8B各单元语法
新版牛津译林8B_Unit1单词词组和语法讲解
牛津译林8B Unit1一、同步知识梳理知识点1:past and present（P6）（1）pastn。
过去，以前;in the past 在过去adj。
过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过walk past the post office走过邮局【例句】In the past，there was no underground in Nanjing.Let's not make the past mistakes。
When I walk past the post office，I see a bird flying over the tree。
（2）presentadj.现在的；目前的; 出席的n。
现在; 礼物；at present 现在；a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt。
介绍; 出现; 提出；赠送;【例句】Everyone can be present ed a present at present。
知识点2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.（P6）你变了。
你以前跟我分享食物的。
（1）change: vt./vi。
改变，变更; change into变成n.变化，改变; change（s) to .。
的变化【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力；运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用；行使,【常用短语】①used to （do sth.）“过去常常（做某事)”批注: 否定形式：didn’t use to / usedn’t to②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事）【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday。
8Bunit8Grammar
10.刚刚我看到她在读书 I saw him reading just now. He was seen reading just now 11.这个主意听起来不错。 The idea sounds good.
12. 一场事故发生在街道上。 An accident happened/took place in the street
in Environment Week
3. 在镇广场
in the town square
4. 环境展览
an environment show
5. 本周五晚
this Friday evening
6. 在镇礼堂
at the town hall
7. 在展览中
at the show
8. 阳光镇现在和过去的 视频
supported.
He /She/It
will be /is going to be
注意: 主语是第一人称时, 被动语态的一般将来时 也可以用“shall be + 动词的过去分词”来表达。
时态 肯定形式 否定形式 疑问形式
一般 将来
时
S+will be +done
S+will not be+done
A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.
4. (A)The earth is our home.It ___well.
A.must be protected B.should protect
C.need protect
D.should protected.
different groups
8BUnit1语法(2013教材)
8B Unit 1语法动词不定式1.作宾语动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，常作及物动词的宾语。
此类动词（短语）有：want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help等。
Remember to post the letter.I hope to stay with you.1)当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式。
I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.2)当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。
He began to read and write after dinner.2.作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。
其后接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, woud like, order, teach, want, wish, adivse等。
The doctor advised him to take a good rest.We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.1)动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to在使役动词、感官动词等后面时，须省略。
常见的动词有：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch等。
The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike.2)动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。
8B-Unit6知识点语法汇总
㈠It is＋形容词＋to do sth。
It是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语，该句型用来描述行为和情境.e.g。
⑴It is difficult to walk through eight country parks。⑵It is very useful to have support teams。
〈知识链接〉⑴peopleovereighteen年满18岁的人→peopleunder18不到18岁的人
⑵group oneself into a team of…自行组成…人一组⑶join this charity walk参加这次慈善行走
4. Oxfam Trailwalker isa tough hikebecause you have tofinish walking a 100—kilometre trailwithin 48 hours.
⑵Read the first three paragraphs。阅读前三段.
7. have the chance to do so有机会这样做→If you get a chance，take it.如果你有机会,就抓住它. (107)
㈡词汇解析
1。People who need help(需要帮助的人）：the＋形容词＝形容词＋people,表示一类的人，作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的有：the blind＝blind people盲人，the deaf＝deaf people聋哑人,the disabled＝disabled people残疾人，the elderly＝elderly people＝the old＝old people老年人，the homeless＝homeless people无家可归的人,the poor＝poor people
译林版牛津英语8B 全册八单元知识点总结+单元测试卷及答案
译林版牛津英语8B 全册八单元知识点总结+单元测试卷及答案8B Unit 1 Past and present单元重点知识点总览1. past和present的用法past作名词、形容和介词的用法present作形容词和名词的用法2.just的用法just与现在完成时连用just和just now的用法区别ed to do sth. “过去常常做某事”be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”be used to do/for sth. “被用来做某事”4. share 的用法：share sth. with sb.“与某人共享某物”。
5. take+a/the+交通工具，by+交通工具，in/on+交通工具6. too many, too much, much too的用法比较7. take表示“花费”的用法：It takes/took (sb). some time to do sth.8. wait for sb./sth. “等待某人/某物”wait to do sth.“等待做某事”can’t wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”9. interview sb. “采访某人”；have an interview with sb. “采访某人”10. since的用法现在完成时+since+一般过去时It has been/is+时间段+since+一般过去时”11. move to some place“搬往某地”。
12.表示东西南北的方位名词加上“ern”构成形容词。
13. marry的用法marry sb.get marriedbe marriedbe/get married to sb.14.turn……into“把……变成……”，turn into“变成”。
turn的用法拓展① turn表示“转动、翻转”② turn作系动词③ turn表示“轮流，依次”，take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”。
牛津译林版八年级下册Unit1-Unit3 语法归纳
牛津8BUnit1-Unit3 Grammar❖现在完成时1)在什么情境下用现在完成时？➢表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。
➢表示过去发生的动作, 但强调结果或对现在的影响。
➢表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。
➢表示去过某地几次。
2)时间状语：already, not…yet, never, just, before, ever, recently，for…，since，so far，up to now，these days, over…3)构成：have/has+done（过去分词）4)过去分词的构成：✧直接加-ed。
✧以字母e结尾的直接加d 。
✧以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。
✧重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。
✧不规则。
（见书后小黄页）5)句型转换：一般疑问句：把助动词have或has提到主语之前，过去分词不变。
否定句：“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。
6)现在完成时Vs一般过去时现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，一般过去时属于过去时态，时间状语不能混用。
一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。
现在完成时则相反。
eg--- I have seen the film.eg--- I saw the film last week.eg--- He has lived here since 1993.eg---- He lived here in 1993.7)have gone to Vs have been to Vs have been inhave gone to:没回来。
He has gone to Xi’an. 他去西安了。
（没回）have been to：回来了。
He has been to Xi’an twice. 他曾去过西安两次。
（已回）have been in: 待在某地一段时间He has been in Xi’an for weeks. 待在西安数周。
8B Unit 1 词组、句型及语法复习提纲
