杆就打出一个全垒打。

2) seat slung by ropes etc. for swinging on or in 秋千

There are swings in the park for the children.

公园里有为孩子们准备的秋千。

The parents didn’t allow their three-year-old boy to have a swing alone.

这对父母不允许他们三岁的孩子单独荡秋千。

club: n. [C]

1) stick or bat used to strike the ball in various sports, esp. golf 棍棒，高尔夫球棒

He used the branch as a club to kill the snake.

他用树枝做棒子，打死了那条蛇。

The mother asked her son to stop brandishing clubs.

母亲要求儿子不要再挥舞棍棒。

2) group of people who meet together regularly, for a particular activity, sport, etc. 联谊会，俱

乐部

There are sporting clubs of various kinds in the city.

该市有各种各样的运动俱乐部。

Anyone who can speak English is eligible to join the club.

任何会讲英语的人都有资格参加这个俱乐部。

vt.beat with or as if with a stick 用棍棒打

The victim was clubbed to death with a baseball bat.

受害者被人用棒球棒殴打致死。

The hikers clubbed that big snake to death with their walking sticks.

徒步旅行者们用拐杖打死了那条大蛇。

pick up: take and lift upward 拿起来，提起来

When class was over, the student picked up his schoolbag and went out.

下课后学生拿起书包走了出去。

The saleslady picked up the dictionary and gave it to that pretty girl.

女售货员拿起字典递给那个漂亮的女孩。

16. The milestones — sitting up, standing, taking a step — accumulated. (Para. 7)

Great changes took place and added up in her recovery. At first she can sit up, then stand and walk.

accumulate:

vi. gather or collect in an increasing quantity; amass增长，增加, 聚积

Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.

哪里物欲横流，哪里的人们就腐败。

Dust soon accumulated if the rooms are not swept.

如果不打扫房间，灰尘就会很快积起来。

If you don’t sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on accumulating.

如果你不定期整理你桌上的文件的话，它们就会越积越多。

vt. acquire an increasing number or quantity of 积累；积攒；聚积

They accumulated a great mass of data.

他们积累了大量的数据。

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.

当人们积累了更多财富时，往往会将更多的收入用于消费。

The company said that debt was accumulated during its acquisition of nine individual businesses.

公司说在兼并9家个体企业期间债务越来越多。

17. Lauren walked on her own out of the Burn Center to continue her treatment at Burke

Rehabilitation Center in suburban White Plains (Para.7)

Lauren walked out of the Burn Center without any help and continued her recovery at Burke Rehabilitation Center in suburban White Plains.

on one’s own: do something without any help from other people 独立地；依靠自己的

S ometimes a small country cannot survive on its own.

有时候小国靠自己的力量无法生存。

It is impossible for the girl to move that heavy box on her own.

那个女孩一个人想搬动那只沉重的箱子是不可能的。

He passed the examination even though he studied these subjects on his own.

尽管这些课程是自学的，他还是通过了考试。

18. At Burke, Lauren began a rigorous regimen of physical and occupational therapy. (Para.

7)

At Burke, Lauren began a strict treatment program, which includes both physical exercises and

some special activities to help her recover.

rigorous:a.

1) demanding strict attention to rules and procedures 严格的；严厉的，严酷的

Everyone understands the rule that the planes have to undergo rigorous safety checks.

飞机必须经过严格的安全检察，对此规定每个人都比较理解。

Active youth is subjected to rigorous discipline otherwise they may make trouble.

活泼的年轻人须受到严格的纪律约束，否则他们有可能惹麻烦。

2) allowing no deviation from a standard严密的

He was chosen to be the group leader because he was always rigorous in doing his job.

因为他工作向来一丝不苟，所以他被选为小组长。

He made a rigorous study of the local market and wrote an important paper.

