R lecture 3 - statistics introduction
【最新】R语言 回归课件教案讲义(附代码数据)simple_lin_regress_inference
y w
w
w w w w w w w w w w w w x
House Cost
we add a random component.
Most lots sell for $25,000
House size
4
The Model
• The first order linear model
y b 0 b1x e
y = dependent variable x = independent variable b0 = y-intercept b1 = slope of the line e = error variable
8
The Estimated Coefficients
Alternate formula for the slope b1
To calculate the estimates of the slope and intercept of the least squares line , use the formulas:
y
b0 and b1 are unknown population parameters, therefore are estimated from the data.
Rise b0 Run
b1 = Rise/Run
x
5
Estimating the Coefficients
英语专业研究参考文献
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莫塞，水天同等译，外语教学与研究出版社，2000。
89.英语课堂教学形成性评价研究, 罗少茜，外语教学与研究出版社2003. 4nguage, Culture and Translating, Eugene A. Nida 上海外语教育出版社, 1999,911.The Learner-centered Curriculum A Study in Second Language Teaching, David Nunan 学习者为中心的课程研究, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 312.Linguistics, H.G. Widdowson语言学, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 313.Sociolinguistics, Bernard Spolsky社会语言学, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 314.Psycholinguistics, Thomas Scovel心理语言学上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 315.Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis第二语言习得, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 316.Pragmatics, George Y ule语用学上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 3nguage and Culture, Clair Kramsch语言与文化, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 318.英语词汇学教程, A Survey of English Lexicology, 汪榕培，卢晓娟，上海外语教育出版社, 1998, 419.The English Language，R. W.Burchfield，话说英语，牛津大学出版社，外研社1992, 120. A Survey of Modern Second Language Learning & Teaching, 王立菲，现代外语教学论，上海教育出版社, 2000,1121. A History of English Language Teaching, A. P.R. Howatt语言教学史, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 622.具有中国特色的英语教学法, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 823.Context and Culture in Language Teaching, Claire Kramsch语言教学的环境与文化, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1224.Teaching Language as Communication, H. G. Widdowson语言教学交际法, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1225.Aspects of Language Teaching, H. G. Widdowson语言教学面面观, 上海外语教育出版社,1999, 1226.Discourse and Literature, Guy Cook话语与文学, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1227.外语教学心理学, 朱纯, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 328.V ocabulary, Semantics and Language Education词汇、语义学和语言教育, 外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press29.Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching, Hatch and Brown语言教学课程设计原理, 外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press30.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, Yalden语言学习与语言教学的原则, 外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,Cambridge University Press31.Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A Handbook for Language Teaching,Johnson and Johnson应用语言学百科词典：语言教学手册, 外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press 32. A Course in Language Teaching Practice and Theory, Ur 语言教学教程：实践与理论, 外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press剑桥应用语言学丛书（外研社）General Linguistics普通语言学Aronoff, M．et aI．(eds) The Handbook of Linguistics语言学综览Beaugrande，R．D．Linguistic Theory：The Discourse of Fundamental Works语言学理论：对基要原著的语篇研究Bloomfield．L．Language语言论Poole，S．An Introduction to the study of Speech语言学入门Radford，A．et a1．Linguistics：An Introduction语言学教程Robins．R．H General Linguistics普通语言学概论Spair，E Language: An Introduction to the Studyof Speech 语言论：言语研究导论Saussure．F．D Course in General Linguistics普通语言学教程Yule．G The Study of Language Second edition语言研究Phonetics and Phonology 语音学与音系学Chen．M．Y Tome Sandhi：Patterns across Chinese Dialects汉语方言的连读变调模式Clark，J．et al An htroduction to Phonetics and PhonologySecond edition语音学与音系学入门Cruttenden，A．(ed) Gimson’s Pronunciation of English Sixth Edition吉姆森英语语音教程Gussenhoven．C．et al Understanding Phonology音系学通解Kager．R Optimality Theory 优选论Roach．P English 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Relevance：Communication and Cognition Second edition关联性：交际与认知Verschueren，J Understanding Pragmatics语用学新解Discourse Analysis话语分析Brown．G．et al Discourse Analysis话语分析Gee，J．P An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory & Method话语分析入门：理论与方法Philosophy 0f Language语言哲学Austin，J．L How to Do Things with Words Second edition如何以言行事Grice．H．P Studies in the Way of Words言辞用法研究Searle，J．R Speech Acts：An Essay in the Philosophy of Language言语行为：语言哲学论Searle，J．R Expression and Meaning：Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts表述和意义：言语行为研究Language 0rigin语言起源Aitchison，J． The Seeds of Speech：Language Origin and Evolution言语的萌发：语言起源与进化History of Linguistics语言学史Robins，R．H． A Short History of Linguistics Fourth edition语言学简史Lexicography词典学Bej 0int，H Modern Lexicography：An Introduction现代词典学入门Cowie．A．P English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners：A History英语学习词典史Hartmann．R．R．K．et al Dictionary of Lexicography词典学词典Stylistics文体学Leech．G．N A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry英诗学习指南：语言学的分析方法Leech．G．N．et al Style in Fiction：A Linguistic Introduction to English FictionalProse小说文体论：英语小说的语言学入门Thomborrow，J．et al Patterns in Language：Stylistics for Students of Language andLiterature语言模式：文体学入门Wright，L．et al Stylistics：A Practical Coursebook 实用文体学教程Typology语言类型学Croft．W．Typology and Universals语言类型学与普遍语法特征Anthropological Linguistics人类语言学Foley，W．An Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction人类语言学入门Sociolinguistics 社会语言学Coulmas，F．(ed) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics社会语言学通览Crystal．D English as a Global Language英语：全球通用语Fasold．R The Sociolinguistics of Language社会语言学Hudson．R．A Sociolinguistics Second edition社会语言学教程Wardhaugh，R Introduction to Sociolinguistics Third edition社会语言学引论Psycholinguistics心理语言学Aitchison，J The Articulate Mammal：An Introduction to PsycholinguisticsFourth edition 会说话的哺乳动物：心理语言学入门Carroll．D．