英语阅读新视野第10课

Oil Spills 漏油Before You Read 阅前思考Answer the following questions.1. Which oil companies are famous in your country?2. Have there been any large oil spills reported in the news recently? If yes, where?3. How do you think most oil spills are caused?Target Vocabulary 目标词汇Match each word with the best meaning.1. affect a. necessary; required2. disaster b. lasting for a long time (opposite: short-term)3. essential c. something very bad that happens, usually causing a lot of damage4. float d. not deep5. harm e. to cause or allow liquid to fall from a container6. leak f. (for a liquid or gas) escape through a hole or crack in a container7. long-term g. cause an effect8. occur h. rest or move at the top of, and supported by, liquid or air9. shallow i. happen10. spill j. damageReading Passage 阅读文章Oil is essential for modern life-apart from its use in transportation, it is also used in making fertilizers, plastics, and many other products.About 64 percent of the world’s oil is located in theMiddle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil areEurope, America, and Japan. The problem lies ingetting the oil from the countries that produce it tothe countries that consume it. This is mainly doneusing oil tankers. There are roughly 4, 000 oiltankers in use today, and every day more than 100million tons of oil is shipped. Usually this oil isshipped safely and with not problems, butoccasionally there is a disaster.Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history have been caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker running aground in shallow water. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker ran aground off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn’t the largest oil spill of all time, the area. In this spill, the tanker’s captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route the ship was taking. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef, a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1, 600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area estimate that 580, 000 birds and 5, 5000 otters died as a result of the oil from the spill covering their skin. Smaller shellfish and other sea creatures living on the whales, and other animals.The most oil ever spilled was actually released on purpose as part of the Iraqi war plan during the Gulf War in 1991. Almost a million tons of oil were released into the Persian Gulf. This oil covered 1, 500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf, and also damaged 650 kilometers ofthe coastlines of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and fish were all seriously harmed by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are likely to cause problems far into the future.Reading Comprehension 阅读理解Circle the letter of the best answer.1. Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?a. Germanyb. lraqc. Japand. the Unite d states2. According to the passage, oil spills...a. may involve one or two tankers.b. usually occurc. are usually harmless.d. are caused by wildlife.3. Why did the sailor run the Exxon Valdez aground?a. He was tired.b. He was drunkc. He did not know the area.d. He was watching the otters at the time.4. What sentence about the Alaskan spill is ture?a. More otters were killed than birds.b. Birds died from eating the oil.c. It was the worst oil spill of all time.d. Seals and whales were affected by eating. smaller sea animals.5. Which country was responsible for dumping oil into the Persian Gulf?a. Iraqb. Kuwaitc. Saudi Arabiad. the United Sates Idioms 习语Find each idiom in the story.1. at fault-responsible or to blame for a bad situationThe drunk driver was at fault for the accident.The two neighbors went to court to decide who was at fault.2. run into-crash into something; meet someone by chanceThe car ran into a tree because the driver feel asleep.Francesca ran into some friends at the rodeo.3. on purpose-with reason; not by accidentSung-Taek left the door open on purpose. It was hot inside.I didn’t hit you on purpose. It was an accident.V ocabulary Reinforcement 词汇强化A. Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best complete the sentence.1. No one was . It was an accident.a. at faultb. on purposec. unconsciousd. offensive2. While I was out shopping, I an old friend.a. took advantage ofb. broke intoc. ran intod. looked down on3. Water is for humans to live.a. abnormalb. permanentc. leadedd. essential4. The effects of the government’s decision won’t be known for many years.a. short-termb. long-termc. temporaryd. period5. I can’t cycle to work this morning. There is a hole in my tire, and all the air was .a. leakedb. spilledc. fallend. floated6. The river is quite here, and you can walk across it.a. essentialb. spectacularc. specificd. shallow7. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?a. leakb. sinkc. floatd. spill8. Although they had guns, the bank robbers didn’t anyone in the robbery.a. stealb. harmc. affectd. injectB. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra.Millions of tons of oil are shipped over the oceans in tankers every year. Sometimes lots of this oil may be (1) into the ocean. One terrible spill (2) when the Exxon Valdez tanker (3) a reef in shallow water, and millions of liters of oil leaked out of the ship. This accident created a (4) in the area because plants and animals in the ocean and along the coast were (5) . However, the largest oil spill in history was spilled (6) as part of Iraq’s war plan during the 1991 Gulf War.What Do You Think? 你怎么想？1. What can people do to reduce the amount of oil they use?2. What can people do to help protect ocean life?Part 1: Find the different word 找出不同类的单词One of the four words is different from the other three. Circle the letter of your choice.1. a. visible b. mental c. attitude d. point of view2. a. artificial b. unnatural c. abnormal d. regular3. a. enable b. ban c. make possible d. allow4. a. media b. budget c. television d. make the headlines5. disaster b. harm c. benefit d. damagePart 2: Read and answer 阅读并答题Read the passage and decide if the statement is true, false, or unknown. Circle your answer.One of the worst oil spills in history occurred in March 1978 in northwestern France. A ship named the Amoco Cadiz was traveling from the Arabian Gulf to a French port when it got into trouble. It ran aground in shllow water and them broke apart. At first, it was not clear who was at fault because the accident happened in a bad storm. Later, people learned that the streeing equipment on the ship was broken.High winds and tides were the main factors that caused the disaster. About 220, 000 tons of oil rapidly spilled out of the damaged ship. It floated to shore and covered everything. Within a month, the oil covered over three hundred kilometers of neighboring coastline.The oil affected the environment badly. It harmed many species of animals, fish and plants. It caused long-term damage to the local economy that relied on fishing and tourism. To an extent, scientists were able to use detergents to clean up the oil, but then they found that detergents damaged the environment too. Some of the oil continued to cause problems for three years.In 1998, twenty years after the disaster, scientists held a meeting to talk about what they had learned from the accident. They know that the incident had nothing to do with human error and certainly no one caused it on purpose. However, once the accident occurred, not enough was done to try to save the environment.1. true false unknown To this day no one knows why the Amoco Cadiz oil spilloccurred.2. true false unknown The oil spill happened when the ship ran into another ship.3. true false unknown By April the oil released from the ship covered the coast formore than three hundred kilometers.4. true false unknown The most significant industries of the area were fishing andtourism.5. true false unknown The 1998 conference was held in France。