他对当地的市场进行了一次缜密的研究，写出了一篇重要的论文。

Note:Occupational Therapy, often abbreviated OT, is the “use of productive or creative activity in the treatment or rehabilitation of physically, cognitively, or emotionally disabled people”(American Heritage Dictionary). Occupational Therapists work with a variety of individuals who have difficulty accessing or performing meaningful occupations. Perhaps the simplest definition is that “Occupational Therapy is a ctivity analysis and adaptation”. Most commonly, Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Assistants work with people with disabilities to enable them to maximize their skills and abilities. Occupational Therapy gives people the “skills for the j ob of living” necessary for “living life to its fullest.”

19. “There would be good days and bad days, breakthroughs and days when I’d feel like I

couldn’t do anything,” Lauren says, looking back. (Para. 8)

Lauren recalls her treatment days and says: “There were good days and bad days, some days when big progress was made, and other days when I felt that I could do nothing and was very frustrated.”

breakthrough: n. [C] making an important discovery 突破性进展（发现）

Scientists haven’t made a breakthrough in their treatment of lung cancer.

科学家在治疗肺癌方面还没有取得突破性的进展。

He worked very hard and made an important discovery, which was considered a major breakthrough in that field.

他勤奋地工作，有了重要的发现。这个发现被认为是那个领域的一个突破性进展。

look back: turn one’s thoughts to (something past) 回想（往事）

Looking back, I had nothing to regret.

回忆过去，我没什么可后悔的。

I like to look back on my high-school days, which were the happiest times in my life.

我喜欢回忆我的高中生活，那是我一生中最幸福的时光。

20. “I still remember the first stretching of my fingers when almost every movement brought

intense pain.” (Para. 8)

“I still remember the first time I stretched my fingers. Every single movement of my fingers would cause huge pain.”

intense: a.

1) of extreme force, strength, degree, or amount 强烈的；剧烈的；有力的；极度的

Even in its planning stages there was intense opposition to the project. BNC

甚至在计划阶段，这个项目就遭到了强烈的反对。

John felt the wind whipping around him, felt the chill grow more intense. BNC

约翰感觉到风在自己周围肆虐，感觉到更加寒冷了。

In the summer of 1873 there was an unseasonal heat wave in the valley; so intense that it shriveled the grapes in every vineyard. BNC

在1873年的夏天，山谷中一段不合时令的酷热期是如此的强烈，使得所有葡萄园的葡萄都蔫了。

2) characterized by deep or forceful feelings 情感强烈的

The old man’s friends are all intense young people. （张道真）

这位老人的朋友都是情感强烈的年轻人。

It is clearly stated in the advertisement that an intense person is not suitable for this job.

（网络）

广告上清楚地说明感情丰富的人不适合这个工作。

21. As she moved through the exercise and therapy sessions, tears would well up in her eyes

(Para. 8)

As she went through the recovering activities and the treatment program, tears would come to her eyes because of the intense pain brought by doing the exercise.

session: n. [C]

1) period of time that is spent doing a particular activity （从事某项活动的）一段时间

There is always a dancing session at the end of the party. (搭配大辞典)

晚会要结束时总会有一段跳舞时间。

The 21-year-old runner twisted his ankle in a training session last Friday.

上星期五，21岁的跑步运动员在训练时把脚踝给扭了。剑桥国际

As the European heads of state gathered the press were allowed in for a photo session.

当欧洲国家首脑都聚在一起时，新闻记者被允许在摄影时间进入会场。剑桥国际

2)single continuous meeting of a court, legislature, judicial body, etc. （大会的）一次会议；

一次开庭

I attended the first session of the conference. （搭配大辞典）

我参加了大会的第一次会议。

The first session of the Conference of Paris was held on January 18, 1919. (张道真)

巴黎和会的第一次会议是在1919年1月18日召开的。

3)period during which these are regularly held 开会期；开庭期

The autumn session of Parliament begins in October. (张道真)

议会的秋季会期将在十月开始。

During the sessions of the convention, we are not allowed to go out. (张道真)

在开会期间，我们不允许出去。

Tourists can visit this famous building because the House is not in session during the summer months.

旅游者们可以参观这个著名的建筑，因为下议院在夏季几个月内休会。剑桥国际well: vi. rise to the surface of something涌上，涌出

She was so angry that the tears welled up. (张道真)

她气得眼泪都要出来了。

Tears welled up in the old man’s eyes and he gently brushed them aside.

