英语专四语法重点总结
英语四级常考语法总结
英语四级常考语法总结摘要：1.引言2.英语四级常考语法点一：动词时态3.英语四级常考语法点二：被动语态4.英语四级常考语法点三：从句5.英语四级常考语法点四：情态动词6.英语四级常考语法点五：虚拟语气7.英语四级常考语法点六：非谓语动词8.英语四级常考语法点七：介词、连词和代词9.英语四级常考语法点八：句子成分和结构10.结论正文：【引言】英语四级考试是很多大学生必须面对的一项重要考试。
为了帮助大家更好地备战四级，本文将总结英语四级考试中经常出现的语法点，希望能够提高大家的学习效率，轻松应对考试。
【英语四级常考语法点一：动词时态】动词时态是英语四级考试中的重点和难点，考生需要掌握各种时态的构成和用法。
主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。
【英语四级常考语法点二：被动语态】被动语态在英语四级考试中也非常重要，主要有三种形式：一般被动语态、完成被动语态和被动语态的否定形式。
掌握被动语态的用法，有助于提高阅读理解和写作的能力。
【英语四级常考语法点三：从句】从句是英语四级考试中不可或缺的部分，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
学会识别和运用各种从句，对提高四级成绩至关重要。
【英语四级常考语法点四：情态动词】情态动词在英语四级考试中占有重要地位，如：can、could、may、might、must、should等。
掌握情态动词的用法，有助于提高语法填空和完形填空的正确率。
【英语四级常考语法点五：虚拟语气】虚拟语气在英语四级考试中也有一定的出现频率，主要包括条件句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气等。
学会运用虚拟语气，能让你的句子更加丰富多彩。
【英语四级常考语法点六：非谓语动词】非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语四级考试中，非谓语动词的应用范围广泛，如：作主语、作宾语、作定语等。
【英语四级常考语法点七：介词、连词和代词】介词、连词和代词在英语四级考试中贯穿始终，掌握它们的使用方法，能有效提高填空题和选择题的正确率。
专四语法小结
专业四级语法小结考查点1.物主代词的用法Our association ,which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled ,will published its proposals in the near future.2.虚拟语气●错综时间条件句，从句与过去的事实相反，为省略的if的倒装句，主句是对现在的情况的虚拟（now）主句用would do 的形式●If引导的虚拟语气：●表示与现在的情况相反：if + 主语+ 动词过去式，主语+ would/could/might/should+动词原形●If we had enough money ,we would go to shanghai.●表示与过去的事实相反：if + 主语+ 动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might +have 动词的过去分词●If i had learned the lesson ,i wouldn’t have made the same mistake.●表示与将来的某种情况发生的可能性不大：if + 主语+ 动词的过去完成式/should + 动词原形/ were to + 动词原形，主语+ would/could/might/should+ 动词原形●If i were to do the job ,i would do it in a different way.●Should +have +过去分词------本该做某事但没有做●Must + have +过去分词----对过去事实的肯定推测●Might + have +过去分词----过去可能做了某事●Could + have +过去分词-----本可以做某事●在it is + 形容词+ that 从句的结构中，如果形容词为essential，imperative，important，insistent，necessary等时，后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，其结构为（should）+ 动词原形●Order 表“命令”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，使用should + 动词原形结构，should 可以省略3.固定句式A is toB whatC is to D用来比较说明两种相同或相似的关系，可以起到比喻的关系Eg ; a book is to the mind what food is to the body. 书籍对于心灵犹如食物对于身体。
【实用文档】专四语法总结.doc
专四必备语法I．基本句型和句式剖析1. 简单句/并列句/复合句2. 五种基本句型3. 统辖与约束：用这个方法分析更方便，特别是并列和修饰关系，可以更好的讲清楚。
①.My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter andtears of four generations.分清主干my whole life had been spent和修饰关系gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations 非限制性是定语从句，修饰that big old house②.I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago:people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.”when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.分清层次never 与never 并列，saying 的宾语有两个，由or连接，而people统辖的内容有三个rushing into…, never saying…, never giving…，并与此三个部分构成动名词复合结构，相当于说I saw a scene of people rushing…③.It adds priceless panache (n.) to your understanding of the way people behave.注意add sth. to 分割的状况II. 词法部分1．名词与代词1）不可数名词的量化表示修饰可数名词复数: many, a good/great many，a good/great/large number of修饰不可数名词: much, a great deal of, a large amount of两者都可修饰: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, a large sum of2）在汉语中可数，但在英语中为不可数名词的某些词advice, baggage (luggage), damage, equipment, furniture, homework, information, news ...3) 与所指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致如：Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.4) that, one的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数，用those)，后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。
专四语法总结
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：（1）在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I'll tell him when you will ring again。
我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句）比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again。
你再打电话时我告诉他。
（状语从句）（2)在make sure，make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn't know the answer to last time。
（include 不能用will include或其他形式）2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1）by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door。
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况）（2）by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时.如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3）by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few（或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
英语专四语法总结
1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish 等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”4. 当主语与all，none，any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
四级英语考试语法要点总结
