各语法练习题及答案分析

各语法练习题及答案分析
各语法练习题及答案分析

时态语态题练习题

1.“ I don’t like to travel.”“Have you ever _____ in an airplane?”

A. flying

B. flew

C. flowed

D. flown

2. The center of gravity of the human body ______ behind his joint.

A. located

B. locating

C. to locate

D. is located

3.“ What happened in that new area?”“New houses ______ recently over there.”

A. are built

B. build

C. have built

D. have been built

4.“ When did you go to work?”“As soon as they came, we ______ to work.”

A. went

B. were going

C. had gone

D. go

5.“ Did you wait for him very long?”“Yes,I ______ to bed until five in the morning.”

A. did go

B. didn’t go

C. had gone

D. went

6. Perhaps it will be a long time ______from abroad.

A. when Tom comes back b. when Tom will come back

C. before Tom comes back

D. that Tom comes back

7. Tom ______ mathematics throughout his college life.

A. bored

B. bored with

C. was bored

D. was bored with

8. Mr Wu ______ to work by bus every day.

A. has been traveling

B. has traveled

C. travels

D. is traveling

9. Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.

A. listens

B. is being listened

C. has listened

D. is listening

10. My English teacher ______ my test.

A. hasnot yet graded

B. has not yet been graded

C. is not yet to be graded

D. is not yet graded

11. We ______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.

A. are being worked

B. are working

C. have been working

D. have been worked

12. Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.

A. stand

B. stands

C. is being stand

D. has stood

13.“ Tell the students to stop shouting. We______ our essays now.”

A. write

B. have been writing

C. are writing

D. have written

A. Do you try

B. Have you tried

C. Are you trying

D. Have you been trying

15. Chinese married couple _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.

A. give

B. have been giving

C. are giving

D. have given

16. This is the first time the students______ to Hyde Park.

A. have gone

B. have been gone

C. have been going

D. are being gone

17. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital.

A. is doing

B. has been doing

C. has done

D. has been done

18. Elections _______ every four years and Congress meets once a year.

A. are taken place

B. are to be taken place

C. took place

D. take place

19. Oil, exported from Iran to Europe, _____ by tankers.

A. used to be transported

B. used to being transported

C. was used to be transported

D. was used to being transported

20. If it ______, the match will be postponed.

A. has been rained

B. does rain

C. rains

D. is rained

21. As soon as I ______ the tools, I shall begin with the work.

A. have

B. am having

C. have been having

D. have been had

22. Once you ______ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.

A. shall have

B. had had

C. are having

D. have

23. It ______ every day so far this month.

A. is raining

B. rains

C. has rained

D. has been rained

24. no one can prove that the earth ______ not round.

A. is being

B. is to be

C. is

D. has been

25. I shall tell you what he ______ at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.

A. had done

B. would do

C. was doing

D. had been done

26. By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.

A. turned out

B. had turned out

C. would turn out

D. had been turned out

27. He was sixty-eight. In two years he ______ seventy.

A. would be

B. was

C. had been

D. was being

28. Up till then we ______ half the distance.

A. had only covered

B. covered

C. would only cover

D. would be only covered

29. While I ______ television, the door bell ______.

A. watched/would ring

B. would watch/had rung

C. was watching/rang

D. had been watched/was ringing

30. The new type of machine ______ the year after next.

A. is going to turn out

B. is going to being turned out

C. is going to have turned out

D. is going to be turned out

31. Large sums of money ______ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures.

A. have spent

B. have to be spent

C. have to spend

D. spend

32. A candidate for the post ______ at the moment.

A. is interviewing

B. being interviewing

C. interviewing

D. is being interviewed

33. By the end of last year the railway______.

A. was being completed

B. would be completed

C. had been completed

D. had completed

34. She told me that her proposal ______.

A. needed to take into consideration

B. needed to be taken into consideration

C. needed to be taking into consideration

D. needed to have taken into consideration

35. He fulfilled the plan earlier than he______.

A. had expected

B. expecting

C. should expect

D. would expect

36. ______ when the bell rang.

A. Hardlywould he reach school

B. Hardly had he reached school

C. Hardly h e reached school

D. Hardly he was reaching school

37. They were sure they ______ final victory.

A. were won

B. would be won

C. would win

D. had been won

38. We ______ on the project by the end of next week.

A. shall have finished to work

B. shall finish to work

C. shall have finished working

D. shall finish working

39. I promise you that I ______ you a present next week.

A. will give

B. will have given

C. shall give

D. shall have given

40. I hope that she ______ to the demands of the naughty boys.

A. will not have agreed

B. will not be agreed

C. will not agree

D. will not have been agreed

定语练习题:

1、You may take anything useful .

A.which you want B.you want them

C.what you want D.you want

2、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.

A.like B.that C.as D.which

3、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.

