剑桥雅思8Test4Passage1阅读原文+答案解析
剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage3原文翻译
剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage3原文翻译-心灵感应解析查看，请点击：剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage1原文+答案解析人类可否只通过思想进行沟通交流? 一百多年来,关于心灵感应的话题在科学界产生很大意见分歧,时至今日,它依然在学界精英中引起激烈辩论。
自上个世纪70年代以来，在世界各大高校和科研院所，超心理学者们冒着被同行嘲笑和怀疑的风险，将关于心灵感应的各种不同说法进行严格的科学实验，其结果及其启示即使在研究者本身中，也引发了很大争议。
有些科学家认为，实验结果提供了强有力证据，可以证明心灵感应是真实存在的。
另一些超心理学家则相信，该研究虽试图用科学证据证明心灵感应存在，却并未取得成功，相关研究也都处在失败的边缘。
不过无论是怀疑者还是倡导者都同意一点，即迄今最有力的证据来自于“ganzfeld”实验。
该实验名称来自德语，意思是“全域”。
通过冥想心灵感应实验者的报告，超心理学家怀疑，可能因为人们之间传递的“信号”过于模糊，以至于很容易被正常的脑波活动所覆盖。
如果这样的话，当人们身处一个伴有灯光和音响的温暖轻松的环境，经历冥想般的宁静，会更容易感知此类信号。
该实验几乎满足了所有的条件。
参加者待在密封的房间里，坐着柔软的躺椅，听着轻松的音乐，眼睛被特殊的过滤器覆盖，只看见柔和的粉色光。
早期的实验主要涉及选图。
先从一个大型图库中任意选出四张图片，再让实验者指认其中一张。
具体操作步骤是，作为“发送人”的实验者努力将一张图通过思维传给密封房间内的“接收人”。
当传送结束后，“接收人”需从四张图中选出哪一张才是刚刚被传送的图。
如果是随便猜测,可达到25%的命中率。
然而，如果心灵感应真的存在，命中率就应该更高。
1982年，心灵感应研究的先行者之一，美国超心理学家查尔斯·荷诺顿(Charles Honorton)分析了这些早期实验的结果。
结果证明典型的命中率要高于30%。
虽然比例高不了多少，但统计测试表明，结果已不完全是偶发几率。
剑桥雅思精选阅读解析test
P a s s a g e 1Question 1答案： YES关键词： reasons, arguments occur定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“Popular linguistic debate... ”语言学上的普通争论通常会升级为谩骂和论战。
语言属于所有人，所以大多数人认为他们有权保留自己对语言的看法。
解题思路: 题干要判断对于语言的争论，原因是否可以理解。
原文陈述，语言属于所有人，大多数人有权保留对语言的看法，所以人们的观点会产生分歧是可以理解的。
题干与原文完全一致。
Question 2答案： NO关键词： language education, language usage定位原文：第1段第4句“And when opinions differ,…”而当看法出现分歧时，人们可能变得情绪激动。
语言用法方面的一点小事，就能像语言学教育政策中的重大问题一样很容易引起争论。
解题思路：题干要判断人们对待语言教育的态度是否比对待语言用法的态度更加强烈。
原文陈述，语言用法方面的一点小事都能像语言学教育政策中的大事一样引起争论，这说明对待语言用法与语言学教育政策的态度同样强烈。
题干与原文所述观点不一致。
Question 3答案： YES关键词： intelligence, affect定位原文：第2段第2句“No part of society or social…”所有社会组成部分或者社会行为无一例外。
语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力、社会地位、教育程度、工作能力以及许多身份与社会生存的其他方面。
解题思路：题干要判断使用语言的方式是否会影响人们对一个人智力的评估。
原文陈述，语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力……题干与原文完全一致。
Question 4答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： prescriptive, 18th century对应原文：第4段第1句“All the main languages…”解题思路：对所有主要语言的研究都是约定俗成的，尤其在18世纪对语法与词典的编写过程中。
剑桥雅思阅读解析Test
Passage1Question 1答案：B关键词：wildlife other than bats. . . do not rely on vision. . .定位原文：B段第2句: “Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today”.解题思路: 题目问哪一段举出了除了蝙蝠之外不需要视觉导航的物种的例子;B段中说了被捕猎的昆虫、深海鱼类、鲸鱼、海豚等物种在鲜有光线或者完全黑暗的环境下是如何生活的;比较容易定位..Question 2答案：A关键词: early mammals avoid dying out定位原文: A段倒数第2句: “In the time when the dinosaurs …”解题思路: ancestors 等同于early mammals; survive 等同于avoid dying out..Question 3答案：A关键词: why … hunt in the dark定位原文: A段第5句: “Given that there is a living...”解题思路: 联系上下文;对应句说了物竞天择使蝙蝠晚上捕食;后面说了这个可能追溯到过去;那时恐龙白天捕食;使哺乳动物不得不晚上捕食Question 4答案：E关键词：a particular discovery定位原文: E段倒数第2句话“… and much of our scientific understanding of the details...”解题思路: 理解定位句意义：大多数关于蝙蝠行为细节的科学理解都是利用雷达理论完成的Question 5答案：D关键词： early military echolocation定位原文: D段倒数第2句和最后1句: “After this technique had been invented....”“Both sides in the Second World War ...”解题思路: 第二次世界大战可以对应early一词..Question 6答案：phantom关键词： facial vision / pain / arm or leg定位原文: D段第5句“… like the referred pain in a phantom limb”解题思路: 通过填空题的小标题“Facial Vision”;首先可以把此题迅速定位到文章的D段;紧接着可以在D段的第5句寻找到定位关键词referred pain..Question 7答案：echoes/obstacles关键词：perceiving / ears定位原文: D段第6句、第7句“The sensation of facial vision… the presence of obstacles”.解题思路: 此题需要将两句话放在一起理解：而感视觉是通过耳朵传输的;尽管盲人并没有意识到这一点;但现实生活中他们的确在运用自己的步伐以及其他声音的回声来感觉路上障碍物的存在..perceive一词在雅思学术类阅读考试当中多次出现;是“感知;感觉;察觉”的意思;相当于原文中的sense..综上分析得出答案echoes或obstacles..Question 8答案：depth关键词: before / instruments / calculated / seabed定位原文: D段倒数第3句: “… for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”解题思路: 按照解题顺序;找到介词before;接着找到instruments;并很快找到题目中关键词 calculated的同义同measure;然后就以顺利找到正确答案depth..Question 9答案：submarines关键词：wartime / finding定位原文: D段倒数第2句：“After this technique had been invented…”解题思路: 看到weapons designers 可以联想到wartime; detection是探测的意思;与题目中的finding同义;由此可知答案是submarines. 这里特别提醒考生;如果不变复数是不得分的..Question 10答案: natural selection关键词：radar/ resulted in/ radar-like / bats定位原文: E段第1句: “… or rather natural selection…”解题思路: 题目：早在雷达发明之前;是什么在蝙蝠身上进化出了复杂的类雷达系统呢 Sophisticated一词指“稍密的;复杂的”..根据题意; 考生需要寻找一个蝙蝠拥有精确定位本领的原因..原因连接词在这用并没有出现;但perfect一词却可以告诉我们是自然选择使然;所以正确答案是natural selection..Question 11答案：radio waves/echoes关键词: not used定位原文: E段第2句: “It is technically incorrect to…”解题思路: 题目说蝙蝠也使用雷达实际上是不正确的;因为在导航的时候它们根本没有使用____..not used是关键词;题目中以被动语态的形式出现;文章中则变成主动语态;但因为核心动词use 没有改变;所以此题很简单;正确答案是radio waves..Question 12答案：mathematical theories关键词：radar / sonar/ similar定位原文: E段第4句: “But the underlying mathematical theories…”解题思路: 题目：雷达和声呐是基于相似的____..先在E段后部找到radar 和sonar两个关键词;接着找到similar;空里要填的名词应该就不远了..此处语序有所变动;但是仍然很容易找到答案mathematical theories;因为题干中要求最多用两个词填空;因此前面的underlying就不能填了.. Question 13答案：zoologist关键词： echolocation/ first / someone定位原文: E段最后1句: “The American zoologist…”解题思路: 第一次使用声呐一词的人的职业是____..只要知道coin词有“发明;创造;杜撰”的意思;就能轻易联想到first used..而根据文章;这个词是由一个叫Donald Griffin的zoologist发明的;由此得出答案.. Passage 2Question 14答案：xi关键词：ancient定位原文: A段最后1句出现了the Roman Empire解题思路: 本段第1句定下了段落的主要内容为古代对水资源的管理;接下来讲了城镇的发展带来大坝和引水渠的发展;最后讲述了罗马帝国鼎盛时期的水利系统..因此本段的主题是古代的供水系统..Question 15答案： vii关键词：health定位原文: C段倒数第2句出现 sanitation; 最后一句“preventable water-related diseases kill…”解题思路: C段最后1句说到：每天大约1-2万名儿童死于与水相关的各种可预防性疾病;新证据表明我们解决上述问题的力度还远远不够..虽然不能够在首句就感觉到这一段是在谈健康与水供给之间的关系;但是看了下面的文字;就可感觉到作者在谈健康;特别是sanitation一词出现后;基本可以确定答案是vii ..Question 16答案： v关键词：effect定位原文: D段从第2句开始的整个段落解题思路: D段是一个描述性段落..第1句话就说“我们水资源政策的后果远非仅仅危及人类健康那么简单”;承上启下;显然这一段不是讲健康了;但同时我们也更加确认C段是在讲健康方面的问题;那么个人健康讲完了;要不要讲一下地球的健康呢于是考生在这一段找到了freshwater fish…threatened… endangered… degrade… soil quality… reduce…agricultural productivity…等等与环境相关的同语;所以不必读到最后;考生应该已经能够看出这道题目的答案是v..Question 17答案：i关键词：revision; policy定位原文: E段第1句解题思路: E段首句说: “At the outset of the newmillennium;however;the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change”. 这句话当中的changed正好可以与revision相对应..在第三句考生还可以找到Some water experts are now demanding…;这就对上了答案中的scientists call for..在下面考生还可以找到this shift in philosophy;这一点又可以对应policy. 纵观全段;shift; shifting等表示变化的词不断出现;所以最合适的答案就是i..Question 18关键词：surprisingly downward定位原文: F段第1句解题思路: F段首句说：Fortunately — and unexpectedly — the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted. F段末句提到：And in a few parts of the world; demand has actually fallen. 合起来看;正好可以与heading当中的“令人惊奇的下降趋势”相对照;很好选择的一题..Question 19答案： ii关键词：explanation; reduced定位原文: G段第1句解题思路: “What explains this remarkable turn of events”此句中的turn of events指的就是F段中提到的水需求量下降一事;所以答案应该选择ii..