托福口语desert animal move
托福阅读tpo 2 Desert Formation 沙漠的形成原题解析
阅读原文：The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desertlike conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is threatened by this process.沙漠已经占据了地球陆地面积约四分之一，而且最近几十年正以惊人的速度扩张。
沙漠化是指类似沙漠的环境漫延到原本并非沙漠的区域。
据估计，地球表面另外四分之一的地方正面临沙漠化威胁。
Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water. In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface. In other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand.沙漠化主要通过以下过程实现：首先自然植被不断减少，随后风力和雨水加速了土壤的腐蚀。
托福口语生物类话题解析
托福口语生物类话题解析专业词汇对于学习英语的我们来说是一个难点，但是生物类的话题却偏偏容易在托福口语中出现。
下面小编就来给大家分享一下这方面的内容，助你们攻克它。
托福综合口语Task4生物科学类重点理论实例讲解标题：? Revealing Coloration 00:45 secondsMany animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. ? One defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealing coloration. ? Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on some part of their body, this bright color is usually hi dden from predators’ view. When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color, this unexpected display of color startles or confuses the predator and provides the would-be-prey with an opportunity to escape.关键点记Title:由于task 4的阅读主要是关于某一个科学术语的解释和说明，考生在开始阅读的第一秒钟就应该迅速在纸上纪录下阅读的题目——即科学术语本身。
记定义:常见的表示定义的提示词有 refer to, known as, is, is called, etc.注意点:若定义过长或者很难确定的时候，考生应当舍弃该定义,但必须说出阅读文章中的title.Task 4中的定义句不一定出现在段首，也非常可能出现在段尾或者段中。
托福口语的第四题
托福口语的第四题上海环球雅思今天，环球雅思的小编为大家带来了托福口语的第四题，供大家参考使用。
环球雅思愿与您分享每一篇美文！很多烤鸭们都说第四题是最难的一题。
为什么呢？因为这一题多了个阅读。
阅读的技巧是什么呢？“阅读就是要找概念，听力就是要找例子”，我们呢知道这道题是学术题，而且听力的内容肯定跟着阅读内容关系很密切，而且思路都是一样的，所以说读细阅读对听力的理解非常重要。
例如：Animal DomesticationFor thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated.A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “leader”阅读中说了三个话题：有些动物不容易被驯养，动物是否容易被驯养和它的territory有关，动物是否容易被驯养和它的social structure有关。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文26—2 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions
托福考试 复习TPO 26—2 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions原文：【1】The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.【2】The nature of plant life in deserts is also highly dependent on the fact that they have to adapt to the prevailing aridity. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent (water-storing) and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.【3】The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.【4】The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by means of various avoidance mechanisms. Most desert plants are probably best classified as xerophytes. They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti), store water in their structures. Another way of countering drought is to have a limited amount of mass above ground and to have extensive root networks below ground. It is not unusual for the roots of some desert perennials to extend downward more than ten meters. Some plants are woody in type —an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.【5】Animals also have to adapt to desert conditions, and they may do it through two forms of behavioral adaptation: they either escape or retreat. Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells.【6】Seasonal migration is another form of escape, especially for large mammals orbirds. The term retreat is applied to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals, and it usually assumes the pattern of a daily rhythm. Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees, and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground.【7】Some animals have behavioral, physiological, and morphological (structural) adaptations that enable them to withstand extreme conditions. For example, the ostrich has plumage that is so constructed that the feathers are long but not too dense. When conditions are hot, the ostrich erects them on its back, thus increasing the thickness of the barrier between solar radiation and the skin. The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heat loss by convection. Furthermore, the birds orient themselves carefully with regard to the Sun and gently flap their wings to increase convection cooling.题目：托福阅读试题1.According to paragraph 1, water provides all of the following essential functions for plants EXCEPTA.improving plants’ ability to absorb sunlight.B.preventing plants from becoming overheated.C.transporting nutrients.D.serving as a raw material for photosynthesis.2.Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemeralsA.produce even more seeds than in a wet year.B.do not sprout from their seeds.C.bloom much later than in a wet year.D.are more plentiful than perennials.3.How is paragraph 2 related to paragraph 3?A.Paragraph 2 provides a general description of desert plants, and paragraph 3 provides a scientific explanation for these observations.B.Paragraph 2 divides desert plants into two categories, and paragraph 3 provides further information about one of these categories.C.Paragraph 2 proposes one way of dividing desert plants into categories, and paragraph 3 explains one problem with this method of classification.D.Paragraph 2 discusses two categories of desert plants, and paragraph 3 introducesa third category of plants.4.In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorableprecipitation, the author means that their development will beA.sudden.B.early.C.gradual.D.strong and healthy.5.The word “countering”in the passage is closest in meaning toA.eliminating.B.making use of.C.acting against.D.experiencing.6.According to paragraph 4, some desert plants with root systems that are extraordinarily well developed haveA.relatively little growth aboveground.B.very leafy aboveground structures.C.non woody plant tissue resistant to wilting.D.water stored within their roots.7.The word “assured”(paragraph 4)in the passage is closest in meaning toA.pure.B.diminished.C.guaranteed.D.deep.8.What do “the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite"(paragraph 4) have in common?A.They are always found together.B.They depend on surface water provided by streams, springs, and lakes.C.They are phreatophytes.D.Their roots are capable of breaking through hard soils9.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage(paragraph 5)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.One way animals escape is by entering a state of extended dormancy, known as aestivation, during the hottest and driest times of year.B.Animals can escape without using direct action, or aestivation, simply by reducing their metabolic rate and body temperature.C.The actions that an animal uses to escape are known as aestivation, which sometimes involves a reduction in metabolic rate or body temperature.D.When the weather is especially hot and dry, an animal may suffer from a condition known as aestivation, at which point the animal needs to escape.10.It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that all of the places desertanimals retreat toA.provide shade from the sun.B.sometimes become crowded.C.are places where supplies of food are plentiful.D.leave the animals vulnerable to predators.11.According to paragraph 7, what special adaptation helps the ostrich copewith hot desert conditions?A.Each of its feathers is very short and dense.B.Its wings produce only lateral air movement when flapping.C.Its feathers are very thickly set on both its back and its wings.D.It can make its feathers stand up on its back.12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? The increase in reward still did not attract young people to this hard life, and convicted criminals and slaves were pressed into servicesThe harsh conditions in deserts are in tolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. ■【A】Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. ■【B】The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. ■【C】Some areas, because of their soil texture,to pographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.■【D】13.Directions: Select from the seven phrases below the two phrases that correctly characterize special adaptations found primarily in desert annuals and the three phrases that correctly characterize special adaptations found primarily in desert perennials. Select each phrase you select in the appropriate column of the table. This question is worth 3 points.A.Woody structures.B.Explosive growth in wet years.C.Long, thin, shallow roots.D.Storage of water in plant tissue.E.Minimization of the amount of water used for photosynthesis.F.Short life cycle.G.Leaves designed to minimize water loss.1 ）Adaptations of AnnualsA B C D E F G2 ）Adaptations of PerennialsA B C D E F G答案：1.A选项的sunlight原文没有提到，所以错误，选；B项不容易找，可以找完C和D之后依靠并列在第三句的冒号之后找到，原文讲的是降低温度，也就是防止overheated，所以B正确，不选；C和D都在第三句的冒号之后，都正确，不选。
托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: Birds have some of the best vision capabilities in the animal kingdom. Some bird species have vision that is 8 to 10 times greater than humans. Overall a bird's eyes are extremely important for its survival. One aspect of birds' eyes that plays a role in helping them survive, in other words to find food or to avoid predators, is the position of the eyes in the skull.Some birds have eyes that face forward on the skull, kind of similar to how humans' eyes are positioned. Forward-facing eyes allow a bird to clearly see and judge distances because it can focus on objects with both of its eyes and correctly perceive height, width and depth. One type of bird with eyes positioned in the front of the skull is the hawk. Hawks eat animals like mice. Hawks have such good eyesight that they can spot a tiny mouse in the field from high up in the air. They spot the mouse and swoop down to catch it. Without such good eyesight, they would not be able to spot or catch their food.Other birds have eyes that are located on each side of the skull. This positioning of the eyes can help a bird to avoid predators. Instead of just seeing what's directly in front, they can see things that are on either side, permitting them to watch for danger in all directions. Imagine a duck waiting near the edge of a lake. It needs to spend time eating grasses and insects. But it also is on constant lookout for danger from its predator like the fox. An eye on each side of the duck's head allows it to see a fox approaching from either side. If it spots a fox, it can then fly away to safety. The placement of the eyes are critical in helping the duck avoid predators. 