W Psychology of Language Third edition语言心理学Intercultural Communication文化交际Samovar．L．A．et al Communication Between Cultures Second edition跨文化交际Scollon．R．et aI． Intercultural Communication：A Discourse Analysis跨文化交际：语篇分析法Translatology 翻译学Taylor Baker．M． In Other Words：A Coursebook on Translation换言之：翻译教程Bell．R．T Translation and Translating：Theory and Practice翻译与翻译过程：理论与实践Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学Taylor，J．R Linguistic Categorization：Prototypes in Linguistic TheorySecond edition 语言的范畴化：语言学理论中的类典型Ungerer，F．et al An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics认知语言学入门Functional Linguistics功能语言学Bloor．T．et al The Functional Analysis of English：A Hallidayan Approach英语的功能分析：韩礼德模式Halliday，M．A．K An Introduction to functional Grammar Second edition功能语法导论Leech．G．N Halliday，M．A．K Language as Social Semiotic：The Social Interpretationof Language and Meaning作为社会符号的语言：从社会角度诠释语言与意义Halliday，M．A．K．et al Cohesive English英语的衔接Thompson．G Introducing Functional Grammar功能语法入门Historical Linguistics历史语言学Lehmann，W．P． Historical Linguistics：An Introduction Third edition历史语言学导论Trask．R．L Historical Linguistics历史语言学Corpus Linguistics语料库语言学Biber．D．et a1． Corpus Linguistics 语料库语言学Kennedv，G． An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics语料库语言学入门Statistics in Linguistics语言统计学Woods．A．et al． Statistics in Language Studies 语言研究中的统计学History of the English Language 英语史Baugh．A．C．et al A History of the English Language Fourth Edition英语史Freeborn．D From old EnglishtoStandard Englishecond edition英语史：从古代英语到标准英语First Language Acquisition 第一语言习得Foster-Cohen，S．H． An Introduction to Child Language Development儿童语言发展引论Goodluck．H． Language Acquisition：A Linguistic Introduction从语言学的角度看语言习得Peccel，J．S． Child Language New edition 儿童语言Second Language Acquisition第二语言习得Cohen．A．D Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language学习和运用第二语言的策略Cook．V Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition语言学和第二语言习得Cook．V Second Language Learning and Language Teaching Second edition 第二语言学习与教学James，C Errors in Language Learning and Use：Exploring Error Analysis语言学习和语言使用中的错误：错误分析探讨Larsen-Freeman．D．et a1 An Introduction Second Language Acquisition Research第二语言习得研究概况Nunan．D Second Language Teaching and Learning第二语言教与学Reid，J．M Learning Styles in the ESL／EFL Classroom ESL／EFL英语课堂上的学习风格Richards，J．C．et al Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms第二语言课堂教学反思Language Education语言教育Brown．H．D Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Third edition语言学习和语言教学的原则Brown．H．D Teaching by Principles： An Interactive Approach to LanguagePedagogy 根据原理教学：交互式语言教学Brown，J．D The Elements of Language Curriculum: A Systematic Approach to Program Development语言教学大纲要素：课程设计系统法Harmer，J How to Teach English怎样教英语Hatch，E．et a1 Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education词汇、语义学和语言教育Johnson，K An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching外语学习与教学导论Richards，J．et a1 Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching语言教学的流派Trudgill，P．et al International English Third edition英语：国际通用语Ur．P A Course in Language Teaching：Practice and Theory语言教学教程：实践与理论Research Method研究方法McDonotlgh，J．et al Research Methods for English Language Teachers英语教学科研方法Slade．C Form and Style：Research Papers，Reports，Theses Tenth edition如何写研究论文与学术报告Thomas，J．et al. 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为学校举办的讲座写一篇英文作文
为学校举办的讲座写一篇英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Lecture Held at SchoolLast Friday, our school held a fascinating lecture on the topic of climate change. The lecture took place in the school auditorium, and students from all grade levels were encouraged to attend. As an environmental science enthusiast, I was excited to hear from the guest speaker, Dr. Emily Green, who is a renowned expert in the field.The lecture started promptly at 10 am, and Dr. Green began by providing an overview of the current state of the environment and the impact of human activities on climate change. She presented compelling data and statistics to support her claims, which made us all realize the urgency of taking immediate action to mitigate the effects of global warming.One of the most interesting parts of the lecture was when Dr. Green shared real-life examples of communities that have been affected by climate change. She talked about how rising sea levels have forced some island nations to relocate their entirepopulations, and how extreme weather events have become more frequent and destructive in recent years.After the presentation, Dr. Green answered questions from the audience, which allowed us to delve deeper into the topic and gain a better understanding of the complexities of climate change. Many students asked insightful questions, showing their genuine interest and concern for the environment.Overall, the lecture was a huge success, and I believe it had a lasting impact on everyone who attended. It reminded us of the importance of protecting our planet and inspired us to take action in our daily lives to reduce our carbon footprint. I hope our school will continue to organize such informative and thought-provoking events in the future.