非谓语动词讲解及练习

英语非谓语动词讲解 概念： 非谓语动词是指现在分词, 过去分词、不定式三种形式，即： V-ing , V-ed , to do。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 用法： 非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 后置定语 宾语补足语 状语 V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ to do √ √ √ √ √ √ 一． 动词不定式 (to do) 1. 变形：to do to be doing to be done to have done to have been done a. 明天要来的那个人是我的老师。 The person (who is) to come tomorrow is my teacher. b. 下个月要建的那座桥是由Mary设计的。 The bridge (which is) to be built is designed by Mary. c.妈妈进来的时候他假装睡着了。 He pretended to have already slept when his mother came in. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. d.房间似乎已经被打扫干净了。 The room seemed to have been cleaned. e. 我给她打电话的时候，她正好在逛街。 She happened to be shopping when I called her. 2. 否定 not to do 先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。 1．To learn a foreign language is difficult . 2． His wish is to be a driver . 3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5．I have nothing to say . 6．They went to see their aunt . 7．It’s easy to see their aunt. 8．I don’t know what to do next . 9． I heard them make a noise .

1.动词不定式作主语。 a. 表示一种目的，将要，要去做什么 Eg. To learn English well is not easy. To realize your dream is not easy if you don’t work hard.

b. it 做形式主语，to do 不定式作真正的主语 it is \ was + adj. (for sb. \ of sb.) to do sth 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . It’s necessary for you to study hard . It’s foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有： good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible

1. 不定式作表语 My dream is to become a singer. The purpose of the project is to know why human

2. 动词不定式作宾语 后接不定式作宾语的动词有： remain, want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc. 需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。 sb + think \ make \ find \ feel + it + adj.\ n. + to do sth. (easy \ difficult \ hard \ necessary\ right\ wrong\ possible \ impossible\ a shame \ a pity) We think it important to obey the laws . 4. 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meetings to attend. Please lend me something to write with. He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2）主谓关系： She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . ----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I ) -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now. ( 逻辑主语不是I ) a. 明天要来的那个人是我的老师。 The person (who is) to come tomorrow is my teacher. b. 下个月要建的那座桥是由Mary设计的。 The bridge (which is) to be built is designed by Mary. 5. 不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1） 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . I am glad to help you. 这种结构中常用的形容词有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 结果 I hurried to get there, only to find him out . The rain lasted a week, causing severe flood in a lot of places. The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 6. 不定式作补足语

ask \ tell \ allow \ permit \ command \ request \ wish sb. to do sth Eg. My mother allowed me to buy a mobile phone finally. They are believed to have discussed the problem. He is believed to be living in Mexico.

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有： see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice I saw him play in the street just now . 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.

7. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to sth, object to, be close to , come to (when it comes to sth \ doing sth) , lead to , refer to , be equal to , be familiar to , point to , thank to , be devoted to , be accustomed to, be addicted to, next to , belong to , be used to doing, look forward to

9． 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . （ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）

二． V-ing及V-ed形式 1. 变形： doing being done having done having been done

V-ed 2.否定 not doing