A.of who B.of whom C.of which D.of them

4、You can take any seat is free.

A.in which B.that C.where D.which

5、Is there anything to you?

A.that belong B.which belongs

C.that belongs D.that is belonged

6、We hope to get such a tool he is using.

A.where B.that C.as D.which

7. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

A. that

B. who

C. from whom

D. to whom

8. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

9、I’ve r ead all the books were borrowed from the library.

A.they B.which C./ D.that

10、This is the best hotel in the city I know.

A.it B.where C.that D.which

11、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?

A.it B.which C./ D.that

12、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.

A.on which B.where C.in that D.during which

13、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.

A.on which B.that C.when D.where

14、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need.

A.that, that B.which, that C.where, which D.in which, / 15、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.

A.on which B.on that C.in which D.which

16、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?

A.why B.which C.for that D.for why

17、Is some German friends visited last week ?

A.this school where B.this school one

C.this the school D.this school

18、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.

A.whose B.which C.who’s D.who

19、Can you lend me the book the other day ?

A.which you talked B.that you talked

C.about that you talked D.you talked about

20、This is one of the best films this year.

A.which has been shown B.that have been shown

C.that have shown D.have been shown

21、Do you know the man ?

A.that I spoke B.I spoke to

C.to who I spoke D.whom I spoke

22、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.

A.two-thirds in which B.two-thirds in them

C.two-thirds of them D.of whom two thirds

23、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.

A.neither of them B.none of them

C.neither of which D.none of which

24、Do you know the reason he was late?

A.for which B.for what C.which D.that

25、has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.

A.As B.That C.What D.Which

26、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.

A.who B.what C.that D.as

27、They’re invented me to their party, is kind of them.

A.this B.that C.which D.as

28、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.

A.this B.that C.which D.as

29、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.

A.as B.where C.which D.that

30、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.

A.who B.when C.where D.which

31、Next month, you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.

A.where B.when C.that D.which

32、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.

A.which B.that C.when D./

33、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.

A.that B.when C.who D.which

34. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

35._____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A. As

B. It

C. That

D. Which

36. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. there

37. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

38. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D.I think which is

39. I will invite _______ my daughter loves.

A. whoever

B. whomever

C. whichever

D. whatever

40.You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you wants.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. for which

状语从句练习题

1. Not until all the fish died in the river __________how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

2. —Why do you drink so much coffee?

—Well, _________it doesn’t keep me awake in the nights; I see no harm in it.

A. although

B. if

C. unless

D. while

3. Why not buy a cheaper one, _____________you don’t have enough money?

A. since

B. because

C. for

D. though

4. It is ten years ____________I left home.

A. when

B. after

C. since

D. as

5. He speaks English _____________he speaks his mother tongue.

A. so good as

B. as good as

C. so well as

D. as well as

6. Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty.

A. when

B. where

C. till

D. as

7. __________I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.

A. At first

B. For the first time

C. Until

D. The first time

8. I don’t think you’ll be able to understand this formula(公式) ____________you finish school.

A. as if

B. only when

C. even

D. even when

9. I often visited Tian’an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.

A. until

B. during

C. while

D. throughout

10. He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.

A. no matter whatever

B. whatever

C. what

D. that

11. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.

A. For

B. Now that

C. That

D. Because

12. ____________, I am sure that the boy is honest.

A. Whatever people say

B. No matter people say

C. What people say

D. It doesn’t matter people say

13. I knew Mr. Green _____________I knew Mrs. Green.

A. long before

B. before long

C. long ago

D. after long

14. __________often you ring, no one will answer.

A. How

B. However

C. Whom

D. Whenever

15. I will never stop ______________they might like it.

A. no matter how

B. how

C. what

D. though

16. Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.

A. very, that

B. so, that

C. such, as

D. enough, as

17. We made a decision __________there would be rain, we should stay at home.

A. that

B. if

C. that if

D. whether

18. I usually watch TV in the evening ____________I have to study for an examination.

A. because

B. unless

C. while

D. the moment

19. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.

A. as if

B. as long as

C. now that

D. in order that

20. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.

-----Ok, ______ you make it short.

A. now that

B. if only

C. so long as

D. every time

虚拟语气练习题

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for

B. leave; to

C. left; to

D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been

B. has been

C. was

D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set

B. had done; should be set

C. should do; be set

D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it

B. /; /

C. would; it

D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to

B. that; be

C. which; should be

D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent

B. should send

C. be sent

D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect

B. should protect

C. shall protect

D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be

B. Should there be

C. There will be

D. There should be

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved

B. would have been saved

C. will be saved

D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would

B. should have

C. may

D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am

B. I would be

C. I was

D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend

B. would have lent

C. could lend

D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

A. have caught

B. had caught

C. could have caught

D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have

B. will

C. do

D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed

B. I’d fail

C. I’d have failed

D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding

B. I’ll decide

C. I decided

D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow

B. would snow

C. snow

D. will snow

21. If only I _____ my watch!

A. hadn’t lost

B. haven’t lost

C. didn’t lost

D. don’t lose

22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make

B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made

D. might not have made

23. We _____ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finished

B. didn’t have finished

C. couldn’t have finished

D. can’t have finished

24. --- “Where have you been?”