篇2Organizing a Lecture for the SchoolIntroduction:Hosting a lecture at school can be an enriching experience for students as it provides them with an opportunity to learn from experts in various fields. From academics to professionals, a lecture can inspire, educate, and motivate students to pursue their passions. In this article, we will discuss the benefits oforganizing a lecture for the school and provide tips on how to make it a successful event.Benefits of organizing a lecture:1. Learning from experts: One of the primary benefits of organizing a lecture for the school is that it allows students to learn from experts in their respective fields. Whether it's a renowned scientist, author, or entrepreneur, a lecture can provide valuable insights and knowledge that can inspire students to pursue their interests.2. Networking opportunities: A lecture can also provide students with networking opportunities as they have the chance to interact with experts and ask questions. This can be beneficial for students who are interested in pursuing a career in a specific field as it allows them to establish connections and gain valuable advice.3. Promoting critical thinking: By attending a lecture, students are encouraged to think critically and analyze the information presented to them. This can help improve their problem-solving skills and develop a deeper understanding of complex topics.Tips for organizing a successful lecture:1. Choose a relevant topic: When organizing a lecture for the school, it's essential to choose a topic that is relevant and interesting to students. Consider their interests and needs to ensure that the lecture will be engaging and informative.2. Invite a knowledgeable speaker: The success of a lecture largely depends on the speaker's expertise and presentation skills. Choose a knowledgeable speaker who can effectively communicate their ideas and engage the audience.3. Promote the event: To ensure a good turnout, promote the lecture through various channels such as social media, posters, and announcements. Encourage students to attend by highlighting the benefits of the lecture and why it's worth their time.Conclusion:Organizing a lecture for the school is a valuable opportunity to inspire and educate students. By inviting experts in various fields and choosing relevant topics, a lecture can provide students with a unique learning experience that can help them grow and succeed in their academic and professional careers. By following the tips provided in this article, you can ensure that the lecture is a successful event that leaves a lasting impact on students.篇3Title: A Brief Introduction to School LectureIntroduction:Lectures at school are an essential part of academic learning and personal development. They provide students with the opportunity to learn from experts in various fields, gain new insights, and broaden their knowledge base. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of school lectures and how they contribute to the overall educational experience.Importance of School Lectures:1. Exposure to Different Perspectives: School lectures bring experts from diverse backgrounds and disciplines to share their knowledge and experiences with students. This exposure allows students to gain a deeper understanding of various subjects and encourages them to think critically and explore different perspectives.2. Enhancement of Learning: Lectures provide students with the opportunity to supplement their textbook learning with real-world examples and practical applications. This hands-on approach helps students to understand complex concepts better and apply them in their academic studies and future careers.3. Networking Opportunities: School lectures also offer students the chance to connect with industry professionals, scholars, and experts in their field of interest. This networking opportunity can lead to internships, research collaborations, and other valuable connections that can enhance their academic and professional development.4. Personal Growth: Attending school lectures can also contribute to students' personal growth by exposing them to new ideas, challenging their beliefs, and expanding their horizons. It encourages them to question the status quo, think critically, and become lifelong learners.Types of School Lectures:1. Academic Lectures: These lectures are delivered by professors, researchers, and scholars in various academic disciplines. They focus on specific topics, theories, and research findings in their field of expertise.2. Career Development Lectures: These lectures are geared towards helping students explore different career paths, develop essential skills, and navigate the job market. They often feature industry professionals, career counselors, and alumni sharing their insights and advice.3. Motivational Lectures: These lectures aim to inspire and empower students by sharing personal stories of success, perseverance, and overcoming challenges. They motivate students to set goals, work hard, and achieve their dreams.Conclusion:In conclusion, school lectures play a crucial role in the academic and personal development of students. They provide valuable insights, foster critical thinking, and encourage lifelong learning. By attending lectures, students can expand their knowledge, network with experts, and grow both academically and personally. Therefore, it is essential for schools to continue organizing and promoting lectures as a vital part of the educational experience.。
美国哈佛大学 数学系使用教材
Intersection William theory Fulton James R. Munkres
Topology
Prentice Hall Princeton University Press AddisonWesley
2000
John W. Characterist Milnor and ic classes James D. Stasheff Probability and statistics Morris H. DeGroot
AddisonWesley
1965
O172 /S754(HF)
Dover
1990
O173 /K72(HF)
Wiley
1999
O174.1 /F667r(2)(H F)
Springer
1990
O177 /C767c(2)(H F)
A first course in differential geometry Mirror symmetry I
Chuan-Chih International 1997 Hsiung Press American Shing-Tung Mathematic 1998 Yau al Society Springer 1998
O186.1 /H873f(HF) O186.5 /M676 /v.1(HF) O187 /F974i1(2)( HF) O189 /M966(2)(H F) O189.3 /M659c(HF) O21 /D321(3)(HF )
1974
2002
An introduction to William probability Feller theory and its applications A philosophica Marquis de l essay on Laplace probabilities A first course in probability An introduction to stochastic modeling Sheldon Ross Howard M. Taylor, Samuel Karlin
introduction to mathematical statistics
Chapter 3
29
3.2.8
The number of missile hits on the plane is binomial with n = 6 and p = 0.2. The probability that the plane will crash is the probability that k ≥ 2. This event is the complement of the event that k = 0 or 1, so the probability is
Probabilities for the second system are binomial with n = 100 and p = 0.02. The probability that k ≥ 1 is 1 − (0.98)100 = 1 − 0.133 = 0.867
System 2 is superior from a bulb replacement perspective.
