刘乃银英语泛读4(第三版)课文翻译

合集下载

(绝对真实)英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案

(绝对真实)英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案

(绝对真实)英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案(绝对真实)英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案Unit 1: Friendship1. Reading Comprehensiona. Ab. Bc. Cd. Ce. D2. Vocabularya. mutualb. companionshipc. trustworthinessd. betrayale. bond3. Cloze Passagea. createdb. supportd. conflictse. maintaining4. Sentence Completiona. enrichingb. overcomec. sincerityd. regarde. valuableUnit 2: Environment1. Reading Comprehensiona. Cb. Ac. Dd. Ce. B2. Vocabularya. sustainableb. pollutiond. conservatione. renewable3. Cloze Passagea. reduceb. consumptionc. responsibled. environmente. consequences4. Sentence Completiona. devastatingb. preservingc. initiativesd. diminishe. CooperatingUnit 3: Health1. Reading Comprehensiona. Db. Cc. Bd. Ae. D2. Vocabularya. physicalb. psychologicalc. wellbeingd. lifestylee. nutritious3. Cloze Passagea. maintainingb. balancec. incorporated. emotionale. detrimental4. Sentence Completiona. optimizingb. boostc. resilienced. combatinge. meditationUnit 4: Technology1. Reading Comprehensiona. Bb. Dc. Ad. Ce. B2. Vocabularya. innovationb. accessiblec. efficiencyd. advancemente. revolutionize3. Cloze Passagea. enhanceb. productivityc. revolutione. convenience4. Sentence Completiona. transformb. revolutionizedc. autonomousd. facilitatee. paramountUnit 5: Education1. Reading Comprehensiona. Cb. Dc. Bd. Ae. D2. Vocabularya. acquireb. literacyc. curriculume. scholarship3. Cloze Passagea. accessibleb. intellectualc. acquired. foundatione. diverse4. Sentence Completiona. Invaluableb. interactc. impartingd. extensivee. elevateNote: This answer key is based on the third edition of the English Reading Tutorial by Liu Naiyin, Book 2. Please consult your teacher or refer to the textbook for further clarification on any answers.。

Cloze 5 英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)

Cloze 5 英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Cloze 5Who hasn't wanted to master not just two languages but 10? Take Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th-century priest who was said to be 1 in as many as 50 languages. Native speakers came from all over the world to test his2 , and many left astonished.In Babel No More, Michael Erard investigates the legend of Mezzofanti and3 linguistic prodigies. Early on Erard asks what it4 to really know a language. Claire Kramsch, a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley, tells him the question should not be "How many languages do you know?" but rather "In how many languages do you live?" Understanding the cultural nuances of a 5 requires extensive ongoing 6 with its speakers, and for that7 Kramsch doubts that anyone could ever live in more than four or five languages.Fair enough, but what about astonishing feats of memory and computation that people display when they 8 up a new language, or eight? Erard 9 out that, for no good reason, this question has been neglected by science. After all, we study extraordinary 10 in mathematics and music; why not linguistic geniuses?1.Fluent2.abilities/ability/competence/proficiency/aptitude3.other4.meansnguage6.Contac7.reason8.pick9.point10.a ptitude/competence。

完整英语课文翻译 泛读教程2第三版(刘乃银)

完整英语课文翻译 泛读教程2第三版(刘乃银)