托福TPO15口语Task6题目： Using the examples in the lecture, explain how the position of birds’ eyes is critical to their survival. 托福TPO15口语Task6满分范文： Some birds have eyes that face forwards on the skull, like human eyes. And this kind of eyes allow a bird to clearly see and judge distances with its ability to focus on objects with both eyes and accurately perceive height, width and depth. For example, the hawk has forward eyes on its skull that can allow it to accurately spot its prey, mouse, in the field, even from up in the air. And once it locates the mouse, it swoops down to catch it. Other birds have eyes that are positioned on each side of their skull to help protect themselves from predators. Having eyes on both sides of the skull makes it possible for these birds to watch danger from all directions. For example, a duck eating grasses and insects near the edge of a lake is on constantlookout on both sides for danger from the fox. Once detecting a fox, it can escape. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO34口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO34口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO34口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class. Professor：So, OK, we've been talking about frogs, and like all amphibians, frog has thin skin, which means they lose moisture through their skin easily. Now, typically, we think of frogs as living in wet environments. But for frogs who live in dry places, with desert-like conditions, this can be a problem. Frogs have been able to survive in such areas by havingdifferent physical features, special dry-climate features that help them maintain an adequate level of moisture in their cells and avoid drying out. Some frogs do this by preventing water loss through their skin. By creating a sort of covering over their skin, they greatly reduce their skin's exposure to the dry air. The covering acts like a barrier that locks in moisture. For example, some frogs secrete a substance through their skin, a fatty substance that they rub off over their skin using their hands and feet, which creates a waxy layer all around their bodies that’s almost completely water-tight.Other frogs maintain an adequate level of moisture through a different physical feature, one that allows them to store water inside their bodies for later use. A specially modified internal organ inside their bodies enables them to have a high water-storage capacity. So the frogs are able to absorb and store moisture during wet rainy times which they can rely on to get through dry periods. The aptly named water-holding frog, for example, has a bladder that is highly elastic and stretchable. When it does rain, the frog absorbs water through its skin and its bladder stretches to hold this extra water. The water is then slowly released from the special bladder into the frog’s internal tissues until the next rain which might not be for several months." 托福TPO34口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two dry-climate features of frogs. 托福TPO34口语Task6满分范文： There are two ways for frogs to keep moisture in their cells despite their thin skin. The first way is to create certain covering that works as a natural barrier to lock in the moisture to reduce its exposure to the dry air. For example, some frogs would secret a kind of fatty substance through their skin and they rub it off all over their body with hands and feet so that the waxy covering can keep the frog from dehydrating. Another way is a specially modified organ to allow water storage in theirbody for use during dry days. For example, the water-holding frog has a unique bladder that is stretchable. When it rains, it soaks in water and holds it in its body so that the water can then be released into its internal tissues before the next rain, which will probably be quite a while. (147 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO34口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO33口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO33口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO33口语Task4阅读文本： Carrying Capacity An animal species needs to have enough resources, like food and water, to survive in any given environment. However, because resources are limited, only a certain number of animals of a particular species are able to survive in a given habitat. The greatest number a habitat can support is known as the carrying capacity. If nothing happens to disrupt or unbalance the relationship between the animal and its habitat, the carrying capacity will remain stable. However, a carrying capacity is not fixed. If there is a significant disruption, such as an environmental event that alters the amount of available resources in the habitat, the carrying capacity will change. 