研究生期末英语试题
研究生期末考试汉译英
研究生期末考试汉译英第一套试题Section B1.他期末得了一个A。
He finished out the semester with an A.2.我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。
I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma.3.尽管有这些困难，他们还是决定把接受教育放在首位。
In spite of these difficulties, they have decided to make education a priority.4.让学生不及格，作为一种常规手段，其优点在今天依然和两代之前一样多。
Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.5.这是一个在过去有效，在今天也会有效的政策。
This is a policy that worked in the past and can work today.第二套试题Section B1.比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是人们幸福的关键。
For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness.2.人们花在因特网上的时间越长，与真人交往的时间就越短。
The more hours people use the Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings.3.电子邮件，我们不能靠它生活但离开它也不行。
E-mail .Can’t live with it, can’t live without it.4.在进步教育的影响下，让学生了解历史事实、数学、地理似乎都不如感觉重要。
研究生英语期末考试 选择(缩印版)
一.同义词16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers.D. considerable20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar单选26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment.27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows.28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced .29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day.30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet.31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake.32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space.33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another.35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. C. was deprived of17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. A. attack18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimalreading convenience. A. ideal21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carryinga big stick. C. frighten22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. D. motive23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B.excitement24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or havesome other drawbacks. C. disadvantages25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not afailure. A. adhere to单选26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loudcontinuous noise.27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge thestudents to overcome them.28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief'sdisguise.29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget herappointment.30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincideswith hers.31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupyingrelated statuses.32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at.33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience.34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy ofencouragement.35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the classwithout dominating it.三.同义词16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. B. motive17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnicas soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it'sreal value. A. criterion20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. B. attack22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. A. was deprived of23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statementswere made. D. opposing24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive单选26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, forconditions are much more equable underground.27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer isexcessive smoking.28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign ofdisorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job.29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed andambitions cast.30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December.31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secretinformation.33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him.34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery.35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached theirdestination at length.四.同义词 16.The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices. C. exhaustion 17. Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people. A. interplay 18.The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of the local government. B. diminished 19.Many new medicines today tan eradicate diseases before they become too widespread. D. wipe out 20.Modern farms are enterprising businesses which keep only the livestock that can pay its way. A. be profitable 21.I couldn’t understand where he got the fantastic idea that other people were poisoning him. C. fanciful 22.The Chinese nation which has the historical record of 5,000 years' civilization is distinguished for its diligence and courage. D. celebrated 23.These steps will principally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change. B. primarily 24.At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests. C. stimulating 25.Sometimes our intuitive notions about how society works turn out to be quite accurate. A. instinctive 单选： 26.When road traffic diminished , the whole town looked very silent. 27.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 28.A typical bedroom is furnished with a comfortable bed, a beautiful curtain and a D. warehouse 29.In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become A. complicated 30.How does it C. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 31.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 32.The interviewer B. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 33.Plastics tend to be C. resistant to these acids, so you don't need to worry. 34.After a long quarrel, they finally A. agreed on a price for a second-hand TV set. 35.I do not believe that this unreasonable scheme is B. worthy of our serious consideration. 五.同义词 16.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 17.The children were full of animation as they went to the zoo. For it is the first time for them to go outing. C. excitement 18.A handshake conveys more than just a (n) mutual grasping of fingers and palms. A. common 19.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. D. improve 20.It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. B. frighten 21.All the staff members of the department made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for the Christmas party. A. enthusiastic 22.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. D. make fun of 23.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. B. criterion 24.On Spring Festival she liked to be dressed in her finery, which made her look so beautiful. D. arrayed 25.Many young people today find the transition from the teens to adulthood hard to face. C. transformation 单选： 26.The interviewer A. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 27.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 28.How does it B. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 29.Technology has A. facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 30.Jack is the very person who can be C. entrusted with either money or secret information. 31.He stopped the car so B. abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 32.Social corruption results from some officials D. abuse of their power, so there must be effective laws to restrict the officials' power. 33.In these days, the temperature in the ancient city of China's West has been C. abnormal the highest point reaching 40"C. 34.The quarrels of the different political parties in the turbulent country seemed likely to A. disrupt the state. 35.It is very likely that the Martian will also be D. adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 六．同义词16.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly. A. resilient 17.Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art. D. influence 18.There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor. B. murdered 19.Tony who was tardy told his father a long and unconvincing story to explain his lateness. A. incredible 20.The ritual household duties are always considered a dreary grind, for efforts in these areas are generally not appreciated. C. routine 21.The most important environmental influence on fish is water temperature, for fish tend to take on the temperature of their surroundings. B. assume 22.Years ago this politician did a clever, but immoral thing, which laid the foundation of his fortune. D. unethical 23.The students did not like their new teacher because he seemed so stern. C. strict 24.Embroidery depicting scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the 18th century. A. portraying 25.Producers were encouraged to design enticing packages geared to "sell themselves.”D. adjusted 单选26.The museum had B. substituted copies for the original manuscripts to save wear and tear on the latter. 27.News of our team winning the match was really A. overwhelming, and millions of people came out to celebrate the victory. 28.An honorary doctorate of taw was C. conferred on the general secretary of the International Law Association by this university. 29.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without B. dominating it. 30.He would go to endless D. trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 31.Some of her suggestions have been adopted but others have been C. rejected as they are quite impractical. 32.The magician's talk creates a (n) A. diversion of attention so that the audience does not see how he does his tricks. 33.A police officer is more likely to D. invent in his law enforcement tactics when he is not in view of reporters. 34.With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual B. creativity 35. A. A multitude of people are assembling in the street. What happened?。
西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题
西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题西安电子科技大学研究生课程考试试题（答案必须写在答题纸上或在答题卡上填涂）考试科目：英语基础课程编号：0821001考试日期：12 年6 月25 日考试时间：150 分考试方式：(闭卷) 任课教师：班号学生姓名：学号：考生注意事项一、本试卷由两份试卷组成：试卷一( Paper One ) 包括词汇，完形填空,与阅读理解三部分，共60题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二( Paper T wo ) 包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。
二、试卷一（题号1－60）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性(HB)铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A] [B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案分别做在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。
