高二文月考试卷单元
江西省上饶市沙溪中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月月考语文试卷(含答案)
江西省上饶市沙溪中学2024-2025学年高二上学期十二月语文测试卷一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）材料一：写文章不同于记日记。
记日记是自我交际，只要记事清楚、他日可复读即可。
写文章是社会交流，心中首要是读者，使读者爱读，读后有所获；甚至存而再读，或推荐他人；甚至传诵于世，成为范文。
文章贵有新意，或告诉人新事情，或陈述新观念。
陈词滥调、空话套话、没有信息量的文章，不过是作者徒费笔墨，读者浪费时光。
此类文章泛滥，读者便失去阅读兴趣。
硬让人读，则一翻而过，入目不入心，读文章成了应付差事。
文章贵新亦贵真。
事情应是真实的，情感应是真实的，观念应是自己相信的。
“真”是诚信的社会伦理在作者和读者关系上的体现，也是语言合作原则对语言交际的基本要求。
当今时代，各种信息爆炸般涌来，或真或假，或实或虚；信息源或亲身经历，或道听网说；甚至还有网络舆论碾压、语言暴力之类的问题。
因而，分辨信息真实性，传播真实信息，尤为重要。
说实话，说真话，已不仅是伦理问题，而且是分辨真假能力问题，有时候甚至还成为有无胆量、有无脊梁的人格问题。
作者与读者是朋友关系。
文章观点要读者接受，应以事感人，以情动人，以理服人；不能以声夺人，以势压人，援引古今名言以助声威，使用大量排比句式以助声势，而是要揭示社会发展的真问题，关注人民大众的心头事，以事实之力、逻辑之力来吸引读者，以同理心、赤诚心来感动读者，以智慧之光、思想之光来引领读者。
简明是好文章的一种标志，也是好文风的一种表现。
简单问题复杂化，不是作者没想清楚，就是故意不让人弄清楚。
网络时代，碎片化的传递信息和接受信息成为常态。
如此境况，更需要把事理想清楚，用简洁的话语说透彻。
陈言务去，套话务除。
近读增补修订后的《建国以来毛泽东文稿》，再次被毛主席简明朴实的文风所打动，不管是批示、讲话、文稿还是代拟的会议通知，都简洁明了，没有套话空话。
这不仅表现出毛主席驾驭文字的娴熟能力，更显现他对事情对世界的把控能力。
高二年级第一学期语文第二次月考试卷(含答案)
高二年级第一学期语文第二次月考试卷（含答案）考生注意：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
2.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
中国传统文化中的“和”思想“和”是中国传统文化的重要理念之一，它贯穿于中国历史发展的各个时期，深刻影响着中国人的思维方式和行为准则。
“和”的内涵丰富多样。
首先，“和”强调和谐统一。
在中国传统文化中，天、地、人被视为一个有机的整体，三者之间相互依存、相互制约，只有保持和谐统一，才能实现万物的生长和发展。
其次，“和”注重协调平衡。
事物之间存在着各种矛盾和差异，但通过协调和平衡，可以达到一种相对稳定的状态。
例如，儒家主张“中庸之道”，强调在处理事物时要避免极端，保持适度和平衡。
最后，“和”倡导包容共生。
中国传统文化认为，不同的事物和文化之间应该相互包容、相互借鉴，共同发展。
只有这样，才能实现世界的多样性和丰富性。
“和”思想在中国传统文化中具有重要的价值。
一方面，它有助于促进社会的和谐稳定。
在社会生活中，人们之间存在着各种利益冲突和矛盾，如果能够秉持“和”的理念，以和谐、包容的态度去处理问题，就能够减少冲突，增进团结，促进社会的和谐发展。
另一方面，“和”思想对于个人的修身养性也具有重要意义。
它教导人们要保持平和的心态，学会包容他人，尊重不同的意见和观点，从而提高个人的道德修养和人格魅力。
在当今时代，“和”思想仍然具有重要的现实意义。
随着全球化的加速发展，不同国家和民族之间的交流与合作日益频繁。
在这种情况下，我们更需要弘扬“和”的思想，倡导不同文化之间的相互尊重、相互理解、相互包容，共同构建一个和谐、稳定、繁荣的世界。
1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（）（3分）A.“和”是中国传统文化的唯一理念，贯穿中国历史发展各个时期。
B.中国传统文化认为，天、地、人是相互独立的，需要保持和谐统一。
高中语文 2023-2024学年广东省广州市高二(下)月考语文试卷(3月份)
2023-2024学年广东省广州市铁一中学高二（下）月考语文试卷（3月份）一、现代文阅读（37分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共1小题，17分）1．（17分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。
材料一：外国人名的翻译，在各种语言中，都以尽可能复刻原音为原则。
但由于汉字的字音具有时间和空间的不确定性，不同的人个人名的汉字“复刻”，会使用不同的汉字。
这样一来，同一个外国人，在理论上就可能有不同的汉字译名，显得很“任意”。
例果”又译作“嚣俄（与粤语音近）”，“基辛格”又译作“季辛吉（台湾仍用）”，“肯尼迪”又译作“甘乃迪（台湾仍用）”。
中文用自己独有的智慧解决这个问题，那就是赋予既有的约定俗成的译名以优先权。
例如：Norman Bethune,约定俗成法是“诺尔曼•白求恩”，后人再作记音更准确的译法“诺尔曼•贝修恩”就不可行，因为读者会以为这是两个不同的人。
同样，L on Stuart,旧译“司徒雷登”，这已经是一个约定俗成的译名，虽然它在记音上不太准确，但更准确的译法“莱登•斯图亚特”依可行。
这样做事实上是依靠汉字的表意特征，把既有的汉字译名不加分析地视为一个表意的“构式”，以此作为译名的理据。
有的构式理据，汉字化了的译名就不再是任意的了。
构式理据在汉语译名中普遍存在。
一个国家的第一级行政区在中国叫“省”，美国叫“州”（state），英国叫“郡”（count 美国的全称，中文叫“美利坚合众国”，英文是The United Statesof America,直译应是“美利坚州联”或“美利坚联州”。
美国州，中文译名大都用“州”，如“加州”（即加利福尼亚州）、“宾夕法尼亚州”等。
而Massachusetts这个州，中文译名也叫“马塞州”，字典上也是这样写的。
可是，当碰到这个州的理工学院时，中文译名一概叫“麻省理工学院”。
“州”变成“省”了。
这样事”能够在汉语中堂而皇之出现，就是因为它们有汉字独有的构式理据。
构式理据充分显示出表意字记音不同于拼音文字记音的特点——意合性。
高二年级月考试卷 试题(共17页)
土山(tǔ shān)高级中学高二年级月考试卷模块５第二单元一单项选择请认真阅读下面各题目，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项里面，选出最正确选项，并写在答题卡上。