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

A. I would be here

B. I have been here

C. I had been here

D. I would have been here

25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were

B. had been

C. are

D. should be

26.If Peter had enough money, he ______ on the trip to Los Angeles.

A. had gone

B. would go

C. went

D. would have gone

27. He did his homework carefully for fear that he ______.

A. made a mistake

B. makes a mistake

C. would make a mistake

D. make a mistake

28. I would have asked him to attend our gathering, but I ______his address.

A. didn’t know

B. hadn’t know

C. don’t know

D. wouldn’t know

29. The stubborn young man did not follow the advice that he ______ on his behavior since he didn’t believe that he had done anything wrong.

A. reflect

B. had reflected

C. would reflect

D. must reflect

30. I ______ the airport to make a flight reservation, but in fact I didn’t.

A. should have called

B. called

C. could call

D. would call

31. I would have told him the answer, but I ______ so busy at that moment.

A. had been

B. was

C. were

D. would be

32 If only we ______ a phone! I’m fed up with lining up outside the public phone box.

A. have

B. had

C. will have

D. are to have

33. Mr. Smith received the order that he ______ the documents to the new product meeting for further discussion.

A. bring

B. brings

C. will bring

D. has brought

34. I wish ______.

A. I know how to program the new computer

B. I will know to program the new computer

C. I knew how to program the new computer

D. I do know how to program the new computer

35. He believes he has been cheated. He ______it.

A. should not have believed

B. should not believe

C. did not believe

D. can’t but believe

36. But for the reform, we ______ such great achievements.

A. shall not make

B. could not have made

C. should not make

D. can not have made

37. I need a helping hand, but I would sooner you ______.

A. come

B. coming

C. will go with me

D. didn’t join me

38. If the government had built more homes for the poor several years ago, the housing problems now ______ so serious in many parts of the country.

A. wouldn’t be

B. won’t be

C. will not have been

D. would not have been

39. Tom might have come to school in time for the lecture ______.

A. if he got up earlier

B. unless he had got up earlier

C. but he got up rather late

D. but he had gotten up late

40. They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them ______.

A. might have died

B. might die

C. would die

D. could die

41. It is a perfect fit, sir. I ______ to you otherwise.

A. wouldn’t show it

B. wouldn’t have shown it

C. wouldn’t take it

D. wouldn’t have taken it

42. Jeff looked as if he _______ a ghost.

A. saw

B. has seen

C. had seen

D. would see

43. I would have gone to the concert, if I ______ time.

A. had had

B. have had

C. had

D. would have had

44. ______ I known it, I would have told you.

A. Have

B. If

C. Had

D. Having

45. The headmaster required that all the teachers ______ at the meeting.

A. present

B. must be present

C. be present

D. would be present

46. The mother rejected my suggestion that she ______ her daughter the next week.

A. met

B. meets

C. would meet

D. meet

47. It is necessary that anyone ______ exercises every day if he wishes to keep healthy.

A. do

B. would do

C. did

D. will do

48. It is high time that we ______ all ready for this afternoon meeting, ______it would be late.

A. must get, or

B. got, or

C. should get, and

D. get, and

49. In spite of the noise, he went on working ______ nothing were happening.

A. as if

B. because

C. although

D. where

50. ______ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.

A. In case of

B. In spite of

C. As of

D. But for

倒装练习题

1.______ and the lesson began.

A. In came Mr Brown

B. Mr Brown in came

C. In came he

D. came in Mr Brown

2.Over _______ , dead.

A. rolling the goat

B. rolled the goat

C. did the goat roll

D. the goat rolled

3. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________.

A. here he comes

B. he here comes

C. here does he come

D. here comes he

4. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.

A. will come

B. comes

C. has come

D. there is

5.Often _____ them not to smoke here.

A. we advised

B. advised me

C. did we advise

D. had we advised

6. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.

A. that lives an old man

B. does an old man live

C. lives an old man

D. where lives an old man

7. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________.

A. So we were

B. So we did

C. So were we

D. So did we

8.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.

A. nor will Mary

B. and Mary doesn’t

C. Mary will either

D. or Mary does

9. She is fond of cooking, _____I .

A. so am

B. nor am

C. neither do

D. nor do

10.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .

A. So it was with Engles

B. So was it with Engles

C. So was Engles

D. So did Engles

11.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.

