2017年下教师资格证高级英语真题答案

2017年下教师资格证高级英语真题答案
2017年下教师资格证高级英语真题答案

2017年下半年中小学教师资格考试

英语学科知识与教学能力试题(高级中学)参考答案及解析一、单项选择题

1.【答案】A。解析:本题考查辅音的发音。本题属于语音知识,也属于语言学中语音学的知识。th字母组合在单词thin中发/θ/音,发此音时,声带是不振动的,即不带声的(voiceless);另外,发/θ/音时舌头要顶住牙齿,所以叫齿音(dental);按照发音方式,它是空气通过与牙齿摩擦发出的声音,属于擦音(fricative)。故本题选A。

2.【答案】A。解析:本题考查音系学中的最小对立体。最小对立体(minimal pair)指除了出现在同一位置上的一个音之外其余都相同的两个语音组合。在音位分析中,只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫做最小对立体。如pen[pen]和ben[ben]。几个选项中只有A项中两个单词的元音发音不同,前后两个音都是爆破音/b/和/t/。故本题选A。

3.【答案】C。解析:本题考查冠词。句意为“鸟可以在天空中飞得很高”。“不定冠词+单数名词”或单个复数名词可表示一类,这里birds指的是鸟类,表示泛指,不加定冠词;sky是世界上独一无二的事物,前面用定冠词the修饰。故本题选C。

4.【答案】D。解析:本题考查形容词辨析。句意为“在我看来她是善良和有礼貌的,因此我认为她今天的粗鲁是偶然的”。ordinary“普通的”,untimely“过早的,不适时的”,progressive“进步的;进行的”,accidental“意外的,偶然的”。故本题选D。

5.【答案】A。解析:本题考查动词辨析。句意为“随着春天的到来,粉红的苹果花开始出现在枝头”。show“露出,出现,显现”,grow“生长”,rise“上升”,ascend“攀登,上升”。此处春天到来,粉红的苹果花应该是显露出来,故本题选A。

6.【答案】A。解析:本题考查状语从句及其时态。句意为“伍兹先生,我在这里只是以防不寻常的事情发生”。提及将来可能出现的情况成为某人现在做某事的理由时可以用in case或just in case。在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。另外anything是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词通常用单数。故本题选A。

7.【答案】D。解析:本题考查短语辨析。句意为“我回忆起在北京的这个只有乐趣的快乐的假期”。anything but“根本不,绝不”,all but“除……外全都”,everything but“除了……都”,nothing but“仅仅,只”故本题选D。

8.【答案】C。解析:本题考查状语从句。句意为“汤姆,拿走这个行李,把它放在你能找到有足够空间放它的地方”。分析句子成分可知put后面缺少状语,where和in which都可以在定语从

句里做地点状语,但该句是由and连接的并列复合句,and后面的句子中缺少先行词,所以它不是定语从句,而是状语从句,用wherever引导地点状语从句,表示“在……的任何(所有)地方”。故本题选C。

9.【答案】B。解析:本题考查修辞学。题干意思:“The Pentagon was divided on the air strike.”这句话主要用了什么修辞手法?上面句子的字面意思是“五角大楼就空袭事件产生分歧”,显然不合理,实际应该是五角大楼里的人对空袭事件意见不一。这里的“五角大楼”一词是美国国防部的代名词,指代在这座建筑里工作的人。英语中将借代通称为metonymy(换喻、转喻),指用一个事物来取代另一个相关事物。这种修辞手法可以使语言更丰富、更生动,也可以避免重复。在新闻写作中,这个修辞手法会经常被用来帮助创造多样性。故本题选B。synecdoche(提喻)通常指用事物本身的一部分来代替其整体。比如以hands代persons,以wheels代car。metaphor(隐喻/暗喻)是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)是把两个意思相反、互相矛盾或互不协调的词用在一起,以产生警句式的修辞效果。

10.【答案】B。解析:本题考查语义学中的句义关系。题干意思:下列括号里对句子的推断哪个是预设?presupposition(前提/预设)通常被认为是一种背景信息,也就是说的话已经包含了另外的判断。比如“我可以借你的自行车吗?”,说这句话必须有一个前提,那就是“你有自行车”。所以从语义的角度来看,句子所包含的“前提/预设”和这个句子本身的意义有十分密切的关系。该题中B项“不要坐在卡罗尔的床上”的前提条件是“卡罗尔有床”,符合题干意思,故本题选B。

11.【答案】B。解析:本题考查听力技能教学。题干意思:以下哪项指令有助于培养学生的推断能力?A项“听故事,写摘要”,B项“听故事,确定作者的意图”,C项“听一个男孩的故事,然后画一幅他的画”,D项“听故事,记下事件的具体日期”。在听力技能教学中,让学生通过听材料来分析和判断作者意图,即根据听力材料中的已有信息推断出未知信息,这可以训练学生的推断能力。故本题选B。