试卷一(Paper One)PartⅠ VOCABULARY (20 points)Section A: (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. But while it may be interesting for foreigners such as the US banker to look at the Nordic model, it appears difficult to emulate it.A. intimateB. intimidateC. imitateD. intimacy2. In the inception phase, the product idea or request for proposal is developed to the point that the funding decision can be made.A. perceptionB. beginningC. inclinationD. deception3. The official said the company was looking for access to capital to make itless vulnerable to competitors and takeover bids.A. defenselessB. vagueC. temptD. vulgar4. Now he owned the state’s largest advertising agency and was a veterandirector of the bank with strong influence on the board.A. prestigiousB. necessaryC. irreplaceableD. experienced5. So the court says it is important that the trademark proprietors should not beallowed to hold a perpetual monopoly on technical solutions.A. everlastingB. temporaryC. prolongD. prevailing6. The paper is entitled: Research on the Formation of Information Technology Usage Habituation from the Automatic Goal-Directed Behavior Perspective.A. justificationB. habitC. derivationD. adaptation7. Economists, however, are doing their best to gauge just how much thedestruction will cost both Japan and the world in economic growth.A. evacuateB. evaluateC. evaporateD. consume8. Meanwhile, despite all the crackdowns and criminal penalties, melamine (三聚氰胺) continues to pop up in the country’s dairy supply.A. pump upB. go quicklyC. appear suddenlyD. are frantic with9. The study was not designed to answer why sleeping longermay bedeleterious or whether people could extend their life span by sleeping less.A. neutralB. harmfulC. positiveD. negative10.A group of ladies saunter down a road in Skegness wearing floral, collaredshirts and closed toe shoes.A. scamperB. scraperC. strollD. scootSection B (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the fourchoices given to best complete each sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. She suggests taking a methodical approach to individuals you are cominginto with, dividing them up under several headings, or markets.A. beingB. useC. contactD. action12. But I am guilty of an entirely different form of multitasking: in any givenmonth, I have lots of projects on the .A. moveB. courseC. pathD. go13. I really don’t see why our English teacher our monitor for praisesince we have all done quite well this term.A. leaves outB. singles outC. trips upD. provoked up14. There may be many providers for the service, and each of them may have adifferent name for the service or some other non-standard requirementsthat the service requester must .A. abide byB. abuse byC. bet byD. abandoned by15. V erify that the version of Microsoft Exchange you are using is withthe database version that you are trying to mount.A. competitiveB. contradictC. compatibleD. indifferent16. I think, learning English can three simple ingredients: persistence,proper ways and good teachers.A. boil down toB. in terms ofC. accord toD. be regarded to17. He eventually built a new, highly automated big factory that does nothingbut the plastic stoppers, 157 million a month.A. chuck outB. check outC. put outD. churn out18.Let others make their employees’ cuts first in the hope that they willattention you.A. deflect…fromB. depart….fromC. convert….fromD. derive…from19. Technologies can a powerful influence the lifelonglearning process, as well as to help overcome various inequalities in society.A. execute….onB. excurse…onC. exert…onD. exculpate…on20. The two animals each other in their eagerness to get inside, andheard the door shut behind them with great joy and relief.A. mussed overB. tumbled overC. came overD. slashed overPart Ⅱ CLOZE TEST ( 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in thepassage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you havechosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.For the past two years, I have been working on students’evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 21 some 300 students from at 22 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally frank and direct in their comments 23 how course work could be better presented. Most of their remarks were kindly made with tolerance rather than bitterness----and frequently were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 24 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 25 with things as they are in the classroom.Professors should be 26 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their voices monotonous.”If they are going to read, why not 27 out copies of the lecture? Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 28 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “29 we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on,30 repeated.”“A lo t of students hate to buy a required text that the professor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”21. A. counting B. covering C. figuring D. involving22. A. best B. length C. least D. large23. A. at B. on C. of D. over24. A. if B. though C. as D. whether25. A. satisfactory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfied26. A. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted27. A. hold B. give C. drop D. leave28. A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit29. A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. However30. A. not B. or C. and D. yetPart ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)Directions: In this part of the tests, there are six short passages for you to read. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questionsthat follow. Then choose the best answer from the chioces markedA, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Passage OneThe e-book, you could argue, is environmentally friendly, which is true, but it is also incredibly counter-intuitive. Computer engineers spend a lot of their time coming up with ways to make computers ubiquitous (无所不在的) in consumer lives, and they’ve largely succeeded in that, which is part of the point. Many consumers have also been busy rejecting electronic banking, partly because we want a few tangible experiences leftin our lives, and handling money is one of those experiences. Reading a book, in a way, is an act of rebellion today. It’s a statement that despite the 35 channels coming in on the cable box, the billions of Web sites and other diversions, you’re going to read a book. This is something someone could have done in the 16th century, when the first books were printed in English.I used to attend a regular “salon”in Man hattan, where Internet people would meet, have dinner and discuss the latest trends. One of the sponsors of these social gatherings, who worked for a publisher, brought an e-book to the group, and passed it around. Everything about it bugged me; it w as characterless, flat and soulless. One might imagine reading the works of Bill Gates on it, but the thought of reading Thackeray or Dickens or Wilkie Collins or even John Steinbeck on it is a laughing matter.In other words, books are more than just words, they have —or used to have —decorative covers, because they are expressions of the author’s creativity. That’s why some people collect first editions. They want to own the book that was authorized by the writer, an edition he or she might have owned. As books age, they attain a certain patina (古色古香), reminding of the history the object has seen.31. According to the author, one drawback of computers is that .A. they require sophisticated computer literacyB. they arc interfering with our private livesC. they can be used only in a limited numbers of areasD. they deprive us of experiences of handling things32. Today, reading books is regarded as .A. creativeB. harmfulC. intellectualD. old-fashioned33. It is the author’s opinion that .A. it is ridiculous to read literary works on an e-bookB. readers find it odd to read Bill Gates’ works on an e-bookC. reading e-books is not very different from reading paper booksD. e-books will replace traditional books in the foreseeable future34. The last paragraph is mainly concerned with the ________ aspect of paperbooks.A. physicalB. intellectualC. estheticD. historical35. What is the author’s main purpose?A. To forecast the e-books’ future.B. To make a case against e-books.C. To suggest alternatives to printed books.D. To weigh the pro and con of e-books.Passage 2Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.“The burnt child fears the fire”is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it wasindirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve (挖掘)somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a suit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the atmosphere of the classroom…these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of properemotional reactions.However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personalprejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.36. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _______.A. attitudes affect our actionsB. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils’attitudesC. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes.37. A statement not made of implied in the passage is that _______.A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoodsB. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importanceof brushing his teethC.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lecturesD.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influencedprimarily by the way they were treated as infants38. The passage specifically states that _______.A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect onesB.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already beenintroduced at homeC.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.D.Teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children39. The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in commonexcept _______.A.the importance of experience in building attitudesB.how fear sometimes governs attitudesC.how attitudes can be changed in the classroomD.how reading affects attitudes40. In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writer’spurpose would be: _______.A.“poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”B.“He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.C.“There is a great difference between a cunning man and a wise man.”D.“Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion ofresentment.”Passage 3The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both economic and cultural that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic breakdown of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a for ce for good,” he said, “Income in manycountries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been worsened. Without further interference by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout t he Latin America and Asia.”Y et George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “E conomic liberation, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanism can produce short term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that global ization’s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Y awee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is weakening her local culture and language. “Most of the world’s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonald’s and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.However, ignoring the political dimensions of globalization has already had its cost. Nowhere was this made clearer than in the East Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s —particularly in Indonesia. In the wake of that crisis, the President Suharto’s regime was overthrown, and the entire country has been thrown into a mess. The Indonesian economy has contracted almost 50 percent, throwing tens of millions of people below the poverty line.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, andit certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.41. It can be inferred that Michael Tenor’s at titude toward globalization isprobably .A. strongly opposedB. cautiously agreedC. somewhat anxiousD. absolutely supportive42. According to the passage, George Frank .A. agrees with the comments made by Michael TenetB. consents the globalization is favorable to economyC. believes that the reduction of prices is due to the competitionD. thinks the instability is caused by the economic liberalization43. The words by Janice Y awee mean that .A. dialects need more protection by people in the worldB. informal English words are as popular as the McDonald's in the worldC. Janice Y awee’s local culture has vanished in the worldD. the impacts of globalization are great on cultures of the world44. The author cites the example of Indonesia in order to .A. prove the impact of globalization on the field of politicsB. show the economic crisis of the late 1990s in East AsiaC. support the successful economic and political reform in IndonesiaD. illustrate why the Suhatro’s regime collapsed45. This passage implies that .A. globalization is good for a country’s economic developmentB. globalization is widely accepted and advocated by peopleC. globalization is too influential on a country’s economy to be acceptedD. globalization is not always of great benef it to a country’s developmentPassage 4Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data shows that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebound, the number of marriages also rises.Coincident with the increasing women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Y et, it may be wrong to jump to reply simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problemsoften play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.Also a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinner. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside the home comes the capacity to exercise power, within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.46. The word “portend” in P aragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.A. defyB. signalC. suffer fromD. result from47. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, .A. men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB. more women would get married to seek financial securityC. even working women would worry about their marriagesD. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being48. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that _ .A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC. they feel that their partners fall to live up to their expectationsD. they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage49. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, .A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB. their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC. their marriage ties can be strengthenedD. they tend to put their career before marriage50. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewin the passage?A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economicsituation of the country.B. Even when economically independent, most women have to strugglefor real equality in marriage.C. In order to secure their marriage, women should work outside the homeand remain independent.D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriagevaries fromcase to case.Passage 5In evolutionary terms, humans are relative newcomers to earth, but in a short time they have established themselves as the most successful and dominant species. As Carl Sagan has commented, humans arrived late in December if we consider evolutionary time in terms of a calendar year. As our earliest ancestors left the forest to feed in the savannas and finally to form hunting societies on the open plains, their minds and behavior changed.The theory of natural selection provides an explanation of the evolutionary process. This theory is based on Charles Darwin’s observations of many animal species around the world. Darwin pointed out that organisms reproduce at rates that could lead to enormous increases in population sizes of most species.However, despite these massive reproductive capacities, population size tends to remain fairly constant.Darwin stressed that there is extensive variability-sometimes referred to as genetic diversity-among individuals in a species. Some of these variations appear advantageous for survival. Darwin argued that individuals characterized by these beneficial characteristics would be more likely to survive and succeed in reproducing themselves. Gradually, the organisms with the favorable characteristics would comprise a greater proportion of the population, and over a long period of time, the reproductive advantage could produce a gradual modification of the whole population. However, if environmental conditions change, new sets of characteristics might be favored and the whole process could move off in a different direction.Evolution proceeds at a very slow pace indeed. For example, the lines leading to the emergence of human beings and the great apes began to diverge about 14 million years ago. Modern man came into existence about 50, 000 years ago. The beginning of civilization as we know it began about 10, 000 years ago. In the ensuring years there have been no sweeping evolutionary changes in humans. This is not surprising because we have existed for only about 50, 000 years and it takes much longer fora mammalian species to develop.51. Which of the following statements is certain?A. Humans emerged later than most animals on earth.B. Humans came into existence when the earth was cold.C. Humans became hunters 10,000 years ago.D. No evolution has taken place in humans in the last 10,000 years.52. Why does population size remain relatively constant?A. Organisms do not reproduce at high enough rates.B. Few organisms are characterized with favorable characteristics.C. Some variations in a species fail to survive.D. Evolution takes a longer time than could be imaged.53. According to Darwin, evolution is chiefly determined by _______.A. biological factorsB. environmental factorsC. interspecies factorsD. reproduction time54. The word “diverge” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “__”A. renderB. corruptC. deviateD. derive55. Evolution in a species often starts_______.A. collectivelyB. in some individualsC. suddenlyD. in a sweeping mannerPassage 6Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intens ive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless deep variation, even customization, The revolutionary result is, in effect, the de-massification of mass production.The shift toward smart flex-techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among.But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro-markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer-based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly de-massified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late1960s, visionary marketers began talking about “market segmentation.”Today they no longer focus on “segments”buton “particles”—family units and even single individuals.Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly de-massified media. The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber-optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous de-massification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.56. What would be a proper title for this passage?A. Future ShockB. De-massificationC. Changing TrendD. Market Segmentation57. Which is true about “mass production” according to the author?A. It promotes further development in manufacturing systems.B. It defines the Second Wave economy and will last.C. It involves intensive information, automation, and customization.D. It is becoming dated for the present economy.58. The author calls those marketers “visionary” mainly because_______.A. they began talking about “market segmentation” in 1960s.B. they focus on “market particles.”。
英语-研究生期末样题
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM (Sample Test)FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITYPART 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A. The conversation doesn’t say.C. They will go roller skating. B. They will go ice skating.D. They will stay at home.2. A. The two speakers are good friends.B. The man is inviting the woman to meet again.C. The man is simply saying good-bye to the woman.D. The two speakers care about each other.3. A. He is tall.C. He wears a green shirt. B. He wears glasses.D. He has a mustache.4. A. She wears pants.C. She is serious-looking. B. She wears a dark T-shirt.D. She has long hair.5. A. The man is apologetic for what happened.C. The man is the husband of the wife.B. The man will replace the table cloth.D. The woman asks the man to keep his word.6. A. The man has it.C. It’s in th e library. B. The woman has it.D. It’s at home.7. A. In the middle of the hall on the first floor.B. In the basement.C. In the middle of the hall on the second floor.D. On the stairs.8. A. It’s opposite the church.C. It’s on the other side of the street. B. It’s quite far away from here.D. It’s side by side with the church.9. A. Sending a letter in the post office.C. Returning some books to the library. B. Cashing a check in the bank.D. Visiting her son’s teacher at school.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage.10. A. It’s in one time zone.B. It is divided into five time zones.C. It’s divided into twenty-four time zones.D. It cannot be crossed in five days.11. A. You set it ahead one hour in each new time zone.B. You set it ahead one hour for the whole trip.C. You set it back one full day for each time zone.D. You set it ahead by twenty three hours.12. A. The beginning of any new time zone.B. Any point where time changes by one hour.C. The point where a new day begins.D. Any time zone in the Pacific Ocean.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage.13. A. Training interpreters.B. The work of an interpreter.C. The importance of an interpreter.D. The president and his interpreter.14. A. A college degree.B. A good command of the vocabulary of a foreign language.C. An adequate knowledge of at least two languages.D. The ability to make a speech over a loudspeaker.15. A. Most interpreters in the US don’t have steady work.B. 150 interpreters work for the US.C. Full-time interpreters are paid better than part-time ones.D. Full-time interpreters are hired only when there is a special job to do.Section C: 答案填在答题纸上Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from （1）to （5）with the exact words or expressions you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Animals traveling from one country to another have to follow laws, just as people do. They don’t have to have (1)____, but they have to obey other rules. Most countries have laws about animals coming into their country. The laws were made to stop the spread of diseases that animals carry.(2)___ include cats and dogs going with their masters on trips. Others are rare animals going to zoos. Some are birds and fish on their way to pet-shops.Some animals cannot go into a country unless their owners can prove that they have been vaccinated against certain diseases. Others must be (3)___ by animal doctors.Sometimes animals must spend a month or more in a special place before they can enter a country. The animals are (4)___. There, they are kept away from other animals until it is certain that they don not have a disease. Only the people who care for the animals can go near.There are many different laws in each country. Anyone who wants to take a pet to another country should (5)___ with the government first. Laws are made to protect both people and animals.PART II: VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16．