1. The country has ___________.A. the population of eighteen millionB. eighteen million peoplesC. a population of eighteen millionD. eighteen million population2. The old man is badly ill and he needs ___________ at once.A. to operateB. operatingingC. being operatedD. operated3. His failure in the driving test ___________ his carelessness.A. resulted fromB. led toC. brought aboutD. resulted in4. I ___________ to go to the lecture yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. meantB. would meanC. was to meanD. had meant5. There are still many people suffering a lot, and we are to do something to __________ poverty.A. keep outB. wipe outC. give outD. run out6. Whatever he promises, you can’t ___________ anything.A. rely on his doingB. depend on his doingC. rely on him to doD. advise him to do7. When he came back, his ___________ look on his face meaned that he failed in the interview.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. encouragedD. encouraging8. Nobody is think the film is ___________ worth ___________ again.A. very; to seeB. well; to be seenC. well; seeingD. very; being seen9. If there is anything wrong with the sentence, please ____________.A. pick it outB. pick it upC. pick itD. pick it on10. The one bedroom apartment ___________ its own bathroom and Internet access.A. is furnished forB. is supplied toC. is stocked withD. is offered with11. He is not a bit mean; instead he is always __________ to help anyone in trouble.A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. willing12. Did you hear him ___________ the door when you passed by?A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. lock13. Passengers are ___________ from using such electronic devices as mobile phones during take-off and landing.A. forbiddenB. encouragedC. prohibitedD. allowed14. When a discussion is under way, everybody is welcome to have the ___________ in class.A. floorB. timeC. chanceD. right15. What is ____________ is that try as they may, they can’t avoid the economic crisis.A. beneficialB. difficultC. effectiveD. obvious第二节：完形填空(一共(yīgòng)20小题；每一小题1.5分，满分是30分)A minister〔牧师(mù shi)〕went to the home of one of the rich members of the society. It was _16_ outside, so he was _17_ in his overcoat. He went into the living room and _18_his coat. They talked for a while and then the minister prepared to go _19_ . He put on his _20_ coat and asked the host to go with him to the outer _21_ as he wanted to say something to him _22_ secret. The host, _23_ that he would be coming back in a minute_24_ , did not _25_ to put on his own overcoat and went out into the _26_ hall with him.The minister kept himself _27_ with small talk, little to the _28_ of the host. He became so _29_ that his teeth began to strike together repeatedly. But the minister _30_ with his small talk. Several times the host asked the minister to _31_to the living room, but _32_time the minister replied that in another minute he would _33_ ._34_ , the rich man said, “ If you do not tell me what we have come here for, I’ll freeze to _35_ .〞“I’ll tell you what I have come for,〞 replied the minis ter. “I need a certain amount of money to buy some coal that will go to some poor people. But inside, you would not have realized what it means to be cold.