A. So does a man

B. So will a man

C. So it is with a man

D. So is it with a man

12. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.

A. had she been in; do

B. she was in; make

C. was she in; take

D. she had been in ; have

13.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.

A. did he speak

B. did he spoke

C. spoke he

D. he spoke

14. __________ his apperance that no one could recognize him.

A. Strange so was

B. So strange was

C. Was so strange

D. So was strange

15.Not once ______ their plan.

A. did they change

B. they changed

C. changed they

D. they did change

16. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.

A. are seeing

B. had I seen

C. I have seen

D. have I seen

17.Seldom ______ TV during the day.

A. they watch

B. are they watching

C. have they watched

D. do they watch

18.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.

A. the flowers were so beautiful

B. were the flowers so beautiful

C. so beautiful were the flowers

D. so beautiful the flowers were

19. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.

A. finished he

B. he had finished

C. did he finish

D. had he finished

20.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.

A. had they; than

B. they had; when

C. had they; when

D. did they; when

21. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.

A. has he made

B. does he make

C. he made

D. did he make

22. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.

A. had he begun

B. began he

C. did he begin

D. does he begin

23.Only after liberation___ to be treated as human beings.

A.did they begin

B. they had begun

C. they did begin

D. had they begun

24.Not only ___to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.

A. he was forcing

B. he was forced

C. was he forcing

D. was he forced

25.Not until his father was out of prison to school. _______.

A. can John go

B. John can go

C. could John go

D. John could go

26.Never before __seen such a stupid man.

A. am I

B. was I

C. have I

D. shall I

27.Rarely ___about such a silly thing.

A. have I heard of

B. I have heard of

C. I have been hearing of

D. have I heard from

28.Little ___about his own health though he was very ill.

A. he cared

B. did he care

C. does he care

D. he cares

29.Hardly ____down ___he stepped in.

A.had I sat …than

B. I had sat …when

C.had I sat …then

D. had I

sat…when

30.No sooner___asleep than she heard a knock at the door.

A. she had fallen

B. had she fallen

C. she had fell

D. had she fell

31. ____, he is honest.

A. As he is poor

B. Poor is he

C. Poor as he is

D. Poor as is he

32. _____, he knows a lot of things.

A. A child as he is

B. Child as he is

C. A child as is he

D. Child as is he

33. _____, you can’t lift yourself up.

A. Even you’re strong

B. Strong as you are

C. How strong you are

D. In spite you’re strong

34.So carelessly___ that he almost killed himself.

A. he drives

B. he drove

C. does he drive

D. did he drive

35.Early in the day____ the news ____the enemy were gone.

A. come…that

B. came…that

C. comes…that

D. came …what

非谓语动词练习:

1.______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. To give

B. Having given

C. Given

D. Giving

2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. to be written

B. written

C. being written

D. having written

3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A. to play

B. play

C. to be playing

D. playing

4.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. To lose

B. Lost

C. Having lost

D. Losing

5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.

A. o see

B. not having seen

C. to have not seen

D. not to have seen

6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.

A. they going

B. they would go

C. on their going

D. going

7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.

A. taking

B. being taken

C. taken

D. having taken

8.______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left.

A. Arriving at; to find

B. Coming to; discovering that

C. On arriving at; finding out

D. Hurrying to; to have found out

9.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.

A. leading; finding; leading

B. to lead; found; to lead

C. led; finding; led

D. leading; found; led

10.______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______

from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful.

A. Seeing; seen

B. Seen; seeing

C. Seeing; seeing

D. Seen; seen

11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)

A. to have sailed

B. to sail

C. sailing

D. sail

12.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face.

A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move

13.______ is known to all, China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.

A. That; advancing

B. This; advanced

C. As; advanced

D. It; advancing

14.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they

Don’t real ly need.

A. persuade

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded

15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .

A. come; permitted

B. coming; permitted

C. coming; being permitted

D. to come; being permitted

17.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

A. Holding; being held

B. Held; holding

C. Having held; held

D. Held; to be held

18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.

A. sing; singing

B. sung; sung

C. sung; singing

D. singing; sung

19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.

A. discussed; discussed

B. discussing; had discussed

C. being discussed; discussed

D. discussing; discussing

20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.

A. done; to do

B. being done; doing

C. to be done; doing

D. to have done; doing

21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.

A. regretting

B. regret

C. to regret

D. regretted

22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five

children.

A. left; to leave

B. leaving; leaving

C. leaving; left

D. left; leaving

23.I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem ______ .

A. to work

B. to work out

C. to be worked out

D. to work it out

24.I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon.(NMET)

A. you to call

B. you call

C. your calling

D. you’re calling

25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .

A. tiring; tired

B. tired; tiring

C. tiring; tiring

D. tired; tired

26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.