第一单元:梦想的阴暗之面艾力克斯? 哈利许多人怀有美好的愿望,期望能成为作家,但是能够梦想成真的人不多。

艾力克斯? 哈利也想成为作家,可是他成功了。

阅读下面这篇文章,看一看他成功的原因。

许多青年人对我说,他们想成为作家。

我一直鼓励这样的人,但是我也向他们解释“成为作家”和写作之间存在着巨大的差别。

多数情况下这些年轻人梦寐以求的是财富与名誉,从未想到要孤身一人长久地坐在打字机旁。

“你们渴望的应该是写作,”我对他们说,“而不应该是当作家。

”事实上,写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作。

有一个被命运之神垂青的作家,就有成千上万个永远无法实现梦想的人。

即使那些成功人士也经常受到长久的冷落,穷困不堪。

我便是其中之一。

我放弃了在海岸警卫队做了二十年的工作,为的是成为一名自由撰稿人,这时,我根本没有前途可言。

我所拥有的只是一位住在纽约市的朋友,乔治? 西姆斯,他和我是在田纳西州的赫宁一起长大的。

乔治为我找了个家,位于格林威治村公寓大楼中的一间腾空的储藏室,而他是那幢大楼的管理员。

房子里冷嗖嗖的,没有卫生间,不过这没什么。

我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机,感觉自己颇象一位名符其实的作家。

然而,大约一年后,我的写作生涯依然没有任何起色,我开始怀疑自己。

卖出一篇小说是如此艰难,以至我几乎填不饱肚子。

但是,我清楚的是我想写作,我已梦寐以求了许多年。

我并不准备成为一名到死时还在想假如的人。

我会坚持把我的梦想付诸实践-- 即使这梦想意味着不稳定的生活和对失败的恐惧。

这是希望的阴暗面,任何心存梦想的人都必须学会在这阴暗面下生存。

后来有一天,我接到了一个电话,由此改变了我的一生。

这并不是一位代理人或编辑打来电话,主动要求与我签大的稿约。

恰恰相反-- 是一声鸣笛,诱使我放弃梦想。

打电话来的是海岸警卫队的老熟人,现在在旧金山。

他曾经借给我几美元,喜欢催我还给他。

“我什么时候才能拿到那十五美元,艾力克斯?”他逗我说。

“等我下一次卖出作品吧。

英语泛读教程第三版刘乃银编平台答案含cloze和etr精编asse

英语泛读教程第三版刘乃银编平台答案含cloze和etr精编asse

英语泛读教程第三版刘乃银编平台答案含c l o z e和e t r精编a s s e文件编码(TTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-0089)U n i t 1Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.cD. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.bFast reading1.d2.b3.d4.d5.a6.a7.b8.a9.a 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.cHome Reading1.d2.a3.c4.d5.d6.a7.a8. bCloze11.going/about/trying2.expectations/predictions3.questions4.answers5. predictions/expectations6.Tell7.know/foretell8.develop/present9.worthExtra Passage 1 Key:BBCAUnit 2Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.aD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.cFast reading1.d2.b3.b4.d5.c6.b7.d8.b9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.c2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.b8. b9.d Cloze 21. communicate2. ways.3. using4. of5. Message6. meet7. causes8. Meanings9. to10. eyesExtra Passage 2 Key: ADBCBUnit 3Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.cD. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.aFast reading1.c2.b3.b4.b5.a6.c7.c8.d9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.c4.b5.d6.d7.b8. d9.bCloze31.poor2.habits3.Lies4. little5.Unfortunately6.what7.slows8.one reads.9. than10.Comprehension11. cover Extra Passage 3 Key: DBABAUnit 4Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.d11.b 12.c Fast reading1.d2.b3.c4.c5.d6.b7.d8.a9.d 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.dHome Reading1.d2.a3.d4.a5.c6.b7.c8.dCloze 41. studied2.Satisfaction3.reduced4.reported5.whose6.published7.on8.such9.illustrate/show/indicate10. contributionsExtra Passage 4 Key: ADDB Unit 5Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.b 9.dD. 1.d 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.b 9.c 10.b11.d 12.a Fast reading1.c2.a3.a4.b5.d6.c7.b8.d9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.b 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.b2.c3.c4.d5.b6.d7.cCloze 51.Fluent2.abilities/ability/competence/proficiency/aptitude3.other4.meansnguage6.Contac7.reason8.pick9.point10. aptitude/competenceExtra Passage 5 Key:BBDAUnit 6Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.a 9.dD. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.c11.a 12.b Fast reading1.c2.a3.b4.c5.d6.a7.a8.d9.c 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.bHome Reading1.c2.c3.d4.c5.d6.a7.b8.cCloze 61.lure2.playing3.resistance4.prefer5.weak/poor6.example/instance7.offered8.off9.far10.asExtra Passage 6 Key: BCCDBUnit 7Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.cD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.d11.a 12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.a4.c5.a6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.b(网上练习里面增加了for Many Women) 11.d 