〞16. A. cloudy B. sunny C. snowing D. raining17. A. wearing B. dressing C. dressed D. worn18. A. changed B. removed C. made D. took19. A. away B. around C. downstairs D. swimming20. A. warm B. cold C. new D. expensive21. A. building B. space C. world D. hall22. A. at B. with C. beyond D. in23. A. insisting B. thinking C. wondering D. knowing24. A. or so B. later C. time D. so soon25. A. like B. hate C. bother D. require26. A. vast B. hot C. heated D. unheated27. A. careful B. busy C. tired D. helpful28. A. pleasure B. surprise C. discomfort D. joy29. A. freezing B. impatient C. angry D. excited30. A. began B. helped C. ended D. continued31. A. stop B. rush C. return D. get32. A. any B. each C. some D. by33. A. finish B. pause C. warm up D. go on34. A. First B. Finally tely D. Meanwhile35. A. death B. dead C. end D. ice第三(dì sān)局部；阅读理解(一共20小题；每一小题２分，满分是４0分)ASome time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn’t think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there was a lot of antique〔古董〕shops near my home. So I left home one morning, carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop, expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man didn't even look at my chair.The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth ---so I decided that my approach(way) must be wrong.I went into the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, “Would you like to buy a chair?〞 He looked it over carefully and said, “Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?〞“Twenty pounds,〞 I said.“OK,〞he said, “I’ll give you twenty pounds.〞“It’s got a slightly broken leg,〞 I said. “Yes, I saw that. It's nothing.〞Everything was going according to the plan and I was getting excited. “Wha t will youdo with it?〞I asked. “Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done.〞“I'll buy it,〞 I said. “What do you mean？You’ve just sold it to me,〞he said. “Yes, I know but I’ve changed my mind. I'm sorry. I'll give you twenty -seven pounds for it.〞“You must be crazy,〞 he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. “I know what you want. You want meto repair your chair.〞“You’re right,〞I said. “And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, ‘Would you mend this chair for me?’ 〞“I would n't have agreed to do it,〞he said. “We don’t do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I’ll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver(five dollars )?〞 He was a very nice man and was greatly amused by the whole thing.36. The expressio n “the penny dropped〞 in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper ______.A. changed his mindB. accepted the offerC. saw the writer’s purposeD. decided to help the writer37. How much did the writer pay for the repair?A. ￡ 5.B. ￡ 7.C. ￡ 20.D. ￡ 27.38. From the text, we can learn that the writer was ______.A. honestB. carefulC. smartD. funnyBScratchy throats, stuffy〔堵塞(dǔsè)〕noses and body aches all result in discomfort, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the discomfort lasts, because the drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illnesssets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over the medications available, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses — flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine〔疫苗(yìmiáo)〕, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cod symptoms such as stuffy nose, running nose and scratchy throat typically developed gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and coldness, painful throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more worrying than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when babies and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with the medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome〔综合症〕.There is, of cause, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the probability catching one.39. According to the author, knowing the cause of the discomfort will help ____________.A. prevent people from catching colds and the fluB. the patient obtain cheaper drugsC. the patient buy medicineD. shorten the period of the illness40. We learn from the passage that ____________.A. the drugs available can be taken to ease the discomfort caused by a cold or the fluB. one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flueC. aspirin should not be included in the medicines for the fluD. delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systems41. According to the passage, to fight against the flu effectively, one should ____________.A. take medicine upon catching the diseaseB. identify the virus which causes itC. consult a doctor as soon as possibleD. remain watchful when the disease is spreading42. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A. A painful throat.B. A stuffy nose.C. A dry cough.D. A high temperature.43. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ____________.A. are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationB. are advised not to give them aspirinC. should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeD. should prevent themCHow could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections〞of interesting “things〞 rather than protective habitats(栖息地). Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim(声称(shēngchēng)) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the anim als’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats. Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.44．How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A．Dangerous. B．Unhappy. C．Natural. D．Easy.45．In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.A．remain in cages B．behave strangelyC．attack other animals D．enjoy moving around46．What does the author try to argue in the passage?A．Zoos are not worth the public support.B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D．Zoos use animals as a means of making money.47．The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________.A．pointing out the faults in what zoos doB．using pictures he has taken at zoosC．questioning the way animals are protectedD．