12.【答案】B。解析:本题考查课堂提问的类型。题干意思:哪一种类型的问题最适合用于检测学生的理解以及培养他们的批判性思维?rhetorical questions“反问句”,句子表面是疑问形式,但说话者的态度和意见很明确,并不需要听话者的回答;referential questions“参考性问题”,此类问题一般没有现成的答案,教师也没有明确的答案,提问的目的在于力求学生发散思维、寻求信息,一般包括推理、评价性的问题和批判、创造性的问题;close questions“封闭性问题”,有固定答案且答案是唯一的,学生回答时借助再认或再现,通常用于强化巩固课堂;display questions“展示性问题”,这种问题的答案通常是唯一的,教师预先知道问题的答案,提问只是为了本题考查学生对语言知识的掌握情况,学生作答时只需凭借表层理解、短时记忆,或是快速查找课文,便能找到答案,一般包括对是非、对错的选择性问题和事实、回忆性问题。故本题选B。

13.【答案】A。解析:本题考查语言测试类型。题干意思:诊断性测试的主要目的是什么?诊断性测试是语言测试的一种类型,它主要用来探测和发现学生的理解和表达障碍,以便教师及时改

进教学手段,从而积极地干预学习过程。诊断性测试常常基于教师的教学经验和学生对某些语言点尚未完全掌握所表现出的种种迹象来命题。其成绩一般不用来衡量和评估学生的语言水平。因此只有A项“发现学生知道什么和不知道什么”符合题意。B项属于水平测试(proficiency test),C项属于能力测试(aptitude test),D项属于学业成绩测试(achievement test)。故本题选A。

14.【答案】A。解析:本题考查口语教学活动。题干意思:以下哪项活动通常用于培养学生的口语准确性?A项“识别并纠正口语错误”,B项“表演文中的对话”,C项“分组讨论”,D项“两人一组描述人物”。口语纠错可保证语言的正确输出,为精确表达奠定基础,是关注准确性的口语活动。角色扮演、课堂分组讨论、小组活动都是关注流利性的口语活动。故本题选A。

15.【答案】D。解析:本题考查学习策略。题干意思:如果教师让学生制订他们的学习计划,他/她是在培养他们的什么策略?不同的研究者对学习策略有不同的分类,但各种分类法中基本都涉及四种策略,即认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。其中元认知策略(metacognitive strategy)指学生对自己的认知过程及结果的有效监视及控制的策略,包括计划策略、监控策略和调节策略。计划策略指的是对学习等活动的事前规划,如制订学习计划等。故本题选D。

16.【答案】D。解析:本题考查词汇教学内容。题干意思:当教师告诉学生dog这词也暗含“忠诚”的意思时,教师是在教单词的什么意义?词的意义一般分为词汇意义和语法意义两个方面,前者指词所表达的意思,通常分为外延意义(denotative meaning)和内涵意义(connotative meaning);后者指词与词之间的相互关系,包括搭配、近义词、反义词和下义词。外延意义也叫概念意义(conceptual meaning)或所指意义(referential meaning),是词汇的最基本意义,是语言符号所代表的事物的最基本特征的抽象概括,常视作是词语在词典中的定义或释义;内涵意义指词的隐含意义或象征意义。如dog一词,原本意思是“狗”,一种动物,也就是我们所说的外延意义,而狗象征着忠诚,因此。“忠诚”是它的一个内涵意义。故本题选D。

17.【答案】A。解析:本题考查写作教学过程。题干意思:下列哪项是写作过程的最后一步?A项“校改作文”,B项“写出每段的中心句”,C项“收集与话题相关的信息”,D项“按逻辑顺序组织信息”。写作一般包括写前准备、写初稿、写后编辑和校改等几个步骤。准备阶段主要是寻找话题,明确主题,根据写作目的收集与主题相关的信息,组织素材和规划文章结构,列出提纲;初稿阶段包括起草文章,添加内容;修改阶段包括检查所写内容,加工润色,同伴互改和小组评议等。故本题选A。

18.【答案】C。解析:本题考查听力教学活动。题干意思:在听前提出与话题相关的问题,其主要目的是什么?A项“满足学生的期望”,B项“增强学生自信”,C项“激活学生的图式”,D项“提供任务反馈”。在听前阶段,教师提出与话题相关的问题可以激活学生头脑中已有的关于听力材料的图式知识,激活有关听力话题的背景信息。故本题选C。