如果考生把F段和G段连起来看的话;会发现选项的逻辑连贯性..ix: a surprising downward trend in demand for waterii: an explanation for reduced water use答案: x关键词：raise; standard定位原文: H段第2句: “But such projects must be…”解题思路: H段第2句的higher specifications等于选项中的raise standards;也比较容易理解答案是x..Question 21答案：NO关键词：Ancient Rome定位原文: A段最后1句：“At the height of the Roman Empire…”在罗马帝国鼎盛时期;人们修建了9 条主要水利系统;其疏水管道和污水管道均以革新的方式铺设;为城区居民提供用水..当时罗马城内居民人均用水量和现今工业社会很多地区的人均用水量相当..解题思路:关键词是as much…as;这个词组与题干中的higher than相抵触;两者明显不符..所以答案为NO..Question 22答案： YES关键词： irrigation system 或者按照顺序原则定位在B段定位原文: B段倒数第2句: “Food production has kept pace with …”食品供应能跟得上人口猛增主要是由于人工灌溉系统的增长使得世界粮食产量提高了40%解题思路: 题中的feeding increasing population在文中对应Food production has kept pace with soaring populations; 题中的due primarily to变成文中的mainly because of; 而题中的 improved irrigation system则成了文中的expansion of artificial irrigation systems..Question 23答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：ancient Greeks and Romans定位原文: 在C段第1句“…with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans”世界上有一半的人口享受的供水服务还比不上古希腊和古罗马时期解题思路: 题干中的古希腊、古罗马终于出现了;但是周围根本没有任何语句表明现代人模仿了他们的水利系统;从上面这句话也完全无法推出这个结论;可见题目是无中生有;属于完全没有提及型的 NOT GIVEN.. Question 24答案：NO关键词： industrial growth定位原文: F段第3句、第4句: “ Although population; industrial output… has actually fallen”. 尽管在发达国家;人口仍然急剧膨胀;工业和经济依然高速发展;但人们开采地下水和地表水的速度却减缓了下来..在全球某些地区;人们对水资源的需求量甚至下降了..解题思路: 题目中称工业增长使水需求量整体上升;而文中却说速度放缓;甚至需求量下降;两者显然是抵触的;所以答案是NO..Question 25答案：YES关键词：modem technologies; domestic或者跟随24题顺序找到G段定位原文: G段第4句“But since 1980…”但自从 1980年以来;人均用水量确实是下降了;这主要得益于一系列新技术在家庭及工业节水方面的作用..解题思路: 文中的decreased对应题目中的reduction; 都指需水量的下降..这是一道很容易辨别的YES..Question 26答案：NOT GIVEN关键词： government; water infrastructures定位原文: H段位于第1句的infrastructure解题思路: 原文只是说未来还会建各种设施;但没有提到国家是否应该拥有水利设施Passage 3Question 27答案：D关键词：Educating Psyche定位原文: 第1段首句：“Educating Psyche by Bemie Neville is …”解题思路: 作者开篇就揭示了本书的主要内容;是关于激进的新型教学法的..题干中的 mainly concern 等同于文中的look at; radical new两个形容词等同于D选项中的not traditional;因此可以判定正确答案是D..个别同学会被C困扰;因为貌似emotion; imagination; unconscious 这样的词在文中第一段也出现了;仔细辨别the effects of emotion; imagination and the unconscious on learning这句话;就会发现它说的是情感;想象力和潜意识对学习的影响;而不是C答案中情感对想象力及潜意识的影响;这是典型的混淆项..Question 28答案： A关键词：Lozanov’s theory定位原文: 第2段第2句“Besides the laboratory evidence for this…”解题思路: 这句之后作者马上举出两个例子：读书和听演讲;我们没有记住书的内容;也没记住演讲的主题;却能够较易回忆起书的颜色、装订、字体以及演讲者的容貌举止;甚至是礼堂里坏掉的空调;这些小细节与主题相比微不足道..作者所举的例子形象地说明了题干中所说的“当我们努力要记起什么的时候;我们记住的往往是些无关紧要的细节”;所以正确答案是AQuestion 29答案： B关键词：book/lecture定位原文: 第2段解题思路: 考生可以将C排除;因为文章并未涉及这个选项的内容..D选项所提到的催眠在第2段根本未被提及;也可以直接排除..A和B两项中;A与文中所述内容不符;文中是用两个例子来说明白我们记忆的时候;记住的往往是无关紧要的细节;而不是用来说明书和演讲对于促进注意力集中的重要性..因此B是正确答案;文中所举的两个例子相当于论据;用来证明他关于教学方法的理论是对充分根据的..Question 30答案：C关键词：Lozanov定位原文: 第3段倒数第2句“In suggestopedia; as he called his method…”解题思路: 选项C中 something other than the curriculum content刚好可以和上句中的shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral相对应..即使考生根本不认识peripheral一词;也可以从shift away这个词组猜测出来重点被从curriculum上转移到别的东西上去了;然后可以推出正确答案是CQuestion 31答案：FALSE关键词： in the fourth paragraph定位原文: 第4段第4句到第7句“…the teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly… in the second part … while the teacher reads the text in a normal speaking voice.”解题思路: 文中提到教学的两个阶段：音乐从第一阶段的古典音乐到了第二阶段的巴洛克式音乐;老师也从第一阶段的“用缓慢且庄严的语调朗读课文”变成了第二阶段的“用正常声调朗读课文”;这就证明改变的不仅仅是音乐;还有老师的朗读方法Question 32答案：FALSE关键词：prior to定位原文: 文章第5段第2句: “through meeting with the staff…”通过与老师以及对这种语言学习方式感到满意的学生的交流;他们形成了一种期待：那就是接下来的学习将是简单轻松的解题思路: 原文中的easy and pleasant与题目中的demanding互相矛盾;由此可知答案应为FALSEQuestion 33答案：TRUE关键词：follow-up定位原文: 第6段第4句：“Such methods are not unusual in language teaching”解题思路: 这些方式在语言教学中十分寻常..言外之意;暗示教学法跟进课程中所用的教学方法比如games或者improvised dramatisation;在普通教学中也被用到;推测一下;即为跟进课程使用了与传统课堂相似的教学方法..Question 34答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：improvements in their memory定位原文: 第6段最后1句“Another difference from conventional teaching is …”与传统教学模式不同的是;在间接暗示方法下;学生通常可以轻易记住1000个生词以及语法点和成语..解题思路: 作者仅仅是说采用暗示方法的学生记往了1000个单词;这高于传统教学方法的成果..但是并没有说记住1000个单词;就代表他们的记忆能力有了所谓的提高;从文中给出的证据;我们是无法推知这个结论的..因此答案是NOT GIVENQuestion 35答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：teachers定位原文: 第6段最后1句“Another difference from conventional teaching is …”解题思路: 文中提到了suggestopedia及conventional teaching;但主要讲了两者的区别与联系;并未标明教师对两者的偏好;因此答案为NOT GIVEN.Question 36答案：TRUE关键词： new vocabulary定位原文: 第6段最后1句“Another difference from conventional teaching is …”与传统教学模式的另外一点不同就是在间接暗示方法下;学生通常可以轻易记住1000个生词以及语法点和成语..解题思路: conventional teaching等同于题目中的ordinary class; difference 一词就暗示了暗示教学法比传统教学方法的进步;而后面强调学生在暗示方法下可以记住多达1000个新词;显然比在传统教学方法下记忆的更多..因此答案是TRUE.Question 37答案： F关键词：hypnosis/ however/a certain amount/convince定位原文: 第7段第4句: “Lozanov acknowledges that …”解题思路: 与其他如催眠那样的方法相比;暗示教学法使用了一种不那么直接的暗示方法..然而;Lonazov承认为了说服学生;一定量的37还是必要的;尽管37只是一种38..从Lozanov acknowledges向后寻找;很快找到a这个冠词;后而就是38空要填的词H placebo;返回头寻找曾经出现在词库里的名词;考生就得到了F ritualQuestion 38答案：H关键词：hypnosis/ however/a certain amount/convince定位原文: 第7段第4句: “Lozanov acknowledges that …”解题思路: 从Lozanov acknowledges向后寻找;很快找到a这个冠词;后而就是38空要填的词H placeboQuestion 39答案： K关键词：follow a set procedure/ although/most other teacher定位原文: 最后1段第1句: “While suggestopedia has gained…”解题思路: 题目中的句子翻译为：再者;如果暗示教学法要取得成功;教师就必须遵循一套教学流程..尽管Lozanov的方法已经变得很 39 ;然而大多数其他教师的使用结果都是40文章中说暗示教学法gained some notoriety. notoriety是此题关键;本来此词是臭名昭着的意思;但在这里贬义褒用;取着名之意..那么K well known 显然就比spectacular更合适了;故39 题应该选K..Question 40答案： G关键词: follow a set procedure/ although/most other teacher定位原文: 最后1段第1句: “While suggestopedia has gained…”解题思路: 根据文章;L的方法是spectacular的..那么教师的结果应该与之相反;因此40空应该填G unspectacular..。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案（test3）