∑ service =
k
3 =0
⎛10
⎜ ⎝
k
⎞⎟(0.05)k ⎠
(0.95)10−k
= 0.599 + 0.315 + 0.075 + 0.010 = 0.999
3.2.6
Probabilities for the first system are binomial with n = 50 and p = 0.05. The probability that k ≥ 1 is 1 − (0.95)50 = 1 − 0.077 = 0.923.
2020智慧树,知到《英语演讲与辩论》章节测试【完整】
最新资料欢迎阅读2020 智慧树，知到《英语演讲与争辩》章节测试【完好答案】智慧树知到《英语演讲与争辩》章节测试答案第一章1、Which of the following is NOT one of the great English speakers in the history of the last one hundred years?A:Winston Churchil.B:Adam Smith.C:Martin Luther King.正确答案： Adam Smith.2、To draw audience”s attention,a good speaker always shows ___ to/for his/her speech.A:indifferenceB:passionC:a craze正确答案： passion3、What channel did Winston Churchill employ when making speech during the Second World War?A:Radio.B:Television.C:Internet.正确答案： Radio.4、 Without the nutritious base of_______, a good speechis impossible to occur.A:critical thinkingB:cultureC:Logic正确答案： culture5、Cicero,the greatest speech maker in ancient Rome, felt___ when making a speech.A:easyB:confidentC:nervous正确答案： nervous6、According to a professional speech consultant,___ can reduce stage fright by up to 75 percent.A:rich experienceB:preparationC:confidence正确答案： preparation7 、 Mr. Roosevelt was a very ethical speaker because_______.A:he was paralyzedB:he gave speechC:he managed to stand up and made a speech for his country 正确答案： he managedto stand up and made a speech for his country8 、 To get the attention and interest of the audience, you can take the following methods except_______.A:posing a questionB:telling a storyC:making a long statement正确答案： making a long statement9、 We can present the main points by employing the following orders except ___.A:chronological orderB:topical orderC:alphabetical order正确答案： alphabetical order10 、 The right postures of making a speech include the following except_______.A:planting your feet widelyB:hanging your arms loosely by your sideC:looking over your audience and smiling正确答案： planting your feet widely第二章1、If you have served as a volunteer teacher, probably you can talk about_______.A:your love for musicB:your experience of being a volunteer teacherC:your findings during the travel正确答案： your experience of being a volunteer teacher2、Which of the following is NOT one of the three general purposes of public speech?A:To inform.B:To persuade.C:To criticize.正确答案： To criticize.3、It ”s important to prevent your purpose from_______.A:being generalB:being clearC:being specific正确答案： being general4、Without an eye to observe and a mind to do real thinking, you cannot find the most suitable topic. ___A:TrueB:False正确答案： True5、“To impose legal measures andmoral criticism on domesticviolence ” is no more instructive than“domestic violence”.___A:TrueB:False正确答案： False6、Many experienced speakers consider _“ the very life of speeches”A:examplesB:statisticsC:testimony正确答案： examples7 、 ___ is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.A:A hypothetical exampleB:An extended exampleC:A brief example正确答案： A hypothetical example5最新资料欢迎阅读8、Lord Kelvin once said speaking about, and express “Whenyou can measure what you are it in ___, you know something aboutit.”A:examplesB:numbersC:testimony正确答案： numbers9、 Which of the following sources may not beconsidered reliable or trustworthy when a speaker citesstatistics from them?A:government websitesB:personal blogsC:academic institutions正确答案： personal blogs10、 In your speech you include the statement madeby a top student in your class to illustrate the importance of study habits, this kind of testimony is called ___A:expert testimonyB:peer testimonyC:celebrity testimony正确答案： peer testimony第三章1 、A good speaker always organizes his speech in a/an _ way so that the audience can follow his ideas from beginning to end.A:randomB:orderlyC:emotional正确答案： B2、Chronological order is a method of speech organizationin which the main points follow a _ pattern.A:spatialB:topicalC:time正确答案： C3 、 Comparatively speaking, the solution part is _ the problem part in problem-solution order.A:less important thanB:as important asC:more important than正确答案： C4、According to the lecture, which of the following mightNOT be the effect of insufficient sleep?A:Increased mistakesB:IrritabilityC:Optimism正确答案： C5、A good beginning _.A:prepares listeners for what is to comeB:doesn ”t tell listeners the main idea of the speechC:contributes little to the effect of the whole speech正确答案： A6、A good conclusion _.A:continues to discuss on the topic with presentingmore pointsB:alerts listeners that the speech is going toend C:ends the speech abruptly正确答案： B7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A:People all enjoy stories.B:Stories are attractive if they are provocative,amusing, dramatic or suspenseful.C:Stories may not be relevant to the topic if they are very interesting and funny.正确答案： C8、An outline can help you do the following EXCEPT .A:group your ideas into main points and see their logical connections.B:ensure that ideas flow from one to another.C:ensure that you will stand straight on the stage.正确答案： C9 、Which of the following is NOTincluded in the preparation outline?A:the title, specific purpose and central ideaB:the introduction, body and conclusionC:pauses and loudness of your voice正确答案： C10、 Why do we need to label the introduction, bodyand conclusion?A:Because this helps the outline look better.B:Because this marks each as a distinct part of the speech.C:Because this establishes your credibility.正确答案： B第四章1、Which of the following is NOT a reason for the speakerto use language clearly?A:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensiblebecause listeners cannot turn to a dictionary to discover their meaning.B:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners cannot reread an author ”s words to discover their meaning.C:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners are far from the speaker.正确答案： C2 、 What words can ensure that the ordinary listeners understand easily?A:short, old wordsB:big, bloated wordsC:technical terms正确答案： A3、Which statement is NOT correct about concrete words?A:Concrete words are words that you can see, feel, hear,smell, touch and taste.B: “Honesty, ”“pride,”and“patriotism”are concrete words.C:Concrete words refer to tangible objects-people,places, and things.正确答案： B4、What is NOT regarded as a way to achieve vividness inpublic speaking?A:ArticulationB:ImageryC:Rhythm正确答案： A5、Which of the following statement is NOT correct abouta good delivery?A:A good delivery combines a certain degree of formalitywith the best attributes of good conversation-directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness and a lively sense of communication.B:A good delivery is informal and resembles casual conversation.C:A good delivery should be direct, animated, livelyand expressive.