高考英语专题虚拟语气的用法及经典练习题(附解析)

虚拟语气的用法及经典练习题(附解析)
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。例： If he doesn ’ t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。 ( 真实 ) If I If there If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实） were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实，虚拟语气） were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If+ 主语 +did （ be 动词 were ）
主语 +should/would/ could/might+do
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主语 + should/would/
与过去事实相反
If+ 主语 +had done
could/might+have done
1.If+ 主语 +did
与将来事实相反
主语 +should/would/
2.If+ 主语 +were to
could/might+do
3.If+ 主语 +should
例句：
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： tell you. 例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would 3.If there were no 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 有生物。 ( 事实：地球上既有空气也有水 ) exam. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）（事实：去晚了）
2 、表示与过去事实相
反的情况
例： 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿， 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made （事实：没有听我的话）例： 1.If he should come here 如
我就会见到她。
such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反 tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 的可能性很小）
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来 3.If she were to be there
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 件事的始末。
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 现在也会成为一个工程师了他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如：如：如果如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我
② 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
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If he were free

today, we would have sent him to Beijing. If he knew her, he would have greeted her.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。如： Should he Were Had he learnt
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
agree to go there, we would send him there. she here, she would agree with us. 已经聘用他来这里工作了。要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without … ., but for … . 等
如： But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。要是没有你的指导，
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 我不会取得如此大的进步。 telephoned him. ① 省略从句 ② 省略主句我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
We didn ’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. If only I had got it. 要你应该能通过这次考试了。 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。是我得到它了该多好啊。、
虚拟语气的其他用法
用在 wish 后的宾语从句
a 、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. eg: I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。 ( 事实：我根本比不上你 ) 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实： b 、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词： had+done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 原来不知道） c 、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注： if only 和 as if/as though 也有相同用法）
用在目的状语从句中
1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略 eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.
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她又把门检查了一遍，

