考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2005年part3

Part Three

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" - the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it"

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM （rapid eye movement）sleep - when most vivid dreams occur - as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system （the "emotional brain"）is especially active, while the prefronted cortex （the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily

life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events - until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling. Sleep - or rather dream - on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

11. Researchers have come to believe that dreams

[A] can be modified in their courses [B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears [D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

12. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show

[A] it's function in our dreams [B] the mechanism of REM sleep

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions [D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex

13. The Negative feelings generated during the day tend to

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind [B] develop into happy dreams

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep [D] show up in dreams early at night

14. Cartwright seems to suggest that

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

15. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

[A] Lead your life as usual [B] Seek professional help

[C] Exercise conscious control [D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime

Unit12 （2005） Part 3

重点词汇：

1. component（组成部分，部件，元件） =componere,即com全体+ponere放置。 Blade and handle are the component Parts of a knife. 刀身和刀柄是刀的组成部分

2. suspend （暂停，中止；悬挂） suspend Particles of dust.悬浮在空中的尘埃 suspend

a football player. 一名球员被暂停比赛 The magazine suspended 杂志暂时停刊

3. Freud 弗洛伊德（1856～1939）奥地利神经精神病学家，精神分析创始人

4. formulate ? （构想出，系统地阐述） form=shape,model 形，样。formulate one's ideas into a theory. 系统地阐述自己的思想使之成为理论 the contract was formulated in

difficult legal languagee. 该合同使用深噢的法律术语订立的

5. revolutionary （革命的，重大变革的）即re+volu=roll,turn 转，滚卷+tion +ary。Genetic engineering will have revolutionary consequences for markind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响

6. disguise（伪装，掩饰） The Prime Minister couldn't disguise his anger. 首相怒形于色

7. unconscious （下意识的，无意识的；失去知觉的）即un无+con共同+sic=know知道+ous。 an unconscious slight 无意的冒犯 He lay unconsciouss for some hours.他昏迷了好几个小时

8. neurologist （神经病学家, 神经科医师） neuro-神经。 neural 神经系统的

9. switch （转变，转向） Switch the conversation to a different topic. 改变谈话的话题 He switched his horse to make it go faster.他挥鞭以策马

10. random （随机的，任意的）a random talk 漫谈 draw the winning numbers at random. 任意抽出的中奖数字

11. byproduct （副产品）An increasee in crime is one of the byproducts of unemployment. 犯罪率增加是失业问题造成的恶果[联想记忆] bypass 旁路、小道bywork 副业byname 绰号

12. thermostat （调温器） thermo=of heat 热的

13. regulate ? （调节；管理，控制）reg=rule统治，控制。The volume of economic activity was regulated by the supply of money. 经济活动范围的大小是受提供资金的多少制约的

14. harness （治理，利用） harness a river 治河 harnesss nuclear energy 利用核能 harnesss indivdual talents to a comm.on end. 把各人的才能用于一个共同的目标

15. occur ?? （出现，发生） Fish occur in most waters. 大多数江河湖海中都有鱼 That sound doesn't occur in his language. 他讲的语言中没有这个音

16. limbic system （[大脑] 边缘系统）

17. prefrontal cortex （[大脑]前额叶皮层）

18. recur ??（反复出现，再发生） re+cur跳，发生。 This theme recurs constantly throughout the opera.这一主旋律在该歌剧中不断出现 Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely traveler.对家人和亲人的思恋重新浮上孤寂旅人的心头

19. visualize ?（想象；使形象化） vis=see看。 I cann't visualize myself ever getting married. 我不能想象我有朝一日能结婚

20. significance（重要性：重要的状态或性质） sign=mark 记号，标记。 Few peoplee realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性

21. persistent（持续的，坚持不懈的）即per从头到尾+sist=stand站立+ent→始终站立着→坚持。 She eventually married the most persistent of her admires. 她终于嫁给了最执著追求她的人

22. nightmare（梦魇，恶梦）即 night夜+mare鬼。 I have nightmare about falling off

a cliff.我做梦梦见从悬崖上摔下来

23. therapist （治疗学家） a psychology therapist 心理治疗专家 [联想记忆] psychotherapy 心理疗法

难句解析：

① A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.

本句由分号分为两部分,其中第一部分的主干是Freud formulated his revolutionary theory...,宾语theory后面是一个以that引导的同位语从句，说明theory的内容；在第二部分中，代词them指代的是dreams,破折号后面的部分the random byproducts of the neural-repair work...进一步解释什么是mental noise,work 后面的that引导一个定语从句，修饰work。

② Now researchers suspect that dreams are Part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line".

Suspect后面是that引导的宾语从句；逗号之后的现在分词短语regulating moods...作定语，解释thermostat 的意思，句末的while引导一个时间状语从句。

③ And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better,

say后面是that 引导的一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句比较复杂：诸于是these intensely powerfull mental events,谓语是一个not only...but...连接的并列结构，后面的不定式结构to help us sleep and feel better 作目的状语。

④ Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

本句开始是主干Most peoplee seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,后面的两个现在分词结构progressing toward... 和 suggesting that... 都做伴随状语；第二个现在分词结构suggesting that ...后面接一个that引导的宾语从句，其中过去分词结构generated during the day 作后置定语，修饰前面的feelings。

⑤ Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.

本句是一个复合句，表示因果关系，开始是Because引导的原因状语从句 Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life,接着是主句；破折号后面的until引导一个时间状语从句，其中it appears 是插入语。

⑥ At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of "we wake u in a panic," Cartwright says.

句首的At the end of the day 是时间状语，接着是主句there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all，后面的unless 引导条件状语从句，其中包含两个以or连接的并列分句。

在英语中，如果要表示一句话或一个观点是某个人说的，这个说话的人通常出现在句子中间或者句子的末尾。

试题解析：

这是一篇心理学体裁的文章，选自 Newsweek，讲的是梦与情绪的关系问题。文章开篇就说梦的原理以及梦是可以控制的，然后讲梦与情感的关系，结尾再次强调梦是可以控制的。文章有三个关键词，分别是梦；睡眠和控制；情感意识。

11.

Word 是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99%的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。掌握他们，你将开启新世界的大门。

Tab+Enter,在编过号以后，会自动编号段落

Ctrl + D调出字体栏，配合Tab+Enter全键盘操作吧

Ctrl + L 左对齐，Ctrl + R 右对齐，Ctrl + E 居中

Ctrl + F查找，Ctrl + H 替换。然后关于替换，里面又大有学问！

有时候Word文档中有许多多余的空行需要删除，这个时候我们可以完全可以用“查找替换”来轻松解决。打开“编辑”菜单中的“替换”对话框，把光标定位在“查找内容”输入框中，单击“高级”按钮，选择“特殊字符”中的“段落标记”两次，在输入框中会显示“^P^P”，然后在“替换为”输入框中用上面的方法插入一个“段落标记”(一个“^P”)，再按下“全部替换”按钮。这样多余的空行就会被删除。

Ctrl + Z是撤销，那还原呢？就是Ctrl + Y，撤销上一步撤销！

比如我输入abc, 按一下F4, 就会自动再输入一遍abc

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