2015年全国统一高考英语试卷(全国一卷)
2015年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分45 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admis sion is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings: https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html,/book
More info: https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html,/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel: 020 7713 0836
21. When is the talk on James Brindley?
A. February 6th.
B. March 6th.
C. November 7th.
D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February?
A. The Canal Pioneers.
B. Ice for the Metropolis.
C. Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands.
D. An Update on the Cotswold Canals.
23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?
A. Miranda Vickers.
B. Malcolm Tucker.
C. Chris Lewis.
D. Liz Payne.
B
The freezin g Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend,
but the best part — particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold — weather root vegetables —was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened (蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particu lar table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
A. Exciting.
B. Boring.
C. Relaxing.
D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up early worthwhile?
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A. They are soft.
B. They look nice.
C. They taste great.
D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to do that evening?
A. Go to a farm.
B. Check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant.
D. Buy fresh vegetables.
C
Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’ Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限), “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
28. Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic.
B. Productive.
C. Generous.
D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the best TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A. By popularity.
B. By importance.
C. By size and shape.
D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word "contributions" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks.
B. Projects.
C. Donations.
D. Documents.
D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers —some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session —care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’ or ‘people think’” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no int ellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to
such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. A nd they need to open up”. Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject.
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge.
D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do?
A. Create more jobs.
B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business.
D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36.___________
Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37. __________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
◆38. ___________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
◆39. ___________ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
◆You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40. ___________ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）
第一节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “41 my job. Family to Feed.”
At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.
In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46 . They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 . I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.
When we handed him the bag of 52 , he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.
This has been a wonderful 55 for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 ! Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have 58 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.
41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished
42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show
43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call
44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily
45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick
46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover
47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card
48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose
49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging
50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just
51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected
52. A. toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes
53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp
54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure
56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help
57. A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly
58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money
59. A. fear B. love C. need D. memory
60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone
mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead,
I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
第四部分写作（共两节满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is
getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：
1. 栏目介绍；
2. 稿件内容；
3. 稿件长度：约400 词；
4. 交稿日期：6月28 日前。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
_________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____
_________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____
_________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
____
Yours,
Li Hua
2015年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）
参考答案
第二部分：
第一节
21—35 CDABD BCBAD ADACB
第二节
36—40 BEACG
第三部分：
第一节
41—50 ACBAD CDBAD 51—60 ACBBA DCDCB
第二节
61. arrived 62. before/earlier 63. its 64. that/which 65. paintings
66. by 67. is 68. conducted 69. regularly 70. living
第四部分：
第一节
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I
think thought I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in the
countryside. There the air is clean or and the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on with
the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously serious
problem. The airs air we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much Many rare animals are dying out. We must found find ways to protect your our /the
environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
第二节
One possible version ：
Dear Peter,
I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You ca n write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
纳米材料应用现状及发展趋势
NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL 纳米材料 应用现状及发展趋势 北京有色金属研究总院李明怡 摘要纳米材料是近期发展起来的多功能材料,本文概述了纳米材料的结构特性、主要制备工艺及应用现状和发展趋势,由于纳米材料具有许多特殊功能和效应,将在工业和国防等领域中发挥巨大潜力,并将为人类社会带来巨大影响。 关键词纳米结构功能材料制备工艺应用现状发展趋势 1前言 纳米材料是指由极细晶粒组成,特征维度尺寸在1~100纳米范围内的一类固体材料,包括晶态、非晶态和准晶态的金属、陶瓷和复合材料等,是80年代中期发展起来的一种新型多功能材料。由于极细的晶粒和大量处于晶界和晶粒内缺陷中心的原子,纳米材料在物化性能上表现出与微米多晶材料巨大的差异,具有奇特的力学、电学、磁学、光学、热学及化学等诸方面的性能,目前已受到世界各国科学家的高度重视。以纳米材料及其应用技术为重要组成部分的纳米科学技术,被认为对当代科学技术的发展有着举足轻重的作用。美国IB M公司首席科学家Ar mstrong认为:/正像70年代微电子技术产生了信息革命一样,纳米科学技术将成为下一代信息的核心。0我国科学家钱学森也指出:/纳米左右和纳米以下的结构将是下一阶段科学技术发展的重点,会是一次技术革命,从而将引起21世纪又一次产业革命。0由于纳米科学技术具有极其重要的战略意义,美、英、日、德等国都非常重视这一技术的研究工作。美国国家基金会把纳米材料列为优先支持项目,拨巨款进行专题研究。英国从1989年起开始实施/纳米技术研究计划0。日本把纳米技术列为六大尖端技术探索项目之一,并提供1187亿美元的专款发展纳米技术。我国组织实施的新材料高技术产业化专项中也将纳米材料列为其中之一。纳米材料正在向国民经济和高技术各个领域渗透,并将为人类社会进步带来巨大影响。 2纳米材料的结构和特性 我们所使用的常规材料在三维方向上都有足够大的尺寸,具有宏观性。纳米材料则是一些低维材料,即在一维、二维甚至三维方向上尺寸极小,为纳米级(无宏观性),故纳米材料的尺寸至少在一个方向上是几个纳米长(典型为1~10nm)。如果在三维方向上都是几个纳米长,为3D纳米微晶,如在二维方向上是纳米级的,为2D纳米材料,如丝状材料和纳米碳管;层状材料或薄膜等为1D纳米材料。纳米颗粒可以是单晶,也可以是多晶,可以是晶体结构,也可以是准晶或无定形相(玻璃态);可以是金属,也可以是陶瓷、氧化物或复合材料等。纳米微晶的突出特征是晶界原子的比例很大,有时与晶内的原子数相等。这表明纳米微晶内界面很多,平均晶粒直径越小,晶界 20
高考英语全国卷
绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．￡ 19.15. B．￡9.18. C．￡9.15. 答案是C。 1．What will the woman do this afternoon?