四级英语考试语法要点总结英语语法作为四级英语考试的重要一部分，是考察学生英语语法运用能力的重要途径。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，下面将对四级英语考试中的语法要点进行总结。
一、时态1. 一般现在时：表示客观事实、经常习惯性动作或普遍真理。
例如：The sun rises in the east.2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。
例如：I am studying English now.3. 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
例如：He went to the park yesterday.4. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
例如：They were watching TV when I called them.5. 现在完成时：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或与现在有关的过去的动作。
例如：I have lived in this city for ten years.6. 过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如：He had finished his homework before he went to bed.7. 将来时：表示将来某个时间会发生的动作。
例如：We will have a meeting tomorrow.二、冠词1. 不定冠词a/an：表示泛指单数可数名词。
例如：I saw a cat in the park.2. 定冠词the：表示特指或泛指某一类事物。
例如：The sun is shining.3. 零冠词：表示泛指复数名词、抽象名词和专有名词。
例如：Apples are sweet.三、代词1. 主格人称代词：I, you, he, she, it, we, they。
例如：You should study hard.2. 宾格人称代词：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
例如：John gave me a present.3. 物主代词：my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers, its, our/ours,their/theirs。
专四语法常见考点
专四语法常见考点1。
限定词限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类，主要包括冠词（a, an, the）、物主限定词（如my, her)、指示限定词(如this, those，such）、不定限定词（如all，both, no）、疑问限定词（如what, which，whose）、关系限定词（如whose)、名词属格（如Tom's, China’s）以及数词（如one，second）等。
2。
情态助动词❖主要情态助动词的用法（can/could，ma 1y/might, will/would，shall，should, must，need，dare)❖情态动词+have+过去分词3. 非谓语动词非谓语动词也叫非限定动词，指的是由动词变化而成,仍具有动词的性质与原义，但不能作动词使用的词。
非谓语动词和动词一样可以带有宾语、副词、补语等，主要有以下三大类：分词、不定式和动名词.非谓语动词可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.4. 名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的句子,功能相当于名词词组。
根据其在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.5. 定语从句❖定语从句就是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常在被修饰词的后面，本质上相当于形容词的作用.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
❖定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
6。
状语从句如果一个从句用作状语,功能相当于副词并修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，那么该从句就是状语从句。
根据其作用,状语从句可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果等状语从句。
7。
时态与语态❖时态.英语主要的时态有12种,分别是：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时；一般过去时，过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时；一般将来时，将来进行时，将来完成时，将来完成进行时。
专四语法词汇部分考查重点与重点词组归纳
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋〔should〕动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形.2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if；由even if／so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句.3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现.4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用.5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词〔which〕和as作为关系代词.二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等.2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等.3、由同一动词构成的短语如：e,go,set,break等构成的短语.4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现.5、介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等,另外还应注意rather than,other than,such as,none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现.三、专四重要词组1.abide by<=be faithful to ; obey>忠于；遵守.2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在3. absence of mind<=being absent-minded> 心不在焉4. absorb<=take up the attention of>吸引…的注意力<被动语态>be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. <be> abundant in<be rich in; be well supplied with> 富于,富有6. access<to> <不可数名词> 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident<=by chance, accidentally>偶然地,意外. Without accident<=safely> 安全地,8. of one’s own accord<=without being asked; willingly; freely>自愿地 ,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord <=with everybody agreeing>一致地11. in accordance with <=in agreement with> 依照,根据12. on one’s own account 1> 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2> <=at one’s own risk> 自行负责 3> <=by oneself>依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.13. take…into account<=consider>把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 <理由>15. account for <=give an explanation or reason for> 解释, 说明.16. on account of <=because of> 由于,因为.17. on no account<=in no case, for no reason>绝不要,无论如何不要<放句首时句子要倒装>18. accuse…of…<=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; plain about> 指控,控告19. be accustomed to <=be in the habit of, be used to>习惯于.20. be acquainted with<=to have knowledge of> 了解; <=to have met socially > 熟悉21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to<=adjust oneself to> 使自己适应于23. adapt…<for> <=make sth. Suitable for a new need> 改编, 改写<以适应新的需要>24. in addition <=besides> 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to<=as well as, besides, other than>除…外26. adhere to <=abide by, conform to, ply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief > 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent<=next to, close to> 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..