8B Unit 1词组、句型及语法复习提纲1. ----Eddie，have you seen my food ? ----Yes. I’ve just eaten it.★2.He used to live in the Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong.★3.I have known the place since I was very young.4.We lived together until 1960 when I got married.★5.China has changed a lot. = Great changes have happened to China.= There have been great changes in China.6.Now, the place has turned into a park.★7.Was the noise pollution a problem before the closing of the old airport ?8.It is nice to have open space and pretty gardens.★9.Many of them have moved to other areas and I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 10.They cannot see their friends as often as before.★11.I had an interview with Lily’s grandpa Mr Dong this morning.12.It is good to see more and more people like the new Kowloon Walled City Park.13.Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.★14.They have gone to the cinema already. John has been to the USA a few times.★15.---Do you know how long it has been in service ? ---It has been in service since 1998. ★16.It was one year after Hong Kong’s return to China.★17.There have been many changes in Hong Kong.★18.It has been in use since 1998. 19.There is a new bridge called Tsing Ma Bridge. ★20.I hope you won’t be too surprised by all the tall buildings around you when you arrive.21.Things have changed a lot over the years.★22.I wish you a happy holiday. = I wish you will have a happy holiday.★23.I have the same feeling (as you) too.★ntau Island used to be the home of many wild birds.★25.It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife.= It does n’t provide a good environment for wildlife any longer.26.The changes to Lantau Island have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problemsfor wildlife.★27.Some animals and plants have lost their living areas because of these changes.28.Now, let me show you how to get to the train station.三、语法：(详见课本上笔记)1.现在完成时用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响。
牛津英语八年级下册8B知识点
8B Unit 1一掌握下面的短语和句型：(Comic strip and Welcome to the unit)1.an hour ago 一个小时前（用于一般过去时）2.(1) not… any more 不再(2) want to do sth 想要干某事(3) play with 和……一起玩，玩弄3.time (1) “时代”，常用复数。
The times are different.时代不同了。
(2)“时间”，不可数名词。
短语和句型：(1) at that time 在那时；at times = from time to time有时；all the time 一直；at the same time 同时；at a time 一次；in time 及时；on time 按时；in no time 立刻，很快；once upon a time 从前(2)It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 是（某人）做某事的时间了。
(Reading, Vocabulary)1.in fact 事实上2.marry 结婚，娶，嫁（1）marry sb. ＝be/get married to与……结婚（2）be /get married 结婚3.move to 搬到……4.change a lot 变化很大5.in the past 在过去6.Chinese medicine shop 中药店7.turn into （使）变成8.play cards 打牌，打扑克9.play Chinese chess 下棋10.once 从前11.take off （飞机等）起飞land （飞机等）着陆12.It is … to do sth. 做某事是……。
（不定式作主语）13.lonely （情感上）孤独的，寂寞的。
可作表语和定语。
alone （处境上）单独的（地），独立的（地）。
可作表语和状语。
(word完整版)牛津译林版8B语法知识点汇总,推荐文档.docx
He has never visitedthe Great Wall.他从没去过长城。
注意：already常用于肯定句， 意思是“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意思是 “还”。
现在完成时的动词构成：have/ has +动词的过去分词
牛津译林版8B语法知识点汇总
Unit 1
：
1和⋯玩play with sb
2不再⋯not⋯any more
3不同 期的交通工具
transport at different times
4阳光 的 化
the changes to Sunshine Town
5
非常了解 个地方know the place well
13在⋯南部in the southern part of
14婚get married
15和某人 婚
be/ get married to sb/ marry sb
16化很大change a lot
17在 去in the past
18在 在at present
19些年以来over/ during the years
47在使用中be in use= be in service
48⋯ 去⋯take sb to⋯
49一所小学a primary school
50我也是Me, too.
51独自地on one’sown= by oneself= alone
52空余free time
53有同感have the same feeling
68
在 去的一个世over the past century
8B第六单元语法课件
__________________ It is necessary to __________________ keep parks clean.
(necessary/parks/clean/ keep)
Task 2:
Try to translate these sentences into English
is kind to
It is kind of Amy to give seats to the elderly .
generous
excited
donate money to charities
go fishing
generous them todonate It”s ______of money to go fishing charities
easy for people fantastic for me important for us impossible for organizations necessary for volunteers wonderful for you
Simon: No. It’s not (3) necessary ____________________ for volunteers to have any experience, but it’s very (4) ______________ important for us to be kind and friendly. Amy: What are your tasks? Simon: I’m in the sports group. I chat with them, help them practise and make sure they’re safe.
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1 (UNIT1)现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。 (动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是：动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词（如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等），即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。 (2)现在完成时常见两种句型： ①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years. 或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。 3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 2
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 4、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 5、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。 下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, close → be closed, 3
fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold, turn off → be off, turn on → be on, get married → be married. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。 如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。 如： 误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here? 正：When did you come here? 二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如： He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如： Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 3. 两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。如：The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many years.