虚拟语气教案

一、虚拟语气用于条件从句

从句（If条件句）主句

与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用

were)

would (could/should/might)+动词

原形

与将来事实相反1) 动词过去式

2) should+动词原形

3) were to+动词原形

would (could/should/might)+动词

原形

与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would (could/should/might)+have 过去分词

1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.

要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）

If she had time, she would (could, might) help me.

如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should (would, could, might) have telephoned you.

如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。）

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：

If it should rain, the crops would (could, might) be saved.

假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

--- What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?

--- It would burn.

---我若把只放在火上会怎么样？

---纸会烧着。

注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：

If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.

4．主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句虚拟)

有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：

1) If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2) If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）

3) If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）

5．条件从句中省去if的情况

在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if，将had, were或should提至句首。如：

a) Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.

假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

b) Were I a bird, I could fly freely.

假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。

c) Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.

要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。

6. 含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况；

1). 条件暗含在短语中。如：

(1) What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)

(2) It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)

(3) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)

(4) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)

(5) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)

(6) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

2). 条件暗含在上下文中。如：

(7) You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)

(8) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)

(9) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)

(10) I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

3). 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

(11) You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

(12) I would like to come. 我愿意来。

(13) I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。

(14) He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。