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test3)店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题解析：test3阅读原文解析，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利，都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at LightningWith LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death — out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site inFlorida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to usin g rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. ‘Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,’ says Bernstein. ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn’t supposed to go.’And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a p opulated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely —and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, thisconducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. T o stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point —and he’s hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support‘ if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ —not justforecasting the weather but controlling it. ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to conf ront some other meteorological menaces. ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from ..................... .5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used.....................6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its.....................Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionization by removing electrons from 7 ..................... . This laser is then directed at 8 ..................... in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9..................... . As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at10 ..................... .A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Nature of GeniusThere has always been an interest in geniuses and prodigies. The word ‘genius’, from the Latin gens (= family) and the term ‘genius’, meaning ‘begetter’, comes from the ea rly R o m a n c u l t o f a d i v i n i t y a s t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y . I n i t s e a r l i e s t f o r m , g e n i u s w a s c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e a b i l i t y o f t h e h e a d o f t h e f a m i l y , t h e p a t e r f a m i l i a s , t o p e r p e t u a t e h i m s e l f . G r a d u a l l y , g e n i u s c a m e t o r e p r e s e n t a p e r s o n s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d t h e n c e a n i n d i v i d u a l s h i g h e s t a t t r i b u t e s d e r i v e d f r o m h i s g e n i u s o r g u i d i n g s p i r i t . T o d a y , p e o p l e s t i l l l o o k t o s t a r s o r g e n e s , a s t r o l o g y o r g e n e t i c s , i n t h e h o p e o f f i n d i n g t h e s o u r c e o f e x c e p t i o n a l a b i l i t i e s o r p e r s o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o n c e p t o f g e n i u s a n d o f g i f t s h a s b e c o m e p a r to f o u r f o l k c u l t u r e , a n d a t t i t u d e s a r e a m b i v a l e n t t o w a r d s t h e m . W e e n v y t h e g i f t e d a n d m i s t r u s t t h e m . I n t h e m y t h o l o g y o f g i f t e d n e s s , i t i s p o p u l a r l y b e l i e v e d t h a t i f p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t e d i n o n e a r e a , t h e y m u s t b e d e f e c t i v e i n a n o t h e r , t h a t i n t e l l e c t u a l s a r e i m p r a c t i c a l , t h a t p r o d i g i e s b u r n t o o b r i g h t l y t o o s o o n a n d b u r n o u t , t h a t g i f t e d p e o p l e a r e e c c e n t r i c , t h a t t h e ya r e p h y s i c a l w e a k l i n g s , t h a t t h e r e s a t h i n l i n eb e t w e e n g e n i u s a n d m a d n e s s , t h a t g e n i u s r u n s i n f a m i l i e s , t h a t t h e g i f t e d a r e s oc l e v e r t h e yd o n t ne e d s p e c i a l h e l p , t h a t g if t e d n e s s i s t h e s a m e a s h a v i ng ahi g h I Q , t h a t s o m e r a c e s a r e m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t o r m u s i c a l o r m a t h e m a t i c a l t h a n o t h e r s , t h a t g e n i u s g o e s u n r e c o g n i s e d a n d u n r e w a r d e d , t h a t a d v e r s i t y m a k e s m e n w i s e o r t h a t p e o p l e w i t h g i f t s h a v e a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o u s e t h e m . L a n g u a g e h a s b e e n e n r i c h e d w i t h s u c h t e r m s a s h i g h b r o w , e g g h e a d , b l u e - s t o c k i n g , w i s e a c r e , k n o w - a l l , b o f f i n a n d , f o r m a n y , i n t e l l e c t u a l i s a t e r m o f d e n i g r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y s a w c o n s i d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t i n t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s , a n d p r o d u c e d n o t a f e w s t u d i e s o f f a m o u s p r o d i g i e s . P e r h a p s f o r u s t o d a y , t w o o f t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t a s p e c t s o f m o s t o f t h e s e s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s a r e t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h e a r l y e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d t e a c h i n g b y p a r e n t s a n d t u t o r s h a d b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t s o n t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l , a r t i s t i c o r m u s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e c h i l d re n b u t c a u s e d g r e a t d if f i c u l t i e s o f a d j u s t m e n t l a t e r i n t h e i r l i v e s , a n d t h e f r e q u e n c y w i t h w h i c h a b i l i t i e s w e n t u n r e c og n i s e d b y t e a ch e r s a n d s c h o o l s . H o w e v e r , t h e di f f i c u l t y w i t h t h e e v i d e n c e p r o d u c e d b y t h e s e s t u d i e s , f a s c i n a t i n g a s t h e y a r e i n c o l l e c t i n g t o g e t h e r a n e c d o t e s a n d a p p a r e n t s i m i l a r i t i e s a n d e x c e p t i o n s , i s t h a t t h e y a r e n o t w h a t w e w o u l d t o d a y c a l l n o r m - r e f e r e n c e d . I n o t h e r w o r d s , w h e n , f o r i n s t a n c e , i n f o r m a t i o n i s c o l l a t e d a b o u t e a r l y i l l n e s s e s , m e t h o d s o f u p b r i n g i n g , s c h o o l i n g , e t c . , w e m u s t a l s o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m o t h e r h i s t o r i c a l s o u r c e s a b o u t h o w c o m m o n o r e x c e p t i o n a l t h e s e w e r e a t t h e t i m e . F o r i n s t a n c e , i n f a n t m o r t a l i t y w a s h i g h a n d l i f e e x p e c t a n c y m u c h s h o r t e r t h a n t o d a y , h o m e t u t o r i n g w a s c o m m o n i n t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e n o b i l i t y a n d w e a l t h y , b u l l y i n g a n d c o r p o r a l p u n i s h m e n t w e r e c o m m o n a t t h e b e s t i n d e p e n d e n t s c h o o l s a n d , f o r t h e m o s t p a r t , t h e c a s e s s t u d i e d w e r e m e m b e r s o f t h e p r i v i l e g e d c l a s s e s . I t w a s o n l y