discussing the advantages of natural habitatsDBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and more respectable jobs. Personal advisor give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants, but in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more womanly and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the "manly" qualities required.This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told what the photographs were of. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.48. According to the passage, attractive people are those who are ______.A. good-lookingB. humorousC. well-educatedD. capable49. The author of the passage intended to show us that people' s views on beauty are ______.A. out-of-dateB. practicalC. reasonableD. one-sided50. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. Appearance is important in finding a good job.B. Attractiveness is of great advantage to his or her success.C. Attractiveness is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to women when it comes to politics.D. Attractiveness has more effect on men than on women.51. In traditional female jobs, attractiveness ______.A. strengthens the womanly qualities requiredB. always makes it easier for women to succeed quicklyC. makes women look more honest and capableD. can be a liabilityEWhen the population of the port town began to suffer from poisoning, the police came to find the cause of the poison. They thought someone was poisoning the people on purpose but no one knew how it was possible. Soon people took the position that the pork was poisoned. It was a popular food everyone ate and it could have possibly made everyone sick. Anyone who had possession of pork would throw it out. Even the poorest of the poor wouldn’t eat pork. Signs were posted on poles and letters were sent to everyone to warn people of the pork. Shortly afterwards, even policemen in high positions were also getting sick.Soon it became political and popular. Politicians rushed to the town to talk about politics and promised how they would find the solution if they were elected. Everyone was so sick that they didn’t care about politics. Everyone was in a position where he or she didn’t know what to do anymore. They went to the post office to mail posts out asking for help. The poor town didn’t know how to deal with the situation.One day, a well-known scientist from New York came to the town with a huge box containing many instruments and his possessions. He went to pools and the port and made measurements. He was quiet and polite. Then one day he made a speech at a newspaper meeting-room to announce his findings.“I am sorry to say your water supply is so heavily polluted; it is poisoned. I know who has been poisoning you all for such a long time. It is you who have been poisoning yourselves with pollution. A great deal of rubbish has been thrown into the water day after day. No one here has taken good care of the environment. It is no wonder all of you have been sick.〞 Shocked at the news, the people present were lost in thought.52. Which is the correct order of the facts described in the story?a. People suffered from poisoning.b. Politicians came to make promises.c. People began to realize the real cause.d. Pork was thrown away.e. The water there was polluted.f. A scientist came to check the water.A. e, a, d, b, f, cB. e, a, d, c, f, bC. a, e, b, d, c, fD. f, c, d, b, e, a53. What does the underlined phrase “ "took the position" mean in the passage?A. took the jobB. took the placeC. held the opinionD. made the suggestion54. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Everyone was so sick of politics that they didn’t care about those politicians.B. According to the scientist from New York, not all the population in the town have takengood care of the environment.C. The reason why the people in the town got sick was that they ate the pork poisoned bythe heavily polluted water.D. if the people in the town hadn’t polluted the water supply, they would not have sufferedfrom poisoning or sickness.55. After reading the passage, we can infer that ________A. politicians took every chance to make themselves electedB. pork was the main food of the people in the townC. people in the town were not well-educatedD. even some police officers were getting ill六对话(duìhuà)填空(一共10小题；每一小题1分，满分是10分)请认真阅读下面对话，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，在答题卡右栏中标有题号的横线上，写出一个英语单词的完好、正确形式，使对话通顺。
2024-2025学年高二上学期11月月考语文试卷
6．下列对文本一相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3分）
A．第④段生动描述胖子和瘦子相遇后的场景，心中满是遇到老友的惊喜，这符合朋友重逢的真实生活逻辑。
B．第⑫段画线句子通过行李“蜷缩”这一拟人化的描写，侧面表现出瘦子的卑躬屈膝，具有强烈的讽刺意味。
契诃夫生前的名声并不是很大，但是他去世100多年之后，他的声誉比当初高了不知多少倍，原因就在于他的作品是现代性的，他在现代性之初，就发现了现代性中隐藏的种种隐忧，直到今天，他的作品所反映出来的东西，依旧在我们的身边，他永远不落伍。
大约在20世纪50年代，契诃夫的作品首先得到了西方的重视，那个时代正是西方现代派戏剧崛起的时代，以荒诞派为代表。主要的特点是表现人们源于精神世界的痛苦，源于社会压迫所产生的痛苦，这样的戏剧中没有正面人物，也没有反面人物。后来人们追溯它的源头，发现原来契诃夫早就开始这样创作了。相比较19世纪的其他俄国作家来说，契诃夫是很温和的。他并不非常激烈，他更善于挖掘人性本身的问题，而不仅仅是一个革命作家。
B．以影视、游戏等为代表的当代“中国经验”不断走向国际，受到外界的认可，未来也将会有更多优质的文化产品走出去。
C．受日韩将自身传统文化内核隐藏在文化产品中的启发，中国游戏从业者首次在《黑神话：悟空》中加入中国传统元素。
D．近年来，国内游戏玩家对高性能个人电脑的需求逐渐降低，而《黑神话：悟空》的出现将有可能再次繁荣高性能个人电脑市场。
绝密★启用前
2024-2025学年高二上学期11月月考试卷
语 文
考试时间：150分钟 试卷分数：150分
注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息。
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
高二语文下册月考试卷及答案(全国卷)
高二语文下册月考试卷及答案（全国卷）语文考试时间：150分钟试卷分数：150分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息。
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
在日前举行的一个学术研讨会上，中国工程院院士王汉中分享了一个有趣的小故事：科研人员在饲养小白鼠时，如果饲养在小笼子里，它会顺着小笼子的边缘跑。
后来，将小白鼠养在更大的笼子里时，发现小白鼠还是习惯性地按以前在小笼子里的轨迹跑。
王汉中将这种现象称为“小白鼠效应”。
其实，科学研究中的“小白鼠效应”并不少见。
随着科学技术迅速发展，交叉学科、新兴学科不断涌现，科学研究的思维方式和研究方法也应该随之调整，与时俱进。
但是，仍然有一些科研人员坚持“老把式”，采用单一学科的理念、知识和方法去研究新问题。
例如，在植物保护领域，传统的病虫害防治采用背负式喷雾器来打农药。
如今，采用无人机喷洒农药，不仅效率高，也更节约。
在这种情况下，在研究调查田间病虫害防治效果时，如果不懂无人机技术、不愿意研究卫星导航技术，恐怕就要跟现实“脱节”了。
学科交叉是现代科学技术创新的一条重要路径。
据统计，近20年来诺贝尔自然科学奖中，交叉研究成果占比已超过1/3。
在这种大趋势下，如果仍然只盯着单一学科的“一亩三分地”，不愿走出“舒适区”，忽视交叉学科，就势必导致“小白鼠效应”，这既不利于创新人才的培养，也不利于创新成果的产生。
抢占科技制高点，需要推进学科交叉融合。
当前，许多重大发现和事关国计民生的重要问题，常常涉及不同学科的相互交叉和相互渗透。
越来越多的原创性、引领性成果产生于学科交叉、技术集成。
实现高水平科技自立自强，同样需要推进学科交叉融合。
学科交叉融合是加速科技创新的重要驱动力，强化学科交叉、寻求新的科研范式，是推动科技创新的重要途径。
这就要求科研人员摆脱惯性思维，抓住科研范式变革的机遇，凝练新的科学问题，促进各学科间不断融合，取长补短，推动学科交叉融合迈上新台阶。
广东高二高中语文月考试卷带答案解析
广东高二高中语文月考试卷班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、现代文阅读1.现代文阅读电车难题所谓“电车难题”是模拟一种道德情境，你作为事件的参与者，在面对利害关系时该如何权重再三作出抉择，这个假想直指向社会命题：“究竟是否该顾全大局而委屈个体。
”关于这个命题历来引发众多学者纷争，有关经济学、政治学、自然哲学、人类社会学等等的论断不胜枚举，小到鄙弃牺牲个体利益的人，大到质疑人性的劣根，在此我还留有自己的见解，惟愿和盘托出。
“电车难题”这个命题归属于“十大著名思想实验”，与之命题齐名的有“中文房间”、“薛定谔之猫”。
