英语句子成分分析

He went. He went there.


He went there yesterday.
He went there to see his mother yesterday.

He went there to see his mother ill in hospital
by bike yesterday.
㈥定语

He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 54students in our class.(数词) Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格 He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词) There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) His spoken language is good. (过去分词) I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
名词、代词、 She is a 形容词,动名 teacher. 词,分词,不定 式,介词短语, 从句等
宾 语
object
表示及物动词动作的对 象
名词、代 Mike did the 词,动名 job. 词,不定 式,从句 等 形容词, The black dog 动名词, barks. 分词不定 式,介词 短语,从 句等 副词,形 容词,分 词,不定 式,介词 短语,从 句等 Run quickly.

I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.

㈡谓语
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well She hasn’t received the e-mail yet.

基本句型

主语+系动词+表语（主系表） 主语+不及物动词+其他成分 (主谓) 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓双宾） 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
简单句的五种形式

S+P I am astonished. S+V Albert Einstein’s name never dies. The book sells well. S+V+O Raga likes sports, gardening and playing the drums. S+V+o+O Can you tell me the way to the station? S+V+O+C We call him a walking dictionary.
宾语 comple 对宾语进行补 补足 ment 充说明，与宾 语 语一起构成复 合宾语。
同位 apposit 对前面的名词 ive 语 或代词做进一 步解释。
独立 Indepe 成分 ndent elemen ts
与全句没有什 么语法关系， 有感叹词、肯 定与否定的答 语、插入语、 呼语等
感叹词 Oh, hello, I think, to tell 副词短 you the truth, Mr. Li, Your Majesty, Mum. Yes, no 语
定 语
attribute
限定或修饰名词、代词 等
状 语
adverbia 修饰动词形容词副词之 l 用，表示时间地点状态 程度等含义
句子 成分
英文名
说明
常用词 例句 类 名词、 I find the book very boring. 形容词, 分词, 不定式 介词短 语等 名词、 数词、 代词或 从句 This is Mr. Li, our headmaster. The news that he is ill worries us.
句子的构成
基本句型

主语+系动词+表语（主系表） 主语+不及物动词+（其他成分） 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语 同位语

I told my best friend Tom to pick me up at the airpor ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 宾 主 谓 定 同 宾 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语 语 补 足 语
㈤宾语补足语
We must keep it a secret. I found the book interesting. Please keep the dog out. Please make yourself at home. She asked me to lend her a hand. Do you smell something burning? She had an arm broken in the accident. He made himself known to them.
The girl in red is his sister. （介词短语） We have a lot of work to do. （不定式短语） The girl standing under the tree is his sister. （现在分词短语） The bridge built only one year ago is broken. Do you know the man who spoke just now? (从句)
1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6. 7.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
15.
Time flies fast. There will be a good meal for us at our aunt’s. The rive rose ten feet in the night. I heard him shout. He bought some sweets for his son. I prefer my coffee hot. Don’t worry about me; just take care of yourself. You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary. A lot of noise is going on outside. The little girl can dress herself now. It was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful match. I felt my heart beat rapidly. Do you want to come to the party? We should do something to help the students in difficulties. How long have you worked in the hospital?
㈦状语
用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或 句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方 式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.
Exercises:分析句子结构
You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.
句子 成分
英文名
说明
常用词类
例句
主语 subject
句子所要说明的动作或状 态的主体（人或事物）
名词、代词, I am a 动名词,不定 student. 式,从句等
谓语 predicate 表示主语的动作或状态
动词
You read the book.
表语 predicativ 放在连系动词后表示主语 e 的身份或特征。

The apple tastes sweet.
1. The war was over.
2. They seem to know the truth.
3. Time is precious.
4. I’m not quite myself today.
5. Who was the first? 6. He is out of condition. 7. The book is what I need.
㈣宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. ↓ ↓ 间接 直接 宾语 宾语

● Please pass me the book. ● He bought me some flowers. ● I like my job. ● I love you. ● He wanted to leave here. ● They enjoyed playing computer games. ● I didn’t know when to switch the machine off. ● She wondered why Jim was so angry with her.

主动语态变成被动语态后, 宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river. →He was seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam. → The student was caught cheating in the exam. We elected him monitor. →He was elected monitor. He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.

㈢表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be (am,is,are,were,was), appear, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound, look, get, grow, keep, turn, become, come, go ,remain，etc.


I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.

Anne named her diary kitty because she
thought it was her best friend.
㈠主语
Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.