w i t h t h e g r o w t h o f p a e d i a t r i c s a n d p s y c h o l o g y i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y t h a t s t u d i e s c o u l d b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a m o r e o bj e c t i v e , i f s t i l l n o t a l w a y s v e r y s c i e n t i f i c , b a s i s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 G e n i u s e s , h o w e v e r t h e y a r e d e f i n e d , a r e b u t t h e p e ak s w h i c h s t a n d o u t t h r o u gh t h e m i s t o f h i s t o r y a n d a r e v i s i b l e t o t h e p a r ti c u l a r o b s e r v e r f r o m h i s o r h e r p a r t i c u l a r v a n t a g e p o i n t . C h a n g e t h e o b s e r v e r s a n d t h e v a nt a g e p o i n t s , c l e a r a w a y s o m e o f t h e m i s t , a n d a d i f f e r e n t l o t o f p e a k s a p p e a r . G e n i u s i s a t e r m w e a p p l y t o t h o s e w h o m w e r e c o g n i s e f o r t h e i r o u t s t a n d i n g a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d w h o s t a n d n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e c o n t i n u u m o f h u m a n a b i l i t i e s w h i c h r e a c h e s b a c k t h r o u g h t h e m u n d a n e a n d m e d i o c r e t o t h e i n c a p a b l e . T h e r e i s s t i l l m u c h t r u t h i n D r S a m u e l J o h n s o n s o b s e r v a t i o n , T h e t r u e g e n i u s i s a m i n d o f l a r g e g e n e r a l p o w e r s , a c c i d e n t a l l y d e t e r m i n e d t o s o m e p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n . W e m a y d i s a g r e e w i t h t h e g e n e r a l , f o r w e d o u b t i f a l l m u s i c i a n s o f g e n i u s c o u l d ha v eb ec o m e s c i e n t i s t s o f g e n i u s o r v i c e v e r s a ,b u t t h e r e i s n o d o u b t i n g t h e ac c ide n t a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n w h i c h n u r t u r e d o r t r i g g e r e d t h e i r g if t s i n t o t h o s e c h a n n e l s i n t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e p o u r e d t h e i r p o w e r s s o s u c c e s s f u l l y . A l o ng th e c o n ti n u u m o f a b i l i t i e s a r e h u n d r e d s o f t h o u s a n d s o f g i f t e d m e n a n d w o m e n , b o y s a n d g i r l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 W h a t w e a p p r e c i a t e , e nj o y o r m a r v e l a t i n t h e w o rk s o f g e n i u s o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f p r o d i g i e s a r e t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f s k il l s o r a b i l i t i e s w h i c h a r e s im i l a r t o , b u t s o m u c h s u p e r i o r t o , o u r o wn . B u t t h a t t h e i r m i n d s a r e no t d i f f e r e n t f r o m o u r o w n i s d e m o n s t r a t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t t h e h a r d - w o n d i s c o v e r i e s o f s c i e n t i s t s l i k e K ep l e r o r E i n s t e i n b e c o m e t h e c o m m o n p l a c e k n o w l e d g e o f s c h o o l c h i l d r e n a n d t h e o n c e o u t r a g e o u s s h a p e s a n d c o l o u r s o f a n a r t i s t l i k e P a u l K l e e s o s o o n a p pe a r o n t h ef a b r i c s w e w e a r . T h i s d o e s n o t m i n i m i s e t h e s u p r e m a c y o f t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s , w h i c h o u t s t r i p o u r o w n a s t h e s u b - f o u r - m i n u t e m i l e r s o u t s t r i p o u r j og g i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 T o thi n k o f g e n i u s e s a n d t h e g i f t e d a s h a v i n g u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t b r a i n s i s o n l y r e a s o n a b l e i f w e a c c e p t t h a t e a c h h u m a n b r a i n i s u n i q u e l y d i f f e r e n t . T h e p u r p o s e o f i n s t r u c t i o n i s t o m a k e u s e v e n m o r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m o n e a n o t h e r , a n d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f b e i n g e d u c a t e d w e c a n l e a r n f r o m t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s o f t h o s e m o r e g i f t e d t h a n o u r s e l v e s . B u t b e f o r e w e t r y t o e m u l a t e g e n i u s e s o r e n c o u r a g e o u r c h i l d r e n t o d o s o w e s h o u l d n o t e t h a t s o m e o f t h e t h i n g s w e l e a r n f r o m t h e m m a y p r o v e u n p a l a t a b l e . W e m a y e n v y t h e i r a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d f a m e , b u t w e s h o u l d a l s o r e c o g n i s e t h e p r i c e t h e y m a y h a v e p a i d i n t e r m s o f p e r s e v e r a n c e , s i n g l e - m i n d e d n e s s , d e d i c a t i o n , r e s t r i c t i o n s o n t h e i r p e r s o n a l l i v e s , t h e d e m a n d s u p o n t h e i r e n e r g i e s a n d t i m e , a n d h o w o f t e n t h e y h a d t o d i s p l a y g r e a t c o u r a g e t o p r e s e r v e t h e i r i n t e g r i t y o r t o m a k e t h e i r w a y t o t h e t o p . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 G e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s a r e r e l a t i v e d e s c r i p t i v e t e r m s o f n o r e a l s u b s t a n c e . W e m a y , a t b e s t , g i v e t h e m s o m e p r e c i s i o n b y d e f i n i n g t h e m a n d p l a c i n g t h e m i n a c o n t e x t b u t , w h a t e v e r w e d o , w e s h o u l d n e v e r d e l u d e o u r s e l v e s i n t o b e l i e v i n g t h a t g i f t e d c h i l d r e n o r g e n i u s e s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e r e s t o f h u m a n i t y , s a v e i n t h e d e g r ee t o w h i c h t h e y h a v e d e v e l o p e d t h e p e rf o r m a n c e o f t h e i r a b i l i t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 4 - 1 8 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 C h o o s e F I V E l e t t e r s , A - K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t l e t t e r s i n b o x e s 1 4 - 1 8 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 N B Y o u r a n s w e r s m a y b eg i v e n i n a n y o r d e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 B e l o w a r e l i s t e d s o m e p o p u l a r be l i ef s a b o u tg e n i u s a n d g i f t e d n e s s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 W h i c h F I V E o f t h e s e b e l i e f s a r e r e p o r t e d b y t h e w r i t e r o f t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 A T r u l yg i f t e d p e o p l e a r e t a l e n t ed i n a l l a re a s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 B T h e t a le n t s ofg e n i u s e s a r e s o o n e xh a u s t e d . / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 C G i f t e d p e o p l e s h o u l d u s e t h e i r g i f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 D A g e n i u s a p p e a r s o n c e i n e v e r y g e n e r a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 E G e n i u s c a n b e e a s i l y d e s t r o y e d b yd i s c o u r a ge m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 F Ge n i u s i s i n h e r i t e d . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 G G i f t e d p e o p l e a r e v e r y h a r d t o l i v e w i t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 H P e o p l e n e v e r a p p r e c i a t e t r u eg e n i u s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 I G e n i u s e s a r e n a t u r a l l e a d e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 J G i f t e d p e o p l e d e v e l o p th ei r g r e a t n e s s t h r o u g h d i f f i c u l t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 K G e n i u s w i l l a l w a y s r e v e a l i t s e l f . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 1 9 - 2 6 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " >0 0 D o t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a g r e e w i t h t he i nf o r m a t i o ng i v e n i n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e 2 ? / p >p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 I n b o x e s 1 9 - 2 6 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t , w r i t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 T R U E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t a g r e e s w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 F A L S E i f t h e s t a t e m e n t c o n t r a d i c t s t h e i n f o r m a t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 N O T G I V E N i f t h e r e i s n o i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 1 9 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f t h e n a t u r e o f g e n i u s f a i l e d t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e u n i q u e n e s s o f t h e pe r s o n s u p b r i n g i n g . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 20 N i n e t e e n t h - c e n t u r y s t u d i e s o f g e n i u s l a c ke d b o t h o b j e c t i v i t y a n d a p r o p e r s c i e n t if i c a p p r o a c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 2 1 A t r u eg e n i u sh a s g e n e r a l p o w e r s c a p a b l e o f e x c e l l e n c ei n a n y a r e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 2 2 T h e s k i l l s o f o r d i n a r y i n d i v i d u a l s a r e i n e s s e n c e t h e sa m e a s t h e s k i l l s o f p r o d i g i e s . / p > pb d s f i d = "1 6 7 " > 0 023 T h e e a s e w i t h w h i c h t r u l y g r e a t i de a s a r e a c c e p t e d a n d t a k e nf o rg r a n t e d f a i l s t o l e s s e n th ei r s i g n i f i c a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 68 " > 0 0 2 4 G i f t e d n e s s a n d g e n i u s d e s e r v e p r o pe r s c i e n t if i c r e s e a r c h i n t o t h e i r t r u e n a t u r e s o t h a t a l l t a l e n t m a y b e r e t a i n e d f o r t h e h u m a n r a c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 5 G e n i u s e s o f t e n p a y a h igh p ri c e t o a c h i e v e g r e a t n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 2 6 T o b e a g e n i u s i s w o r t h t h e h i g h p e r s o n a l c o s t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 R E A D I N G P A S S A G E 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 Y o u s h o u l d s p e n d a b o u t 2 0 m i n u t e s o n Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 4 0 , w h i c h a r e b a s e d o n R e a d i n g P a s s a g e3 o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " >0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 2 7 - 3 2 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 Re a d i n g P a s s a g e 3 h a s s e v e n p a r a g r a p h s , A - G . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t h e a d i ng f o r p a r a g r a ph s B - G f r o m t h e li s t o f h e a d i n g s b e l o w . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 W r i t e t h e c o r r e c t n u m b e r , i - x , i n b o x e s 2 7 - 3 2 o n y o u r a n s w e r s h e e t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 L i s t o f H e a d i n g s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 i T h e b i o l o g i c a l c l o c k / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 i i W h y d y i n g i s b e n e f i c i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 i i i T h e a g e i n g p r o c e s s o f m e n a n d w o m e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 i v P r o l o n g i n g y o u r l i f e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 v L i m i t a t i o n s o f l i f e s p a n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 v i M o d e s o f d e v e l o p m e n t o f d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 v i i A s t a b l e l i f e s p a n d e s p i t e i m p r o v e m e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 v i i i E n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 i x F u n d a m e n t a l d i f f e r e nc e s i n a g e i n g o f o b j e c t s a nd o r g a n i s m s / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 x Re p a i r ofg e n e t i c m a t e r i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 E x a m p l e A n s w e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 P a r a g r a ph A v / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 2 7 P a r a g r a p h B / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 2 8 P a r a g r a p h C / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 29 P a r a g r a p h D / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 0 P a r ag r a p h E / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 3 1 P a r a g r a p h F / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 3 2 