关于针对2007年高考备考阅读理解中的猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解生僻单词猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解生僻单词猜词技巧构词法阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able;其中see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
同义词近义词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。
熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。
原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。
如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。
利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
英语猜词技巧
英语猜词技巧一、巧设语境，传授新知。
一说起猜词技巧，同学或多或少知道一些。
但是，在做题时他们还是不知所措。
归根结底，是因为他们只知道猜词的理论而缺乏施行。
猜词能力的培养是一个潜移默化的过程，所以我们要充分利用每一个机会，巧设语境，让同学在具体的施行中体会猜词的技巧，从而提升其猜词的能力。
例如，讲授新词汇时，不要先告诉同学该词汇的意思，而是利用同学所熟悉的其它词汇和句型构造一个语言环境，让他们在此语言环境中去推测新词的意思。
同学要想准确猜出词意，必须充分注意并综合例句中的其它信息，然后进行联想、推断。
这样一来，在培养同学猜词能力的同时，还激发了同学的学习兴趣，培养同学的动脑能力，也有效地复习了其它单词、短语或句型。
这样一举"四得'，何乐而不为呢?二、充分利用课本培养同学的猜词能力。
课本是同学学习的主要内容，充分利用课本会收到事倍功半的效果。
依据新教材的编排特点，各单元都有两篇阅读文章。
正确引导同学在课文的语言环境中理解和推测词意是培养同学猜词能力的有效途径之一。
三、强化针对性的实战学习。
课本上的文章和考试试卷上的文章还是有差别的。
为了让同学能适应考试的题型，在平常还要多进行针对性的学习。
高考试题的水平是很高的，做高考试题中的猜词题关于同学来说是一个很好的锻炼机会。
充分利用高考试卷，进行实战演练，总结得失，以便更好地掌握和运用猜词技巧。
2高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧依据上下文语境进行推测一个单词或词组确实切含义是和它所处的上下文语境分不开的，所以我们可借助上下文语境对必须要推测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
依据同义、反义关系进行推测在文章中，当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此我们可以确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域。
如happyandgay即使你不知道gay的意思，也能猜出其意为"快乐的'。
依据同位关系或文中定义解释推测文章中的难词后面往往有一个同位语、that is，this is、破折号或定语从句等对其进行解释。
高考英语阅读技巧之猜词
We can find these words to indicate that the following has the same meaning: and, like, or, similary, also and so on.
3.Antonym 1.Tom is lazy,but his 勤奋的 brother is industrious. 2.Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 热的
We can find these words that explain the meaning: that is, mean, be called, refer to and so on.
5.Examples 1.The shop sells stationery, such as pens, pencils, papers, envelops and so on. 文具 2.We took the provision with us to camp, for 食物 example,there were meat, bread, milk,sugar and fruit.
2.Synonym 1. Tom enjoys talking, and he is the most loquacious of 多话的 all the boys in class. 2.Like clever David, Richard may be intelligent. 聪明的
Synonym
7.Causes and effects 1.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because 无用的 he was using the wrong key. 2.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 浑浊的
高考英语阅读理解题猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解题猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解题猜词技巧