正确答案： B6、The 3-step method to help organize an impromptu speech includes: 1) State the point you wish to make; 2) Support your point with evidence and reasoning and 3) .A:Summarize your pointB:Add humor to your conclusionC:Summarize your evidence正确答案： A7、Which of the following is NOTan advantages of speaking extemporaneously?A:It gives more precise control over thought and languagethan impromptu speaking.B:It offers greater spontaneity and directness than speaking from memory and reading from manuscript.C:It relieves the speaker of the burden of speaking in frontof a large audience.正确答案： C8、Which of the following graphs are usually used to compare proportions?A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.D:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： C9 、 Which of the following is not recommended when you prepare text slides?A:Choose a typeface that is simple and easy to read.B:Avoid a lot of different colors.C:Use all capital letters to emphasize a long sentence.D:Use a contrasting color or bold print to emphasize a word or phrase.正确答案： C10、____ show more clearly whether values are increasingor decreasing over time.A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.D:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： A第五章1、Whenyou want to inform your audience about the historyof Feminist Movement, you would most probably arrange it in ____ order.A:topicalB:problem-solutionC:causalD:chronological正确答案： D2 、 An informative speech aims to convey knowledge and understanding.A:TRUEB:FALSE正确答案： A3、The Greek philosopher______identifies three fundamental strategies for persuading an audience ：Ethos, Logos and Pathos.A:SocratesB:PlatoC:Aristotle正确答案： C4、 Questions of fact are based on whether a particulartopic is _.A:true or not trueB:right or wrongC:should or should not正确答案： A5、MoYan madea speech at the Nobel Banquet in the Stockholm City Hall to accept the Nobel Prize in 2012, and his speech is__A:a speech of introductionB:a speech of acceptanceC:a commemorative speechD:a speech of presentation正确答案： B6、Suppose Mo Yan, the Nobel laureate for Literature, isgoing to deliver a speech in your university. Then his speechis __A:an acceptance speechB:a speech of introductionC:a speech of presentationD:none of the above正确答案： D7 、The competitions that we have discussed in this chapter do NOT include __A:”FLTRP Cup” English Public Speaking ContestB: “21 Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition C:“Star of Outlook ” English Talent CompetitionD:National English Competition for College Students正确答案： D8、The online contest of“FLTRPCup”English Public Speaking Contest includes the following parts except __A:a 3-minute video of prepared speechB:response to questions through a video callC:role-playD:an online voting正确答案： C9 、 Who is NOT mentioned in this lecture as well-known debaters?A:Zhuge LiangB:ConfuciusC:Zhang Yi正确答案： B10 、From Socrates ” debate with his students,we know that _A:we should define what is good and what is evil according to different situations.B:good people never cheat others.C:we should not steal away our friend”s tool when he is committing suicide.正确答案： A。
数据分析英语报告模版(3篇)
第1篇Executive SummaryThis report presents the findings from a comprehensive data analysis of [Subject/Industry/Company Name]. The analysis was conducted using a variety of statistical and analytical techniques to uncover trends, patterns, and insights that are relevant to the decision-making process within the [Subject/Industry/Company Name]. The report is structured as follows:1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Data Overview4. Data Analysis5. Findings6. Recommendations7. Conclusion1. Introduction[Provide a brief overview of the report's purpose, the subject of the analysis, and the context in which the data was collected.]The objective of this report is to [state the objective of the analysis, e.g., identify market trends, assess customer satisfaction, or optimize business processes]. The data used in this analysis was sourced from [describe the data sources, e.g., internal databases, surveys, external market research reports].2. MethodologyThis section outlines the methods and techniques used to analyze the data.a. Data Collection- Describe the data collection process, including the sources of thedata and the methods used to collect it.b. Data Cleaning- Explain the steps taken to clean the data, such as removing duplicates, handling missing values, and correcting errors.c. Data Analysis Techniques- List the statistical and analytical techniques used, such asregression analysis, clustering, time series analysis, and machine learning algorithms.d. Tools and Software- Mention the tools and software used for data analysis, such as Python, R, Excel, and Tableau.3. Data OverviewIn this section, provide a brief overview of the data, including the following:- Data sources and types- Time period covered- Key variables and measures- Sample size and demographics4. Data AnalysisThis section delves into the detailed analysis of the data, using visualizations and statistical tests to illustrate the findings.a. Descriptive Statistics- Present descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance for the key variables.b. Data Visualization- Use charts, graphs, and maps to visualize the data and highlight key trends and patterns.c. Hypothesis Testing- Conduct hypothesis tests to determine the statistical significance of the findings.d. Predictive Modeling- If applicable, build predictive models to forecast future trends or outcomes.5. FindingsThis section summarizes the key findings from the data analysis.- Highlight the most important trends, patterns, and insights discovered.- Discuss the implications of these findings for the[Subject/Industry/Company Name].- Compare the findings to industry benchmarks or past performance.6. RecommendationsBased on the findings, provide actionable recommendations for the [Subject/Industry/Company Name].- Outline specific strategies or actions that could be taken to capitalize on the insights gained from the analysis.- Prioritize the recommendations based on potential impact and feasibility.7. ConclusionConclude the report by summarizing the key points and reiterating the value of the data analysis.- Reiterate the main findings and their significance.- Emphasize the potential impact of the recommendations on the [Subject/Industry/Company Name].- Suggest next steps or future areas of analysis.Appendices- Include any additional information or data that supports the report but is not essential to the main narrative.References- List all the sources of data and any external references used in the report.---Note: The following is an example of how the report might be structured with some placeholder content.