The minister of education recently promised ____ incentive grants to the teachers who intend to reform their teaching methods.A. obviousB. colorfulC. substantialD. resolute17. ____ in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last year’s study.A. PromotionB. PreferenceC. PrecautionD. Priority18. Wealthy people often ____ in winter days to warmer sunnier countries.A. motivateB. migrateC. immigrantD. emigrate19. To join a fitness program, ____ must be within a certain height and weight range.A. votersB. partnersC. designersD. participants20. Some demographers remain ____ about the population growth and stress that population growth is, at any rate in the long term, a good thing.A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. hopelessD. optimistic21. The ____ of undergraduate experience should be assessed by the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education.A. reactionB. impactC. capabilityD. proficiency22. Citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A. consequenceB. traitC. accidentD. incidence23. The major goal of the tourism department is to ____ more people to visit its country at the turn of the century.A. induceB. respectC. reduceD. arouse24. The workers strongly ____ their factory director for neglect of duty.A. indicatedB. demonstratedC. announcedD. denounced25. Having shut himself in his study for a while, he went to a movie to ____ his mind from his worries.A. relaxB. extractC. attractD. distract26. In Japan, by contrast, no single car-producer dominates, and the impetus for ever greaterinnovation and lower prices springs less from international competition than from the intense __________ within Japan itself.A. incentiveB. rivalryC. recessionD. dilemma27. He enjoys his food and wine, but does not allow its enjoyment to __________ the imagewhich is important chiefly to himself, and then to his public.A. distortB. manifestC. glorifyD. squint28. No reason was given for the departure of Rourke at the time, and this only served to__________ speculation.A. intimateB. acquaintC. intensifyD. inspect29. However, he was a writer with a number of plays to his credit, none of them great successesbut all __________ note.A. short ofB. clear ofC. ashamed ofD. worthy of30. Failure to _________ with the regulations can result in a $10,000 fine or a six-month prisonsentence.A. consultB. complyC. coincideD. competePART III. CLOZEDirections: In this part of the test, you’ll read an incomplete passage with10blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay: wheels _31_, and people drive off to their jobs; _32_ turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway; hubcaps whirl, _33_ the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. _34_ every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, _35_ roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? It’s _36_.But even though the majority of Americans would find _37_ to imagine what life would be like without a car, _38_ have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are _39_ by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine _40_hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one _41_ of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gase s are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a _42_ heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that _43_ pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do.But building a clean car is _44_ said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and _45_. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.31. A. move B. movingC. spinD. spinning32. A. Cars B. WorkersC. PeopleD. Tires33. A. so B. butC. andD. as34. A. Almost B. AmongC. One inD. One out35. A. build B. builtC. to buildD. building36. A. unthinkable B. possibleC. predictableD. uncertain37. A. hard B. it hardC. possibleD. it possible38. A. some B. fewC. expertsD. car makers39. A. embarrassed B. plaguedC. panickedD. paralyzed40. A. turns B. firesC. burnsD. purchases41. A. type B. resourceC. wayD. source42. A. weak B. kindC. strongD. quick43. A. does not B. preventsC. reducesD. preserves44. A. often B. easierC. hardlyD. no more45. A. gas B. electricityC. turbineD. waterPART IV READING COMPREHENSIONPassage 1In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, America’s Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”; 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, 11 Slave. The South’s ec onomy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “l ike a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By1860，when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Lincoln’s election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that “So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp and I the pow er to crush.”Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the “Last Best Hope on Earth” for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Emperors ruled all the old countries, where rights held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United State, beacon of Freedom – had human bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, “the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.”46. We learn from the first paragraph that ________ .A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded.B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained itsindependenceC. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of IndependenceD. John Wilkes Booth sh ot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Ford’s Theatre.47. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in _________ .A. religious faithsB. political beliefsC. economic interestsD. geographic differences48. It can be inferred from the context of Para. 4 that ________ .A. John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the southB. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slaveryC. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressD. the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election49. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?A. Make compromises.B. Prevent the spread of slavery.C. Strike a balance.D. Get prepared for war.50. In what way was America unique in the family of nations?A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people.Passage 2Back in 1986, Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mouse gene into a certain strain of mice caused changes in the host mouse’s antibodies – a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system.A postdoctoral researcher in the lab, Margot O’Toole, found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice. Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss, Dr. Thereza Imanishi-Kari, led O’Toole to suspect defects or errors in the original research and she made her suspicions public.One thing led to another, and in time, O’Toole found herself in touc h with two researchers at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) Ned Feder and Walter Stewart, who had risen to public prominence in the mid-1980s as fraud-busters. These self-appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness, and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness to accusations of dishonesty and cover-up.Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science, the case came before an N.I.H. scientific panel. The press began to portray （描绘）the idealistic O’Toole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors: it was said, wrongly, that she had lost her job and her home, and had been cold-shouldered by the establishment. The cover letter to a draft report from the N.I.H. committee said Imanishi-Kari was guilty of “serious scientific misconduct” and accused Baltimore of a cover-up. The fact that he had stuck by his co-workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged.The crucial time came in 1989 when Representative John Dingell pressed a series of Congressional hearings. A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding, not least by unaccountable scientists, he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning, alleging that the investigation represented a threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves, because they alone could understand how science works. Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise. He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi-Kari’s lab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after-the-event tampering. The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate, and science itself seemed to be on trial.This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore: he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University. A whispering campaign, probably involving jealousies, forced Baltimore’s resignation after just 18 months.If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemed to unfold with all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, there was, after a fashion, a happy ending. Eventually the pendulum (钟摆) of opinion started to swing. Dingell began to be represented as a latter-day Joseph McCarthy. Imanishi-Kari and Baltimore assumed O’Toole’s role of victim, seen as the targets of a new “Galileo trial” or a witch hunt being carried out by the “science police.” When Imanishi-Kari appealed against the findings, a further scientific review board was convened, and she was officially exonerated of (排除…嫌疑) fabrication. She got tenure, and in 1997 Baltimore, no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty, was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology.51. The story took place when ________ .A. fraud in science was becoming a public concernB. Baltimore’s honesty as a scientist was being questionedC. there was a growing awareness of the misuse of Federal fundsD. genetic modification food seemed feasible52. In this story, O’Toole played the role of ________ .A. a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John DingellB. an involuntary accomplice （同犯，帮凶）unfairly used by the science policeC. an honest researcher who dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winnerD. a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment53. What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made?A. He questioned the right of Congressmen to investigate the case.B. He stood by Imanishi-Kari and tried to cover up her misconduct.C. He played into his opponents’ hands when he gave O’Toole the cold shoulder.D. He lost his cool and got irritated when his authority was challenged.54. Judging from the context, Joseph McCarthy was very probably a person who ________ .A. was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileo’s caseB. was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about a witch huntC. used unsupported accusations to obtain his own purposesD. was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries55. It can be inferred from this passage that ________ .A. science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in scienceB. scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about natureC. politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientistsD. it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in sciencePassage 3Certainly, the concept of a “death with dignity” has become an increasing focus of debate, not the least because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired and aged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifies an important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?In general, the laymen’s view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,” or active intervention to end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form.I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia for many years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness that she should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98th year, suffering from her third stroke and unconscious with pneumonia.I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and could merit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia has a definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of things and to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, I believe the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given the absence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such as good faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there is no ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a suffering animal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual both hypocritical and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man has inhabited the earth, he has accepted with few reservations the right to kill and be killed on the battlefield, even when this leads to not only his own but multiple deaths.I have talked to legal, ethical and medical authorities in many parts of the world on the need for active euthanasia. Again and again the same questions came up:Who will decide when a life is to be terminated and how can mistakes be avoided?Would doctors perhaps misuse the right to take life by getting rid of the people they do not like?Does a doctor have the right to play God?If it is feared that a doctor is playing God when he terminates a life, it can just as readily be argued that he is playing the same role when he prolongs the life of a terminally-ill patient. And surely, when the terminally-ill person develops an inter-current infection that will cause death if not treated, are we not also interfering wi th God’s will by instituting treatment and preventing the patient from dying of the infection?56.What is the layman’s understanding of euthanasia?A.Killing somebody out of pity because he is in severe pain.B.Ceasing feeding of the patient.C.Stopping treatment.D.Death with dignity.57.What does the author think of active euthanasia?A. It is a form of human cruelty.B. It should be allowed for the terminally ill.C.It is interference in God’s will.D. It is ethically wrong even if legally permissible.58.Why does t he author say society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing the death ofan individual is both hypocritical and illogical?A. A single death is much dwelled on while multiple deaths go unnoticed.B.Passive euthanasia is overlooked while active euthanasia is penalized.C.Ending the life of a suffering animal is called mercy while doing the same to a human iscalled murder.D.Euthanasia is condemned while killing on the battlefield is accepted without reservation.59.What is the chief problem that may arise in administering euthanasia?A.Abuse of this practice.B.Religious opposition.pletion of legal procedures.D.The defining of life.60.According to the author, in giving treatment to a terminally-ill patient, the doctor is________ .A.doing a disservice to societyB.performing humanitarian obligationsC.increasing his sufferingD.interfering with God’s will, too.PART V TRANSLATIONSection ADirections: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.Online FriendshipIn so many ways, cyberspace mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Section BDirections: Read the following passage in Chinese carefully and translate it into English in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.今天我们生活在一个包装了的世界。