摘要：本文从高考考试说明入手，针对其提出的要求之一分
别从构词法和语境法两个方面出发，总结归纳了一些阅读理解题常
用的猜词技巧，并结合大量实例，使读者全方位地了解各个技巧及
其使用，对于即将参加高考的考生来说希望能起到一定的指导作
用。
关键词：高考考试说明构词法语境法猜测词义
一、引言
2012年高考考试说明中，明确写明考生应掌握的阅读技能，其中
第三点就是“根据上下文提供的线索猜测生词的词义”。
所以这点
对于正备战与高考的考生来说很重要，在平时的阅读理解练习中就
应当尽可能注意积累一些猜词技巧，这样在真正考试的时候就不会
束手无策。
二、正文
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：构词法和语境法。
1.构词法
通过了解和掌握一些构词法的知识在阅读过程中进行运用来猜测
词义。
构词法一般包括添加词缀、构成符合词和词性转化三类。
构词法常见的就是在一个单词的基础上添加前缀或（和）后缀，
如：reconsider（重新考虑），coexist（共存），preschool（学前）， postwar（战后），participant（参加者），advantageous（有利的）
1/ 1。
阅读理解中的猜词技巧
阅读理解中的猜词技巧摘要：在阅读教学中，学生经常需要猜测生词的词义，因此，掌握猜词的技巧就显得非常重要。
本文就阅读理解常见的猜词技巧进行了探讨。
关键词：阅读理解；猜词技巧；猜词线索作者简介：蔡东号，任教于江苏省扬州大学附属中学东部分校。
每年的高考阅读理解题目设计中都有猜测词义的题目，而这一类形的题目学生得分普遍不高。
我们平时在阅读教学的时候就要注意这一题型的训练，掌握此类题目的解题技巧非常重要。
平时在阅读文章的时候每当遇到生词时不要立即停下来查字典，要通过上下文的关系来猜测不懂的生词，要把生词的前前后后认真的研读一下，再根据一些常见的解题技巧，对于这类问题我们就迎刃而解了。
一、根据文章大意猜测词义例：1 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts agree that this is a good idea.One pioneer in particular, who disagrees, is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown JK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them people----literate.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea thatComputertowns________(NMET19999-58)A help to set up more computer clubsB bring people to learn to use computersC bring more experts to work togetherD help to sell computers to the public解析：全文是在谈论如何普及电脑，使学习电脑变得容易的问题，此处的it指的是上文的 To bring people closer to the computer.由此我们可以确定 B是最佳答案。
阅读理解猜词题的“秘诀”
蠢 缸 於 ≯ 《 高 聋 英 语
ｗ
—
ｔ ｗｏ ｃ ｉ ｅ ，ａ ｂ ｙ ａ ｄ ａ ｇｒ ｄ １ ｙ １ ９ ，ｔ ｅｒ ｉｈ ｔ ｈｌ ｒ ｎ ｏ ｎ ｉ ．Ｂ ９ １ ｈ ｉ
—
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们 在 英 语 阅 读 理 解 中 整 体 能 力 有 了 很 大 的提 高 ，
但在猜词 悟义这种 题型 上却表 现地 畏惧不前 ， 长
进 不 大 。为此 ， 者 结 合 近 几 年 的 高 考 题 和 自己 多 笔
年 的教学经 验就如何 做此 种题做 一学法 指导 ， 希
们 夫 妇 非 常 幸 运 地 育 有一 双儿 女 。 ２ 通 过 代 词 所 指 代 的 内容 来 猜 测 词 义 ．
谤数 外字 司 高 考 英 语
ｐ ｒｏ ａ ｔ （ ｅｓ ｎｌ ｙ 个性 ） ｎ ｎ ｉｇ ａ ｅ ｐ ｅ ｐｅ Ｓ ｉ ａ ｄ ｄｎ ｗ ｙ ｏ ｅ ｏ ｌ’ ｉ ｆ ａ ｔｋ ｐ
ｅ ｅ ａ ｌ ｏ ｏ ｒ ｈ ｗ． ｙ ｂ ｌ ｎｙ ｕ ｏ ” ｓ ｓ
德 的 ）ｓａ ｄ ｒ ｓｔｒｕ ｈ ｕ ｅ ｏ ｔ．Ｉ １ ８ ，ａ ｔｎ ａｄ ｈ ｏ ｇ ｏ ｔｈ ｒｙ ｕｈ ｎ ９ ４ ｔ
ｔ ｅ ａ ｅ ｏ ３ ｈ ｒｉｄ Ｂ ｌ ｈ ｙ ｗｅｒ ｈ ｇ ｆ２ ，ｓ ｅ ｍａ ｒ ｉ ．Ｔ ｅ ｅ １ ｅ
— —
§ 一 ｄ
ＳＩＪＧｌ ＨＩＮＸ —窭蕊 ＴＩ
阅读理解猜词题 的“ 耱诀＂
■ 彭定华 周 华
近 几 年 的高 考 阅读 理 解 题 越 来 越 重 视 对 同学
们 猜 词 悟 义能 力 的 考 查 。它 主 要 是 检 测 同 学 们 根 据 上 下 文 推 测 生 词 、 语 和 句 意 的 能 力 ， 出考 查 短 突 语境的分析和把握能力。
高考英语阅读之猜词技巧
2.根据普通常识、生活经验推测词义
1) When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 麻醉剂
3) For lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly necessary magazine.（04广东）
4)Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.
or less non-existent in England.