---Executive SummaryThis report presents the findings from a comprehensive data analysis of the e-commerce sales trends for XYZ Corporation over the past fiscal year. The analysis aimed to identify key patterns in customer behavior, sales performance, and market dynamics to inform strategic decision-making. The report utilizes a variety of statistical and analytical techniques, including regression analysis, clustering, and time series forecasting. The findings suggest several opportunities for improving sales performance and customer satisfaction.1. Introduction[Placeholder: Provide an introduction to the report, including the purpose and context.]2. Methodologya. Data CollectionData for this analysis was collected from XYZ Corporation's internal sales database, which includes transactional data for all online sales over the past fiscal year. The dataset includes information on customer demographics, purchase history, product categories, and sales performance metrics.b. Data CleaningThe data was cleaned to ensure accuracy and consistency. This involved removing duplicate entries, handling missing values, and correcting any inconsistencies in the data.c. Data Analysis TechniquesStatistical techniques such as regression analysis were used to identify correlations between customer demographics and purchase behavior. Clustering was employed to segment customers based on their purchasing patterns. Time series forecasting was used to predict future sales trends.d. Tools and SoftwarePython and R were used for data analysis, with Excel and Tableau for data visualization.3. Data OverviewThe dataset covers a total of 10 million transactions over the past fiscal year, involving over 1 million unique customers. The data includes information on over 5,000 product categories.4. Data Analysisa. Descriptive Statistics[Placeholder: Present descriptive statistics for key variables, such as average order value, customer acquisition cost, and customer lifetime value.]b. Data Visualization[Placeholder: Include visualizations such as line graphs for sales trends over time, bar charts for product category performance, and pie charts for customer segmentation.]c. Hypothesis Testing[Placeholder: Describe the hypothesis testing conducted, such as testing the relationship between customer age and spending habits.]d. Predictive Modeling[Placeholder: Outline the predictive models developed, such as a model to forecast sales based on historical data and external market indicators.]5. FindingsThe analysis revealed several key findings:- Customers aged 25-34 are the highest spenders.- The product category with the highest growth rate is electronics.- The company's customer acquisition cost is higher than the industry average.6. RecommendationsBased on the findings, the following recommendations are made:- Target marketing efforts towards the 25-34 age group.- Invest in marketing campaigns for the electronics product category.- Reduce customer acquisition costs by optimizing marketing channels.7. ConclusionThe data analysis provides valuable insights into XYZ Corporation's e-commerce sales performance and customer behavior. By implementing the recommended strategies, the company can improve its sales performance and enhance customer satisfaction.Appendices[Placeholder: Include any additional data or information that supports the report.]References[Placeholder: List all the sources of data and any external references used in the report.]---This template serves as a guide for structuring a comprehensive data analysis report. Adjust the content and format as needed to fit the specific requirements of your analysis and audience.第2篇Executive Summary:This report presents a comprehensive analysis of customer purchase behavior on an e-commerce platform. By examining various data points and employing advanced analytical techniques, we aim to uncover trends, patterns, and insights that can inform business strategies, enhance customer experience, and drive sales growth. The report is structuredinto several sections, including an overview of the dataset, methodology, results, and recommendations.1. Introduction1.1 Background:The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed the retail landscape, offering businesses unprecedented opportunities to reach a global audience. Understanding customer purchase behavior is crucial for e-commerce platforms to tailor their offerings, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability.1.2 Objectives:The primary objectives of this analysis are to:- Identify key trends in customer purchase behavior.- Understand the factors influencing customer decisions.- Propose strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and drive sales.2. Dataset Overview2.1 Data Sources:The dataset used for this analysis is a combination of transactional data, customer demographics, and product information obtained from an e-commerce platform.2.2 Data Description:The dataset includes the following variables:- Customer demographics: Age, gender, location, income level.- Purchase history: Product categories purchased, purchase frequency, average order value.- Product information: Product category, price, brand, rating.- Transactional data: Purchase date, time, payment method, shipping address.3. Methodology3.1 Data Cleaning:Prior to analysis, the dataset was cleaned to address missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies.3.2 Data Exploration:Initial data exploration was conducted to identify patterns, trends, and relationships within the dataset.3.3 Statistical Analysis:Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the dataset and identify key characteristics of customer purchase behavior.3.4 Predictive Modeling:Advanced predictive models, such as regression analysis and clustering, were employed to identify factors influencing customer purchase decisions.3.5 Visualization:Data visualization techniques were used to present the results in an easily interpretable format.4. Results4.1 Customer Demographics:Analysis revealed that the majority of customers are between the ages of 25-34, with a slight male majority. Customers from urban areas tend to have higher average order values.4.2 Purchase Behavior:The dataset showed a strong preference for electronics and fashion products, with a significant number of repeat purchases in these categories. The average order value was highest during festive seasons and weekends.4.3 Influencing Factors:Several factors were identified as influential in customer purchase decisions, including product price, brand reputation, and customer reviews.4.4 Predictive Models:Predictive models accurately predicted customer purchase behavior based on the identified influencing factors.5. Discussion5.1 Key Findings:The analysis confirmed that customer demographics, product categories, and influencing factors play a significant role in shaping purchase behavior on the e-commerce platform.5.2 Limitations:The analysis was limited by the availability of data and the scope of the study. Further research could explore the impact of additional factors, such as marketing campaigns and social media influence.6. Recommendations6.1 Enhancing Customer Experience:- Implement personalized product recommendations based on customer purchase history.