<to> <=change slightly>调节; 适应;29. admit of <=be capable of, leave room for> …的可能,留有…的余地.30. in advance <before in time> 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of <=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness>利用.34. agree with 赞同<某人意见> agree to 同意35. in agreement <with> 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1>不肯定, 不具体. 2>在谣传中.38. above all <=especially, most important of all> 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all <=counting everyone or everything, altogether> 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; <not> at all 一点也不; all at once<=suddenly>突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.41. allow for <=take into consideration, take into account> 考虑到, 估计到 .42. amount to <=to be equal to> 总计, 等于.43. answer for <undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for> 对…负责.44. answer to <=conform to> 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of <=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right> 赞成, approve vt. 批准51. arise from<=be caused by> 由…引起.52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地<小地方>;得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地<大地方>;54. be ashamed of <=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done> 以… 为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. <=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.> 向…保证, 使…确信.56. attach<to> <=to fix, fasten; join> 缚, 系 ,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. <to do sth.> 试图做…58. attend to <=give one’s attention, care and thought>注意,照顾;attendon<upon><=wait upon, serve, look after> 侍候,照料59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法60. attribute…to…<=to believe sth. to be the result of…>把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average <=on average, on an average> 平均62. <be> aware of <=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness>意识到,知道.63. at the back of <=behind> 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部<里面>; on the back of 在…后部<外面>; be on one’s back<=be ill in bed> 卧病不起.65. at one’s back<=supporting or favoring sb.> 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台66. turn one’s back on sb. <=turn away from sb. in an impolite way> 不理睬<某人>,背弃,抛弃67. behind one’s back 背着某人<说坏话>68. be based on upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with <=first of all> 首先, 第一<经常用于开始语>72. on behalf of <=as the representative of> 以…名义73. believe in<=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true> 相信,依赖,信仰.74. benefit <from> 受益,得到好处.75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益<好处>76. for the better 好转77. get the better of <=defeat sb.> 打败, 胜过.78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花<指树木> be in blossom开花<强调状态> e into blossom开花<强调动作>81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of <or about> 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief<=in as few words as possible>简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事 . be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事89. last but one 倒数第二.90. but for <=without> 要不是. 表示假设91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的93. in any case<=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow>无论如何94. in case <=for fear that> 万一;95. in case of <=in the event of>如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言96. in no case在任何情况下都不<放句首倒装句>97. be cautious of 谨防98. center one’s attention on<=focus one’s attention on> 把某人的注意力集中在…上99. be certain of <=be sure of> 有把握, 一定.100. for certain of <=for sure >肯定地,有把握地101. by chance<=accidentally, by accident>偶然102. for a change换换环境<花样等>103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…104. in charge of <=responsible for> 负责<某事> in the charge of …由…管105. take charge of <=to be or bee responsible for>负责管理<照顾>106. charge…for 因…索取<费用> , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…107. round the clock<=all day and all night, usually without stopping> 昼夜不停地108. ment on 评论109. mit oneself to 使自己承担… mit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; mit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; mit a matter to a mittee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in mon <和…>有共同之处,共用. be mon to sb. 