（04广东）
不存在的
2) And a particular piece of equipment
breaks up the nonrecyclables. (NMET
2000)
“不可再回收利用的东西”。
3) I began noticing that the other
为线索猜测词义.
1) Ventilation, as you know , is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of
engineering. 通风
2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. (NMET90) 退火
高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义
65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏 音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如：
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另 一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同 一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时， 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：
阅读模拟理解中的猜词技巧
阅读理解中的猜词技巧华高—周琼阅读是语言教学的重要组成部分，培养学生的阅读能力是外语教学的重要目标。
《英语课程标准》明确规定：“高中英语教学应该根据学生的认识发展水平着重培养学生用英语获取和处理信息的能力。
”新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定：“高中英语教学应侧重提高学生的阅读能力”。
纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。
高考英语阅读理解题型的分值要占高考英语总分的35/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题，在阅读理解上是否得高分，是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键。
英语学科的《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生理解书面英语的能力，具体目标为：1、能理解文章的基本内容；2、能归纳文章的主旨大意；3、能推测文章中的隐含意思；4、能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子；5、能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。
阅读理解中的猜词能力是应用英语的重要能力。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
要做好这类题，首先必须熟练掌握中学英语教学大纲列出的约4000个词汇与一定数量的短语。
其次，由于词义题中所考单词的意义通常超出大纲，所以掌握必要的猜词技巧也很重要。
猜词技巧也是一种很重要的应试技巧。
它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，获得这种技巧之后，读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
在诸多的英语测试中，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。
那么，怎样来猜测和推断生词的词义呢？一．了解考试中有关猜测词义题的提问形式。
要想顺利地进行阅读理解及猜测出阅读中的词义，首先应了解考试中有关猜测词义题的提问形式。
常见的有关猜测词义题的提问形式如下：1) According to the author, the word “…”means _______.2) The word“…”in the middle of the passage probably /most likely means ______.3) What does the word“…” mean______ in this passage ?4) The phrase “…” in the 1st paragraph probably refers to _______.5) Which of the following words is nearest /closest in meaning to the underlined word “…” ?6) In the passage, the word“…”could best be replaced by which of the following words?二．考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种：⑴常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义；⑵专业化程度较高的词；⑶生僻词。
高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题猜词题
（1）利用所出现生词的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进 一步的叙述，猜测词义。例如: the female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood . （2）利用文中的例子猜测词义 。 例如 ：Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares ,circles and triangles . (3)利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等猜测词义。 例如：The type of meter is called multimeter ,which is used to measure electricity .
(4）利用文中所出现的，与某生词或词组意义相 反的内容猜测词义。 例如：American businessman expect employees to be punctual .They do not expect that the workers will come late . (5) 利用构词法知识猜测词义。 例如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an antipoison medicine to be saved .
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1 HR Planning System Integration and Upgrading Research of A Suzhou Institution 2007年高考备考阅读理解中的猜词技巧 1. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
2. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner’s hand had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handed C. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a matter of habit
3. Mrs. Morgan’s son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C. showing too great concern for current fashions D. insults to family or close friends
4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic
5. I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. 2
A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany 6. Albert’s success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again
7. He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous
8. I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around. A. cool B. isolated C. quiet D. noisy 9. The archaeologist spent years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization. A. one who studies the mind B. one who studies cultures C. one who studies the body D. one who studies animals
10. CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15) – Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said. A. controlled by rich people B. grasped by good storytellers C. taken good care of D. protected by kind people
11. Eleven people were wounded, several seriously. When the two gunmen walked into the crowded Rising Sun Pub in Greysteel, some 120 kilometers northeast of Belfast, carrying guns. It is said that they went near a frightened teenage girl and made the old “trick or treat” greeting that children world-widely use to get sweets from their neighbors. “I don’t think that’s funny.” She replied, then she was shot down. A. usually used by children to get sweets from others B. a warning used by criminals to snatch something C. a secret was used by protestant gunman to kill somebody D. an old saying, but not used now
12. Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. 3
But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. A. disadvantage B. advantage C. misfortune D. trouble
13. If a language has a large number of speakers or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by millions of speakers. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China cannot understand speakers from other parts. A. a special language spoken by Chinese B. the sign used by the Chinese people in a special area C. the difference between the old and today’s Chinese D. the form of a language used in one part of the country 14. If you are a recent social graduate who has had to listen about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.