- Offer targeted promotions and discounts to encourage repeat purchases.6.2 Improving Marketing Strategies:- Allocate marketing budgets to products with high customer demand and positive reviews.- Develop targeted marketing campaigns for different customer segments.6.3 Product Development:- Invest in product development based on customer preferences and feedback.- Monitor market trends to stay ahead of the competition.7. ConclusionThis report provides valuable insights into customer purchase behavior on an e-commerce platform. By understanding the factors influencing customer decisions, businesses can tailor their strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and drive sales growth. The recommendations outlined in this report can serve as a roadmap for businesses looking to capitalize on the e-commerce market.References:- Smith, J., & Johnson, L. (2020). "Customer Purchase Behavior in E-commerce: A Review." Journal of E-commerce Studies, 15(2), 45-60.- Brown, A., & White, M. (2019). "The Role of Customer Demographics inE-commerce Success." International Journal of Marketing Research, 12(3), 78-95.Appendix:- Detailed data visualization plots and tables.- Code snippets for predictive modeling.---This template provides a comprehensive structure for an English reporton data analysis. You can expand on each section with specific data, insights, and recommendations tailored to your dataset and analysis objectives.第3篇---Executive SummaryThis report presents the findings of a comprehensive data analysis conducted on [Subject of Analysis]. The analysis aimed to [State the objective of the analysis]. The report outlines the methodology employed, the key insights derived from the data, and the recommendations based on the findings.---1. Introduction1.1 BackgroundProvide a brief background on the subject of analysis, including any relevant historical context or industry trends.1.2 ObjectiveClearly state the objective of the data analysis. What specificquestions or problems are you trying to address?1.3 ScopeDefine the scope of the analysis. What data sources were used? What time frame is covered?---2. Methodology2.1 Data CollectionExplain how the data was collected. Describe the data sources, data collection methods, and any limitations associated with the data.2.2 Data ProcessingDetail the steps taken to process the data. This may include data cleaning, data transformation, and data integration.2.3 Analytical TechniquesDescribe the analytical techniques used. This could include statistical analysis, predictive modeling, machine learning, or other relevant methods.2.4 Tools and SoftwareList the tools and software used in the analysis. For example, Python, R, SAS, SPSS, Excel, etc.---3. Data Analysis3.1 Descriptive StatisticsPresent descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance to summarize the central tendency and spread of the data.3.2 Data VisualizationUse charts, graphs, and maps to visualize the data. Explain what each visualization represents and how it contributes to understanding the data.3.3 Hypothesis TestingIf applicable, discuss the hypothesis testing conducted. State the null and alternative hypotheses, the test statistics, and the p-values.3.4 Predictive ModelingIf predictive modeling was part of the analysis, describe the model built, the evaluation metrics used, and the model's performance.---4. Key Insights4.1 Major FindingsSummarize the major findings of the analysis. What trends, patterns, or relationships were discovered?4.2 ImplicationsDiscuss the implications of the findings for the business, industry, or research question at hand.4.3 LimitationsAcknowledge any limitations of the analysis. How might these limitations affect the validity or generalizability of the findings?---5. RecommendationsBased on the findings, provide actionable recommendations. These should be practical, specific, and tailored to the context of the analysis.5.1 Short-term RecommendationsOffer recommendations that can be implemented in the near term to address immediate issues or opportunities.5.2 Long-term RecommendationsProvide recommendations for strategies that can be developed over a longer period to support sustainable outcomes.---6. ConclusionReiterate the main findings and their significance. Emphasize the value of the analysis and how it contributes to the understanding of the subject matter.---7. AppendicesInclude any additional material that supports the report but is not essential to the main body. This could be detailed data tables, code snippets, or additional visualizations.---ReferencesList all the sources cited in the report, following the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).---8. About the AuthorProvide a brief biography of the author(s) of the report, including their qualifications and relevant experience.---9. Contact InformationInclude the contact information for the author(s) or the organization responsible for the report.---This template is designed to be flexible, allowing you to tailor the content to the specific requirements of your data analysis project. Remember to ensure that the report is clear, concise, and accessible to the intended audience.。
你校邀请武警做交通安全的讲座,介绍此次活动的英语作文
我校武警交通安全讲座英语作文 1 英文作文： Yesterday, our school held a traffic safety lecture given by the armed police. It was an extremely meaningful event. The lecture hall was filled with students and teachers, all eager to learn about traffic safety.
The armed police officer started by sharing a real-life traffic accident case. He described in detail how a driver who was speeding and not paying attention to traffic signs caused a serious accident, injuring several people. This vivid example really hit home and made us realize the importance of following traffic rules.
He then went on to explain various traffic signs and signals, and emphasized the need to always be vigilant when crossing the road. We were reminded that even a small mistake like jaywalking can lead to disastrous consequences.
During the lecture, I couldn't help but think about my own behavior on the road. I realized that I sometimes rush when crossing the street without looking properly. After hearing the lecture, I promised myself that I would be more careful and always follow traffic rules.
Lec1
1.2
1. R
Differences between R and S
Ross Ihaka Insightful Robert Gentleman S S-PLUS . . old S engine , . S AT&T
2. R
S :
S (S version 3; S-Plus 3.x
and 4.x), new S engine (S version 4; S-Plus 5.x and above), R. R S engines . S S ,R R .