A. seating

B. seat

C. seated

D. seated themselves

27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.

A. take

B. to be taken

C. taken

D. taking

28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.

A. to solve

B. to be solved

C. solved

D. solving

29.______ maps properly, you need a special pen.

A. Drawn

B. Drawing

C. To draw

D. Be drawing

30.There is a river ______ around our school.

A. to run

B. run

C. running

D. to be running

31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

A. to take

B. take

C. taking

D. to be taken

32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home,

but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set. ______ when I got home.

A. lying; stolen

B. laying; stealing

C. lay; stolen

D. lying; stealing

33.Whth the kind-hearted boy ______ me with my work, I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time ______ with your work.

A. to help; help you out

B. helping; helping you

C. helped; to help you out

D. to help; to help you

34. Greatly moved by her words, ______ .

A. tears came to his eyes

B. he could hardly hold back his tears

C. tears could hardly be held back

D. his eyes were filled with tears.

35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.

——I’ve warned them ______ .

A. not

B. not to

C. not touch

D. not do

36. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go

B. to have gone

C. going

D. having gone

37. When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.

A. been asked

B. asked

C. asking

D. to be asked

38. The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .

A. spoken to

B. spoke to

C. spoken

D. to speak

39. He was often listened ______ in the next room.

A. sing

B. sung

C. to sing

D. to sing

40. Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle.

A. ride; ride

B. riding; ride

C. ride; to ride

D. to ride; riding

41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______ .

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

42. What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.

A. that they have to

B. they have not

C. their not having

D. not their having

43.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing

B. Knowing not

C. Not having known

D. Having not know

44. Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .

A. to build

B. to building

C. to be built

D. being built

45. Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A. to do

B. doing

C. with

D. to be doing

46.The day we looked forward to ______ .

A. come

B. coming

C. has come

D. have come

47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?

A. to have to do

B. to have do

C. have to do

D. have do

48. Do you think it any good ______ with him again?

A. to talk

B. talking

C. to talking

D. having talked

仪器分析作业参考答案

第二章 电化学分析法 6.计算[OH –] = 0.05 mol/L ,p(O2)=1.0×103 Pa 时,氧电极的电极电势,已知O2 +2H2O+4e= 4OH –,φθ=0.40 V 。 解:根据能斯特方程 ()ln (Re )RT a Ox nF a d θ??=+ 代入数据计算得?=0.438V 7. 试从有关电对的电极电势,如?θ(Sn2+/Sn )、?θ(Sn4+/Sn2+)及?θ(O2/H2O ),说明为什么常在SnCl2溶液加入少量纯锡粒以防止Sn2+被空气中的氧所氧化? 答:?θ值较大的电对中的氧化态物质能和?θ值较小的电对中的还原态物质反应。所以在SnCl2溶液加入少量纯锡粒以防止Sn2+被空气中的氧所氧化\ 11. 下述电池中溶液,pH = 9.18时,测得电动势为0.418 V ,若换一个未知溶液,测得电动势为0.312 V ,计算未知溶液的pH 值 玻璃电极)(H x s a a 或+饱和甘汞电极 答:根据pH 的实用定义公式:F /RT .E E 3032s x pHs pHx -+=, 代入数据得PH=7.39 12. 将ClO4-离子选择性电极插入50.00 mL 某高氯酸盐待测溶液,与饱和甘汞电极(为负极)组成电池,测得电动势为358.7 mV ;加入 1.00 mL 、0.0500 mol /L NaClO4标准溶液后,电动势变成346.1 mV 。求待测溶液中ClO4-浓度。 答:根据 /0.059(101)s s x n E x c V c V ±?=-,代入数据 Cx=1.50?10-3mol/L 第五章 气相色谱分析法 6.当下述参数改变时: (1)增大分配比,(2) 流动相速度增加, (3)减小相比, (4) 提高柱温,是否会使色谱峰变窄?为什么? 答:(1)保留时间延长,峰形变宽; (2)保留时间缩短,峰形变窄; (3)保留时间延长,峰形变宽; (4)保留时间缩短,峰形变窄。 11. 分析某种试样时,两个组分的相对保留值r21=1.11, 柱的有效塔板高度H=1mm ,需要多长的色谱柱才能完全分离? 解:根据公式 2121212111(()r r R r r --= 得L=3.67 m