以防盗贼的进入。到。
He started out earlier lest he should be late.
他很早就出发了以防迟
2、在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
其他用法
1 、一想要 (desire) 二宁愿 (prefer) 三命令 (order, command) 四建议 (advice. Suggest, propose) 五要求 (demand , require, request , desire , insist) 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“ should + 动词原形 ” 或只用 “ 动词原形 ”。 that we (should) take the teacher ’ s advice. advice. (should) take the teacher ’ s advice. insist 如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如： He insist he is a student. 在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest 意为 “建议 ”才用虚拟语气，意为 “ 暗示 ” 则不用虚拟语气。 that he looks worried . 到虚拟语气。 2 、表情绪 . 观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气 . 如 :necessary 、 important 、 impossible 、 natural 、 strange 、 surprising 、 funny 、 right 、 wrong 、 better 、 a pity 等。句型： It is.......that + 主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+ 原型或只用动词原型。 3、在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如： Tuo should come here. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. Nobody could save him even though Hua 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）他的表情暗含着他很担心。如： His face suggests 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此 He demand that we (should) take the teacher ’ s advice. 如： He suggested He insisted that we (should) take the teacher ’ s He ordered that we
即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）指现在或将来： may + 动词原形。不管发生什么事，我们都要按 I 指无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
4、在 whatever ， whichever ， whenever ， whoever, wherever ， however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：如：时完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 如： We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 过去： may + 完成式。 have made.
You mustn ’ t be proud whatever great progress you may We must respect him no matter 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
what mistakes he may have made.
5 、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的
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一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：过去 : had + 过去分词 ; 现在 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) ; 将来 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) rather you had seen the film yesterday. were here now. 想你明天去那儿我倒想你现在在这儿。我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。如： I’d 我们倒 I ’ d rather you
We ’ d rather you went here tomorrow.
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“ 早该做某事了 ” 时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should +
动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。
school. 了。 7、简单句中的虚拟语气我该去学校接我的女儿了。
如
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班
（ 1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？你要把这个教训牢记于心。祝你一路顺风。 of China. I should agree with you. 如： Would you mind my You should always learn this lesson by heart. 我应该同意你的观点。如：如： May you have a good journey! Long live the Communist Party
（ 2）表示 “ 祝愿 ” 时，常用 may + 主语 + 动词原形。 May your youth last for ever! God bless us. （ 3 ）表示强烈的 “ 愿望 ”、“ 祝愿 ” 时，常用动词原形。中国共产党万岁。（ 4 ）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 ① 提出请求或邀请。如：晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？陈述自己的观点或看法。如： try my best to help you. your father first. first. time?
祝你青春永驻。上帝保佑。今天 ② I would
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？见到你我会很高兴。 I should glad to meet you.
Could I use your bike now? 我会尽力帮助你。
③ 提出劝告或建议。如：
You ’ d better ask
你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it Do you think he could get here on 你期望他会告
你应该先全面调查一番。你认为他能按时来吗？
④ 提出问题。如：
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 如：
诉我们真相吗？了。
⑤ 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动 You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里
词 + have + 过去分词。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
省略的虚拟条件句型
省略连词 if
有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首： Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。【注】 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have
arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词 not 应置于主语之后，而不能与 were, should, had
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等缩略成 Weren ’ t, Shouldn ’ t, Hadn ’ t 而置于句首。
② 有时省略 if 后提前的 had 不是助动词：
Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。 (=If I had time … )
省略条件句的主语和其后的动词 be
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词 be ，通常可将主语和动词 be 省略： earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. (=If it had been repaired earlier … ) If repaired 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。
省略 “it+be ”
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 工去帮你。 (=If it was necessary, I would … ) 如果需要的话我会派更多的民
省略整个条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的： I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。 (= … If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
在含蓄条件句中的用法
(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如： have telephoned him. otherwise ） We didn ’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we would 没有你的帮助，我 But for your 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是（暗含条件是介词短语 without your help ）
Without your help, we wouldn ’ t have achieved so much.
们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 功。（暗含条件是 but for your help ） bearing immediately. done it that way. lubricate the bearing immediately ）
如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成（暗含条件是 not to I would not have I was busy that day. 你可以参加我们的我是会买下那
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含 if I were you ）
Otherwise I would have come to help you. hadn ’ t been so busy. ）讨论。（可能暗含 if you wanted to ） earlier.
我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含 if I
You might come to join us in the discussion.
I would have bought the DVD player.
台影碟机的。（可能暗含 if I had the money ）
But for the storm, we should have arrived
要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含 if it had not been for the storm ）。
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虚拟语气练习题
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read C. should have read B. had read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet C. come; will meet B. had come; would have met D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be C. have been B. would be D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak C. will speak B. spoke D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was C. has been B. were D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went C. have gone B. could go D. could have gone B. have been lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you C. would you B. should you D. do you
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9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew C. has known B. knows D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of C. In case of B. In spite of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet C. would have met B. would had met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how. A. teaches C. has taught B. will teach D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then. A. had been C. was B. were D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind C. may fall behind B. fell behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained C. have seen B. would have rained D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should C. do B. would D. had
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17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there. A. not went C. not go B. won’t go D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time. A. had had C. had B. have had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike? A. decided against C. have decided B. will decide against D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____. A. go to sleep C. go to bed B. went to sleep D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car? —I would have bought one if I _____ enough money. A. had C. would have B. have had D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____. A. she make a dress C. she will make a shirt B. she would have made a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave C. Were he to leave B. Was he leaving D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad. A. will take C. take B. would take D. took
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25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station. A. we’d meet them C. we’d have met them B. we’ll meet them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay C. would be; would pay B. am; will pay D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand. A. have not given C. had not given B. would not give D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year. A. has C. have 29.It is strange that he _____ so. A. would say C. should say B. would speak D. will speak B. had D. will have
30.Had I known her name, _____ A. or does she know mine? C. she would be beautiful. B. and where does she live? D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that. A. know C. known B. knows D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed C. had B. owned D. had had
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33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting. A. would come C. would have come B. came D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take C. take B. took D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early. A. didn’t leave C. haven’t left B. hadn’t left D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time. A. had C. had had B. didn’t have D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn’t C. hadn’t had B. didn’t have had D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock. A. be C. would be B. to be D. shall be
39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____. A. she’s gone C. she’d gone B. she’ll go D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
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A. go C. will go 1—5 BBDAD 16—20 ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 36—40 DCACD
B. shall go D. would go 6—10 DDCAD 26—30 DCCCD 11—15 CDCAA 31—35 DDCCB
解析：
1.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 3.as if 后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。 4.It is important that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 5.as if 后面是真实情况，不虚拟。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61524174.html,in 是 lie 的过去分词，表示“躺”。 7.could have done 表示“本来可以”。 8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。 9.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 10.but for 表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。 11.in advance 表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 12.wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。 13.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 14.for fear that 后面的状语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 16.suggest 后面的宾语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 17.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 19.would rather 的宾语从句用 sb. did 的形式。 20.It is time 后面的定语从句用 sb. did 的形式。
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21.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个 had 表示“有”。 22.would have done 是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把 if 去掉，助动词提前。 24.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。 26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用 were 的形式。 27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 28.require 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。 29.It is strange that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 30.had I known 是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。 31.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 32.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个 had 表示“有”。 33.otherwise 经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 34.当 insist 表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。 35.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 36.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 37.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 38.当 insist 表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。 39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 40.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式，should 可以省略。
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