天津大学硕士研究生英语期末考试试题
ENGLISH FINAL EXAMFOR MASTERS OF ENGINEERNINGNAME__________ MAJOR__________ STUDENT NO: ______________Part one: Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.1.This issue ______ interesting reading because it tells how thesepeople made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.A. accounts forB. serves asC. makes forD. makes useof2.Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is ______.A. getting alongB. getting aheadC. getting byD. gettingabove3.Paul ______ me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.A. remembersB. remindsC. recallsD. recollects4.Don’t count your chickens before they are ______.A. hatchedB. harvestedC. hurriedD. hastened5.Several car manufactures will ______ half of their workers becauseof economic difficulty.A. discountB. disposeC. bootD. disclose6.They had ______ funds to cover the cost of the trip.A. ampleB. luxuryC. sampleD. superb7.All living things have certain _______ that are passed on from onegeneration to the next.A. cellsB. virusesC. flawsD.attributes8.She ______ her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A. inheritedB. inhabitedC. hinderedD.objected9.It is for this reason ______ he refused to take the job.A. whyB. whenC. thatD. so10.Who ______ that spoke first at yesterday’s meeting?A. was itB. wasC. it wasD. did11.It wasn’t ______ personal interests that they did all this.A. becauseB. onlyC. justD. for12.Hardly ______ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed whenB. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed beforeD. the plane was landing that13.No sooner ______ than he realized that he should have remained silent.A. had the words been spokenB. the words had spokenC. the words had been spokenD. had the words spoken14.You’d rather not do it, ______?A. shouldn’t youB. wouldn’t youC. would youD. ought you15.We never dared to ask him a question, ______?A. did weB. doesn’t itC. dared weD. daren’twe16. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized ______ to computer ortelecommunication systems for the challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes.A. passwordB. entryC. accessD. approach17. There are four factories in our institute, _________ over 200 workers.A. with eachB. each havingC. each hasD.with each has18. By conservative ______ 80% of humanity still can’t use written languageeffectively.A. estimatesB. estimatedC. estimationsD. estimating19. With ______ her do this, she will have no difficulty persuading themto accept her plan.A. my helpingB. mine helpingC. me helpingD. I help20. Only rarely do people’s jobs, spouses and children ______ these imagined ideals.A. live up toB. agree withC. meet withD. realizesPart two: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is an incomplete passage with 10 blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think that can best complete the passage and mark your answer by ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.When Forbes published its first list in 1982, five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas __1__ holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice __2__ billionaire J. Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil. Getty got his big start the __3__ way—from his father’s money.The original list 14 years ago was __4__ Rockefellers, and Du Ponts,a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or two—all great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. The word “inheritance”appeared in the biographies 75 times.There weren’t as many old-money fortunes on last year’s list—which leads to some conclusions about wealth in America. First, it’s not easyto __5__ money, even for millionaires. Taxes put a big __6__ in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches aren’t as __7__ as they used to be. Besides the three Du Pont entries, only 43 of the 400 entries on the most recent Forbes list represent people who got __8__ through inheritance. And only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil, so Getty’s quote no longer __9__as true as it once did. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can __10__ on topof the list of richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies.1. A. into B. full of C. with D. through2. A. attributed to B. contributed to C. accounted for D. brought about3. A. old-fashion B. old-fashionable C. old-fashioned D. unfashionable4. A. crawling with B. filling with C. popular with D. credited with5. A. hold down B. contain C. grasp D. hold on to6. A. edge B. dent C. disadvantage D. effect7. A. impressive B. dependable C. influential D. available8. A. there B. away C. on D. in9. A. looks B. rings C. views D. takes10. A. end up B. show C. arrive at D. raise up Part three: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages. The passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions and unfinished statements there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.Passage 1When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean isto get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will beoccupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was '24000. While the full professors managed to earn just '23030.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. there are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out peoplewho ______.A. will not be a disgrace to societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower2. Many Ph.D.s are out of job because ______.A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money3. The nation is only interested in people ______.A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C4. Which of the following is not true?A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated, you'll be overeducated for society's demands.5. The writer sees education as ______.A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden one's horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyone should havePassage 2The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant". It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.6. The word "here" (Para. 1, line. 4) refers to ______.A. EuropeB. AmericaC. New JerseyD. Indiana7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.B. The farmer rejected Charles Newbold's plow for fear of ruin of their field.C. Both Europe and America had great need of farm machinery.D. It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.8. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the agricultural revolutionB. the invention of labor-saving machineryC. the development of scientific agricultureD. the farming machinery in America9. At the opening of the nineteenth-century, farmers in America ______.A. preferred light toolsB. were extremely self-reliantC. had many portable toolsD. had very few tools10. Implied but not stated ______.A. There was a shortage of workers on American farmsB. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plowC. After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plowD. Charles Newbolt had made a fortune by his cast-iron plowPassage 3We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American automanufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.11. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ______.A. decrease graduallyB. become unstableC. improve enormouslyD. remain at the same level12. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ______.A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB. often more expensive than old onesC. often inferior to old ones at firstD. not easily accepted by the public13. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ______.A. work out marketing policiesB. increase its popularityC. promote its productionD. speed up its life cycle14. The author mentions the example of "backpacks" (Line 4, Para.2) toshow the importance of ______.A. increasing usage among studentsB. exploring new market sectionsC. pleasing the young as well as the oldD. serving both military and civil needs15. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ______.A. improving product qualityB. re-positioning their product in the marketC. modernizing product styleD. increasing product featuresPart four: TranslationSection A: (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 sentences from your textbook. Translate the sentences into Chinese and write your Chinese versions of the sentences in the space provided below.1.Engineers should be curious about the “how” and “why” of natural andmechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.2.I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom livedthrough the Great Depression.3.It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Nettechnology will have significant influence on the industry of the future.4.Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend therest of your life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably won’t.5.Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identicalprice, amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Section B: (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a short passage. Read the passage carefully and translate it into English. Write your translation of the passage in the space provided below.节省、积累可观的财富，不是自动完成的。
研究生期末考试英译汉
研究生期末考试英译汉第一套试题Section A1.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
2.They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had inschool.每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
4.That is to reveal the trump card of failure.这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5.I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right.我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。
第二套试题Section A1.Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.人们的身心健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。
2.Any time when you have something that is difficult to say ,e-mail can make it easier.每当你有什么难以开口的事要说，写个电子邮件会使之变得简单的多。
3.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几十万的十八岁青年毕业，他们将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
专业英语研究生期末考试(四川大学研究生考试样题)
XX大学计算机〔软件〕学院工程硕士考试试题〔2021——2021学年上学期〕课程号： _________课序号： ___________课程名称：专业英语任课教师：于中华适用专业：软件工程适用年级：____学生人数：________印题份数：______学号：______XX：_______考试须知XX大学学生参加由学校组织或由学院承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行 ?XX大学考试工作管理方法?和?XX大学考场规那么? 。
有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照?XX大学学生考试违纪作弊处分规定?进展处理。