【英语】 高中英语语法填空试题(有答案和解析)及解析

【英语】高中英语语法填空试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since 1949 when the People's Republic of China ________(establish), and especially since 1978, China's transformation from a traditional ________(agriculture)society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated by a rapid industrial restructuring. China's industrial structure developed according to the objective of industrialization, ________ aimed at the proportion(比例)of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and service sector increasing continually. ________(current), the industrial goods produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods. China's factory outputs extend from textiles (纺织业) to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large ________(quantity) of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products ________(include)television sets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world. China has become ________ industrialized country to some extent. The auto and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and electric equipment,________ the most important import products are raw materials. In recent years, China's industry________(compete) internationally, and as a result, the ________(develop)of the country's industry is increasingly influenced by international economic environments. 【答案】was established;agricultural;which;Currently;quantities;including;an;while/and;has competed has been competing;development 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,自1978年以来,中国从传统农业社会向现代工业社会的转型,在产业结构调整的快速推进下,取得了长足的进步。中国在一定程度上已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。 (1)考查时态语态。根据Since 1949可知应用一般过去时,且主语the People's Republic of China与谓语动词establish构成被动语态,用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was established。 (2)考查形容词。society为名词,需要形容词修饰,故填agricultural。 (3)考查定语从句。句意:中国的产业结构是按照工业化的目标发展的,其目标是农业比重不断下降。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the objective of industrialization,且先行词在从句中做主语,指物,故用关系代词which,填which 。 (4)考查副词。句意:目前,中国生产的工业产品从资本品到消费品应有尽有。修饰整个句子应用副词,故填Currently。 (5)考查名词。large quantities of固定短语,“大量……”,故填quantities。 (6)考查非谓语动词。句意:包括电视机、自行车、汽车、卡车和洗衣机在内的其他工业产品正在世界范围内扩张。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故include只能做非谓语,表示“包括;包含”后跟包含的内容时需用现在分词,故填including。

实验思考题参考答案

实验思考题参考答案 实验Fe(OH)3胶体的制备、破坏、分离 1.常压过滤时滤纸为什么要撕去一角?答:使滤纸紧贴玻璃漏斗,有利于排出滤纸与玻璃漏斗之间气泡,形成液柱。 2.抽滤时剪好的滤纸润湿后略大于布氏漏斗的内径、或剪的不圆周边凸出部分贴在布氏漏斗内壁上,对抽滤有何影响?为什么?答:会造成漏虑。滤纸大于布氏漏斗内径会造成滤纸折叠,不能紧贴布氏漏斗。 3.抽滤时,转移溶液之前为什么要先稍微抽气,而不能在转移溶液以后才开始 抽气?答:使滤纸紧贴布氏漏斗,以免造成漏虑。 4. 沉淀物未能铺满布氏漏斗底部、滤饼出现裂缝、沉淀层疏松不实,对抽干效果有什么影响?为什么?如何使沉淀抽得更干爽?答:固液分离效果不好;漏气使压差变小;用药勺铺平、压实沉淀物再抽滤。 由胆矾精制五水硫酸铜 1.结晶与重结晶分离提纯物质的根据是什么?如果被提纯物质是NaCl 而不是CuSO4·5H2O,实验操作上有何区别? 答:根据物质溶解度随温度变化不同。NaCl 的溶解度随温度变化很小不能用重结晶的办法提纯,要用化学方法除杂提纯。 2.结晶与重结晶有何联系和区别?实验操作上有何不同?为什么? 答:均是利用溶解度随温度变化提纯物质;结晶浓缩度较高(过饱和溶液),重结晶浓缩度较低(饱和溶液),且可以进行多次重结晶。结晶一般浓缩到过饱和溶液,有晶膜或晶体析出,冷却结晶;重结晶是在近沸状态下形成饱和溶液,冷却结晶,不允许浓缩。

3.水浴浓缩速度较慢,开始时可以搅拌加速蒸发,但临近结晶时能否这样做? 答:搅拌为了加快水分蒸发;对于利用晶膜形成控制浓缩程度,在邻近结晶时不能搅拌。否则无法形成晶膜。 4.如果室温较低,你准备采用什么措施使热过滤能顺利进行?答:预热漏斗、 分批过滤、保温未过滤溶液。 5.浓缩和重结晶过程为何要加入少量H2SO4?答:防止防止Fe3+水解。 粗盐提纯 1.为什么说重结晶法不能提纯得到符合药用要求的氯化钠?为什么蒸发浓缩时 氯化钠溶液不能蒸干? 答:NaCl 的溶解度随温度变化很小不能用重结晶的办法提纯,药用氯化钠不仅要达到纯度要求,还要符合药用要求。不能浓缩至干NaCl 溶液,是为了除去KCl。 2.用化学法除去SO42-、Mg2+ 、Ca2+的先后顺序是否可以倒置过来?为什么? 答:不能,除杂要求为除去杂质引入的离子必须在后续的除杂过程中除去,先除去Mg2+ 、Ca2+后除SO42-,无法除去Ba2+。 3.用什么方法可以除去粗盐中不溶性杂质和可溶性杂质?依据是什么? 答:不溶性杂质用过滤方法;可溶性杂质用化学方法除杂。依据:溶度积。 醋酸解离度和电离常数测定 1.不同浓度的HAc 溶液的溶解度α是否相同?为什么?用测定数据说明弱电解质解离度随浓度变化的关系。 答:不同,因K a,θ AH 。c↑,α↓。 c 2.测定不同浓度的HAc 溶液的pH 值时,为什么按由稀到浓的顺序?答:平衡块,减小由于润洗不到位而带来的误差。