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.dHome Reading1.c2.b3.a4.d5.b6.c7.d8.d9.b 10.cCloze 71.Among2.Completed3.Impact4.sit5.catch/attract/arrest/capture6.but7.attention8.Action9.popular10.lessExtra Passage 7 Key:CABCUnit 8Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.a 7.a 8.aFast reading1.c2.c3.a4.c5.d6.b7.b8.d9.a 10.d 11.b 12.a 13.b 14.d 15.dHome Reading1.d2.b3.d4.b5.c6.c7.b8.c9.dCloze 81.reluctant/ unwilling2.up3.provide4.hired/employed5.job/working6.what7.for8.opportunity9.but10. likelyExtra Passage 8 Key:DCBCUnit 9Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.aD. 1.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.b 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.a11.cFast reading1.d2.c3.b4.c5.a6.b7.c8.c9.b 10.c 11.b 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.BHome Reading1.d2.c3.d4.c5.a6.b7.dCloze 91.with2.than3.linked4.that5.presenting6.out.es8.Distinguish9.devoted10.shortExtra Passage 9 Key:DBDCC .Unit 10Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.a 10.cD. 1.d 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.d 10.c11.b 12.d Fast reading1.d2.b3.d4.c5.c6.d7.c8.c9.d 10.b 11.b 12.d 13.d 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.c2.a3.d4.c5.b6.a7.c8.b9.bCloze 101.encounter2.rule3.context4.Target5.With6.sense7.approaches/ways/methods 8.on9.from10.despiteExtra Passage10 Key:CADAUnit 11Text: ExercisesA: dB. 1.a 2.d 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.c 8.bD. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.b 11.a12.d 13.cFast reading1.d2.c3.d4.a5.b6.c7.c8.b9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.b 14.c 15.aHome Reading1.b2.c3.a4.d5.b6.b7.c8.d9.d 10.dCloze 111. Into2. where_3. on4. to5. average6. back7. so8. from9. longer10. costExtra Passage 11 Key:CABBUnit 12Text: ExercisesA: bB. 1.b 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.cD. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.a 7.c 8.d 9.b 10.a 11.d12.c 13.aFast reading1.b2.b3.d4.d5.c6.d7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.c 14.b 15.dHome Reading1.b2.c3.d4.c5.c6.b7.a8.d9.b 10.b 11.cCloze 12Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-t o-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to nationalnews, which itself i s often almost eclipsed by international news.Extra Passage 12 Key: BDCBUnit 13Text: ExercisesA: aB. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.bD. 1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.b 9.d 10.bFast reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.c6.c7.a8.c9.c 10.d 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.d 15.bHome Reading1.b2.d3.b4.c5.c6.b7.d8.dCloze 13Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only ofthere was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. Itabnormal conditions on their children – conditionsone minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost amongrequire to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunityto get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a positionand many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place.Extra Passage 13 Key: DCDAUnit 14Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.d 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.d 7.a 8.bD. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.d11.bFast reading1.d2.d3.a4.b5.b6.b7.d8.d9.c 10.a 11.d 12.c 13.a 14.c 15.bHome Reading1.c2.d3.c4.d5.a6.d7.dExtra Passage 14 Key: CACCDUnit 15Text: ExercisesA: cB. 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.b11.bD. 1.b 2.a 3.b 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.C 8.a 9.c 10.d 11.b12.bFast reading1.c2.a3.c4.c5.b6.a7.c8.c9.d 10.c 11.d 12.d 13.a 14.d 15.aHome Reading1.c2.d3.a4.c5.d6.d7.c8.cExtra Passage 15 Key: CBBDA赠送常用精致线性可编辑小图标。