P a r a g r a p h G / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 H O W D O E S T H E B I O L O G I C A L C L O C K T I C K ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 A O u r l if e s p a n i s r e s t r i c t e d . E v e r y o n e a c c e p t s t h i s a s b i o l og i c a l l y o b v i o u s . N o thi n g l i v e s f o r e v e r !H o w e v e r , i n t h i s s t a t e m e n t w e t h i n k o f a r t i f i c i a l l y p r o d u c e d , t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s , p r o d u c t s w h i c h a r e s u b j e c t e d t o n a t u r a l w e a r a n d t e a r d u r i n g u s e . T h i s l e a d s t o t h e r e s u l t t h a t a t s o m e t i m e o r o t h e r t h e o b j e c t s t o p s w o r k i n g a n d i s u n u s a b l e ( d e a t h i n t h e b i o l o g i c a l s e n s e ) . B u t a r e t h e w e a r a n d t e a r a n d l o s s o f f u n c t i o n o f t e c h n i c a l o b j e c t s a n d t h e d e a t h o f l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s r e a l l y s i m i l a r o r c o m p a r a b l e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 B O u r d e a d p r o d u c t s a r e s t a t i c , c l o s e d s y s t e m s . I t i s a l w a y s t h e b a s i c m a t e r i a l w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e s t h e o b j e c t a n d w h i c h , i n t h e n a t u r a l c o u r s e o f t h i n g s , i s w o r n d o w n a n d b e c o m e s o l d e r . A g e i n g i n t h i s c a s e m u s t o c c u r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e l a w s o f p h y s i c a l c h e m i s t r y a n d o f t h e r m o d y n a m i c s . A l t h o u g h t h e s a m e l a w h o l d s f o r a l i v i n g o r g a n i s m , t h e r e s u l t o f t h i s l a w i s n o t i n e x o r a b l e i n t h e s a m e w a y . A t l e a s t a s l o n g a s a b i o l o g i c a l s y s t e m h a s t h e a b i l i t y t o r e n e w i t s e l f i t c o u l d a c t u a l l y b e c o m e o l d e r w i t h o u t a g e i n g ; a n o r g a n i s m i s a n o p e n , d y n a m i c s y s t e m t h r o u g h w h i c h n e w m a t e r i a l c o n t i n u o u s l y f l o w s . D e s t r u c t i o n o f o l d m a t e r i a l a n d f o r m a t i o n o f n e w m a t e r i a l a r e t h u s i n p e r m a n e n t d y n a m i c e q u i l i b r i u m . T h e m a t e r i a l o f w h i c h t h e o r g a n i s m i s f o r m e d c h a n g e s c o n t i n u o u s l y . T h u s o u r b o d i e s c o n t i n u o u s l y e x c h a n g e o l d s u b s t a n c e f o r n e w , j u s t l i k e a s p r i n g w h i c h m o r。
剑桥雅思8阅读原文+答案解析-Test2Passage3
剑桥雅思8阅读原文+答案解析-Test2Passage3剑桥雅思8阅读解析：文章结构体裁：说明文主要内容：气味对于人类的影响。
结构：A 段 :气味会引起人类情绪的变化。
B 段 :气味在人际关系中的作用。
C 段 :气味的作用和影响往往被人们忽视。
D 段 :有时候很难准确描述气味。
E 段 :关于气味的未来研究趋势。
F 段 :气味划分人群,具备文化研究价值。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：考题解析 Questions 27-32●题型归类 :List of Headings 可先找出段落中的主题句,再找出其句子中的关键词(多为句子的主干),与句中关键词意思相同的选项即为正确答案。
但应注意同义替换,如果选项中与文章中使用完全相同的词,则多为混淆选项。
题目解析题目编号题目选项句意段落主题句题解27 viii 气味与感觉之间的关系第2句答案 viii 本段先是提到了一项关于气味的研究, 接着说 smell can evoke strong emotional response, 点明了本段的主题。
原文中的evoke strong emotional responses 对应选项 viii 中的 feelings。
28 ii 气味在人际关系间扮演的角色第1句答案 ii 本段第 1 句综述气味和社交的关系, 第 2 句中的 loved one, 第 3 句中的 infants 和 mothers,第 4 句中的 women and men, 最后一句中的 family members 则都是选项 ii 中 personal relationships 的具体表现形式。
29 vi 为什么我们的嗅觉被低估第1句答案 vi 原文中的 the most undervalued sense 对应选项 vi 中的 not appreciated。
30 i 讨论气味这一话题的困难所在第1句答案 i 原文中的 elusive phenomenon 对应选项 i 中的 difficulties of talking about smells。
剑桥雅思阅读解析test
Test1Question 1答案：FALSE关键词：media定位原文：第1段第3句“In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage…”;“Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction of rainforests…”解题思路：这两段当中的frequent/vivid/extensive/coverage等词都说明媒体对于热带雨林的现状十分关注;并做了广泛报道..Question 2答案：FALSE关键词：children/classroom定位原文：第2段第3句“These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media..”这些观点可能是学生从大众媒体中获得的..解题思路：这句话证明学生也从大众媒体中吸取有关热带雨林的观点;而并不是只从课堂中得到相关知识..Question 3答案：TRUE关键词：pure/ mistaken定位原文：第2段第1句“Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about ‘pure’; curriculum science.”解题思路：这句话是题干的同义替换;学生关键需要掌握“harbour”在这里的意思等于“hold”..Question 4答案：TRUE关键词：framework/easier定位原文：第2段第2句“These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted;but organized; conceptual framework; making it and the component ideas; some of which are erroneous; more robust but also accessible to modification.”解题思路：解这题的关键是要明白题干中的“easier to change”和文中的“accessible to modification”是同义替换..Question 5答案：FALSE关键词：yes/no定位原文：第4段第2句“Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.”解题思路：Open-form指简答题;与yes/no直接矛盾..Question 6答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：more likely than定位原文：第5段第4句“More girls 70% than boys 60% raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.”第6段第1句“Similarly; but at a lower level; more girls 13% than boys 5% said that rainforests provided human habitats.”解题思路：虽然这两句话分别将男生女生作了比较;但是比较内容并不是关于热带雨林破坏的错误观点;所以此题属于并不存在的比较关系..Question 7答案： TRUE关键词：follow on from定位原文：第6段第2句“These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils’ views about the use and conservation of rainforests…”解题思路：“previous”一词是先前的意思;证明在此研究之前;人们也就学生对热带雨林的看法做了研究;因此本文所提到的调査是在这些研究之后进行的..Question 8答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：primary/second解题思路：文中直到最末尾也从未提到这项研究是否会继续;所以此题属于无中生有..Question 9答案：M关键词：where/ rainforests定位原文：第4段第6句“The commonest responses were continents or countries: Africa given by 43% of children; South America 30%; Brazil 25%.”解题思路：根据对应句信息可选出答案为M..Question 10答案：E关键词：importance/rainforests定位原文：第9段第1句…the majority of children simply said that we need rainforests to survive.解题思路：根据对应句信息可选出答案为E..Question 11答案：G关键词：reason/loss定位原文：第7段第2句“...more than half of thepupils59%identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests;...”解题思路：根据对应句信息可选出答案为G..Question 12答案：P关键词：important/protected定位原文：第5段第2句“The dominant idea; raised by 64% of the pupils; was that rainforests provide animals with habitats.”解题思路：根据对应句信息可选出答案为P..Question 13答案：J关键词：uncommon/issue定位原文：第9段第2句至第3句“Only a few of thepupils6%mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming. This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue.”