19.【答案】D。解析:本题考查语法教学内容。题干意思:如果教师让学生用that/which/whom 进行填空,那么他/她最不可能关注语法的哪个层面?lexical level“词汇层面”,syntactic level“句法

层面”,discourse level“语篇层面”,morphological level“形态学层面”。语法教学的内容不仅包括语言形式/结构,还包括语意和语用。语言形式/结构包括词法、句法等;语意包括语法形式与结构的意义;语用指语言在一定的语境、语篇中的表意功能。该教师让学生选择关系代词填空,目的是让学生掌握定语从句这项语法的形式、意义和运用。形态学是研究词的内部结构和构词规则的科学。故本题选D。

20.【答案】C。解析:本题考查小组活动。题干意思:如果教师让学生分组谈论他们的爱好,那么他/她是在鼓励什么?peer correction“同伴纠错”,peer feedback“同伴反馈”,peer interaction“同伴交往”,peer assessment“同伴评价”。教师让学生分组谈论他们的爱好,可以促进同学之间的交流和互动。故本题选C。

Passage1

21.【答案】A。解析:细节题。定位到第一段。根据第二句“Unlike Latin American writers such as…whose translated works became popular here in the1970s-these authors are writing in English and drawing their themes from two cultures.”可知A项正确,C项不正确。根据最后一句“Alvarez,a Middlebury College professor who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was10…”可知B项不正确。根据“‘Garcia Girls’for example,is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants”可知D项不正确。

22.【答案】C。解析:细节题。根据第一段第二句“Unlike Latin American writers…these authors are in English and drawing their themes from two cultures.”及最后一句“…being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point:‘We travel on that border between two worlds and we can see both points of view.’”可知C项正确。

23.【答案】C。解析:细节题。定位到第二段。第一句提到“With few exceptions,such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya,many Hispanic-Americans have been writing in virtual obscurity for years”,virtual obscurity是默默无闻、不出名的意思,与C项中的unknown意思相近,所以C项正确。A项是对obscuiry的错误理解;B项错误,第二句提到“Only with the recent success of…”;D项文章没有提到。

24.【答案】A。解析:推断题。定位到第三段。第一句提到“But if Villasenor’s experience is any indication,some editors are still wary.”,wary的意思是“机警的,谨慎的”,与A项中critical的意思是对应的。接下来是具体说明“But the editors…wanted major changes:‘They were going to destroy the book.It’s nonfiction;they wanted to publish it as a novel.And they wanted to change the title to‘Rio Grande,’…”,由此可以推断出A项。B、C项文中没有提到相关内容。结合最后一句“After a year of strained relations,he…bought back the rights to the book that had taken10years to write.”可知作者最终买回了这本书的版权,也就是说作者并不同意出版商把它改编成小说出版的做法,D项说法不正确。

25.【答案】D。解析:细节题。根据最后一段中的“Crossing the Country,they read in local bookstores, libraries and schools.”可知D项正确。

Passage2

26.【答案】D。解析:词义题。由画线词定位至文章第三段“Cultural neuroscience wouldn’t be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences.”,意思是如果发现神经生物学仅以著名的文化差异为基础,那么文化神经科学并不会掀起风波。making waves意为“造成轰动,引起话题”,四个选项中D项Causing disagreement“引起分歧”与其意思最接近。故本题选D。

27.【答案】D。解析:推断题。由第三段可知引用先前研究的结果是为了确认之前的看法是对的。故本题选D。

28.【答案】B。解析:推断题。文章首段第一句说“Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture…shapes the brain”,结合下文讲述的文化神经科学的研究,可推出大脑(神经)受不同文化的影响,故本题选B。C项本身表述正确,但不是推断出的内容,它可以从原文第二段第三句直接得出。

29.【答案】B。解析:细节题。由第三段及所举例子(中国人和说英语的人在算数时大脑的不同思维方式)可知,文化神经学的重大突破是它把文化差异与大脑活动联系起来。故本题选B。

30.【答案】B。解析:态度题。由最后一段尤其是最后一句中的“that‘universal’notions such as human rights democracy,and the like may be no such thing”可知,作者对普遍的文化概念是持积极态度的。故本题选B。

二、简答题

31.【参考答案】

(1)含义:教学日志是教师积极主动地对自己的教学活动中具有反思和研究价值的经验所进行的持续而真实的记录和描写,并在此基础上对其进行批判的理解和认识,从而不断更新观念、增长技能,促进自身专业发展的一种手段和方法,也是一种对教师个人认识与思维的研究。

(2)作用:

①检验教学假定,改善教学行为。

②促进教师交流,利于成果分享。

③促进深入思考,形成教学思想。

④促进自主学习,提高理论修养。

⑤体验发现过程,提高工作乐趣。

(考生能选取其中三个方面作答即可。)