英语泛读教程3刘乃银Unit 6

英语泛读教程3刘乃银Unit 6

3. Mistakes on the drug
Situation: 53% of pharmacists admitted having made errors in two months. Errors occurred nearly one a day. Reasons: the rising prescription & for the profit.
Step 1: Obtain an Undergraduate Degree (3-4) Medicine, chemistry, mathematics, biology and physics Step 2: Attend Medical School (4) 2--classroom and lab work in anatomy, physiology, microbiology, medical laws and ethics and pharmacology 2--clinical rotations, or clerkships, in different medical departments, allowing them to experience each area of medicine, and decide which area to specialize in
Hidden Dangers of OTC
1. OTC, over the counter, means the medicine the patient can buy without consulting a doctor. Generally speaking, OTC medicine has been proved safe after being used for a long history, and it is effective, not expensive, and convenient. So people easily take it for granted, trust its security.

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Cloze 9

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Cloze 9

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Cloze 9Students have become obsessed 1building impressive CVs. But isn't there more to life 2 laying the foundations for your future career?This preoccupation with CV-building is3 to the pressure on people in today's society to be conspicuously successful. You have only to turn on the TV to be reminded4a lot of people have achieved far more than you at a younger age. This creates a feeling of urgency to do something extraordinary as quickly as possible – or at least to find a way of5 yourself as extraordinary.Almost like a business, we are managing our time and effort to develop a brand that we present to the world.One example is our Facebook page: we constantly sift through pictures and information, deciding what to share and what to leave 6 . When it 7 to our CVs, we are deliberately having experiences that we can list as "achievements".In today's jobs market, the message is clear: good grades are no longer enough. We need an impressive list of extracurricular activities that8 us from all the other smart and motivated students: we need some relevant work-experience; we need to volunteer; we should have done some work for a charity or 9 our time to some impressive hobbies. In 10 , we need to prove to our future employers that we are unique, and a perfect fit for the job they're offering.1.with2.than3.linked4.that5.presenting6.out.es8.Distinguish9.devoted10.short。

英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案


6-8:cdd 6-10: dadca 6-10: cbbcd
6-8: bac
Book 2-Unit 2
▪ Text:
▪ A. d
▪ B. 1-5: bddbd 6-10: dbdad
▪ C. 1-5: abadd
6-
10: caacc
▪ Fast Reading:
▪ 1-5: bbcad 11-15: cddda
11-12: db
▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: acdbd
11-15: dddba
▪ Home Reading: ▪ 1-5: dccdb
6-8: aad 6-10: bdaca
6-10: baacd
6-10: bcdab
Book 2-Unit 14
▪ Text:
▪ A. d
▪ B. 1-5: ddcda
6-10: ddcaa 6-10: bbcda
6-10: abdcb
6-9: ddad
Book 2-Unit 4
▪ Text:
▪ A. c
▪ B. 1-6: bdcaab
▪ C. 1-5: dbadb 11-12: cb
6-10: ccdcd
▪ Fast Reading:
▪ 1-5: cdabd 6-10: cdcdd 11-15: dccbb
6-10: cdddb 6-7: cb 6-10: bacbd
6-9: cdad
Book 2-Unit 10
▪ Text: ▪ A. d ▪ B. 1-5: cdabc ▪ C. 1-5: accac
11-12: dd
▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: cdbcd

英语泛读教程4课文翻译

1天才与工匠许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说,但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。

以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程,以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。

有一次,我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。

我久久站在那里凝视着,直到最后一道光线消逝。

我看不到那树原先的模样,看不见曾穿透果核,能崩碎你的牙齿的力量,也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。

显现在我面前的,是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。

当读者读到一部杰出的小说时,他也会这样如痴如狂,欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心,不提出任何问题。