在此，从归属上来看，这仅属于一种理念的猜想，在一定程度上便宣示出这类问题并不存有直接现实性，与其过分深究其现实余韵，不如将眼光收束于“假想”之上，正如“薛定谔之猫”命题一般，难道现实生活中你会在50%的放射粒子的浴缸之中吗？知其如此，为何非要将理念的东西再创造化，投进世俗的怀抱中？倘若现实生活中确有此情境，那又是否将全责推向扳动轨道的人身上？绝境之中的人性是脆弱的，更是不可感的，在这种情况下，善良的人很容易滑向恶，反之亦如。
诚然，有人看待问题只喜好关注结果，而忽视人们在解决问题的途中所有的思考过程，认为他人所做出的决定就是人性的体现，由此，仅凭一件事就评判出行为人的人性好坏，是否有点在玩弄主观能动性？先秦时关于人性的探讨，孔子曰，善。
荀子曰，恶。
但无论孰善孰恶，都最终离不开后天的教化作用，常有人说‘一念之差’，但人性的培养绝对不会仅因‘一念之差’而化归为零，甚至呈现出负数。
况且，你作为这件事的参与者，该以什么标准去定性你的行为？是善是恶？难道将轨道转向绑有一个人的铁轨那边就是善？或者是恶？恐怕，没有结果。
经济学家在此，会考虑将扳手转向仅绑有一个人的铁轨那方，因为责任最少，负担最小；政治学家在此，也会考虑将扳手转向只有一个人的那边，因为为了集体的利益，可以委屈个体的利益；哲学家在此亦然，倘若从整体与部分的关系来谈，将扳手推向五个人的那一段，就是毁灭性的，因为整体（五个人）都没了，部分（一个人）存在还有意义吗？社会学家恐怕也会这样选择，出于从社会发展的角度考虑，势将牺牲小局去成全整个人类社会的福祉，在这里便飘散出一缕资本主义原始积累时期的血腥余味了。
四川高二高中语文月考试卷带答案解析
四川高二高中语文月考试卷班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、现代文阅读1.阅读下面的文字，完成文后各题。
唐诗现在又开始让人感觉真切和亲切了，这是经历了和传统文化分别的痛苦之后才有的内心感觉。
经历了千年，唐诗还留下那么多，可以想象当时的创作盛况。
那么多唐诗显然不可能都是为了功名而写作的。
它是一种流行的东西，是社会场合的一种交流方式，更多时候就像现在的歌词。
王之涣和高适、王昌龄几个去歌台舞榭，听歌女唱他们的诗。
几轮下来，独独听不到王之涣的诗。
王之涣指着歌女中最美的一个，对在座的人说，如果她唱的不是他的诗，从此自己就不写诗了。
那个最美的歌女出场唱的果然是王之涣的《凉州词》“黄河远上”那一首。
这说明我们所景仰的唐诗，在当时很可能多是传唱的歌词。
当时写诗的人太多了，即使是李白，也可能就是在盛唐被歌唱了一些年。
在晚唐大概唱不过小李杜和温庭筠吧？杜甫的诗，可能文本些，难以流行；杜甫的崇高地位，在他死去数十年后才建立，应该和唐诗本真的歌词性质有关。
从这个意义上说，三十年来中国流行歌词的长盛不衰是值得欣喜的。
人在这个世界上生活着，悲欢冷暖，酸甜苦辣，都会感动在心，用心去歌唱。
歌唱的内容就是人的现实和梦想，譬如生命、爱情、母亲、故乡、离别、重逢、游历和从军等等。
这些在唐诗里也都写遍了。
李谷一首唱的《乡恋》，对于故乡的依恋和怀念，和李白的《静夜思》是一样的精致平实。
谷建芬作曲的《烛光里的妈妈》和孟郊的《游子吟》可以匹敌，《思念》和李商隐的无题诗，美感是相通的。
还有北京奥运会主题歌《我和你》和王勃的“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”相比，也是不见逊色的。
把现在的歌词和唐诗比较，只是想说明两者是同样的东西。
尽管不在同一时空，两者的文化身份是一样的。
虽然两个时代的作品无法混淆，同样的留别的诗，徐志摩的《再别康桥》和罗大佑的《追梦人》就不一样。
但徐志摩的文本的诗无愧于时代，罗大佑的歌词同样无愧于时代。
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2009--2010学年三明二中高二（上）政治（文）月考试卷 一、选择题（每题2分，共52分） 1.文化生活的主题是( ) A.物质财富的创造 B.根本利益的保障 C.精神家园的耕耘 D.资源的优化配置 2.下列属于文化范畴的是( ) ①三明二中高二与高一年段篮球赛 ②中老年人在三明广场跳广场健身操 ③小朋友参加英杰英语培训 ④三明二中印刷厂 ⑤沙县淘金山一日游 ⑥三明市人民代表大会 A.①②③⑤⑥ B.①②③④⑤ C.①②③⑤ D.①②③④⑤⑥ 3. “十里不同风，百里不同俗”反映的是( ) A.文化现象无时不在 B.不同区域有不同的文化生活 C.文化现象无处不在 D.文化的形式丰富多彩 4.为了给北京奥运会火炬提供可靠的燃烧系统，航天科工集团发扬“特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献”的航天精神，为奥运圣火贡献了一颗可靠的“芯”。这说明 ( ) A.文化的力量专指文化对科技发展的影响 B.文化对社会和人的发展产生深刻的影响 C.一个民族物质上富有了，精神也就富有了D.文化的力量通过社会实践转化为物质力量 年19至20日，世界八大奇迹之一秦始皇兵马俑在三明市博物馆展出。我们参观兵马俑，可以从中透视当时社会人们的精神世界和精神生活。这说明 （ ） A.精神的东西与物质的东西没有关系 B.精神的东西就是物质的东西 C.精神产品离不开物质载体 D.物质活动离不开精神活动 6.江苏省华西村在发展过程中坚持“既富口袋，又富脑袋”，这正是华西村保持发展活力的秘诀所在。华西村在发展过程中，口袋富了不忘富“脑袋”，这是因为（ ） A.文化是由人所创造的 B.文化对社会的发展具有巨大的促进作用 C.精神产品离不开物质载体 D.优秀文化能够为经济建设提供精神动力和智力支持 7.文化对人的影响，具有潜移默化的特点。下列诗词的寓意符合这一特点的是( ) A.忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开 B.少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰 C.度尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇 D.随风潜入夜，润物细无声 8.成语“耳濡目染”表达的是文化对人的影响的( ) A.潜移默化的特点???? B.深远持久的特点???? C.相对独立性的特点? D.差异性的特点 9. “洋装虽然穿在身，我心依然是中国心，我的祖先早把我的一切烙上中国印”《我的中国心》的这句歌词表明( ) A.文化对人的影响是极其深远而持久的 B.文化具有复杂性、多样性 C.文化需要不断的创新 D.文化影响人们的交往行为和方式 10.中国人待客时“聊备薄酒”的自谦，可能被外国人误解为“慢待客人”；西方人聚餐时各付各的账，往往被东方人视为吝啬小气；东西方用语习惯的不同，常常产生误解，闹出笑话。这说明( ) A.文化的差异影响人们之间的交往 B.文化的差异体现民族文化的优劣 C.文化的差异是不同意识形态的反映 D.文化的差异是交往不可逾越的障碍 11.美国人较为轻松地对待子女的教育，并不追求高学历好职业的功利性目标。而中国人一般希望把孩子培养成“才”，将来有出息，有好职业，一生能在顺境中度过。( ) A.文化环境决定着人们的价值取向 B.美国人的思维方式比中国人的思维方式优越 C.社会制度决定文化发展程度 D.