解题思路：根据对应句信息可选出答案为J..Question 14答案：B关键词：title定位原文：无解题思路：从文章第二段开始;一直在围绕孩子对热带雨林容易产生错误的理解;因此本文重点应该放在孩子对热带雨林遭破坏状况的观点上;故要选择一个带有孩子的标题..Question 15答案：taste buds关键词：taste定位原文：第1段第5句“Similarly; although at least some cetaceans have taste buds; the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是taste buds..Question 16答案：baleen whales关键词：stereoscopic vision定位原文：第3段第3句“However;the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是baleen whales..Question 17答案：forward downward IN EITHER ORDER关键词：Dolphins; porpoises定位原文：第4段第1句“On the other hand; the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是forward和downward..Question 18答案：the freshwater dolphins关键词：forward and upward定位原文：第4段第2句“Eye position in freshwater dolphins; which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding; suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward.”解题思路：根据关键词定位;可知答案为freshwater dolphins..Question 19答案：the water关键词：bottlenose dolphin定位原文：第4段第3句“By comparison; the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish; it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well.”解题思路：题干中的exceptional和文中的extremely是同义替换;所以根据定位句答案应该为water..Question 20答案：the lower frequencies关键词：most large baleen定位原文：第6段第3句“Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是the lower frequencies..Question 21答案：bowhead humpback IN EITHER ORDER关键词：song-like定位原文：第6段第4句“Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex; haunting utterances of the humpback whales.”解题思路：根据song-like定位到该句话;可知答案为bowhead和humpback..Question 22答案：touch/sense of touch关键词：mating定位原文：第2段第3句“This contact may help to maintain order within a group; and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.”解题思路：这里的mating和文中的courtship ritual是同义替换;所以答案应为touch或者sense of touch..Question 23答案：freshwater dolphins关键词：upside down/eating定位原文：第4段第2句“Eye position in freshwater dolphins; which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding...”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是freshwater dolphins..Question 24答案：airborne flying fish关键词：follow/under the water定位原文：第4段第3句“By comparison; the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish; it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well.”解题思路：题目中的“follow”和文中的“tracks”是同义替换;根据定位句信息;可知答案是airborne flying fish..Question 25答案：clear waters/clear open waters关键词：habitat/good visual ability定位原文：第5段第句“For example; vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是clear open waters..Question 26答案：the acoustic sense关键词：best/cetaceans定位原文：第6段第1句“Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated; and vision in water appears to be uncertain; such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed acoustic sense.”解题思路：根据定位句信息;可知答案是acoustic sense..Question 27答案：C关键词：first paragraph定位原文：第1段第1句“From a number of recent studies; it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space.”解题思路：根据定位句可知;说的是盲人能够理解outlines和perspectives的使用..故正确答案为C..Question 28答案：C关键词：surprised/blind woman定位原文：第1段第3-5句“This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning. To show this motion; she traced a curve inside the circle Fig.1. I was taken aback. Lines of motion; such as the one she used; are a very recent invention in the history of illustration.”解题思路：这段话说到让作者惊讶的是一个盲人女性决定靠自己的能力绘出正在旋转的轮椅..故正确答案为C选项..Question 29答案：A关键词：Part1/ blind subjects定位原文：第5段第4句“Evidently; however; the blind not only figured out meanings for each line of motion;but as a group they generally came up with the same meaning at least as frequently as did sighted subjects.”解题思路：从“not only…but…came up with the same meaning as least as frequently as did sighted subjects”可以得出A选项正确..这里并没有说比sighted subjects会好;所以D选项是不对的..Question 30答案：E关键词：无定位原文：Part1第4段最后一句“Subjects assumed that spokes extending beyond the wheel's perimeter signified that the wheel had its brakes on...”解题思路：这段话恰好说明辐条超出了车轮的周界是使用了刹车;所以正确答案为E..Question 31答案：C关键词：无定位原文：Part1第4段最后一句“...and that dashed spokes indicated the wheel was spinning quickly.”解题思路：这句话的意思是虚线辐条表示车轮在快速转动;故正确答案为C..Question 32答案：A关键词：无定位原文：Part1第4段第2句“Most guessed that the curved spokes indicated that the wheel was spinning steadily…”解题思路：这句话的意思是曲线辐条表示车轮在稳定的转动;故正确答案为A..Question 33答案：pairs关键词：Part2/a set of word定位原文：Part2第2段第1句“We gave a list of twenty pairs of word of words to sighted subjects...”解题思路：此空要求填一个名词;而词库中只有associations; pairs; shapes; words四个词是名词;从意思上判断;words和shapes显然不太合适;最后只能填pairs..Question 34答案：shapes关键词：abstract定位原文：Part2第3段最后一句“Thus; we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.”解题思路：Abstract是形容词;空里要求填个名词..从对应句可以看出改名词为shapes..Question 35答案：sighted关键词：circle/soft/hard/square定位原文：Part2第3段第1句“All our subjects deemed the hard/square circle soft and the square hard.”解题思路：虽然在这句话中没有出现sighted这个词;但是根据上一整段的内容推测;此处的subjects指得是sighted subjects.Question 36答案：sighted关键词：51%定位原文：Part2第3段第4句..And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square.See Fig.2.解题思路：这题依然没有出现sighted这个词;但是同上题;根据上文可以推测出这里的volunteers指的是sighted subjects..Question 37答案：deep关键词：51%定位原文：Part2第3段第4句..And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square.See Fig.2.解题思路：根据定位句可知;这里填的词应该是deep..Question 38答案：blind关键词：repeated/volunteers定位原文：Part2第3段第5句“When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list; we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects.”解题思路：这句话是说被测试者是blind volunteers;故正确答案为blind..Question 39答案：smilar关键词：choices定位原文：Part2第3段第7句“He made only one match differing from the consensus; assigning 'far' to square and 'near' to circle.”解题思路：“Consensus”是共识的意思;从这句话我们可以知道盲人们对如何搭配基本可以达成一致意见..Question 40答案：B关键词：conlusion定位原文：Part2第3段最后一句“Thus; we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.”解题思路：这句话刚好是B选项的同义替换;意思是我们能够推断出盲人诠释abstract shapes与视力正常的人是一样的..。