但即使是个初学写作者也知道,除那将小说带到世上的文字之外,还有更多的构成小说生命的因素,小说的生命并不始于写作,而始于内心深处的构思。

要创作出有独创性的作品,并不要求懂得创造的功能。

多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑,而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。

然而,在我看来,对创造工作一定程度的了解,至少会使我们通过知道两个事实,增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。

首先,天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性,而是人脑的创造性功能。

不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋,而且每个人都具有天赋,无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。

对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现,是经过培养的,发展了的和受过训练的天赋。

你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。

它的任务就是创造。

它是你的故事的创造者。

第二,将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作,它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样,有意识、谨慎而实实在在。

天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分,而技艺却不是。

它必须通过实践才能学到,并要通过实践才能掌握。

如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上,光彩照人,那么,每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。

只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。

一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢?据说,我们从一生中的前二十年,或许前五年起就开始写作。

这可能取决于个人,而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。

(绝对真实)英语泛读教程刘乃银第三版第二册全册所有单元答案PPT共18页


16、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人,而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着,就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书,莫被书掌握;要为生而读,莫为读而生。——布尔沃
END
11: b 11-15: adcaa
Book 2-Unit 9
▪ Text: ▪ A. d ▪ B. 1-5: cdbda 6-10: cdddb ▪ C. 1-5: abcaa 6-7: cb ▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: dadcb 6-10: bacbd 11-15: dbbaa ▪ Home Reading: ▪ 1-5: dbdcc 6-9: cdad
Book 2-Unit 13
▪ Text: ▪ A. b ▪ B. 1-5: dbcbd 6-8: aad ▪ C. 1-5: cadca 6-10: bdaca 11-12: db ▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: acdbd 6-10: baacd 11-15: dddba ▪ Home Reading: ▪ 1-5: dccdb 6-10: bcdab
11-15: cdccd
Book 2-Unit 6
▪ Text: ▪ A. a ▪ B. 1-5: bbbad 6-10: bdddc ▪ C. 1-5: ccbab 6-10: cdaba 11-12: da ▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: cabdd 6-10: addaa 11-15: bccda ▪ Home Reading: ▪ 1-5: bcacb 6-8: bbb
Book 2-Unit 11
▪ Text: ▪ A. c ▪ B. 1-5: bd bba 6-7: bc ▪ C. 1-5: aabba 6-8: dcb ▪ Fast Reading: ▪ 1-5: bcbcb 6-10: ccbdd ▪ Home Reading: ▪ 1-5: cdddd 6-10: dbcba