是与某人所共有的111. keep pany with <=be friendly and go out together> 和…要好.112. pare…with … 把…与…比较113. pare…to… 把…比作…114. by parison 比较起来115. in parison with <=in contrast to> 和…比起来116. pensate for <=give sth. to make up for> 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 pensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补117. plain of <or about>抱怨;诉苦;控告;plain about 抱怨某人或事情; plain to sb. about sth. <or sb.> 向某人抱怨…; plain <抱怨>; plement <补充>; pliment <恭维> 118. ply with <=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.> 遵守, 依从119. conceive of <think of, imagine, consider> 想象,设想120. concentrate on <or upon> 集中,专心121. be concerned with <=about> 与…有关122. concern oneself about with 关心123. in conclusion<=as the last thing>最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决125. on condition that <=if>以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管126. in out of condition <=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit> 健康状况好不好 . in good <bad> condition处于良好<坏>状态127. confess<to><=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong>承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行.128. confide in <=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret> 对…讲真心话, 依赖129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖131. be confident of 有信心; confidential ##的132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定<信念等>134. conform to <=be in agreement with, ply with> 符合,遵照,遵守;1>obey 服从; 2> observe; 3>ply with照…办; 4>keep to遵循; 5>abide by服从;6>stick to按..做135. be confronted with<=be brought face to face with> 面对, 面临136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺137. in connection with<=with regard to>关于,138. be conscious of<=be aware of>觉察,知道139. consent to<=give agreement to permission>同意140. in consequence <=as a result> 结果141. in consequence of <=as a consequence of>由于…的结果142. under consideration 在考虑中143. in consideration of <=in return for, on account of, because of >由于144. on no consideration<in no case>无论如何也不145.take…into consideration <=take account of, take…into acc ount>考虑到, 把…考虑进去146. considerate <=thoughtful of the needs> 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable 相当大的,值得考虑的147. consist of<=be posed of>由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致148. be consistent with<=be in agreement with>与…一致. be consistent in一贯的 , 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with<=be satisfied with> 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to <=in opposition to> 与…相反153. on the contrary 相反154. contrast…with 把…与…相对<对照>155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于157. under control <被>控制住 out of control无法控制158. at one’s convenience<=where and when it suits one> 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便159. convince sb. of <=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.> 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with<=deal with, try to find a solution to>应付, 处理161. in the corner<of>在角落里;on<at> the er of a street在街道拐弯处;round the er 拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond <with> < =exchange letters regularly> 通信163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价165. a matter of course 理所当然的事166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地167. in <during> the course 在…过程中168. in due course <=without too much delay> 没经过太久, 到一定时候169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger<of>处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date<=so far, until now> 到目前为止174. out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from 从某时期开始<有>175. deal with <=concern> 论与176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;179. delight in<=take great pleasure in doing sth.>喜欢, 取乐180. take <a> delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求<非物质的>东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求<物质的>东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from<=obtain…from>从…取得,由…来的.derive from<=e from>起源于186. despair of <=lose all hope of> 绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite <=in spite of> 不管, 尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,194. discharge sb. <from>…for <=dismiss sb. from a job for> 因…解雇, 开除195. fall back <=retreat, turn back> 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪196. on display<=being shown publicly>陈列197. dispose of <=get rid of ,throw away>处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出201. <be> distinct from < = be different from> 与…截然不同202. distinguish between <=make or recognize differences> 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开204. do