(3)注意事项:

①要注意亲历性。亲历性要求教学日志所描述的事件必须是自己亲身经历的,而不是来自某一文献或他人的传说,以保证教学日志的独特性与原创性。

②要注意叙事性。教学日志是教育叙事研究的一种范式,它记述的是一个教学事件从发生、发展到对结果进行反思的过程。因此教学日志要以教学事件为载体。

③要注意启示性。教学日志记录教学事件不能只是关注事件本身,而应注意教学事件所承载的思想。

○4要注意典型性。教学日志记录的应当是对自己和他人有思想启迪的事件。教师应当对各种教学事件进行精心的选择和甄别,选择有价值的事件进行记录。

⑤要注意即时性。课后立即写教学日志是较理想的,因为现实的教学活动还鲜活地存在大脑里,很多当时的认识、感受和情景还没有遗忘。

(考生能选取其中三个方面作答即可。)

三、教学情境分析题

32.【参考答案】

(1)词汇教学方法:

图1体现了词语搭配法。通过将左栏的形容词与右栏的名词组成词块进行记忆,如将a black与cat进行搭配组成a black cat词块,更有利于学生记忆单词的用法。

图2体现了联想式教学法。教师通过给出关键词或某一主题,激发学生对相关主词汇的联想和提取,以达到词汇记忆的目的。

(2)词语搭配法的优点:第一,避免了记忆孤立、单词难度过大的问题,搭配组成词块便于学生对单词的记忆;第二,有利于学生达到运用单词的目的,提高学生对单词的搭配能力。

该方法的缺点:只给出一组的词语搭配容易造成学生对英语词汇学习的思维定势。

联想式教学法的优点:第一,有利于激发学生的想象,激活思维,促进学生对关键词的思考。第二,有利于激发学生学习英语的兴趣,扩大学生的词汇量。

该方法的缺点:学生从记忆中提取单个单词,并不能理解单词运用的方法,只能记住概念。

(3)这两种教学方法遵循了词汇教学的两个原则:

①词语搭配法遵循了运用性原则。在教授单词时,通过运用性原则可以将孤立的单词组成词块而在语言输出时得以运用,利于学生由词成句,由句成篇,最终达到运用语言的目的。

②联想式教学法遵循了系统性原则。词汇教学时教师要注意给学生展示词汇之间的系统性、联系性,使学生建构知识网络,理解记忆单词,达到更好的学习效果。

四、教学设计题

33.【教学设计】

Teaching Contents:This lesson is from senior high school,and it mainly talks about the adult smoking issues.Paul is making a survey on adult smoking,so he writes emails to all his pen friends in other countries to seek for help.

Teaching Objectives:

(1)Knowledge objectives

○1Students can master the basic structure of an email.

○2Students can get more information about smoking issues in China.

(2)Ability objectives

○1Students can improve their writing and speaking abilities.

○2Students can express their opinion about the smoking issues in daily life.

(3)Emotional objectives

○1Students can foster the interest and desire of learning English,and be fond of taking part in class activities.

○2Students can get the awareness of avoiding smoking and keeping a good health.

Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

(1)Teaching key point

Students can get to know how to write an email to analyze the phenomenon of smoking in China.

(2)Teaching diffcult point

Students can organize their survey results to write an email.

Major Steps:

Step1Pre-writing(9minutes)

(1)Teacher shows the email of Paul on the screen,and asks students to read it with two questions:

○1What are the questions of Paul?

○2What’s the basic structure of an email?

Students have three minutes to finish the task and share their answers.

(2)Teacher chooses two students to read their answers for the first question,and then helps students to summarize the structure of an email:the starting address,the main body and the ending wishes.

(3)Four students in a group to help Paul to finish his survey.They need express their ideas for Paul’s questions and then exchange with the whole class.

(4)Teacher invites several groups to write down their findings on the blackboard,and asks students to

arrange the writing contents.

(Justification:Group discussion can strengthen their cooperative spirit and their imaginative ability can be developed.Moreover students will get the ability to write an email to express their ideas.) Step2While-writing(6minutes)

Students need to write an email to answer Paul’s questions of adult smoking,and they have four minutes to finish their first draft.While their writing,teacher will give the instructions for their problems.

(Justification:Students will cultivate their ability of writing an article within certain minutes and their good writing habits will be formed as well.)

Step3Post-writing(5minutes)

(l)Students need to check their draft by themselves and then exchange with desk-mates to do peer-editing.

(2)Teacher asks three students to read their email in front of the class and then gives them some comments.

(Justification:Editing can provide a perfect writing for students,meanwhile the comments will help students learn more from others and improve their writing ability promptly.)

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