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Extra Passage 8

英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Extra Passage 8A monopoly until 1954, the BBC operates under a royal charter. It is funded from a fixed term, license fee paid by households with a television set. The BBC has four national radio networks: Radio(1) broadcasting mostly popular music, mainly during the day; Radio(2) primarily transmitting light music, sports and entertainment; Radio(3) broadcasting mainly classical music and news during the day and cultural programs in the evening ; and Radio(4), scheduling spoken word primarily, school programs in the midmorning and early afternoon , and a mixed program in the evening. The main ingredients of overall output are 42.9 per cent entertainment and music ,21.3 per cent classical music, 9.1 per cent news and outside broadcasts, 4.8 per cent drama, 3.6 per cent education, and 2.2 per cent features. Some 30 local radio stations have been added to the BBC since 1967. The BBC has two national television services, which together transmit more than 200 hours a week; both have mixed programs that are coordinated to avoid conflicts. The main ingredients are news documentaries, and information (31 per cent); British and foreign films and series (15.5 per cent); outside broadcasts, substantially sports and sports news (14 per cent);drama (8 per cent);”family”programs and light entertainment (13.5 per cent); education (11.1 per cent); and religion(2.2 per cent)There is substantial regional activity in both media. Of the six regions in the kingdom that formerly operated with a fair degree of autonomy , only the “nation”regions remain for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland . In place of the other three regions , North, Midland ,and West and South, three are 20 production centres for both radio and television. Regions broadcast their own section of the corresponding network. Radio Cymru broadcasts in the Welsh language for Wales .There are about 50 local FM (VHF) stations as authorized by the government; there are mostly placed to cover the larger city areas. Many competitive commercial local stations have been set up under the supervision of the Independent Broadcasting Authority.The BBC is also responsible for the United Kingdom’s external services, which are paid for by annual grants-in-aid from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Though no longer among the leaders in quantity of output, the BBC remains among them in terms of penetration. Seventy transmitters, of which 13 are overseas relay stations provide a short-ware worldwide service and a medium-wave service in many areas, including Europe(from Berlin), Asia, East Africa, and Latin America ,Of the weekly output of about 740 hours roughly one-third in the World Service is in English, and the remainder is in nearly 40 foreign languages.1.Which of the following statements TRUE according in this passage?A ) The four national radio station of BBC have been set up under thesupervision of the Independent Broadcasting Authority.B ) Each of the two national television services of BBC broadcasts more than 200hours a week.C ) The BBC rarely broadcasts foreign films.D ) The BBC provides both medium-wave service in many areas and short-waveworldwide services.2.According to this passage , the coverage of BBC programs____A )does not extend beyond the six regions in the kingdom.B) is less than that many competitive commercial stations.C) is great enough to reach most continents in the world.D) is greater than that of VOA3.According to this passage, the BBC___A )operated under a royal charter until 1954B )is funded mainly from its subscribersC )has more viewers of its TV programs than listeners of its radio programsD )has two national television services,each of which primarly transmits lightentertainment programs4.The understand expression “both media “in the second paragraph refers to_____A ) both national radio networks and local radio stations.B ) both entertainment programs and news programs.C ) both radio and television.D ) both national programs and regional programsKey:DCBC。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 英语泛读教程4 第三版