眼泪涌上了老人的眼眶，他用手轻轻地将泪水抹掉。柯林斯

Tears were welling up in her eyes when she saw the family album.

当她看到家庭相册时，不禁热泪盈眶。牛津高阶

Hate welled up inside him as he thought of the two of them together.

他一想到他们俩在一起就恨得咬牙切齿。牛津高阶

22. Lauren has now had more than 20 surgeries, seven in 2003 alone — complex skin grafts,

scar revisions — with more still to come. （Para. 9）

Lauren has now had more than 20 important operations. There were seven in the year 2003 alone. Many of them were difficult operations such as skin grafts, and scar revisions. She will have more operations in the future.

graft: n. [C] piece of living tissue, organ transplanted surgically 移植（活的组织）；移植物

The skin graft was rejected. (网络)

移植的皮肤引起了排拒反应。

Doctors are hoping to do a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.

医生希望进行接骨手术来修复受损的骨骼。牛津搭配

The operation of a skin graft on the burnt leg was very successful.

烧伤腿上的皮肤移植手术很成功。张道真用法

If the skin graft takes, then surgeons will do another operation a few weeks later.

如果皮肤移植成功，几周后外科医生就会施行另一项手术。牛津搭配

scar: n.[C]

1)mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed（通常永久性的）疤；伤疤

The cut left a permanent scar on the soldier’s right arm.

伤口在这个士兵的右臂上留下了永久的疤痕。牛津搭配

She doesn’t know any of their names, but she remembers one of them had a long scar running right up his hand. BNC

她不知道他们的名字，但记得其中的一个人手背上有一条长长的伤疤。

He took her hand and felt the scar on her thumb, legacy of an accident with a kitchen knife in the early days of their marriage. BNC

他拉起她的手，触摸到了大拇指上的疤痕。这是他们刚结婚不久在厨房干活时留下的。

2)permanent change in a person’s character resulting from emotional distress（忧伤等引起的）

精神创伤

Her unhappy marriage left a scar on her mind.

她的不幸婚姻在她的心里留下了创伤。（张道真）

The scars of poverty have undoubtedly left their mark on the mind of the little boy.

贫穷的创伤无疑已经在小男孩的心里留下了印记。剑桥国际

23. To get through each day, she has needed 24-hour assistance from two women who work

in 12-hour shifts. Just getting dressed is daunting for her. （Para. 9）

Each day she needed 24 hours continual help from others. Two women, who work for a period of 12 hours each, help her. Even getting dressed is a difficult challenge for her.

get through:

1) manage to deal with a difficult situation 度过（难关）

His Sundays were difficult to get through. (张道真)

他的星期天都很难度过。

I don’t know how those flood victims get through the cold winter. (张道真)

我不知道那些灾民是如何度过这个寒冷的冬天的。

2) finish a task completely 做完，看完

I finally got through this homework assignment. (张道真)

我终于做完作业了。

It is difficult to get through this amount of work in such a short time.

很难在这么短的时间内干完这么多的工作。剑桥国际

The performers tried to get through the whole play in two hours and half.

演员们尽力想在两个半小时内演完整出戏。剑桥国际

3) succeed in reaching a real or abstract destination after overcoming problems 成功，通过

（考试）

Our team got through to the last part of the competition. （搭配大辞典）

我们队进入了最后一轮比赛。

I got through everything except biology. (张道真)

我除了生物学以外，其他考试都过了。

daunting: a. frightening in a way that makes you less confident（使人）气馁的

The tests before the United States as it heads toward the twenty-first century are certainly daunting.

美国迈向21世纪所面临的考验肯定是严峻异常。

For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.

对于缺乏适当训练、技术和扶持的人来说，这个新世界也许是可怕的。

At the beginning, just taking notes on lectures and finishing the reading on time were daunting challenges.

开始时就连听课时记笔记和按时完成阅读都是令人望而生畏的挑战.

