职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-84
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-15
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-151、Meet Your Memory1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a good memory.2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed:3. Memory consists of at least two different processes: short -term memory and long - term memory. Short - term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long - term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.4. One measure of memory is recall, which requires you toproduce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free -recall learning you recall the material in any order. In serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented and in paired - associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.Paragraph 1 ______【单选题】A.Why do we forget things?B.How do we measure memory?C.What are the stages memory consists of?D.What is the difference between short -term memory and long - term memory?E.What is memory?F.Who may have a poor memory?正确答案:E答案解析:本题有一定难度，没有明显的主旨句，需要较强归纳能力。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-39
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-391、The policeman wrote down all the details of the accident.【单选题】A.secretsB.particularsC.benefitsD.words正确答案:B答案解析:题干大意：警察写下了事故的所有的细节。
画线词details：细节。
选项中，particulars：细节。
secrets：秘密。
如：One I can tell my secrets to. 一个我能告诉秘密的人。
benefits：收益。
如：But he sees other benefits, too. 但他也看到了其他好处。
words：话语。
如：In other words, current prices reflect this level of supply. 换言之，当前的价格反映了这种供应水平。
2、The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.【单选题】A.statedB.announcedC.demandedD.suggested正确答案:D答案解析:主席建议我们中止会议。
本题难度不大，考查的是基本意义，干扰项干扰不大。
propose和suggest都有“建议”的意思，是近义词，A项指“陈述”，B项指“宣布”，C项指“要求”和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是D。
3、At first, all the people laughed at his ridiculous suggestion. 【单选题】A.amusingB.shockingC.frighteningD.foolish正确答案:D答案解析:ridiculous：荒谬的、可笑的，和foolish（愚蠢的）意思比较接近；amusmg：逗人发笑的；shocking：令人震惊的；frightening：令人害怕的。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-17
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-171、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred inAntarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are indirect sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120℃is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun andcolder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly ______ to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travelin space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】A.impossibleB.interestingC.reasonableD.necessary正确答案:A答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析，干扰项有一定的干扰。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-5
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-51、Science Fiction1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified asscience fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society, a theme that is still often found in modern stories. 3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verve and H. G Wells, to mention just two well known authors, have been translated into many languages. 4 Modern science fiction writers don\'t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds that are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writinghas obvious political undertones (涵义). 5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology. Works of modern science fiction have____. 【单选题】A.concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the futureB.reading books of science fictionC.political implicationD.a recurrent themeE.read worldwideF.translated into many languages正确答案:C答案解析:本题答案的依据在第4段最后一句，该句说Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones （由于这一原因，他们的作品带有明显的政治涵义）。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-70
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-701、Black HolesMost scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球体). Astronomers (天文学家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (无限的) density (稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇点). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons,?No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.?In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (视界) only 18 miles across.?The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (万亿) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. (2007年)Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：黑洞是存在的，但是很难观察到。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-65
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-651、A Great Quake Coming?Everyone lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area and they can devastate. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when will the next "Big One" strike. It's bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault(断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust (地壳) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas Fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture(断裂) about 2.7 kilometers persecond. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen faster than 3.5 kilometers persecond.At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses (脉冲) traveled away from the city during the 1906 event.Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it's not a matter that whether "the Big One" will hit here. It's just a matter of when. Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:B答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-19
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-191、The SmogFor over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighboring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous. Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.Finally, heavy rains, which came in November. Put out the fires and clear the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes and factory pollution Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact. was world was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.The forest animals haven't been affected by the smog.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:B答案解析:题句的意思是“森林里的动物未曾受到烟雾的影响”。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-34
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-341、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve.Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost "dream time". Paragraph 3 ______.【单选题】A.Structure and interpretation of a dreamB.Ancient views on dreamsC.Babies dream less than older childrenD.Dreaming may be good for our healthE.Dreams can not foretell the futureF.Healthy people do not dream正确答案:A答案解析:第三段主题句为第一句：In a dream，events are altered. 梦中发生的事是不断变换着的。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-56
1 职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-56
1、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that ______ in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- because you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. So she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to 2
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-61
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-611、Cell Phones1. Believe it or not, cell phones have been around for over a quarter of a century. The first commercial cell phone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979, but cell phones have changed a lot since that time. The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm sized models. There are huge developments in their functions, too. We have had call forwarding, text messaging, answering services and hands - free use for years, but now there are new facilities, such as instant access to the Internet and receiving and sending photos.2. Cell phones have become very common in our lives. Recent statistics suggest one in three people on the planet now have cell phone, and most of them say they couldn't live without one, Cell phones are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool, used for essential arrangements, social contact and business. It easier to call for help on the highway. It possible to keep in touch with people "on the move"when people are traveling.3. Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments f We can use cell phones to let our family know we'll be late or if there's a sudden change of plan or an emergency. Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late. They can now contact their children at any time.4. This does not mean that cell phones are all good news. Cell phones have brought with them a number of new headaches for their owners. It costs a lot to replace stolen phones, It is becoming a frequent occurrence, and have you ever seen such a huge phone bills? More serious, however, Cell phones bring the potential health problem. There are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor(肿瘤). This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones. They simply can't live without cell phones!Paragraph 4 ______【单选题】A.Cell phones and the familymercial cell phone systemsC.Cell phones in everyday lifeD.Cell phones for teenagersE.History of cell phonesF.Problems with cell phones正确答案:A答案解析:本题难度不大，主旨句比较明显，就是第三段的第一句：手机让交流变得容易，也减少了家庭争论。
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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及
答案0516-84
1、I rarely play basketball. 【单选题】
A.normally
B.seldom
C.fiequently
D.usually
正确答案:B
答案解析:rarely和seldom同义，很少；normally:正常地、常
态地；frequently:经常；usually:通常。
2
2、The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries were fascinated by comets. 【单选题】
A.intrigued
B.infected
C.inconvenienced
D.inclined
正确答案:A
答案解析:fascinate:使…着迷、强烈地吸引住，与intrigue（引
起……的兴趣或好奇心）意思相近；infect:传染；inconvemence:
使……不便；incline:使……倾向于、使……想要。
3、The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east. 【单
3
选题】
A.extends
B.stretches
C.broadens
D.traverses
正确答案:C
答案解析:widen和broaden同义，变宽、扩大；extend:延伸、
延长；stretch:舒展、延伸；traverse:穿过、横贯。
4、The minimum age of Chinese citizens who are eligible to vote
is eighteen. 【单选题】
A.encouraged