Unit1天才与工匠 许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说,但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程,以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品 。 有一次,我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。我久久站在那里凝视着,直到最后一道光线消逝。我看不到那树原先的模样,看不见曾穿透果核,能崩碎你的牙齿的力量,也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。显现在我面前的,是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。 当读者读到一部杰出的小说时,他也会这样如痴如狂,欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心,不提出任何问题。 但即使是个初学写作者也知道,除那将小说带到世上的文字之外,还有更多的构成小说生命的因素,小说的生命并不始于写作,而始于内心深处的构思。 要创作出有独创性的作品,并不要求懂得创造的功能。多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑,而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。然而,在我看来,对创造工作一定程度的了解 ,至少会使我们通过知道两个事实,增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。 首先,天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性,而是人脑的创造性资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 功能。不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋,而且每个人都具有天赋,无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现,是 经过培养的,发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二,将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作,它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样 ,有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分,而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到,并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上,光彩照人,那么,每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢?据说,我们从一生中的前二十年,或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人,而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何,童年和少年时期的清晰印象,或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中,未被解释,不受约束,而且栩栩如生,永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸,在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么?是在等待 某种圆满的结果?还是对它们特有的真理的认可?似乎它们的创伤需要切开,隐秘的见解需要表露,发现需要与人分享,苦恼需要承认,这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验,撬开了记忆之门,抓住了这些虽已年代久远,却依然栩栩如生,呼之欲出的印象。于是,故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 这种经历人人都有,却鲜为人知。然而,一旦富有创造力的作家有了这种感受,他就会凝神屏息,专注于此,因为他知道这时故事的种子已经萌发并开始了它自己的生命过程。 就象任何一颗种子,故事的种子有它自己的生长规律,要要经过作家对记忆中的素材进行精心筛选,从潜意识博大精深的阅历宝库中提取故事赖以实现其内在形式的素材。于是,各种人物,他们的处世风格、 气候、时间、地点及各种事物的精髓,都聚集起来。简而言之,一个世界产生了,有灿烂的星辰,也有形形色色的障碍。 故事就是这样在“隐秘中构思,在思想土壤的最深处神秘地形成,”并不断地缓缓扩展、生长,直到它最终在意识中显现。就在这意识的门槛上,故事带着希冀的颤栗等待它的文字整体的形成。 天赋创造的功能现已完成了它的使命。只是到这时,工匠,这位故事的助产士才开始他的工作。 故事完整地呈现,即使有这样的情况,也是罕见的。罗伯特?弗洛斯特说过,他开始作诗时从不知道这诗最终会是什么样。而我往往在小说的第一稿几乎完成时才恍然大悟,意识到小说该怎样结尾,或它的中心思想是什么。有时甚至在写完第二、第三稿,甚至更多稿之后小说才呈现出清晰的轮廓。 多年以前,十月的一个凌晨时分,我遥望小小的人造卫星划出一道弧线匆匆掠过星空。又过了一段时间,我心中一直萌动的故事呈现出来:一位老人一生在都市中心过着寂寞生活 ,隐居到一个小海湾边的房子里。