24. In August 2003, to her relief, the required time was cut in half; now she wears the garments for 12 hours at night. “Oh, freedom!” she exclaims.(Para. 10)

In August 2003, the amount of treatment time was cut in half, which made her very happy. Now she wears the treatment dress for only 12 hours and she cries out happily that she is free. garment: n. [C]piece of clothing （一件）衣服

Why did you leave these garments on the floor?

你为什么把这些衣服放在地板上？

This garment should be washed carefully.

这件衣服应该小心地洗涤。

Master the art of knitting and you can shape your garment as you knit.

掌握了针织技术，你就可以边织边调整衣服的样子。

The completed garment will be more successful if the right type of stitch is selected.

如果选对了合适的针法，成衣会更完美。

exclaim: vi. cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise, etc. 大声喊叫

Someone exclaimed in the room at night when he saw the snake.

晚上有人看到蛇后在房间里突然大叫起来。

They exclaimed with one voice when they heard the news.

当他们听到这个消息后齐声呼喊起来。

His girlfriend exclaimed with delight at the sight of the presents.

他的女朋友看到礼物时高兴地叫了起来。

A few girls were standing in front of shop windows exclaiming over the beautiful clothes.

几个女孩子站在商店橱窗前对着漂亮的衣服惊叹。

25. Lauren hasn’t been back to the office to visit—“It’s not the time yet,” she says. She did speak at the firm’s Central Park memorial on the anniversary of 9/11. (Para. 11)

She hasn’t been back to visit her office yet —“It’s not the right time yet,” she says. But she did attend and speak at the firm’s Central Park memorial on the anniversary of 9/11.

memorial:

n. activity, object, etc. serving to preserve the memory of the dead or a past event纪念仪式；纪念物

Memorial of Zunyi Meeting 遵义会议纪念馆

Lin Zexu Memorial in Fuzhou福州市林则徐纪念馆

The church service is a memorial to those killed in the war.

教堂的礼拜仪式是为纪念死于战争中的人而举行的。

Horace made his collection of letters a memorial of eighteenth-century life.

贺拉斯使他的书信集成了对18世纪生活的纪念物。

The prime minister today unveiled a memorial to those who died in the disaster.

首相今天为灾难遇难者纪念碑揭了幕。

a. created or done to remember somebody who has died 纪念的，追悼的

Over 100 people attended the memorial rites.

一百多人出席了纪念仪式。

A few days later a memorial service will be held in Beijing.

几天后将在北京举行追悼会。

anniversary: n. [C]

1) date on which an event occurred in some previous year周年纪念日

Oct. 1, 2008 marked the 20th anniversary of her arrival in America.

2008年10月1日是她来美国的20周年纪念日。

We were married on Sept. 22, 1988, so every year we have a party on our anniversary.

我们是1988年9月22日结婚的，因此我们每年在结婚周年纪念日都要办一个聚会。

2)celebration of this周年纪念

The university is going to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its founding.

这所大学将举行建校50周年校庆。

We celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

我们庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年。

26. She asked families and friends to clap instead of standing for a moment of prayer. “I

want to clap until my arms ache,” she told them, “to make so much noise that God can hear us...” The applause was thunderous. (Para. 11)

She asked families and friends to make loud applause instead of standing there to pray. “I want to clap my hands until my arms ache,” she told them, “ I want our clapping sound to be so loud that God can even hear us …” The audience’s applause was like thunder.

clap: v. applaud (someone or something) by striking the palms of the hands together sharply （用手）拍，击掌

The nursery teacher clapped he r hands to attract the children’s attention.

幼儿园的教师拍拍手, 要孩子们注意。席玉虎

The audience clapped enthusiastically and called for more.

观众们热烈鼓掌要求再来一个。席玉虎

n. [C]

1) (sing.) sharp abrupt sound produced by striking the hands together 鼓掌，拍手

Spontaneously they began a clap and presently the platform was loud with applause.

他们自发地开始鼓掌，顷刻之间站台上掌声雷动。剑桥国际

At the end of the speech, the audience gave the famous speaker a clap for her wonderful performance.