away with<=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate> 除去,废除,取消; do away with <=kill> 杀掉, 镇压205. have…to do with 与…有关系206. without doubt <=undoubtedly>无可置疑地207. in doubt<=in a condition of uncertainty>对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于209. e off duty 下班210. go on duty 上班211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时212. be in duty bound to <do> <=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience> 有义务<做>213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望214. by ear <=play music from memory without having seen it printed> 凭记忆,不看乐谱215. have an ear for <=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language>对..有鉴赏力216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然218. with ease < = easily> 容易, 不费力219. at <one’s> ease < = without worry or nervousness> 自在,不拘束220. put sb. at his her ease <=free sb. from worry or nervousness>使某人感到无拘束221. economize on <=save sth. instead of being wasteful> 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响223. be in effect <=be in operation> 有效224. go into effect 生效. < 近 e into effect; take effect; be brought into effect> 225. in effect <=in fact, really> 实际上226. give effect to <=carry out> 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果228. <be> of no effect <=useless> 无效229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…230. to that effect 是那个意思的…231. emerge from < =appear, bee known > 出现, 暴露<问题. 意见等>232. place<or put, lay> an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end <=continuously> 连续地236. <be> at an end <=finished> 结束了237. no end of <=very manymuch> 很多,大量238. in the end <=finally, eventually> 最终239. at one’s wit’s end <=not knowing what to do or to say> 无法可想, 智穷计尽240. end up with 以…而结束241. e to and end <=finish> 结束242. end in 以…为结束243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事244. enter for <=put the name on a list for> 报名参加245. enter into <=begin> 开始<谈话, 谈判等>246. enter on upon <=begin> 开始 <一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等>247. be entitled to <=be given the right to do sth.>有权…,有资格…248. be equal to 等于249. be feel equal to <=have enough strength, ability etc.> <某人>能胜任,能应付 onequal terms<=on and equal footing>平等地250. be equipped with 装备有,装有251. <be> equivalent to<=equal in value, amount, meaning> 相等于, 相当于252. in essence <=in itsone’s nature> 本质上253. at all events <=in spite of everything, in any case> 不论怎样, 无论如何254. in any event <=whatever happens in the future> 无论如何, 不管<将来>怎么样255. in the event that<=if> 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是<常与but 连用>256. in the event of<=in case of>万一,即使发生..时257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..258. except <=but> 除了.259. except for <=apart from> 除…以外260. <an> exceptio n to …的例外261. with the exception of <=except, apart from> 除去…., 除…以外262. in excess of <=more than> 超过263. exchange…for 以…交换264. exclusive of <=not taking into account; without> 不包括265. in excuse of 作为…的借口266. exert…on… 对…施加…267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲268. e into existence <=begin to exist>开始存在; e into use开始使用; e into effect 开始运转; e into fashion开始时新; e into action开始行动; e into power开始执政;e into sight进入视野;e into blossom开花;269. <be> in existence存在 e into existence 出现270. expect…of 在…期望…271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受<危险,风险>273. be exposed to… 面临…, 受到….274. beyond expression <=in a manner that cannot be expressed> 无法形容, 说不出的275. give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现276. to …extent 在…程度上277. in the extreme <= extremely> 极其278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量<某人>279. close <shut> one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见280. in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间282. keep an eye on<=keep a watch on>照看,监视283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes < = in the judgment of > 在某人看来, 在某人眼里284. on the face of it <=judging by what one can see> 表面看来285. in the face of 面对着<困难等情况>286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向287. fail in <=be unsuccessful in> 失败288. in good faith<=honestly, sincerely> 真诚地289. keep faith with 对…守信用290. lose faith in 对…失去信心291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地292. faithful to <=loyal to> 对…忠诚293. fall into the habit <of> 养成…习惯294. fall short of <=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.