他为那地方的美景和邻人的善良而激动不已,开始感受到那些资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 生活道路将要走尽,由于某种原因从未付出或从未与人分享过任何东西的人们的绝望。 尽管当时心里朦朦胧胧仅有这点感受,我立刻着手第一稿,写道:“波米洛依湾的人们将蓝天奉献给了帕拉蒂先生。他们将这一切全给了他,每个黎明,一片片雷雨云、 一群群飞翔的野鹅和冉冉升起的红色月亮。” 当时我在干什么?我在描绘一个奇怪的 才能:而且还有更多奇怪的才能。接着我升上高空;尔后飞向运行中的万千星辰。当我写到小说的结尾时,我不禁感到诧异,我 开始写第一段时居然对整个小说毫无了解:每一个字都指出方向。然而,我浑然不知时,我为什么动笔写作?我在干什么? 我是在实施工匠的三个功能中的两个:信赖,第二:写作。不论我的小说会是什么样,我坚信小说的灵性,它的真实性;不论它可能在何时显现,我都坚信它的完整性和它的形式。在写作中我听任它发展,迎候它的显现。我在为它的显现提供载体,否则它又怎能显现呢? 信赖你的天赋吧,它是你的创造性功能,它的任务就是创造。因为它在最原始的层面上起作用,因此,它所创造的小说是独一无二的。这故事完全是你自己的。没其他人能了解它,也没人能写出它。这就是一个小说的价值,唯一的价值。尊重你的创造性功能,依靠它获得智慧:它不是盲目冲动的产物,而是工作的原则。信赖它,为它感到欣喜,运用它。这正是培养天赋的奥秘所在,也是真正能力的开端。 信赖并着手写作。当你开始感到小说急不可待的脉动时,就动笔写作。资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 如果你对它并不完全了解,就尽你所知去写。逐个地写你所知道的那部分,要有耐心,不久你就会完全知道你所写的是什么。假如你写得不好,那就尽你所能去写。务必竭尽全力,以你当时所能驾驭的全部智慧努力写得明白清晰。如果能这样做并坚持不懈,你一定能稳步提高。因为认真踏实的工作可以真正发展智力。不懈的实践可 以真正形成技能,而形成技能就是工匠的第三个任务。 以你最好的文笔尽你所能写每一个故事,每一封信,如果你写日记的话,要 这样在日记中记每一件事。要写好。要写得有技巧。要写得优雅,如果你能够的话,要写得完美。对任何成文的材料都应力求谨慎、真实。任何低于当时你所能达到的完美程度的文字都谈不上是技艺,而是浅尝輒止的儿戏。 初事写作者总是力图尽量快捷、高效地找到适合他的写作方法,以求省时省力。谈起方法,我们都知道写作不是教会的,而是学会的。但是常识——天赋的 狡诘的侍女却告诉我们,实际从事写作者象日复一日干着同一工作的管子工、从政者和金银首饰匠一样,谈起他们的工作都很在行。读作家们所写的书,听作家们所说的话,你就可以发现他们的工作习惯中有许多与自己相同的偏爱和冲动。你会发现这些不仅是你自己独有的癖好,而往往是从事写作者的性情中特有的,极其重要的几种癖性。它们对你有利,可以为你所用。 我每天写作四小时,一连写了十年之后,才发表作品。在写作过程中,我没有老师指导,也没有写作的书籍可供参考。我花了很长时间才发现了一种写作方法。多年之后,一位十分优秀的教师说:“要知道,资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 好小说不是写成的而是改成的。”当时,我沉思着回答说:“是啊!我明白。但愿早就有人告诉我。” 我处理小说的方法简单而行之有效。当一个故事在我脑海中呈现出来,当我朦胧地感觉到它的显现,就迅速将它草拟成一个提纲。不久,也许就在次日,我就通篇重写,这一次不可避免地会加进更多内容并填补很多缺漏。我总是对小说进行整体处理。每隔一段时间 我就继续重写,再将其搁在一边冷一段时间,然后根据需要反复重写,直到文字流畅、妥贴。我总是试图用词准确,贴切,就象将湿绸缎紧裹在身上那样,努力使文字简明练达。 目的是有魔力的。当你以追求卓越为目的而写作时,无论你的工作如何艰辛,它绝不会单调乏味。不论你的工作成果如何不如人意,只要你不愿裹足不前就绝不是失败。以这种方式重写不是乏味的苦工而是技艺上的探索。 如果你将小说当作活生生、有灵性的整体来对待,修改就有活力,因为在此过程中有三件事同时发生: 第一,你达到了对整个故事的完全了解。你几乎不能相信,在写第一、第二稿时,你对这 个故事的了解是何等不足,直到第四第五稿,你才能领悟到这一点。它一层层地显示出来;起先不受关注的小事件渐渐变得重要;含混处变得清晰。在反复阅读的过程中闪过眼前的事物向你跳跃 ,以引起注意。对这个故事的彻底理解给了你控制力,而这种控制力使你能将故事写到最好。因为你知道你在做什么。彻底了解一个故事也为你了解下一个故事做好了充分的准备。你在写它的第一资料收集于网络,如有侵权 请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 稿时就不会再感到困惑或束手无策。尽管还会有种种缺憾,内容模糊不清或行文粗劣,你仍可以认为这是你 写的最好的东西。你会自信地去修改,确信它会逐步完善, 第二,你取得了一种其它任何练习、书籍乃至无论知识如何渊博的老师都所不能给你的技能。在一次又一次解决情节问题、写作问题的过程中,你学会了如何高效地工作;你学习了新的方法,而最重要的是,你获得了自己的方法。重读往往宽容写作中的错误,而重写则往往揭示出错误。不自然地过分炫耀词藻 ,常常在重写时暴露无遗;你自认为机智含蓄的东西,往往是对难以表述的问题的故意回避。而这些问题对于故事而言,恰恰是至关重要而务必清晰表述的。你的判断力和敏感性 ,由于你被迫面对那一个个枯燥乏味的字眼和粗劣笨拙的段落而变得敏锐起来。每改进一个句子、一个段落,你都在提高你的技能。渐渐地,你会看到追求卓越并非空泛的梦想,而是一种可能。 第三,修改是修改,作家的工作是写作。阅读、听课、与专事写作的作家们交谈都是极为有益的,但它们只在你致力于写作时才有帮助。修改为脚踏实地的写作指明了目标,而这一目标会给予你终身受益的回报,即不断提高的技能。修改有助于形成习惯,而世上再也没有比工作的习惯更能激发才智的了。 绝不要强加给你的能力任何限制,也绝不允许任何人这样做。一旦力求完美成为你的习惯,你就会领悟到杰作并不神秘,也绝非偶然,而是一种生活方式的结果。

相关文档
最新文档