演讲结束后，大家都为著名演说家精彩的表现而鼓掌。麦

2) lightly hit someone’s back, usu. in a friendly way 轻拍（某人的）后背等

He gave me a clap on the back during the meeting in the auditorium.

在礼堂开会时他轻轻拍了我后背一下。搭配大辞典

I received a sudden clap on the shoulder when I was on the way home.

在回家的路上有人突然拍了我一下肩膀。搭配大辞典

3) sudden sharp sound, esp. of thunder 砰然巨响

When the bell rang, the teacher shut his book with a clap. （搭配大辞典）

下课的铃声一响，老师砰的一声合上书。

Suddenly we nearly jumped out of our skins as there was an incredible clap of thunder.

突然一声难以置信的霹雳，吓得我们几乎魂飞魄散。BNC

thunderous: a. resembling thunder, esp. in loudness雷鸣似的，打雷般的

The audience broke out into thunderous cheers. (现代英汉词典)

全场欢声雷动。

As soon as he finished his speech, thunderous applause broke out. (现代英汉词典)

他刚讲完话，便响起了雷鸣般的掌声。

27. She also quoted from a favorite Wordsworth poem that comforts her: “We will grieve not, rather find strength in what remains...” (Para. 11)

She also used her favorite Wordsworth poem that comforts her. “We will not feel sad and lose our hearts when facing difficulties; instead, we must pull ourselves together and be strong…”grieve:

v. (cause to) feel great sorrow or distress, esp. at the death of someone （使）悲痛，（使）伤心

It truly grieves her to see her boyfriend change.

看到男朋友变了，她确实很伤心。

He was truly grieved, for the results were too disappointing.

他确实很伤心，因为结果太令人失望了。

It grieves the teacher to see his students wasting their time and money.

看见自己的学生浪费时间和金钱，老师十分痛心。

It is no good grieving over things that can’t be helped.

为无法避免的事情悲伤是没有用的。

The little girl grieved over her kitten’s death and refused to eat.

那小女孩为她小猫的死而伤心并且拒绝吃饭。

She is grieving greatly about the death of her daughter who was only five years old.

她为年仅五岁女儿的死而非常悲伤。

People around the world who love peace also grieve for the loss of civilian life in Iraq.

世界上热爱和平的人们也为伊拉克平民的伤亡而悲痛。

28. Several days a week, she spends hours with therapists at New York-Presbyterian

Hospital working on gym equipment and computer-controlled resistance machines.

Other times, she works out at home or at a neighborhood gym. (Para. 12)

Several days a week, she works on gym equipment and special machines controlled by computers for a few hours at New York-Presbyterian Hospital with a physical trainer. She also does physical exercise at home or at a gym nearby.

work out:

1) engage in physical exercise or training 训练；锻炼（身体）

Many people are not very healthy because they are too busy to work out.

许多人身体不健康，因为他们太忙而没有时间锻炼。

Their manager keeps fit by working out for one hour every morning.

他们的经理每天晨练一小时保持身体健康。

He and his teammates have been working out at the gym the whole afternoon.

他和队友整整一个下午都在体育馆里训练。

2)come up with 想出，制定

They have worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to Mars.

他们已经设计出一种向火星发射宇宙飞船的方法。

The secretary will work out detailed arrangements.

秘书会做出详细安排的。

We have been trying to work out the best method to solve this difficult problem.

我们一直试图想出解决这个难题的最好的办法。张柏然

3) make a mathematical calculation or computation 解题

I cannot work out this mathematical problem. （搭配大辞典）

我算不出这道数学题。

It took students two hours to work out this difficult calculation. （搭配大辞典）

学生们花了两个小时的时间才解出这道计算难题。

It is too complicated to work out how much each of us ate. Let’s go fifty-fifty.

要算出咱俩每人吃多少太麻烦。咱们平摊吧。张柏然

29. Greg remains awed by Lauren’s efforts. “She does almost everything she has to do. And

now we’re seeing results.” (Para. 13)

Greg feels great admiration for Lauren’s hard work. “She does almost everything she must do.