XX大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行?XX大学考试工作管理方法?、?XX大学考场规那么?和?XX大学监考人员职责?。
有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照?XX大教学事故认定及处理方法?进展处理。
题号一二三四五六七八九十平时总分得分考试时间年月日阅卷教师签名I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10%)1._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone linesA. keyboardB .modemC. printer D. mouse2.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor3. __________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction4. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer isdoing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic5. _________ are programs that provide access to Web resourcesA. browsersB. databaseC. URLD. E-commerce6._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. Outlook 2003C. Access 2003D. Excel 20037. __________ is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows 2003D. Linux8. A virus is a __________A. programB. computerC. bad manD. beast9. TCP/IP are the two standard protocols for communications on the __________.A. webB. computerC. InternetD. network10. B2C involves individuals selling to ___________.A. clientB. consumerC. corporationD. company1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________。
苏州大学研究生英语期末考试题库
Unit2选词填空(注意词性，动词形式，单复数形式)1.Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means ofphotosynthesis.2.Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician whocarries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution .3.Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1963.4.The facts he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him withammunition for his argument.5.We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6.76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response .7.John’s arthritis is getting so unbearable these days that he has to be hospitalized .8.hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged within him.9.Despite some exceptions, compassionate killing are dealt with very moderatelyin British courts.10.The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that theyare regarded as quite radical in some European countries.句子翻译1. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness.长期以来“山雨欲来”的安乐死问题又沸沸扬扬的演变成一场激烈的公共辩论，双方都声称是为了最终的正义。
研究生综合英语期末复习题
ObserveIt was ________ that 40% of patients had high blood pressureKeynes _________ that human beings fall into two classes.Too many accidents are occurring at work because employers are not _________safety regulations.label_________ on clothes should be removed for kids with sensitive skin.She carefully ________each jar with its contents and the date .Children who are ________”slow” usually get less attention from teachers.engageOnly 10% of American adults_________ in regular exercise.Paul ___________as a junior clerk at a very low wage .Have you heard? Sally and Ray are getting _________.Her _________ personality has helped make her television’s favorite talk-show hostess.attributeThe fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally _________to improvements in diet.What __________ should a good manager possess?This, and the remaining frescoes,are not __________to Giotto.drive_______ a Rolls Royce into a swimming pool was one of the most dangerous stunts Crawford had to perform. The government must continue this _________ to find new , cleaner forms of energy.Greg certainly has the __________ to become a good lawyer.exerciseTry to fit some regular _________into your daily routione.The ___________ in Chapter 3 are helpful for students learning the future tense.People who can _________ some control over their surroundings feel less anxious .TermIt was always clear that Schmidt’s third ________ in office would prove a difficult one.The exams are at the end of the summer _________.He had been _________ a temporary employee , now he is a member of permanent staff.DischargeSeveral of the recruits were ________from the Army due to medical problems .The president called upon the soldier to _____their duty with honor .All __________and dispositions of radioactive waste from Springfields were within relevant limits .MinorWe have made some ________changes to the program.Sid ___________ in political science.This film contains material unsuitable for ________StageT his treaty marks an important __________ in our two countries’ relationship.The orchestra was restricted to a semicircle in view of the needs of Roman drama and, in front of this was a raised __________.It cost thousands of pounds to _________ the concer t, including performers’ fees and the hire of equipment. fosterThe couple wanted to adopt the black child they had been ___________.Recent studies show that advertising usually _________ competition and therefore lowers prices.Half a million American children are in _________care at any given time.firmEdward got a job with a ________ of accountants in London .Make sure the ladder feels ______ before you climb up.You need to be ______ with her or she’ll try to take advantage of you.BudA blossom develops from a _________In this poem, the _______ fower means youth.accessThe only ___________ to that ancient is along a muddy track.Users can __________ their voice mail remotely.tasteThe medicine had a slightly bitter ________.There was a lot of hard work before we first ________success.foolKatherine was nobody’s __________ when it came to money.It’s no good _________ yourself. He’s not coming back.produceThe factory _______ an incredible 100 cars per hour.We sell tinned goods and local _______.garnishThey _________ the room with modern paintings.The chicken was served with _________ of parsley and green onion.reignThe Queen ________but does not rule.The king’s _________lasted for 30 yearsconcernEnvironmental protection is a growing _______ in China.He loved his wife, and ___________ for her happiness.nameThe building is ________ after a successful entrepreneur.Could I call you by your first _______ ?practiceI’ve _________ playing the piano for five years.It is his __________ to take a walk after dinner every evening.doubtwhether he will continue to be successful in the future is open to ________.I ________ if that was what he wanted.I’m still _________ whether I should accept this job.sproutHundreds of mushrooms had ________ up overnight.Add been ______ and cook another half minute.lavishIt was one of the most _______ weddings I’ve ever been to.He thought he would win her by ______ her with expensive gifts.shareSue _______ a house with three other students.Would you like to ________ your experience with the rest of the group?He’d had more than his fair _______ of adventure.betI would’ t __________ on them winning the next election.Bookmakers are already taking _______ on the election.Our best _______ would be to take the train.separateRaw meat must be kept _______ from cooked meat.He ________ form his wife after 20 years of marriage.He said he understood her doubts and perhaps a trial ________ maight be the answer. respectiveThey are each recognized specialists in their _______fieds.In terms of population, California and New York rank first and second __________. roostToday the country’s nationalists rule the ________ and hand out the jobs.After years of overspending, the chickens have come home to _________.increaseThe government is alarmed by the dramatic _______ in violent crime.________, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones.Hight consumption of alcohol _______ the risk of liver disease.huntWhales are still being _______ and killed in the Arctic.There are several different __________ in the area.The couple had helped in the _______ for the toddlers.Job _______takes a lot of effort and can be a long, depressing process.RaiseSomehow we managed to _______ her to her feet.Library employees have not received a ________ for six years.There was a ________ platform and a blackboard at the far end of the room.cryDon’t _______down her real achievements.Her answer was greeted with ________ of outrage.There is a ________need for a place where our young people can meet.master mastery masterpieceIt’s one of the greatest _________ of Western art.I never quite _______ the art of walking in hight heels.He doesn’t have _______ of the basi c rules of grammar.commit commission commitmentHe has clearly _______ his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. You can ________ them to paint something especially for you.She doesn’t want to make a big emotional _________ to S teve at the moment. execute executive executionFranklin is in charge of __________ the company’s reorganization plan.The solicitor are proceeding with the ________ of her mother’s will.He sits on the _________ committee that manages the bank.present presentation representBear’s Café needs to pay more attention to _________ and taste.The goddess is _________ as a woman with cow’s horns.The sword was ________ by the family to the museum.Were you _______ when the news was announced.innovator inventor investorThe patent lists six __________ who work on the system.Foreign _________ have shown considerable interest in the venture.Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great military _________breath breathle breathless breathtakingWe had to stop for _______before we got to the top.She lay awake listening to her sister’s steady _________.The bank ‘s new online service is still growing at a ________ pace.I was a little _________and may heartbeat was bumpy and fast.physical physiological psychologicalThe emotional and _______ strain of the preyious day had left him exhaustedThe drug produced no obvious ________ response.Robyn’s loss of memory is a __________ problem, rather than a physical one.routine disciplineMartial arts teach respect, _________, and cooperation.We are trying to get the baby into a ________ of feeding and sleeping.You must _________ yourself to finish your work on time.perform perfect properYou’re g etting better you just need a little more ______.The new drug has _________ well in tests.Gemma spent hours trying to ________ her technique.In those days it was not thought entirely _________ for a women to be on the stage. resistance reaction response reconciliationA. The decision provoked an angry ________ from local residents.B. It took hours of negotiations to bring about a ________ between the two sides.C. The demonstrators offered little or no _________ to the police.D. There has been no ________ to his remarks from the government.SeverityDrug smugglers can expect _________ penalties.“I will not allow that kind of behavior in my class,” the teacher said _______.We didn’t realize the _________ of her illness.varietyI was impressed by the _______ of dishes offered.He decided to leave school for ________ reasons.Which ________ of tomato grows well here?separateWrite a list of names on a ________ piece of paper.Can the engine and the gearbox be supplied _________?The children were ________ into groups for the game.In the case of _______ or divorce, the children’s need should come first.associateMost people immediately ________ addictions with drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.She was only the ________ producer of the movie.Food served on holidays have special ________.majorMGM, Paramount, and Columbia are all ________companies in the film industry.There were calls for _______ changes to the welfare system.This treatment is not available in the vast _______ of hospitals.identifyThe ________ of the accident victims took some time.Mang of those arrested refused to _________ themselves.She applied for a teaching job under a false __________.perceiveChildren who do bably in school tests often _______ themselves to be failures.He interviewed each senor manager on his _______of the company and the state of the industry.Children can be amazingly ________ about adults’ moods.primaryGood health care is of ______importance.Counseling was given as a ________ therapy for depression.We’re _________ concerned with keeping expenditures down.minimzeThe ________ number of students we need to run the course is 15.He always tried to _______ his own faults, while exaggerating those of others.One aim of these reforms is effective defense with ______ expenditure.depressionHe has been suffering form ________since his wife died last year.The recession has _________ the housing market.I find this weather so _______increaseMarketing techniques are becoming ________ sophisticated.The country is enjoying the greatest _______ in business confidence for years.The chances of having twins _______with a mother’s age.respondThe exhibition has received a positive _______ from visitors.More than 50 people ________ to the advertisement.Sixty percent of the _______ said they disapproved of the president’s performance.1. employment2.paid3.adjust4.setting5.discouraged6. credit7.cite8.demonstrate9.teamwork 10.rulesThe independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific .1)____________ academic and industrial .For decades ,academia has 2)____________lip service to the idea of collaboration but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to 3)_________.Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic 4)__________,collaboration remains informal and is actually 5)___________by the tenure process in which scholars are penalized for sharing 6)______________for their work with others .Large-scale academic collaboration has taken place successfully in the past ;the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research ,and numerous experimental particle physics projects ,to 7)_____________just a few examples ,are not perhaps academic in the purest sense ,but they 8)_____________that academic scientists can play well with others .More recently ,new systems biology studies are bringing a sense of9)_____________into academic life science labs ,but there have been some growing pains .Still ,in most of science-including the life science-the lone wolf still 10)____________.1 integration2 choice3 handed4 aspiring5 steaming6masterpieces 7) pleasure 8partake 9 amazing 10 presentedCuisine in China is a harmonious 1)____________ of color , taste ,shape and fragrance .For the cooking process ,chefs pick 2)____________ and varied ingredients and seasonings and employ the unparalleled and complicated skills 3)______________ down from their fathers ,always 4)____________ to their ideal of perfection for all the senses .Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling stewing,braising,frying,5) _________ ,crisping baking ,simmering .When they finish their 6)_______________ they are arranged on a variety of plates and dishes so that they are a real 7)________________ to view ,to smell and ultimately to savor .The facility to 8)___________of these delights is also distinctive-chopsticks! To see even the smallest child eat with such dexterity is quite 9)_____________ for many foreigners .The use of two simple sticks in this way is an art in itself and chopsticks haye determined the way in which Chinese food is 10)_______________ at the table .1) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important 5) whomever 6) candidates7) highly 8) essential 9) suitable 10) sufficientIf we look at love in other countries and cultures ,we find many variations. In societies like India ,love is not necessarily an 1)_______________for marriage .Even highly educated Indian men and women who 2)____________non-Indians while living in Western countries often consent to arranged marriages .3)___________ for parent's wishes, family traditions ,and duty to the kin group are more 4)______________than love .Most middle-and upper-middle class women in India can marry 5)____________ they want .Many ,however ,prefer arranged marriages and have veto power over undesirable 6)______________According to one 7)____________educated woman in Calcutta who has been happily married for three years to a man she had met just three times before their engagement ,love isn’t 8)_____________for marital happiness :”I liked ,but no one was 9)____________for marriage ,because I was looking for practicality also.Love is important, but it’s not 10)______________.1 written2 practiced3 adapted4 fundamental5 soul6 described7 mental8 state of being9 pictured 10 exercises11 control 12 experiences 13including 14 individuals 15 medicalYoga is a ancient system of relaxation , exercise ,and healing with origins in Indian Philosophy. Early descriptions of yoga are 1)_________ in Sanskrit ,the classical literary language of India .The first Known work is The yoga Sutras, written more than 2,000 years ago ,although yoga may have been 2)__________up to 5,000 years ago .The initial concepts have been 3)__________over time through translation and scholarly interpretation ,but the 4)____________principles describing the practice of yoga in the quest of the 5)____________remain largely intact .Yoga has been 6)__________as “the union of mind ,body ,and spitit ” ,which addresses physical,7)_____________,intellectual ,emotional and spiritual dimensions towards an overall harmonious 8)_________The philosophy of yoga is sometime 9)___________as a tree with eight branche .These eight limbs are : pranayama (breathing exercises),asana (physical postures) , yama (moral ehavior ). Niyama (healthy habit) ,dharana (concentration) , prathyahara (sense withed rawal) dhyana (contemplation),and Samadhi (higher consciousness). There schools vary in the proportions of the 10)____________ of the eight limbs .Howeve，they are all similar in working towards the goal of self-realization and 11)______________ of mental ,physiological ,and psysiological,and psychological parameters through yogic 12)_____________ In the United States and Europe ,hatha yoga is commonly practiced ,13)____________ pranayama and asanas. Yoga is often practiced by health 14)__________ with the aim to achieve relaxation ,fitness ,and a healthy lifestyle .Yoga is often practiced by health 14)____________with the aim to achieve relaxation ,fitness ,and a healthy lifestyle .Yoga has also been recommended and used for a variety of 15)___________conditions .Yoga techniques can be learned in classes or through videotape instruction .Classes last from 30 to 90 minutes and are offered at various skill levels .。
研究生英语期末考试模拟试题（学生版）（1）
研究生英语期末考试模拟试题（学生版）（1）ENGLISH TEST FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS（1）PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked abort what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He doesn’t like classic music.B. He feels sorry to decline the offer.C. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn’t got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage.B. At the restaurant.C. At the supermarket.D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn’t always listen.B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It’s unusual that Tony missed the interview.D. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor.B. An operator.C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35B. $3.50C. $3.05D. $30.57. A. He has something wrong with his watch.B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn’t attend Professor Smith’s class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman’s coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there wi11be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Mini-talk One10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at home.B. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from home.C. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor Society.D. A national top competition.Mini-talk Two13. A. Importance of biodiversity.B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato.15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support life.B. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the notes below as you listen. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down youranswers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below.Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16) There are several ____________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17) 1：____________________________________________________________________ ____18) 2: ____________________________________________________________________ _____19) 3: ____________________________________________________________________ _____20) 4: ____________________________________________________________________ _____PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Eachquestion is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researchers.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.31. ______ this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his ______ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ______ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important ______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ______ sixyears of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______ between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ______ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold amillion earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a highrisk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each_______, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART 错误！未找到引用源。
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研究生期末英语试题V ocabulary1 The password will prevent others from tinkering ____ your dataA onB toC withD at2 McDonald refused to elaborate ____ his reasons for resigning.A atB onC toD about3 The ____ for employment in the technology sector sre especially good right now.A prosperityB prosperousC prophecyD prospects4 Experts agreed that it was a truly _____ performanceA sensationalB senseC sensibleD sensitive5 The _____ of the economy is still uncertainA sightB viewC outlookD vision6 The roads were ____ with mud and rainwater.A awashB washingC washedD wash7 Think twice before you _____A springB leapC jumpD hip8 He left a ____ of muddy footprintsA trackB traceC printD trail9 Terri keeps ____ into tears for no reasonA burstingB outburstC breakingD outbreak10 They continue to fight in the face of ____A adversityB adverseC adviseD adversary11_____ the severe cold, tourism was ______ full swing.A.Though.....onB. Despite.......onC. Though.....inD. Despite.......in12 In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ______ concern of state governments.A.extinctB. excludingC. ExcessiveD. Exclusive13 They climbed to the top of the hill _______ they could get a bird’s eye view of the city.A.For fear thatB. In order toC. In caseD. As a result14He found Irene _____ at the piano with her hands on the keys.A.SeatingB. SeatedC. SeatD. To seat15Noise pollution generally receives less attention than _____ air pollution.A.DoesB. It doesC. ReceivesD. It does over16Working under the new expert who always encourages creativity in young people, we have been _____ with better ideas in test design.ing downB. Coming outC. Coming alongD. Coming up17Label on a bottle of medicine: It is dangerous to exceed the stated_______ .A.DropsB. MeasureC. DoseD. Limit18Get him to sign the contract before he has second _____ .A.PlansB. ThoughtsC. IntentionsD. Ideas19It was difficult to ______ a date which was convenient for everyone. A.Decide B. Arrange C. Organize D. Provide20The poem is difficult to understand because it contains so many ______ references.A.ObscureB. AcuteC. NotableD. Objective Answers:1~5 C B D A C 6~10 A B D A A11~15 D D B B A 16~20 D C B B AReading ComprehensionText 1On July 4, 1776, a secret meeting of insurgent colonists in America passed the Declaration of Independence. War against the British had already been going on for over a year, so the declaration came as the climax of years of stormy events in America.The impetus for the American Revolution was the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which ended the struggle between the British and French for control over North America. Since the colonists were no longer frightened by the French, they ceased to rely upon the British for protection and were not as submissive