> 没达到, 低于295. familiar with 熟悉,了解296. have a fancy for < =like sth. without the help of reason> <没有道理地>喜欢, 想要297. take a fancy to <=bee fond of> 喜欢298. by far 远, 非常 <与比较级或最高级连用>299. far from 远远不是300. far from 非但不…<而且>301. in fashion<=stylish, most modern>时兴,流行302. after the fashion <of> 依照…303. find fault with<=plain about; criticize>找毛病,对…吹毛求疵304. at fault <=in the wrong, blamable>有错305. in favour of 赞成306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱;out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠307. in one’s favour<=to one’s advantage>对.有利308. <be> favourable to<=advantageous>有利的309. fear for <=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.> 为…担心310. for fear of <=in case of; because of anxiety about> 以防, 由于怕311. in fear of <=afraid for the safety of> 担心312. feed <sb.> on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养313. be fed up with<=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull> 厌烦, 腻了314. feel like <=have a desire for> 想要315. fill in 填写316. fill out < =fill in >填写317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire<=do sth. remarkable>有突出成就318. play with fire <=take great risks>干冒险事319. set sth. on fire<=set fire to sth.>使..着火,放火320. at first sight<=when first seen>乍一看,一见321. for the first time 第一次 <作状语>322. in the first place 首先, 第一323. fit into 刚好放入324. fit in with < = suit , fall into agreement> 合适, 相配, 一致325. <be> fit for <=right and suitable for> 适合326. focus on <=concentrate on> 集中在…上 focus sth. on 把…集中在…上327. be fond of 喜欢328. <be> in force 有效 , 实施329. go into force 开始生效330. by force 靠武力, 强行331. force…on 把…强加给…332. in the form of 以…形式333. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气334. free of charge 免费335. be freed from 免受, 没有…336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部337. furnish…with <=supply> 向…提供338. in general <=in most cases, usually>通常339. catch <or get> a glimpse of 瞥见<强调结果> take a glance<or look> at看一眼<强调动作>340. be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用 be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好341. in good time<=early>早早地<做完.到达等>342. for good <=for ever> 永远地, 长期地343. take…for granted <=assume to be true> 把…认为理所当然的.344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人345. on the ground<s> fo <=because of> 由于…346. fall to the ground <计划.希望等>失败,落空347. on one’s guard<against> 谨防, 警惕 <be> on guard 站岗348. guard against <=defend, keep safe>警惕,防止guard…against 警卫…防止349. guess at 猜, 估计350. by guess 靠猜351. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失352. be in the habit of 习惯于353. break off <a habit> 改掉<某种习惯>354. break sb. of <a habit>使某人改掉<某习惯>355. get <fall> into the habit of养成了…的习惯356. e to a halt <=stop> 停止; 停住357. at hand 在手边, 眼前<附近>358. by hand 用手工<做>359. hand in glove<with> 狼狈为奸, 密切合作360. in hand 1>在手边 2><=under control>控制住361. in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责362. live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃363. at the head of 在…的前头364. head for <=move towards> 向…方向前进365. hear of <=know about> 听人说起, 听说过366. at heart <=in reality> 内心里, 实际上367. in one’s heart <of hearts>内心深处,事实上368. by heart <=by memory> 熟记, 背<诵>369. to one’s heart’s content 尽情地370. with all one’s heart全心全意地,真心实意371. hinder…form<=stop…from>阻碍,使..不能做372. be <go> on holiday 在<去>度假 go on holiday = go for a holiday373. be <feel> at home <=to be fortable; not feel worried> 感觉合适,无拘束 ,熟悉374. be honest in诚实375. in one’s honour <or in honour of>祝贺,纪念376. on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保377. hope for 希望<某事发生>,希望有378. to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是379. in a hurry <=hastily> 匆忙地380. be identical with<=exactly alike>和完全相同381. be identified with 被视为与…等同382. in ignorance of 不知道…383. be ignorant of < = lacking knowledge> 对…不了解,不知道384. <an> impact <on> 对…的强烈影响385. impo se…on 把…强加给386. impress…on 给…留下印象387. make <leave> an impression on sb. =give sb. an impression 给…留下印象388.under the impression that有..的印象,认为389. improve sth.<make sth. better>把原物改进 improve on<=produce or be sth. better than…> 另做一物比原物更好390. improve in <=get better> 有改进, 好些391. improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转392. include…in 把…列在…里面393. inclusive of 把…包括在内394. independent of 独立的,不受约束的395. indicative of 表明, 说明396. be indifferent to <=not interested in>对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎397. <be> inferior to<=less good in quality or value> 比…差; superior to比… 好398. inform sb. of sth. 通知, 告诉399. be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的400. insist on <=order sth. to happen> 坚持要2楼曹红林 2008-03-19 08:32 回复发站内信401. instead of <=in place of> 代替,而不是…402. instruct…in <=teach> 教.指导.