Now we are very happy to see the results of her efforts.”

awe:

vt. fill somebody with fear and respect 使敬畏

The children were awed into silence by the school-master.

孩子们被校长吓得不敢做声。

I was awed by his solemn words.

他那番严肃的话令我又惊又怕。

The middle school students seemed awed by the presence of so many famous people.

见到这么多名人出席，似乎令这些中学生们惊叹不已。

n. [U] feeling of great respect and admiration, often combined with fear 敬畏

The lazy boy stood in awe of his stern teacher.

这个懒惰的孩子对他的严厉的老师很惧怕。

He had a feeling of awe as he was taken before the judge.

当他被带到法官面前时，他有一种畏惧感。

He held priests in awe, and could not bring himself to confess his sins to them.

神父们使他望而生畏，鼓不起勇气来向他们忏悔罪行。

30. “He is a great powerful human being. He may forget the garbage and his office is more

than a mess — b ut where it counts, he delivers.” (Para. 13)

“He is a great man with strong power. Sometimes he may forget to take the garbage out or leaves his office messy, but anytime I need him, he is there for me.”

31. Their progress to what Greg calls “the normal stuff of life” is steady. (Para. 14)

They are making steady progress toward the normal life that Greg defines.

stuff: n. [U]

1) substance or things not needing to be specified 不必详列的物质（或东西）

Their attic is full of old stuff.

他们的阁楼上堆满了破旧东西。

What shall I do with all this stuff from the cupboard?

对于壁柜里这些东西我该怎么办呢？

2) material; fabric 材料；物料

Many shoes nowadays are made of plastic or similar stuff.

现如今许多鞋子是由塑料或类似的材料做的。

What kind of stuff do they use to make that blanket?

他们用什么材料做那样的毯子？

vt. 1) fill a space or container with something 塞入，塞进

He stuffed his necessaries into a small bag.

他把日用品塞进一个小包里。

The student stuffed the textbooks back into his schoolbag.

这个学生把教材又塞回到书包里。

The boy stuffed the letter through the door and ran away quickly.

小男孩匆匆把信往门缝里一塞就赶快跑掉了。

2 ) fill a vegetable, chicken, etc. with another type of food 在（蔬菜、鸡等）里面填入（另

外一种食物）；给……装馅

The cook stuffed the chicken with minced meat.

厨师在鸡的肚子里放进肉馅。

The cook stuffed the turkey before cooking it.

厨师在做火鸡之前把各种调料都放进去。

3) (pass.) fill the dead body of an animal with material and preserve it, so that it keeps its

original shape and appearance 制作标本

There was a stuffed cat in the glass case.

玻璃箱里有一只猫的标本。

We can see many stuffed animals in this museum.

在这个博物馆里我们能看到许多动物标本。

32. There are, increasingly, the happy moments when they forget what they’ve been through. (Para. 14)

There are more happy moments in their life when they forget the pains and sufferings they have experienced.

through: prep.experience ( a hard time, etc.) 经历（困难时期等）

We have been through too much trouble. (张道真)

我们经历的麻烦可太多了。

This is not the worst we have ever been through by any means.

这件事怎么说都不能算是我们曾经历的最糟糕的事情。

I have been through some terrible things in my life, some of which actually happened.

我一生中经历了一些可怕的事情，其中有一些确实发生了。

33. Lauren’s eyes briefly mist. “It was just such normal joy,” she says. (Para. 15)

Tears come into Lauren’s eyes. “It is just the ordinary joy of simple life that I enjoy.” she says. mist:

v.become covered with small drops of water, or to cover something with small drops of water 被雾覆盖，使模糊

The mother’s eyes misted when she saw her son.

看到儿子，母亲泪眼模糊。

Hearing such a sad story, students’ eyes misted.

听到如此悲伤的故事，学生的眼睛湿润了。

The windows of the classroom misted over when it was cold outside.