托福TPO33口语Task4听力文本： Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. ProfessorOK, so let's talk about what happened to a certain type of insect, a moth, a red-and-black moth that lives in Europe. These moths eat a plant called Ragwort and they live in fields where the Ragwort plants grow. Now, there was a group of moth that lives in one of these fields and, for many years, there was a lot of Ragwort growing there. So the moth had plenty to eat and the total number of moth in the field stayed pretty much the same. But then one year it rained a lot less than usual and the Ragwort didn't grow as well. The result was that the moth didn't get enough to eat and many didn't survive but even the ones that did survive didn't lay as many eggs as before. So that year the moth population in the field was quite a bit smaller. The next year, though, the amount of rainfall returned to normal and again many more Ragwort plants grew and, once again, there was a lot available for the moth to eat. So that yearthe moth population increased and the female moth laid many more eggs than the year before. And now, after all that rainfall and plant growth, there were just as many moth in the Ragwort field as there were before." " 托福TPO33口语Task4题目： Explain the concept of carrying capacity using the example of the moth and Ragwort. 托福TPO33口语Task4满分范文： The maximum number of species that a given habitat can support is called carrying capacity. According to the professor, there's a kind of red and black moths that eata plant called ragworts, and they live in the ragworts field. When there was sufficient ragworts for the moths, the moths' population remained stable over the years, and that stable number of moths' was the field's carrying capacity. However, one year, the balance was disrupted as it rained much less than usual and the production of ragworts decreased, so the moth's population declined because of lack of food and female moths' inability to lay eggs. Then the next year, when the rainfall returned to its previous level, ragworts grew back, and accordingly the number of moths increased and female moths laid more eggs, and soon there were as many moths as the year before the drought, which suggests that carrying capacity of a given habitat changes with the disruption. (179 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO33口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
新托福TPO28阅读原文及译文(二)
新托福TPO28阅读原文(二)：Early Saharan PastoralistsTPO28-2：Early Saharan PastoralistsThe Sahara is a highly diverse, albeit dry, region that has undergone major climatic changes since 10,000 B.C. As recently as 6,000 B.C. the southern frontier of the desert was far to the north of where it is now, while semiarid grassland and shallow freshwater lakes covered much of what are now arid plains. This was a landscape where antelope of all kinds abounded----along with Bos primigenius, a kind of oxen that has become extinct. The areas that are now desert were, like all arid regions, very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall, resulting in major, sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals. The people who hunted the sparse desert animals responded to drought by managing the wild resources they hunted and gathered, especially wild oxen, which had to have regular water supplies to survive.Even before the drought, the Sahara was never well watered. Both humans and animals were constantly on the move, in search of food and reliable water supplies. Under these circumstances, archaeologist Andrew Smith believes, the small herds of Bos primigenius in the desert became smaller, more closely knit breeding units as the drought took hold. The beasts were more disciplined, so that it was easier for hunters to predict their habits, and capture animals at will. At the same time, both cattle and humans were more confined in their movements, staying much closer to permanent water supplies for long periods of time. As a result, cattle and humans came into close association.Smith believes that the hunters were well aware of the more disciplined ways in which their prey behaved. Instead of following the cattle on their annual migrations, the hunters began to prevent the herd from moving from one spot to another. At first, they controlled the movement of the herd while ensuring continuance of their meat diet. But soon they also gained genetic control of the animals, which led to rapid physical changes in the herd. South African farmers who maintain herds of wild eland (large African antelopes with short, twisted horns) report that the offspring soondiminish in size, unless wild bulls are introduced constantly from outside. The same effects of inbreeding may have occurred in controlled cattle populations, with some additional, and perhaps unrecognized, advantages. The newly domesticated animals behaved better, were easier to control, and may have enjoyed a higher birth rate, which in turn yielded greater milk supplies. We know from rock paintings deep in the Sahara that the herders were soon selecting breeding animals to produce offspring with different horn shapes and hide colors.It is still unclear whether domesticated cattle were tamed independently in northern Africa or introduced to the continent from southwest Asia. Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle. The experiments with domestication probably occurred in many places, as people living in ever-drier environments cast around for more predictable food supplies.The cattle herders had only a few possessions: unsophisticated pots and polished adzes. They also hunted with bow and arrow. The Saharan people left a remarkable record of their lives painted on the walls of caves deep in the desert. Their artistic endeavors have been preserved in paintings of wild animals, cattle, goats, humans, and scenes of daily life that extend back perhaps to 5,000 B.C.. The widespread distribution of pastoral sites of this period suggests that the Saharans ranged their herds over widely separated summer and winter grazing grounds.About 3,500 B.C., climatic conditions again deteriorated. The Sahara slowly became drier and lakes vanished. On the other hand, rainfall increased in the interior of western Africa, and the northern limit of the tsetse fly, an insect fatal to cattle, moved south. So the herders shifted south, following the major river systems into savanna regions. By this time, the Saharan people were probably using domestic crops, experimenting with such summer rainfall crops as sorghum and millet as they move out of areas where they could grow wheat, barley, and other Mediterranean crops.TPO28-2译文：早期撒哈拉的田园画家尽管干旱，撒哈拉的物种极其多样，并自公元前10,000年前开始已经历了数次重大气候变迁。
托福TPO61口语
Cafeteria for Math BuildingStudents who are majoring in math spend a lot of time in the math building.I think it would be more convenient for math students if the university turned the large empty room on the first floor of the math building into a small cafeteria.Having a cafeteria in the math building would give students a place where they could get something to eat in between classes.Additionally,the university could add a number of electrical outlets to the room so students could recharge their laptops there.Sincerely,Justin Ruben#1Imagine that you must decide between two homes to live in.One place is very large and is brand new;but it is very far from your place of work or university.The second place is very small and is very old,but you would be able to get to work or university in less than five minutes.Which place would you prefer to live in?Explain why #2Now,listen to two students discussing the letter.Female:Did you see this letter of just ins in the paper today?I like his idea.Male:Yeah,I did see that.Female:I think it's good.It would be a real convenience,because right now the closest place to get something to eat is that the student center,which is all the way across campus.Male:You know you're right about that.Female:There just isn't enough time to leave the math building,make the long walk to the student center and get back in time for your next class.Male:I know what you mean.Female:So,it would be a great place to just have something to eat,spend time with friends and slowed down a little in between classes.Male:And what about his suggestion about the computers?Female:Oh,I really like it because most students bring their laptops to classes, especially math classes,and they need to recharge their laptops when they're not in class.Male:Yeah,and there are absolutely no places to do that in the math building because it's so old.Female:Right.So,like if you have a couple of math classes in a row,and sometime in between them,it would be a good place to sit down and recharge your laptop and maybe get some work done at the same time.The letter writer points out a problem with the math building and suggests an improvement.Briefly describe the improvement and explain the reasons why the woman agrees or disagrees with the letter writer’s suggestion.Diffusion Effect in HealthStudiesWhen health education experts want to test the effectiveness of a program designed to improve a particular health condition,they often do a study with two groups of people.One group participates in the program,while the other does not.And the researchers compare the two groups to see if the program was effective in improving health.However,if the groups come into contact during the study,a diffusion effect may occur. Members of the group participating in the program may mistakenly share information about it with members of the other group.This often leads to the results of the study being useless.Now,listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.So,ok,let's look at an example.A researcher wanted to study ways to prevent office workers from getting stiff and tired sitting all day at their desks.So,he came up with a simple program of exercises,special stretches and