训练某人…403. insure…for 把…保险<多少钱>; ensure 使安全; assure…<of> 使…确信,保证404. insure…against 保险…以防405. intend…for 打算把…给406. <be> intent on 专心致志, 坚决407. in the interests of 符合…的利益 be interested in 对…感兴趣408. interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰409. at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离410. intervene in 干预411. invest in 投资412. be involved in <=bee connected or concerned> 卷入, 参加413. by itself <=alone, without help>单独地,靠自己414. in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然415. be jealous of 妒忌416. jump at <=to be eager to accept>抢着接受,417. jump on <=scold, tell of> 叱责418. junior to sb. 年纪较…轻, 职位较…低.419. <be> keen on 喜爱, 渴望420. keep a close watch on < =keep a sharp lookout for> 密切注视421. keep…to oneself<=keep secret>不告诉别人422. to<the best of> one’s knowledge 据…所知423. at large<=at liberty, free> 在逃, 逍遥法外 at large<=in general> 一般来说, 大体上 at large<=at full length; with details>详细地424. lean against <背>靠着…425. at least 至少; at most 至多426. <not> in the least 一点<也不>, 丝毫<也不>427. at one’s leisure 在…有空的时候428. lend itselfthemselves to适合于<某用途>429. at length <=after a long time, at last>终于 at length <=in detail, thoroughly>详细地430. go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量431. be liable to <=be subject to>易于..的,应受<罚>432. be liable for 对…应负责任的433. lie in 在于434. in life 一生中435. for life 终身436. in the light of <=considering; taking into account> 考虑到, 根据437. throw light on < = make clear, explain> 使…更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明438. in line with<=in agreement with>符合,一致439. long for<=want very much>渴望,希望得到440. for long 很久,很长时间<否定句.疑问句中>441. before long <=soon>不久, 过了不久以后.442. in the long run <=in the end>从长远来说,最后; in the short term <从短期来说> 443. <be> at a loss 不知所措444．major in 主修〔某课程〕445. as a matter of fact 实际上, 事实是446. by all means <=at all costs>不惜一切. <=certainly> 当然行;by means of用…; by no means 完全不, 决不447. on memory of 为纪念…448. on the mend <=in the process of recovering> 好转, 在康复中449. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提起某事450. at the mercy of <=in the power of> 任…摆布, 在…支配下451. be in a mess 乱七八糟, 处境困难 make a mess of 弄乱, 打乱452. bear<or keep>…in mind<=remember>牢记453. bring<or call>to mind<=remember>使回想起454. by mistake<由于粗心,健忘原因而>错误地455. at the moment <=now> 此刻,现在 for the moment <=for the time being>暂时 just a moment 稍等片刻 at the last moment 在最后一刻456. in the mood for 有情绪去做..,有心境做.457. no more…than 和…一样都不…458. for the most part 多半,大多数,一般来说459. at <the> most 最多, 至多460. make the most of 充分利用461. be not much of<=not a good>不是很好的… be something of 有点…,像…462. name after 用…的名字命名463. native to 所产的464. by nature 天生的, 生来465. in mature 本质上466. <be> in the nature of 属…性质467. none other that 不是别人,正是…468. above normal 高于正常<温度>469. for nothing <=free, without payment>免费470. nothing but 只有, 不过…而已471. to say nothing of<=not to mention>更不用说…472. do sth. at short notice 只给很少时间准备473. until further notice 在另行通知前474. take notice of <=pay attention> 注意475. object to <=be opposed to> 反对476. objection to <接动名词> 反对477. on occasion<=now and then>不时地,必要时478. by occasion of <=because of> 由于479. occupy oneself with <in> 忙于<某事>480. it occurs to sb. that… 某人想到…481. once and for all =once and forever永远地 all at once <=suddenly, now> 立即,马上 once in a while <=occasionally> 偶尔 <just> for once 就这一次482. <all> by oneself 独自<没有别人帮助>483. operate on sb. 给某人做手术 operation n. e go into operation开始运转 putbring sth. into operation 使…投产,运转484. be of the opinion 持有…的看法485. in one’s opinion 按某人的看法486. be opposed to… 反对…487. be opposite to 与…相反的488. <be> in order<=acceptable>合适的,恰当的 in order 井井有条,处于良好状态; out of order<=in bad condition>出毛病,发生故障489. made to order 定做的<衣服>490. originate infrom<=begin>起源于,由..引起491. on the outskirts <of> 在城郊492. owe…to 把…归于…。
英语专四专八语法规则辨析整理总结全
英语专四专八语法规则辨析整理总结全
英语专四专八是一项考试，语法是考试的重点之一。
以下是对英语语法中一些常见的规则进行梳理和辨析总结，以便备考时准确掌握。
时态
英语中有多种时态，包括现在时、过去时、将来时等。
时态在语法中很重要，因为它可以表达行动的时间和状态。
一般来说，英语语法中最基本的时态是现在时、过去时和将来时。
主谓一致
主谓一致是英语语法中的重点之一，指的是主语和谓语必须在人称和数上保持一致。
例如，单数主语需要用单数谓语动词，而复数主语需要用复数谓语动词。
冠词
英语语法中有三种冠词：a、an和the。
a和an是不定冠词，表示单数可数名词，而the是定冠词，表示特定的人、物、地点等。
名词
英语语法中有三种名词：可数名词、不可数名词和集合名词。
可数名词可以与数词连用表示数量，不可数名词不能与数词连用，集合名词表示由众多相似个体组成的群体。
动词
动词是英语语法中最重要的部分之一。
动词有时态、语态和语气等方面的变化，动词的不同形式反映了不同的语法含义。
形容词和副词
英语语法中的形容词和副词是修饰词，用于描述名词和动词。
形容词一般在名词前面使用，副词则用于修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
介词
英语语法中的介词用于表示时间、空间和关系等。
介词通常出现在名词或代词之前，用于指示它们与其他单词之间的关系。
以上是英语专四专八语法的规则辨析整理总结，希望对备考的同学有所帮助。
英语专业四级语法重点解析
英语专业四级语法重点、难点：定语从句1.Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the su**ce. (2003)A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which（C，关系代词在从句中做定语。
“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。
