翻译技巧之重复法
翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧翻译常用的八种技巧1.重译法（repetition）2.增译法(amplification)3.减译法(omission)4.词类转移法（conversion）5.词序调整法（inversion）6.分译法（division）7.正说反译、反说正译法（negation）8.语态变换法（the change of the voices）第一节重译法（repetition）在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实地表达原文的意思。
这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。
重译法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的是上文出现的词。
重译法有三个作用：一是为了明确；而是为了强调；三是为了生动。
一、为了明确，有时需要重复宾语。
在英语中，一句话里两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。
而在汉语中，这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。
定语后的名词亦是如此。
如：1.We have to analyse and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
2.I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I can not keep.我想吃什么就吃什么，想喝什么就和什么，眼睛睁不开了就睡觉。
3.人类利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use naturalscience to understand and change nature.4.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation oftenshowthemselves in its speech.民族的贵族倾向和民族倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
5.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
Let’s revise our safety andsanitary regulations.二、英语常用省略，但为了明确，也为了强调某些内容，在汉语中常常要将省去的部分重译出来。
重复翻译法
Repetition of Verb
英语中一个动词常跟几个宾语或表语，汉译 时往往重复这个动词。 e.g. Is he a friend or an enemy? — 他是朋友还是敌人呢？ e.g. They talked about about his family, about his work and about his future. — 他们谈到他的家庭，（谈到）他的工作， 还谈到他的前程。
Repetition of Noun
n.+substitute 英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习惯用代替词表 示替代，汉语则重复原词。这里的代替词包括 物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，同义词，the same, so, do(as), etc. e.g. Jack kicked the ball to Henry and Henry kicked it back to Jack. — 杰克把球踢给亨利，亨利又（把球）踢回给 杰克。
e.g. My room is lighter than the one next door. — 我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。 e.g. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is hardly any in the house. — 假如你还需要钱，就得去银行取些出来， 家里没多少钱了。 e.g. The best watches are those made in Switzerland. — 最好的表是瑞士表。 e.g. Happy families also have their own troubles. — 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
运用对仗
英语对仗句式前后两部分常有词的重 复，译成汉语时应尽可能保持同样词的重 复。 e.g. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. — 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 e.g. Out of sight, out of mind. — 眼不见，心不念。
实用商务英语 项目6-标识语翻译与英汉翻译技巧之重复法
学习任务
二、标识的语言特点 1. 大量使用名词短语、动词短语或动名词 2. 标识语简单凝练，措辞精确 3. 标识语具有很强的规约性 4. 为了强调所传递的信息，标识英语常常使用大写字母，并省略标点符号 5. 标识语在语言运用效果上力求引人注目(eye-catching)
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二、标识的语言特点
学习任务
一、标识的定义及标识语的分类 (二) 标识的分类 1. 根据标识语的语言风格和语气特征分类 (1) 指示性标识语(directive public signs) (2) 提示性标识语(informative public signs) (3) 警示性标识语(cautionary public signs) (4) 限制性标识语(restrictive public signs) (5) 强制性标识语(mandatory public signs)
油漆未干 Wet Paint
此货暂缺 Out of Stock
正在维修 Under Repair 保留车位 Reserved
此门关闭，请走旁门 Out of Use, Please Use the Other Doors
请右侧站立(自动扶梯) Please Stand On the Right
请在此处交款 Please Pay Here
地铁 Underground
公共厕所 Public Toilet
问询服务 Information
学习任务
一、标识的定义及标识语的分类
(二) 标识的分类
1. 根据标识语的语言风格和语气特征分类
(2) 提示性标识语(informative public signs)
提示性标识语为公众提供有关告知性信息。比如：
第5章-英汉翻译中的重复翻译法
小结：
重复名词
Let us revise our safety and sanitary
regulations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。
重复动词
He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great fish, nor of fights.
他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见大鱼，也不再梦见搏斗。
my bookcase you like best.
我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本，你就可以 借哪一本。
He supplied his works not only with biographies, but with portraits of
their supposed authors.
他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且 还提供假想作者的画像。
He became an oil baron —— all by
himself.
他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油 大王。
重复动词
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other— of everything but our host and hostess.
the people.
Volvo earnings rise by eleven percent in first quarter
1. Volvo, the Swedish automotive, energy and food group, increased its profits by ten point nine percent in the first quarter of this year despite a fall of five percent in group turnover.
翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧1.增译法、增词法：amplification2.重译法、重复法：repetition3.省译法、减词法：omission4.词性转换法、词类转移法：conversion5.正说反译、反说正译法：negation6.语态变换法：the change of the voices7.分译法、分句法（OPP：合句法）：division8.语序调整法、词序调整法（顺序法与逆序法）inversion增词法译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。
要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换，有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词，然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。
不同语言文字所持有的习惯决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词（或减词）达到语言交际的目的。
如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想，精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。
例1 听到你平安的消息，非常高兴！译文: I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety！例2对不起，打扰一下！译文: Excuse me for interrupting you！（增补作宾语的代词you）例3 Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.译文：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
（译文中添补了谓语和宾语：增词法；重译法）例4：We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.译文：我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也绝不后退。
翻译技巧增词法与重复法
增译法（Amplification）
英译汉时的增词情况
根据词义或修辞需要增词 A professor of mine once said: 教过我的一位教授曾说过：…
The atmosphere moderates daytime temperature and retards night heat loss. 大气层能缓和白天气温的上升和阻止 夜间热量的损耗。
3. He became an oil baron---all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王， --- 一个白手起家的 石油大王。 4. This has been our position---but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场，而不是他们的立场。
为了生动重复 But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆 知了。 If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意 in time, we would have prevented the accident. 要是我们及时知道那件事， 事故本来 是可以防止的。（虚拟语气） After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena. 观察了数年之后他发现了许多重要现象。 （数）
成功的科学家似乎总是充满好奇心。 I didn’t know that computers had been used so widely. 我以前还不知道电脑却原来被如此广泛 地应用。
翻译技巧
2.十种翻译技巧了解完四种翻译方法后，我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧，即重复法(repetition)，增词法(amplification)，省略法(omission)，词类转换法(conversion)，词序调整法(inversion)，拆译法(division)，正说反译和反说正译法(negation)，语态变换法(voice changes)，引申法和句子成分转译法。
2.2.1重复法(repetition)重复法(repetition)是在翻译中，为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确，文字通顺、流畅，符合目的语习惯的文字，而将某一部分文字反复使用的翻译技巧。
例子：1. You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary manin the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to th em in German. （重复谓语动词）你一定要问一问家庭主妇们，问一问街头玩耍的孩子，问一问集市上做买卖的百姓，听听他们说些什么，他们如何说，你就如何译；这样他们就会理解，就会明白：你是在用德语和他们讲话。
2. We have to analyze and solve problems. (重复宾语)我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重复省略的部分) 无知是畏惧之源，羡慕之根。
4. But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代内容的重复)但我们仍有不足，而且是很大的不足。
英汉翻译(7)重复法
• 7) They've made everything tense and unpleasant. • 他们把什么事都搞得很紧张，都搞得 令人不快。 • 8) It's on this basis that we reexamine the world, our region and ourselves. • 我们正是在此基础上，重新估价世界， 估价我们所处的区域，估价我们自己的。
• 11) All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize. • 所有这些活动的安排只不过是这次舞 会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。 • 12) They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building. • 他们悄然溜到了室外，故意不到厨房 去，虽然厨房也是个宽敞的独立楼舍。
• 13) He encouraged this bumptious young man to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time. • 他鼓励这个狂妄的年轻人写自己的故乡——写 故乡的荒凉和贫困，写故乡未老先衰的女人。 • 14) But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. • 可他老婆总是在他耳边唠叨个没完。说他懒 惰，说他粗心，还说他一家人都要毁在他的身 上。
翻译重复法
练习：
I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.
我自认为是一个批评联合国的爱护者和爱护 联合国的批评者。
但是，有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译 “多枝共干”结构中的重复并不一定都 采用完全相同的词（语）。
(2).The purpose of radar is to obtain,process and display information. 雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息、显示信息。
重复共同修饰的名词
She has already published a number of political and technical treatises. 她已发表了数篇政治论文和科技论文。
代指
The silks of China are better than those of any other countries.
中国的绸缎比任何其他国家的绸缎都物美价廉。
练习：
Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French. 英译汉不如英译法容易。
重复共同的定语
It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure. 这需要能耐高温高压的材料。
It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and (such materials as can bear) pressure.
重译法
Exercises:
It goes without saying that big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other men.
All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 一切物质都由分子所组成，分子又是由原子所组成。 It is known that in vacuum light bodies will fall as fast as heavy ones. 众所周知，在真空中轻的物体同重的物体降落得一样 快。 You may ask whoever is willing to help you. Don’t come to me. 只要有人愿意帮你，你爱找谁就找谁，就是别找我。
The silks of China are better than those of any other countries. 中国的丝绸比任何其他国家的丝绸都物美价 廉。 We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在 亚非各国越来越得人心了。
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重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。
翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
一、为了明确（一）重复名词1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词1）Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2）I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
3）They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
4）Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.这样，我就写了《战斗中的西班牙（一九三七年）》。
我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国，后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词1）He became an oil baron -- all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
2）This has been our position -- but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3）John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。
1）The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
2）The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine.尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事。
3）We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。
4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
1）May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, t hrough you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the w orld.让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。
2）They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow.他们举行了示威游行和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中。
3）The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重复先行词。
1）The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from "Shangri-la", the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。
2）All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。
3）Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。
4）No one dared to walk out of Johnson's Administration, because they knew if they did, two men were going to follow their ass to the end of the earth, Mr. J. Edgar Hoover and the head of the Internal Revenue Service.没有人敢向约翰逊辞职。
因为他们知道，要是谁胆敢这样做，就会有两个人在他们屁股后面跟到天涯海角，这两个人便是埃德加·胡佛先生和国内税务局局长。
（二）重复动词1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。
1）Is he a friend or an enemy?他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？2）The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。
3）For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother.足足有十分钟，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
4）Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow)毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。
5）They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Mao's Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions.他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。
2. 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。
1）We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other -- of everything but our host and hostess.我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
2）And the body lay white and still beneath the pines, all bathed in sunshine and in blood.这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，浴于血泊中。
3）He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength.他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。
4）He supplied his works not only with biographies, but with portraits of their supposed authors.他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假想作者的画像。
有时，英语中连前置词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。
1）But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。
2）They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
3）But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen.但是他们并没有把感情流露出来，只是斯斯文文地讲起海流，讲起他们把钓丝送进海水的深度，讲起好久不变的好天气，还讲起他们所看到的一切。