things.And he wanted to know if this exercise program would keep people from getting so tired during the workday,so he did a study.He divided the workers in an office building into two groups,group A and group B.The researcher had group A do this new exercise program,these special exercises and stretches every day,while group B they were told just to work as usual and group A was told not to tell group B about the exercises they were doing.The study went on for a couple of weeks.And what happened was one day some people from group A were talking about how the exercises they were doing were making them feel great that they weren't becoming so stiff and tired during the workday.And some people from group B were sitting nearby and overheard them.So these people in group B decided to start doing the exercises too.So,the researcher wasn't able to tell how well the exercise is actually worked,because people from both groups were doing them.Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of a diffusion effect.Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.All animals need to be able to survive in a particular habitat.Some animal species rely on their speed for survival.Being able to run or fly quickly helps them to hunt,to capture prey.And it also helps them to escape from danger.Why are these animals so fast?Well,these animals have developed physical adaptations that help them to run at high speeds.Let's discuss a couple of these adaptations.Some animals have specially adapted feet that allow them to travel fast over rough ground.Extremely fast animals may have feet that are very tough on the bottom.This helps them escape from a predator or capture prey more efficiently,since they can run after them at high speeds over rough ground without hurting their feet.For example,the cheetah,these large cats are among the fastest animals in the world,and many of them live in the African desert,where the ground is rough and also gets very hot.So cheaters have feet with tough pads on the bottom.These pads protect them from the hot sand and sticks and stones,so they don't hurt their feet and have to slow down.Another adaptation that allows animals to run at high speeds is specially adapted legs. Animals that have long,powerful legs are generally able to run faster than other animals.Looking again at the cheetah,the cheetah has very muscular back legs.When a cheetah starts to run,it pushes off on one of its powerful back legs,sending the body forward in a matter of seconds.What's more,the cheetah’s legs are very long,allowing them to take huge steps,covering a greater distance in less time than if they had shorter legs.Using points and examples from the lecture,explain two adaptations that allow animals to run at high speeds。
09-10年新托福部分口语机经(个人从太傻上整理的)
2010.05.08托福口语机经整场考试，阅读部分从话题来看，还是比较常规的，词汇题是考生比较熟悉的，部分有些难。
今天的加试阅读题目有了很大变化，原先的词汇题变味了推断题，让考生有点胸闷。
看来，还是实力最重要。
听力部分，仍然比较难，主要就是对于话题不熟悉以及一味寄托于机经，遇到新题心理落差太大，影响了发挥。
口语部分和写作部分没又太难的内容，尤其是独立写作，考得话题已经是多次出现在以往考试中。
本次考试难度评分：★★★★Speaking Part:Task 1讲述曾经做过的一个program或者projectTask 2是否同意孩子给父母带来了很多麻烦事Task 3女生写信给图书馆要求缩短借阅时间从一个月缩成两周理由一看一本书用不了一个月理由二那么多人排队等着一个月太久了对话中女生反对理由一有人写论文用书的话就要用很久不是两周就能完事的理由二排队的人可以通过inter library loan的方式跨校际图书馆借阅不必死等Task 4animal use their existing feature for new purpose动物开发已有官能的新用途举例非洲一种鸟类用翅膀作为canopy 遮挡阳光这样容易看清水里的食物就这一个例子Task 5学生问题：想放电影公民凯恩，结果胶片因为太老旧不能放了方案一：放别的电影但是学生有一部分会失望方案二：从图书馆借来公民凯恩的DVD COPY 缺点是屏幕会比较小大家得靠前坐气氛稍差Task 6经营者使用ecofriendly practice不仅道德上优越而且可以获得实际利益利益一节省成本举例咖啡馆使用节能灯泡不仅支持环保而且节省电费利益二吸引顾客举例咖啡馆使用再生纸杯子和纸巾可以吸引热爱环保的顾客经常光顾2010.05.16托福口语机经本次考试难度评分：★★★Speaking Part:Task 1Describe an activity that you enjoy to do together with your family. Explain why. Please include reasons and details in your response.Task 2Some people prefer to do shopping in large grocery stores or department stores. Others prefer to do shopping in small grocery stores. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.Task 3【学校通知】：大学计划cut off教学楼旁边的parking area。
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If you're looking for a topic related to a desert animal's movement for the TOEFL iBT speaking
test, you might consider discussing the adaptation strategies of desert animals to their
environment. Here's a possible prompt:
"Describe a characteristic of a desert animal and explain how this characteristic helps the
animal survive in the desert."
For an example response, you could say:
"One remarkable characteristic of a desert animal is its ability to conserve water. For instance,
the fennec fox, which lives in the Sahara Desert, has large ears that help dissipate excess body
heat and reduce the need for water. Additionally, these animals have adapted to dehydrating
quickly and can go for long periods without drinking water. This adaptation is crucial for their
survival in the water-scarce desert environment."
This response provides a clear explanation of how a specific characteristic of a desert animal
(in this case, the fennec fox) helps it survive in its environment, which is a key aspect of the
speaking task.