外面冷了，教室的窗户上都蒙上了一层雾气。

n. [C/U]thin fog with condensation near the ground薄雾

We found it was very hard to make out the path in the mist at dawn.

我们发现天刚亮时在雾中很难辨认出小路来。

In the morning when the mist comes down it comes quickly and covers everything.

早上雾气向下弥漫时速度很快，瞬间就把一切都遮住了。

There was a swirling mist, damp and bitterly cold, the kind the island specialized in.

空中漂着旋涡般的雾，湿气沾衣，寒气逼人，这是岛上特有的气候。

The night was dark and frosty and a thick mist hung over the rugged snow-laden hills of the Ardennes Forest.

这天晚上天很黑，有霜冻，阿登斯森林附近崎岖的群山上覆盖着大雪，浓雾笼罩其上。

34. “Lauren and Tyler have a fabulous relationship,” he says. (Para. 16)

“Lauren and Tyler have an extremely good relationship.” he says.

fabulous: a.

1) (infml.) extremely good极好的，绝妙的

That was a fabulous dinner and everybody had a wonderful time at the party.

那顿晚餐棒极了,每个人在聚会上都玩得非常开心。

Students had a fabulous holiday by going to a summer resort with their teachers.

学生们和老师去了避暑胜地游玩，度过了一个非常愉快的假期。

2) hard to believe不可相信的，难以置信的

That poor man actually had fabulous wealth in the bank.

这个穷人其实在银行拥有巨额的财富。

We need to have the fabulous endurance of a marathon runner. （网络）

我们应该具有马拉松选手那种极强的耐力。

35. “We’ll tell him what he needs to know. What he knows right now is that his mom is here.

That’s enough.” (Para. 16)

“We will tell him what he is supposed to know. At present, he knows that his mom is here for him and that is enough”.

PART III Guided Writing

Developing an Expository Paragraph: Definition

●What Is Definition?

Definition is writing that explains what a word or term means. The word “define”comes from de and finire in Latin. Finire means “to limit or end,” which itself comes from finis, meaning “boundary.”To define is therefore to establish limits, to mark boundaries, or to draw outlines. Definition is important when the understanding of the meaning of a single term affects the understanding of a whole piece of writing.

Having a clear understanding of what a word or term means can avoid confusion and mistakes. Some words, like table, book, tree, have definite, concrete meanings. Such words are often defined in just a few carefully chosen words in a dictionary and you can depend on the dictionary definition for their meanings. However, other words, like love, courage, or beautiful, are different. Although these words are defined in a dictionary, their definitions are incomplete because they are often used outside the boundaries of a strict dictionary definition. They depend more on a person’s point of view. They need to be carefully explained, or they could be misunderstood. To see this, consider the uses of the word love in the following examples.

- Julie loves Tom; they plan to marry this month.

- There is a popular television advertisement for New York State that declares, “I love New York.” - Bumper stickers read, “I love my cat”or “I love my dog.”

The word love is used differently in each sentence. Julie may feel a romantic love for Tom, but the person who declares, “I love New York” is indicating enjoyment of or appreciation for an item, not romantic love. Likewise, pet owners tend to feel deep affection and concern for their animals, but their love is not the kind of emotion that the dictionary defined. Instead, an extended definition would best describe this emotion. Extended definitions provide specific examples that make abstract concepts more concrete. For example, an extended definition of the word love, developed at length in an essay, could describe the different types of love, each with its own characteristics and illustrations. In other words, the words, like love, courage, or beautiful, will test your ability to explain them clearly so that your reader knows exactly what you mean when you use them in your writing. They may require an entire paragraph for a complete and thorough definition.

In short, definition helps you to convey what you mean and to avoid being misunderstood. It also helps you to understand what other people mean.

●How to write an effective definition

The following are three steps to an effective definition:

?Tell readers what term is being defined.

?Present clear and basic information.

?Use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand.

There are several ways to define a term. Here are a few options.

o Define by function. Explain what something does or how something works.

o Define by structure. Tell how something is organized or put together.

Define by analysis. Compare the term to other members of its class and then

illustrate the differences.