工业分析与分离经典试题答案

1.工业分析所用的分析方法,按其在生产上的应用及完成时间不同可分为标准分析法和快速分析法. 2.快速分析法的特点是分析速度快,分析误差往往比较大. 3.自然界的水称为天然水. 4.天然水可分为降水,地面水和地下水三大类. 5.用采样器从一个采样单元中一次采得的一定是物料叫子样. 6.含并所有采样的子样称为原始平均式样. 7.含有所有采取的子样称为原始平均式样. 8.应采取一个原始平均式样的物料的总量称为分析化学子样单位. 9.工业物料按其特性值的变异性类型可以分为两类即均匀物料和不均匀物料. 10.在一个采样对象中应布采集样品较好的个数称为子样数目. 11.在运输工具上斜线发布点.置,末个子择点至少距车角1cm. 12.在物料堆中采样,应将表层0.1m厚的部分用铲子锄去. 13.通过机械是人工发将大块的物料粉碎成一定细度物料的过程称为破碎. 14.将最大颗粒的物料分散至25cm左右,称为粗碎 15.将最大颗粒的物料分散至25cm左右,称为粗碎 16.将25cm左右的物料分散至5cm左右的称为中碎 17.将25cm左右的物料分散至5cm左右的称为中碎 18.将5cm左右的物料分散至0.15cm左右的称为细碎 19.将5cm左右的物料分散至0.15cm左右的称为细碎 20.将0.15cm左右的物料分散至0.074cm以下的称为粉碎 21.将0.15cm左右的物料分散至0.0745cm以下的称为粉碎 22.试样的制备一般经过破碎,过筛.混匀,缩分,四个工序 23.粉碎后的物料需经过筛分.使物料达到要求的粒度. 24.混匀的方法有人工混匀和机械混匀两种 25.在不改变物料平均组成的情况下,通过步骤,逐步减少试样的过程称为缩分. 26.常用的缩分的分析方法有分样器缩分法和四分法. 27.将试样与酸性熔剂混合,置于适当的容器中,早高温下进行分解,生成易溶于水的产物,称为熔融分解法. 28.常用的碱性熔剂有Na2NO2,K2CO3,NaOH等. 29.在硅酸盐系统分析中,常用采用Na2CO3,而不是K2CO3. 30.艾士卡试剂法测矿石中全硫量属于烧结分析法. 31.在用Na2CO3熔融时,应才采用铂坩埚 32.在用Na2CO3熔融时,应采用镍坩埚. 33.水质指标按其性质可分物理指标,化学指标和微生物指标三类.

编译原理 上下文无关文法 语法分析习题(附答案)_东华大学 姚励

作 业 一、选择题 1.、程序中出现的错误常数 3.14.15属于__(A)__。 (A) 语法错误 (B) 词法错误 (C) 语义错误 (D) 警告错误 2、表达式α0 αn 代表____(B)____ 。 (A) 直接推导 (B) 广义推导 (C) 推导 (D) 间接推导 3、文法),},,,{)},(,,*,,({2P +=E F T E i G 其中:产生式P 为: i E F F F T T T T E E |)(|*|→→+→ 则句型T+T*i+F 中的句柄是__(A)___。 (A) T (B) i (C) T*i (D) i+F 4、文法b B a aA A AS AB S →→→,|,|与下列哪个正规式等价__(B)___。 (A)+b aa * (B)b aa * (C)*)(ab (D) *)(ab a ; 第二题:(清华大学年考研试题)已知文法G[S]为: S → dAB A → aA | a B → Bb | ε G[S]产生的语言是什么?(请用自然语言或表达式描述语言特征) 答案:da +b * 第三题:(1) 构造一个文法G ,使得:L(G)={a 2m b m |m>0} (2) 构造一个文法G ,使得:L(G)={a n #b n | n>0} (3) 写出以0开头的8进制无符号整数的文法。

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分析实验实验报告思考题 答案 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020