as they were formerly. On the other hand, the British regarded the colonies as a source of revenue andbegan to impose unfair taxes upon them. The Sugar Act in 1764 and the Stamp Act in 1765 were so eagerly opposed by discontented colonists that rioting broke out. The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 as a result of the riots.The British continued their policy of taxation without collaboration with their once obedient subjects. The Townshend Acts (a series of taxes on glass, lead, paper and tea) created such disgust that the citizens of Boston attacked British soldiers who fired upon them. A new tea tax in 1773 again consolidated Boston residents’ disagreement. About fifty men disguised as Indians boarded British ships and got rid of their cargo of tea in protest against the tea tax. That was the famous Boston Tea Party. In reprisal, the British abolished the Bostonians’right to self-rule, and bypassing what were referred to as Intolerable Acts in Boston, they infuriated all of the colonies and caused them to unite in protest.Representatives from twelve colonies gathered in Philadelphia in 1774 to plan a stratagem to avoid British interference in trade and to protest the infamy of taxation without representation. The British responded that the colonies were in rebellion, and, since nothing would soothe either side, both sides prepared for war.1.According to the passage, the first violent protest against the British was made in_______A. 1776B. 1765C. 1770D. 17732.We are told that the colonists did not need the British after the Treaty of Paris, because the former_______A.Were independentB.B. Didn’t like to pay taxesC. Made a treaty with the FrenchD. Didn’t need protection from an enemy3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.About 15 men disguised as Indians boarded British ships.B.The impetus of the American Revolution was the Treaty of Paris in 1776.C.The Stamp Act in 1764 was opposed by discontented colonists.D.A new tea tax in 1773 again consolidated Boston residents’disagreement.4. What did the colonists gather in Philadelphia to do?A. Wrote the Declaration of IndependenceB. Rid a ship of its cargoC. Rioted as a result of the Stamp ActD. Created a plan to avoid British interference in trade.5. The best title for this passage is _______.A.The American RevolutionB.The Temperament of the ColonistsC.The Causes of the American RevolutionD.The Effects of the American RevolutionText 2The invention of the snow house by the Eskimo was one of the greatest triumphs over environment that man has ever accomplished.In the Arctic Circle, it is not that people lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence.Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone and bones of animals. All of these have been used for dwellings and storage places, differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers.The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes the houses more impervious to the cold. Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very apt to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual construction of such tents is similar to that used by other, more southerly tribes.The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation.Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the ingeniousness of the art is worth recording, and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses.It is essential that the snow itself be of the right kind. It must be taken from a bank formed by a single storm, or the blocks will break when cut. The snow must be very fine-grained but not too hard to be cut with a snow knife.As Point Barrow, Alaska, houses of snow are used only temporarily; for example, at the hunting grounds on the rivers, and occasionally byvisitors at the village who prefer having their own quarters. These houses are not built in the dome or beehive shape. The walls are made of blocks of snow, high enough so that a person can stand up inside the rooms.Outside at the south end, a low, narrow, covered passage of snow leads to a low door. Above this is a window made of seal entrails. The door of the house is protected by a curtain of canvas. At the other end, the floor is raised into a kind of settee on which are laid boards and skins. 6.According to the author, the building of the snow house was necessary because of _______A.The inhabitants’ lack of ability and industryB.The extreme cold temperaturesC.The large expense involved in shipping raw materials to the Arctic Circle.D.The surroundings, which restrict any building to what is essential7.Which of the following is NOT commonly available for building houses in the Arctic Circle.A.StoneB. Animal bonesC. TimberD. Snow and ice8.After the long winter, the Eskimo family is likely to__________A. Move into a sealskin tentB. Build an underground dwellingC. Continue living in the snow houseD. Move to town and live in a regular house9.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The construction of a sealskin tent is similar to that used by other tribes who live in more southern regionB. The snow house is an interesting, unique and ingenious habitationC. Snow houses are built partly below the surface of the ground to make the house warmer.D. The window of a snow house is made of thin sealskin.10.The author’s attitude toward the invention of snow houses by Eskimo is ________A. ImpartialB. AdmiringC. SympatheticD. CriticalText 3Almost all of us have heard about General Motors trying to sell theirNova model in Latin America and finding out that “ no va” in Spanish literally means “ it doesn’t go”. And of course, there was the famous first try of Coca Cola in China, when the translation of soft drink’s name read “bite the wax tadpole”.But cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation. There are subtleties and nuances to every culture, and there are just plain taboos. Although most people wouldn’t be able to list the rules of their own culture, they certainly know when those rules are violated. Our own culture tends to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or exotic. So how much more difficult is it to discern the unwritten rules of another country?There is still no substitute for a visit to the target market. When in a foreign place, you’ll undoubtedly become aware of different aesthetics. What flowers, which colors, are used to attract buyers there? Foods you find unpalatable and decorations you find garish have completely different effects on the natives. Your hosts might ask seemingly rude questions such as “How old are you?”and “How much money do you make?” Meals, schedules, transportation, and personal conveniences can’t be taken for granted. Prices for the simplest purchases are subject to negotiation. You haven’t figured out all the small coins, and you don’tunderstand anyone’s name. And it just doesn’t smell like home.11 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of following sentence from the paragraph. “Cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation.”A Cultural awareness in marketing is virtually equivalent to careful translation.B Careful translation is a fundamental component of cultural awarenessC Cultural awareness in marketing goes beyond mere translation.D Cultural awareness is more easily developed than is careful translation.12 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of following sentence from the paragraph. “Our own cultural tends to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or exotic.”A We usually don’t notice things in our culture, but we are prone to think things in foreign settings are strange, interesting or exotic.B We may not be aware of our own culture whereas foreign cultures may suddenly attract our attentionC Our own culture is intangible to us, but other cultures appear to be eye-catchingD It’s unnecessary for us to notice our own culture, but it is important to study other strange, funny or exotic cultures.13 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of followingsentence from the paragraph. “Prices for the simplest purchases are subject to negotiation.”A It’s easy for people to agree on prices for small items.B Even prices for the simplest purchases tend to fluctuate.C People can also bargain over prices for the simplest purchases.D Prices for the simplest purchases are a constant topic among people14 The example of “the first try of Coca Cola in China” reflected:A Translation of the product is less important.B Translation of the product is not important.C Cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more important.D Cultural awareness in marketing is less important.15 “subtleties and nuances” in paragraph 2 means:A elegance and graceB similarities and samenessC a very slight, hardly noticeable variationsD a very slight, hardly noticeable differenceAnswers:1~5 B D D D C 6~10 D C A D B 11~15 C A C C DWord BankA wolf gives out a deep chesty bawl in the valley one night. It1) _____from rimrock to rimrock. Every living thing 2) _____ the call.Although it has different 3) _____ meanings to different animals, it is only mountains that can listen 4)_____ to the call, because it has lived lone enough. Those who can’t 5) _____ the hidden meaning of the howl can still sense the wolves’ 6)_____ through their tracks, sights or sounds.7) _____ the fact is, I believe that the mountains have a secret opinion about the wolves.This 8) _____ on this score dates 9)_____ the day when I witnessed a wolf die. We thought we saw a doe when we were eating lunch on a high rimrock. When we realized that it was a wolf and there were still a half dozen others, we 10) _____ at them out of excitement and 11) _____ . At that time, I thought I helped the hunters, 12) _____, when I saw the green fire die in the wolf’s eyes, I found I might be wrong.Since then, I have seen the 13) _____ of wolves state 14)_____ state, which eventually lead to nearly 15)_____ mountains. The same is trueto16) _____ the herd to fit the range. All creatures in the valley 17) _____ each other, and they should be kept 18)_____ balance. If one link breaks down, it might cause dramatic change to others. We all 19) _____ for safety, prosperity, comfort, long life, and dullness, but too much safety to 20)_____ only danger in the long run.Answers:1 echoes2 pays heed to3 hidden4 objectively5 decipher6 presence7 Whatever8 conviction9 from 10 shot 11 trigger-itch 12however13 slaughter 14 after 15 bare 16 trim17 are connected to 18 in 19 strive 20 yieldWriting：Academic Dishonesty on CampusRecent surveys show that a lot of college students download papers from the Internet to save the trouble of doing the assignments. This kind of academic dishonesty does harm to the students.要求写三段：第一段：明确陈述你的观点其次段：具体说明缘由第三段：给出结论Oral English：1 Give some examples to Chinese taboos2 Suppose you have been asked to talk about “Doing business inChina”to a group of foreign business people. What tips on doing business in China would you include in your speech?3 Why should we preserve biodiversity? What benefits can it bring aboutto human beings?4 Do you think it possible to strike a balance between ecological sustainability and the developmental needs of people?5 “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clear to the bone”Do you agree with the saying? Why or why not?6 “For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self.”Do you accept his idea? Support your answers with examples.7 “The more you use the Web, the more you have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing.”Do you have such problem? How you will cope with the problem?8 As you can see, the human race has made great strides in science and technology, which has dramatically changed our daily lives. In your opinion, do you think science and technology is an angel or a monster? Use examples to illustrate your point.9 Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this?10 What should be the role of schooling in one’s education?文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。