A．Do some exercise. B．Go shopping. C． Wash her clothes. 2．Why does the woman call the man? A ．To cancel a flight. B． To make an apology. C． To put off a meeting. 3．How much more does David need for the car? A．$ 5,000. B．$20,000. C．$25,000. 4．What is Jane doing? A．Planning a tour. B．Calling her father. C．Asking for leave. 5 ．How does the man feel? A．Tied. B．Dizzy. C．Thirsty. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does Jack want to do? A. Watch TV. B. Play outside. C. Go to the zoo. 7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At home. B. In a cinema. C. In a supermarket. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does Richard do?
2015上海高考英语试卷+答案
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Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play. March 6th Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings:https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html,/book More info:https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html,/whatson London Canal Museum 12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT https://www.360docs.net/doc/c61837078.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi
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纳米材料及其应用前景 摘要:21世纪，纳米技术、纳米材料在科技领域将扮演重要角色。纳米技术是当今世界最有前途的决定性技术之一。本文简要地概述了纳米材料的基本特性以及其在力学、磁学、电学、热学等方面的主要应用，并简单展望了纳米材料的应用前景。 关键词：纳米材料；功能；应用； 一、纳米材料的基本特性 所谓纳米材料是指材料基本构成单元的尺寸在纳米范围即1~100纳米或者由他们形成的材料。由于纳米材料是由相当于分子尺寸甚至是原子尺寸的微小单元组成，也正因为这样，纳米材料具有了一些区别于相同化学元素形成的其他物质材料特殊的物理或是化学特性例如：其力学特性、电学特性、磁学特性、热学特性等，这些特性在当前飞速发展的各个科技领域内得到了应用。科学家们和工程技术人员利用纳米材料的特殊性质解决了很多技术难题，可以说纳米材料特性促进了科技进步和发展。 1、力学性质 高韧、高硬、高强是结构材料开发应用的经典主题。具有纳米结构的材料强度与粒径成反比。纳米材料的位错密度很低，位错滑移和增 殖符合Frank-Reed模型，其临界位错圈的直径比纳米晶粒粒径还要大，增殖后位错塞积的平均间距一般比晶粒大，所以纳米材料中位错滑移和 增殖不会发生，这就是纳米晶强化效应。金属陶瓷作为刀具材料已有50 多年历史，由于金属陶瓷的混合烧结和晶粒粗大的原因其力学强度一直 难以有大的提高。应用纳米技术制成超细或纳米晶粒材料时，其韧性、 强度、硬度大幅提高，使其在难以加工材料刀具等领域占据了主导地位。 使用纳米技术制成的陶瓷、纤维广泛地应用于航空、航天、航海、石油 钻探等恶劣环境下使用。 2、热学性质 纳米材料的比热和热膨胀系数都大于同类粗晶材料和非晶体材料的值，这是由于界面原子排列较为混乱、原子密度低、界面原子耦合作用 变弱的结果。因此在储热材料、纳米复合材料的机械耦合性能应用方面 有其广泛的应用前景。例如Cr-Cr2O3颗粒膜对太阳光有强烈的吸收作 用，从而有效地将太阳光能转换为热能。 3、电学性质 由于晶界面上原子体积分数增大，纳米材料的电阻高于同类粗晶材料，甚至发生尺寸诱导金属——绝缘体转变（SIMIT）。利用纳米粒子的 隧道量子效应和库仑堵塞效应制成的纳米电子器件具有超高速、超容量、超微型低能耗的特点，有可能在不久的将来全面取代目前的常规半导体 器件。2001年用碳纳米管制成的纳米晶体管，表现出很好的晶体三极管 放大特性。并根据低温下碳纳米管的三极管放大特性，成功研制出了室 温下的单电子晶体管。随着单电子晶体管研究的深入进展，已经成功研 制出由碳纳米管组成的逻辑电路。
2018高考英语全国卷解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car B. On foot C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题 6. What does the woman regret? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the mam? A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours.
2015年广东高考英语试题和答案详解
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷） 英语 I、语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physi cal and mental ___7___ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted. 1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier 6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure 8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet 11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices 13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement 14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission 15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ___16___ farm, which looked almost abandoned. ___17___ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly ___18___ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ___19___ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass ___20___ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she ___21___ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living ___22___ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ___23___ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___24___ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to ___25___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.