实验一、NaOH和HCl标准溶液的配制及比较滴定 和NaOH标准溶液能否用直接配制法配制为什么 答:由于NaOH固体易吸收空气中的CO2和水分,浓HCl的浓度不确定,固配制HCl和NaOH标准溶液时不能用直接法。 2.配制酸碱标准溶液时,为什么用量筒量取HCl,用台秤称取NaOH(S)、而不用吸量管和分析天平 答:因吸量管用于标准量取需不同体积的量器,分析天平是用于准确称取一定量的精密衡量仪器。而HCl的浓度不定, NaOH易吸收CO2和水分,所以只需要用量筒量取,用台秤称取NaOH即可。 3.标准溶液装入滴定管之前,为什么要用该溶液润洗滴定管2~3次而锥形瓶是否也需用该溶液润洗或烘干,为什么 答:为了避免装入后的标准溶液被稀释,所以应用该标准溶液润洗滴管2~3次。而锥形瓶中有水也不会影响被测物质量的变化,所以锥形瓶不需先用标准溶液润洗或烘干。 4.滴定至临近终点时加入半滴的操作是怎样进行的 答:加入半滴的操作是:将酸式滴定管的旋塞稍稍转动或碱式滴定管的乳胶管稍微松动,使半滴溶液悬于管口,将锥形瓶内壁与管口接触,使液滴流出,并用洗瓶以纯水冲下。 实验二、NaOH溶液的配制及食用白醋总酸度的测定 1.如何计算称取基准物邻苯二甲酸氢钾或Na2CO3的质量范围称得太多或太少对标定有何影响 答:在滴定分析中,为了减少滴定管的读数误差,一般消耗标准溶液的体积应在20—25ml之间,称取基准物的大约质量应由下式求得: 如果基准物质称得太多,所配制的标准溶液较浓,则由一滴或半滴过量所造成的误差就较大。称取基准物质的量也不能太少,因为每一份基准物质都要经过二次称量,如果每次有±的误差,则每份就可能有±的误差。因此,称取基准物质的量不应少于,这样才能使称量的相对误差大于1‰。 2.溶解基准物质时加入20~30ml水,是用量筒量取,还是用移液管移取为什么 答:因为这时所加的水只是溶解基准物质,而不会影响基准物质的量。因此加入的水不需要非常准确。所以可以用量筒量取。 3.如果基准物未烘干,将使标准溶液浓度的标定结果偏高还是偏低 答:如果基准物质未烘干,将使标准溶液浓度的标定结果偏高。 4.用NaOH标准溶液标定HCl溶液浓度时,以酚酞作指示剂,用NaOH滴定HCl,若NaOH 溶液因贮存不当吸收了CO2,问对测定结果有何影响 答:用NaOH标准溶液标定HCl溶液浓度时,以酚酞作为指示剂,用NaOH滴定HCl,若NaOH溶液因贮存不当吸收了CO2,而形成Na2CO3,使NaOH溶液浓度降低,在滴定过程中虽然其中的Na2CO3按一定量的关系与HCl定量反应,但终点酚酞变色时还有一部分NaHCO3末反应,所以使测定结果偏高。 5.如果NaOH溶液吸收了空气中的CO2,对食用白醋总酸度的测定有何影响、为什么、 答:NaOH吸收了空气中的CO2,使标准溶液中的氢氧化钠浓度变小,用来滴定未知醋酸的浓度,会使测得的浓度偏大 6.本实验中为什么选用酚酞做指示剂其选择原则是什么根据选择原则选用其他指示剂可以吗如果可以请举例说明。

仪器分析习题答案

仪器分析习题答案 P28 2. 用双硫腙光度法测定Pb 2+。Pb 2+的浓度为 mg /50mL ,用2 cm 吸收池在520 nm 下测得T=53%,求ε。 解: 1 143 1078.11000 50 2.2071008.0253100lg ---???=?????==cm mol L A εε 4. 取钢试样 g ,溶解于酸中,将其中锰氧化成高锰酸盐,准确配制成250 mL ,测得其吸光度为131000.1--??L mol 4KMnO 溶液的吸光度的倍。计算钢中锰的百分含量。 解: 设高锰酸钾的浓度为x c ,得下列方程 % 06.2%1001 10002501024.8%1024.894.54105.1105.15.110121231 33=????=??=??=??==??=-------W L g W L mol c bc A b A Mn x x εε 7. 异丙叉丙酮有两种异构体:333)(CH CO CH CH C CH --=-及3232)(CH CO CH CH C CH ---=。它们的紫外吸收光谱为:(a )最大吸收波长 在235 nm 处,1112000--??mL mol L =ε;(b )220 nm 以后没有强吸收。如何根据这两个光谱来判断上述异构体试说明理由。 解:如果体系存在共轭体系,则其最大吸收波长的位置应比非共轭体系红移,并且其摩尔吸光系数较大,有强吸收,因此判断如果符合条件(1)的,就是CH 3-C (CH 3)=CH -CO -CH 3 9.其m ax λ的顺序为:(2)>(1)>(3) 因为(2)中存在共轭体系,而(1)(3)中只有双键没有共轭体系,但(1)中有两个双键,而(3)中只有一个。 P47 9. 以Mg 作为内标测定某合金中Pb 的含量,实验数据如下:

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