”）2.Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are（D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they 是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配。
）3.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. (1994)A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As （D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。
“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。
”）4.This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996)A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what （B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。
”）5. The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997)A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is（C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。
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英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)
英语专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)
一 代数 名词 数词
1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时 顺序是:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称
2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以
3 以‘名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词，
它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数 直接来源于短语或以
可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数 以‘man 或者woman+名
词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数 以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复
数形式 如：homework
4 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时 几乎都可做可数名词 如：different
teas
当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时 其前可加a/an
6 名词所有格要点：必须用’s的场合
1）’s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后
2）作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s
3）人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加’s
4）当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物 如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略
5）复合名词在最后一个词后加’s
6）当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用’s
7 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋 ， 必须用of的场合
1）名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时
2）以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时
如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形
式 如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of
8 表示顺序的两种方式：
1）‘名词+基数词’，不用冠词，如Chapter four
2） ’the+序数词+名词‘ 如the Fourth Chapter
9 倍数增减的表示法
1） 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
2） 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
3） 倍数+名词
4） 动词+百分比或倍数
5） 动词+to+数词
6） double/triple/quadruple+名词
7） 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数
10 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词 分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数
11 百分比后接名词时加of
二 形容词 副词
1）前置修饰语的排列顺序
可以至于冠词前的形容词（all both such) -----冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定
形容词（a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词（one ) 序数词（first)------------
表示性质，状态，质量的形容词（good useful)--------------表示大小，长短，形状的形容词
----------------表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词
---------------------表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词-----------表示材料，用做形容词的名词
----------动名词，分词
2）后置修饰语 由前缀a-构成的形容词
3）形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时，必须后
置
4）enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后，但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时，必须后
置
5）有些形容词本身就有‘比....年长’，‘比.......... 优等的意思 这些形容词后面用介词
to 而不用than
6）much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词
7）more 不能用来修饰比较级
8）与名词连用的more of a .../as much of a.../more of a....意为更像....
9）as much of a...意为称得上，less of a 意为算不上
10）none other than(不是别人，正是）=no other than
11）any/sone/every与other连用时，其后若用可数名词，一般为单数
三 情态动词
1）can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不，只能（but后跟不带to的动词不定式）
2）must 表示禁止，一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时 意为一定 准
是时 它的否定形式为can’t
3）need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味
4）need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 （经常考）
四 虚拟语气
从
句
主句
1）与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should（第一人称）would(其
它人称）+have+过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去式（动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词
原型
与将来事实相反 过去式或should/were+动
原 would/should/could/might+动词原型
2）It is (high/about/the)time.........谓语动词用过去式 指现在或将来的情况 表示早该做
某事而现在已经有点晚了
3）It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经
验
4）as if/though 的虚拟要点
1）对当时事实的假设，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were
2）对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成式
3）对未来事实的假设，从句谓语用would+动词原型