S> cube(2) Error in sq(): Dumped S> n <- 3 S> cube(2) [1] 18
Object "n"not found
Previous Next First Last Back Forward
3
1. INTRODUCTION
↓Example
R
, cube()
Lecture 1: R
(
)
Thursday 27th August, 2009
Previous Next First Last Back Forward
a
Contents
1 Introduction 1.1 R website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Differences between R and S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Start with R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Data with R 2.1 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Reading data in a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Saving data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 generating data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Manipulating objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 Creating objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.2 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.3 Accessing the values of an object: the indexing system 2.5.4 Accessing the values of an object with names . . . . 2.5.5 Arithmetics and simple functions . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.6 Matrix Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 5 12 12 18 22 23 28 28 36 40 43 45 50
introduction_to_R
What R is and what it is not
R is
a programming language a statistical package an interpreter Open Source
R is not
a database a collection of “black boxes” a spreadsheet software package commercially supported
To obtain and install R on your computer
Go to /mirrors.html to choose a mirror near you
Click on your favorite operating system (Linux, Mac, or Windows) Download and install the “base”
Intended to interactively support research and data analysis projects
Exclusively licensed to Insightful (“S-Plus”) R: Open source platform similar to S developed by R.
R – a brief introduction
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Pattern season Block 1 0.05739514 2 0.05518764 3 0.05518764 4 0.05518764 5 0.05518764 6 0.05518764 Pure 0.05739514 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764 Random 0.05739514 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764 0.05518764
Other tests for equal variance
bartlett.test(incidence,Pattern)
Bartlett test of homogeneity of variances data: incidence and Pattern Bartlett's K-squared = 172.4977, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16
Homogeneity of variance
Constancy of variance (homoscedasticity) is the
most important assumption underlying regression and analysis of variance For two samples, you can use F-test For multiple samples you can choose between the Bartlett test and the Fligner–Killeen test Fisher and Bartlett tests are very sensitive to outliers, whereas Fligner–Killeen test is not
Frequencies tables
You can generate frequency tables: table( ) function tables of proportions: prop.table( ) function marginal frequencies: margin.table( ) function
Residuals should be normal
Test for normality Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test: shapiro.test() Skew + kurtosis (t test)
Graphic display of residuals
Normality
Before we can carry out a test assuming normality
of the data we need to test our distribution (not always before!!!) In many cases we must check this assumption after having fitted the model (e.g. regression or ANOVA)
Tabulate
as.data.frame.table(tapply(incidence,list(season,Pattern),mean))
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Var1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Var2 Freq Block 5.759882 Block 6.202778 Block 8.463750 Block 7.442917 Block 7.150833 Block 7.050833 Pure 10.265358 Pure 12.447222 Pure 11.204514 Pure 9.990625 Pure 9.469236 Pure 8.794931 Random 3.504274 Random 4.015000 Random 3.209861 Random 2.766250 Random 2.995000 Random 3.130000
Frequency and cross tabulations
Summary
summary(data)
Sample Min. : 1.000 1st Qu.: 5.000 Median : 9.000 Mean : 9.483 3rd Qu.:14.000 Max. :18.000 Pattern Block :151 Pure :151 Random:151 Season Min. :1.000 1st Qu.:2.000 Median :3.000 Mean :3.483 3rd Qu.:5.000 Max. :6.000 Time Min. : 0.00 1st Qu.:14.00 Median :26.00 Mean :25.83 3rd Qu.:38.00 Max. :50.00 Random Min. : 0.01389 1st Qu.: 0.25694 Median : 1.77778 Mean : 6.87883 3rd Qu.: 9.06250 Max. :55.02778
Temperature data
metdata<read.table(file.choose(),header=TRUE) attach(metdata) hist(Temp,freq=FALSE) lines(density(Temp),col="red")
Histogram of Temp
Density
Frequency table
table(season,Pattern)
Pattern season Block Pure Random 1 26 26 26 2 25 25 25 3 25 25 25 4 25 25 25 5 25 25 25 6 25 25 25
Proportion table
Hypothesis testing using a ttest
We take a sample from a treated population We do not know the mean or variance of this treated population But we do know the mean of the untreated population The null hypothesis states that the treatment has no effect
wilcox.test(Temp,mu=18) Wilcoxon signed rank test with continuity correction
data: Temp V = 2959, p-value < 2.2e-16 alternative hypothesis: true location is not equal to 18
F test
x1<-rnorm(40,10,3) y1<-rnorm(40,10,4) var.test(x1,y1)
F test to compare two variances data: x1 and y1 F = 0.5082, num df = 39, denom df = 39, p-value = 0.03744 alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1 95 percent confidence interval: 0.2687629 0.9607786 sample estimates: ratio of variances 0.5081552
Plot
22 Sample Quantiles
Qqnorm(Temp) Qqline(Temp,lty=2)
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1
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Temperature data
shpiro.test(Temp) Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: Temp W = 0.9808, p-value = 0.009486
tapply(incidence,Pattern,var)
Tabulate
season<-factor(Season) tapply(incidence,list(season,Pattern),mean)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Block Pure Random 5.759882 10.265358 3.504274 6.202778 12.447222 4.015000 8.463750 11.204514 3.209861 7.442917 9.990625 2.766250 7.150833 9.469236 2.995000 7.050833 8.794931 3.130000
Data summary and simple statistical tests
Outline
T-test
Non-parametric tests Exact tests
Diagnostics Multiple linear regression Anova Multiple comparisons
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Quantile-Quantile plot