文化环境影响人们在实践中目标的确定和行为的选择 12. “红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲”。在艰苦卓越的斗争中培育的伟大的长征精神，一直是激励我们战胜困难、勇往直前的强大动力和宝贵财富。是因为( ) A.文化作为一种精神力量，对社会发展起促进作用 B.不同民族的文化会影响不同民族和国家的发展道路 C.文化对人的影响来自于特定的文化环境和各种形式的文化活动 D.优秀文化能丰富人的精神世界，增强精神力量 13.人们文化素养的核心和标志是( ) A.受教育程度 B.拥有的科学文化知识 C.参与文化活动的能力 D.世界观、人生观和价值观 14.国家在“十一五”期间要大力推动国家数字电影制作基地建设、国产动漫振兴工程、“中华字库”工程等一批具有战略性、引导性和带动性的重大文化产业项目，在重点领域取得跨越式发展。重视发展文化产业的原因有( ) ①在时代发展的进程中，文化与经济相互交融 ②文化的力量已成为综合国力的重要标志 ③这是提升我国文化竞争力的要求 ④文化生产力在现代经济的总体格局中的作用越来越突出 A.①② B.②③ C.①②④ D.①②③④ 15.有人认为“经济全球化必然带来文化一体化”，这种观点( ) ①认为各种文化之间的差异会逐步消除 ②肯定了经济对文化具有深刻的影响 ③否认了民族文化的多样性和生命力 ④否认了文化的民族性 A.①② B.②④ C.②③④ D.①②③④ 16.尊重世界文化多样性 , 就应该( ) A.遵循各国文化一律平等的原则 B.把本民族的文化传播到其他民族中去 C.积极倡导本民族文化的个性 D.把本民族的文化融入世界文化之中 17.下列属于文化传播的途径的是( ) ①客家先民从中原迁到岭南 ②奥运火炬传递 ③当今世界频繁的经济贸易往来 ④大众传媒 A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①②③ D.①②③④ 18.先秦诸子是中国文化史上第一批百科全书式的学者，他们授徒讲学，着书立说，对宇宙、社会、人生等无比广阔的领域发表议论。正是由于诸子百家的追索和创造，中国文化精神的各个侧面才得以充分的展示和升华。这表明( ) A.教育是人类特有的传承文化的能动性活动 B.不同的思想文化运动促进了文化的发展 C.思想只要对立就可以走向统一 D.文化的发展来源于不同思想的相互激荡 19.随着网络的发展，《老鼠爱大米》、《猪之歌》等网络歌曲迅速红遍大江南北。这说明 A．网络文化是对当代经济的反映，应兼收并蓄 B．网络技术的发展使文化的区域性和民族性逐渐消失 C．只有现代技术和传媒传播的文化才是人民群众真正需要的大众文化 D．一种文化产品能够迅速被人们认同和接受，现代技术和传媒手段发挥着重要作用 20.不管是中国内地，港澳台地区，还是在其他国家的华人，每到清明都会祭祖扫墓，端午吃粽子赛龙舟，中秋赏月，重阳登高，除夕吃年夜饭，这主要说明( ) A.传统文化具有相对稳定性 B.传统文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带 C.传统习俗对社会生活产生深刻影响 D.这是传统习俗的继承与发展 年全国高考考试大纲规定，语文作文“每错一个字扣一分，重复不计”。这体现了国家对规范汉字的高度重视。国家重视规范汉字( ) ①有利于中华文化的传承 ②有利于提高我国学生的母语水平 ③是繁荣中华文化的根本措施 ④有利于促进人们思想文化的交流 A.①②④ B.①③④ C.①②③ D.②③④ 22.下列能体现我国传统文化传承的是( ) ①针灸 ②北京菊儿胡同 ③中秋吃月饼 ④春联 ⑤傣族泼水节 ⑥孔子的儒家思想 A.①③⑥ B.①③④⑥ C.①②③④⑥ D.①②③④⑤⑥ 23.对文化发展影响最大的因素是( ) A.社会制度的更替 B.思想运动 C.科学技术的进步 D.教育方式的变革 24.有一次，王安石看到两句诗：“明月当空叫，黄犬卧花心”，心想：“明月”怎会叫黄犬怎会卧在花心上于是提笔改成“明月当空照，黄犬卧花阴”。后来他游历南方，发现南方有一种鸟儿叫“明月”，叫声婉转动听，有一种昆虫叫“黄犬”，常在花心飞来飞去。这下子他才明白，那两句诗是对的。从材料中可以看出( ) A.我们应积极进行文化创新 B.立足于社会实践是文化创新的根本途经 C.人民群众是文化创新的主体 D.文化多样性是文化创新的基础 年北京残奥会吉祥物“福牛乐乐”，具有鲜明的中国文化特色，巧妙地吸收了中国版画、年画等创作手法。同时，作品也有很强时代气息，充分借鉴了现代卡通的表现方式，童真而生动。“福牛乐乐”的设计( ) A．说明文化具有不稳定性 B．体现了继承与发展的统一 C．说明艺术是主观想象的产物 D．表明传统文化已不符合时代要求 26.中医药学术体系是我国优秀传统文化的杰出代表，今天，仍然在为维护人类健康发挥着无可替代的作用。在“中医现代化”的口号下，有人把盲目改造中医传统、简单模仿西医当成中医现代化的方向。可是，失去了传统文化依托的中医，就如同离开土壤的大树，只有枯萎和死亡。这说明( ) A.中医药学需要文化之间交流、融合 B.中医药学要拒绝接受新文化和任何外来文化 C.弘扬中医药文化不需要体现时代精神 D.弘扬中医药文化要反对民族虚无主义 二、非选择题（48分） 27.关注文化 体味文化： 请列举你看过或知道的经典文学作品或影视作品（至少两种），并选择一种，用所学《文化生活》有知识，谈谈它对你或人们成长产生的影响。（11分） 28.请你来当家：（12分） 材料一：近些年来，日本的动漫、韩国的电视剧、美国的电影大片在中国越来越受欢迎，在各个年龄层中有大量的拥趸。数据显示，中国对外贸易近些年来一直处于顺差。与此同时，“文化赤字”令人担忧，中外文化产品的进出口逆差至少是10∶1。 材料二：全球化背景下，国产影视剧必须“走出去”，增强中华文化的影响。但国产影视剧难以在国际市场上分一杯羹。除了制作上普遍粗糙，一个重要原因就是国产影视剧过于自我，缺乏全球化视野，无法和现在的观众取得共鸣。 ⑴材料一反映了什么文化现象（3分） ⑵请结合文化生活有关知识，为中国国产影视剧“走出去”提几条合理化建议。（至少三条）（9分） 29. 着名舞蹈演员杨丽萍创作的《云南映象》已在国内外上演近七百场，取得了很大的轰动效应，仅在昆明，《云南映像》的票房收入超过千万，成为向海内外介绍云南的一张文化名片。《云南映象》被定为“原生态”歌舞集，说它原生态，因为它取自原汁原味的云南民族舞蹈元素，服饰道具取自各民族生活的原型，是最自然、最接近人性的一种表现形态。正因为如此，这部歌舞集中百分之七十的演员都是农民。 请你用所学《文化生活》知识，分析材料蕴涵的道理。（至少三条）（10分） 30．看右侧漫画，运用《文化生活》 的知识，回答下列问题。 (1)这幅漫画反映了什么文化现象 如何看待这种现象(6分) (2)结合漫画，分析应该如何正确 对待中国传统文化(8分)
2009----2010学年三明二中高二政治（文）月考参考答案 一、选择题（52分，每题2分） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
C 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
二、非选择题（48分） 27. （11分）
取之不尽 注：本题漫画根据罗琪的《取之不尽》改编。