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典资料，如办公资料、职场资料、生活资料、学习资料、课堂资料、阅读资料、知识资料、党建资料、教育资料、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!And, this store provides various types of classic materials for everyone, such as office materials, workplace materials, lifestyle materials, learning materials, classroom materials, reading materials, knowledge materials, party building materials, educational materials, other materials, etc. If you want to learn about different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的方法，也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习，下面本店铺给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析，一起加油吧！剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESSREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win.Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease.How do they do it?A big part of the secret is an eXtensive and eXpensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine.At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches.Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of eXcellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage.The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, andcollaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres.AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash.They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes.They all focus on one aim: winning.‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement —everything from the eXact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes.The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an eXtra hundredth of a second here, an eXtra millimetre there.No gain is too slight to bother with.It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results.To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers.A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion.Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes.From above, he analyses how herspine swivels.When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers.Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions.It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually —stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on.At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data.He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster.So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’says Mason.‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate,sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run.There’s more to it than simply measuring performance.Fricker gives the eXample of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year.After years of eXperimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva.If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether.Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes.Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a compleX business.Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they eXpect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race.Techniques like these have transformed Australia intoarguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried.Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes.At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times.Now everyone uses them.The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level.But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fiXes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS题目Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has siX paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boXes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the eXchange of eXpertise between different sports2 an eXplanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently eXclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boXes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boXes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案Question 1答案：B关键词：eXchange of eXpertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports定位原文：B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
【雅思写作真题】剑桥8 Test4小作文实例批改丨附考官范文
作文题目：剑桥8 Test4小作文The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.考生原文The line diagram which indicates the goods transported in UK between (1974) and (2002), according to different ways of transport and the tonnes they carried. Among these lines, water and rail both start with the similar value 40 million tonnes at 1974. After 4 years, the amounts of goods that carried by ship had an increase. However, the amounts that transported by trains went down. Though water line had a decrease from 1982 to 1998, the overall value of it always above the rail line.The most obvious line which can find on the top of chart is the quantity of goods that transported by road. It held the highest position during 28 years(start at 78 tonnes and finish at 98 tonnes). Turning to the bottom of the chart, the black straight line reveal the pipeline. It is clear that the black line had two climbing points, but it is still the minimum figure.Overall, the chart demonstrates that the technology is developing. Because all the lines have a positive gradient or the final value is greater than start value.批改By 晟睿葡萄本次批改严格按照IELTS小作文评分标准进行。
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今天雅思为各位雅思考生带来剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage1，预祝雅思考生们考出理想的成绩!
相关剑桥雅思8test解析如下：
剑桥雅思8Test4Passage3阅读译文-收集蚂蚁样本
剑桥雅思8阅读译文-Test4Passage2-害虫的生物控制
剑桥雅思8阅读原文+答案解析-Test4Passage2
剑桥雅思8写作范文Test4Task1
剑8雅思写作题目+范文Test4Task2（体重话题）
剑桥雅思8听力答案解析-Test4Section4
剑桥雅思8听力原文+答案解析-Test4Section2
剑桥雅思8听力Test4Section1原文+解析
文章结构
体裁：说明文
主要内容：本文主要介绍了日本在数学领域取得的成就以及如何在教育上取得成功。
结构：
Section A :日本和英国相比在数学方面取得的成就。
Section B :日本学校的装饰特点和课程模式。
Section C :介绍了 Monbusho 的影响。
Section D :介绍如何对待作业问题和新课程的传授。
Section E :如何帮助后进学生。
Section F :获得数学教育成功的因素。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
考题解析
Questions 1-5
●题型归类 :List of Headings
题目解析
题目编号题目选项句意段落主题句题解
1 vii 日本中学教育的背景 Section B 第一个小段落的首句 Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years ... 答案 vii Section B 重点介绍了日本中学的一个基本情况,其主题句就在第一个小段落的段首,比较容易找到。
2 i Monbush 的影响本段第 2 句话答案 i 本段着重介绍了 Monbusho 并对其展开说明。
本段的第 2 句话引出了 Monbusho 这个概念,后面则重点介绍了 Monbusho 对日本数学教育带来的影响。
3 v 数学课的典型模式 Section D 第一个小段落的首句 Lessons all follow the same pattern. 答案 v Section D 介绍了家庭作业以及新课的授课形式。
其中第一个小段落的首句话为主题句,点明了课程遵循一个相同的模式,之后则具体阐述了这个模式是如何运转的。
4 ii 帮助不太成功的学生 Teachers say 答案 ii Section E 重点说明教师如何帮助后进学生。
其中,第一小段的第 2 句以及第二小段的首句为主题句,介绍了老师给予单独辅导使后进学生能够跟上课程。
that they give individual help at the end of a lesson or after school, setting extra work if necessary.
This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up.
5 viii 日本在数学教育上取得成功的关键第一小段的首句和第2句答案 viii Section F 重点说明了如何在数学教学上取得成功。
本段首句和 2 句为主题句,介绍了态度是决定成功的关键性因素。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
考题解析
Questions 6-9
●题型归类 :YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
题目编号题目定位词题目句意题解
6 English pupils, Japanese counterparts 学习数学的英国的小孩比日本的小孩在成绩方面有更宽的区间。
YES 原文重现 A 段的第 2 句话。
题目中说在学习数学的英国小孩比日本小孩在成绩方面有更宽的区间,文章中原句的意思是和日本孩子相比,英国孩子成绩方面的可变性区间更大, greater 和 wider 属于同义替换。
7 Gross National product, percentage 通常花在教育上钱所占 GNP 的比率反映了。