2014中石油勘探开发研究院博士英语
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
中石油职称英语词汇
中石油职称英语词汇中石油职称英语词汇是指与中国石油公司职称相关的英语词汇。
作为中国最大的石油和化工企业，中国石油公司拥有众多的职称，涵盖了各个职能部门和岗位。
掌握中石油职称英语词汇对于从事石油行业的人员来说，是一种必备的能力。
以下是一些与中石油职称相关的英语词汇：1. Petroleum Engineer（石油工程师）: A professional who specializes in the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas.2. Geologist（地质学家）: A scientist who studies the origin, history, and structure of the Earth's crust, with a focus on identifying potential oil and gas reservoirs.3. Reservoir Engineer（油藏工程师）: A specialist in the evaluation and management of oil and gas reservoirs, including optimizing production methods and estimating reserves.4. Drilling Engineer（钻井工程师）: An expert in planning and overseeing the drilling of oil and gas wells, ensuring safe and efficient operations.5. Production Engineer（生产工程师）: A professional responsible for optimizing oil and gas production processes, including managing equipment and troubleshooting production issues.6. Pipeline Engineer（管道工程师）: An engineer who designs, constructs, and maintains pipelines for transporting oil and gas over long distances.7. Refinery Operator（炼油厂操作员）: A technician responsible for operating and maintaining equipment in oil refineries, ensuring the efficient conversion of crude oil into various petroleum products.8. Safety Inspector（安全检查员）: A professional who conducts inspections and audits to ensure compliance with safety regulations and procedures in the oil and gas industry.9. Environmental Specialist（环境专家）: An expert in environmental regulations and practices, responsible for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of oil and gas operations.10. Project Manager（项目经理）: A professional who oversees the planning, execution, and control of oil and gas projects, ensuring they are completed on time and within budget.11. Finance Analyst（财务分析师）: An expert in financial analysis and planning, responsible for evaluating the financial performance of oil and gas projects and providing recommendations for improvement.以上只是中石油职称英语词汇中的一部分，涵盖了石油行业的各个方面。
英译汉----中石化
英译汉考纲解读通过分析总结历年中石化职称英语考试的翻译部分试题，我们发现中石化职称英语考试翻译部分考查的目的和要求很明确：考生需具备的一定的技巧和能力，掌握必备的专业词汇，能够运用一定的翻译策略进行英译汉，且译文通顺，用词准确，无明显语法错误、错译和漏译。
本部分正是根据中石化职称英语考试真题的能力要求编写而成的，力求在提高考生的快速提高、正确进行英译汉，培养考生的翻译技巧和能力等方面给予考生尽可能多的、有效的指导和启发。
第一章科技英语的特点及文体风格1. 科技英语的语言特点概述任何作品均有自己特定的文体，文体不同，翻译方法也要因之而异。
试观察下列片断的原文及译文。
"You are quiet tonight, Steve. Did something happen at work today?""You bet it did. The company is having some real problems. I may lose my job.""Oh, Steve, tell me all about it.""It's so depressing. I hate talking about it. Sales have dropped during the last year.""But you've been the top salesman for three years in a row. ""I know, but they are talking about letting all the newer employees go.""That is not fair. You have brought in a lot of money.""I agree. But it's got to do with the politics of the company."“斯蒂夫。
2009～2014年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
2009中石油职称英语水平考试试卷类型：23 I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. The Chinese nation has __ significantly to the progress of human civilization.A. relatedB. contributedC. owedD. attached【解析】2007版第60课第3段，to contribut to + n.2. The bees __ out of their hive.A. flockedB. swarmedC. packedD. crowded【解析】2007版第47课第3段3. The __ school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the students' time is spent in classes, studying lessons.A. normalB. ordinaryC. regularD. commonly【解析】2007版第5课第4段4. He showed me how to turn on the lights and __ the air-conditioner.A. adjustB. adoptC. treatD. remedy【解析】2007版第38课第1段5. I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front stepsto__.A. discoverB. recoverC. dissolveD. retreat【解析】2007版第41课第25段6. Travel and __ were changed when the steamship was invented.A. transportationB. tradidonC. transmissionD. transformation【解析】2007版第59课第8段7. Mr. Smith finally lost his __ and fouled Lincoln by grinding his foot with a boot heel.A. mindB. temperC. moodD. passion【解析】2007版第34课第5段8. Ants don't carry calendars around with them, but they show amazing accuracy __ the day of the year.A. in caseB. such asC. so thatD. as to【解析】2007版第47课第9段9. Schlesinger's __ task was to meld all headquarters, field, and staff programs into a unified department.A. initialB. initiativeC. initiateD. initiation【解析】2007版第41课第25段10. __ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A. In stead ofB. In spite ofC. In search ofD. Because of【解析】2007版第14课最后一段11. The first step is to __ your problem and go to work on it.A. recognizeB. revengeC. recollectD. receive【解析】2007版第26课第6段12.1 __ into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.A. work outB. set outC. make outD. put out【解析】2007版第41课第20段13. Smoking also __ the heart and blood vessels.A. inclinesB. affectsC. effectsD. surplus【解析】2007版第19课第6段14. I believe in the __ worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.A. superiorB. surplusC. supremeD. suppress【解析】2007版第7课第5段15. By November 1973 oil supplies were critically low, creating the most __shortages of energy since World War II,A. rigidB. acuteC. denseD. urgent【解析】2007版第28课第4段16. There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could __ energy.A. assembleB. gatherC. generateD. yield【解析】2007版第16课第5段17. I am unable to __ what he is saying.A. concentrate onB. concentrate inC. finish withD. finish off【解析】2007版第57课第16段18. America's early __ were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlersB. inherentsC. residentsD. lodgers【解析】2007版第39课第4段19. The U.S., generally acknowledged to be a step __ Britain on biofuel, has an estimated 600 stations that offer E85 (a fuel made of 85 percent bioethanol).A. in excess ofB. in advanceC. ahead ofD. in front of【解析】2007版第53课第14段20. Your speech class will make your nervousness work for you __ against you.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than【解析】2007版第21课第4段II. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. My husband's arm got hurt __ the iron tower.A. while we were climbing upB. while he is climbing upC. while he climbed upD. while we climbed up【解析】92四级，动词时态22. You __ me because I didn't say that.A. must have misunderstoodB. had to misunderstandC. must misunderstandD. must be misunderstanding【解析】大纲模拟题第2套第40题，情态动词23. The word's supplies of petroleum __A. are gradually exhaustedB. are being gradually exhaustedC. have been gradually being exhaustedD. have gradually exhausted【解析】大纲模拟题第6套第32题，被动语态，动词时态24. The police __ the records of all those involved in the crime.A. looking intoB. being looked intoC. is looking intoD. are looking into【解析】考研练习，主谓一致25. The modem __ long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in length.A. 7-inchedB. 7-inchC. 7-inchsD. 7-inches【解析】2007版第42课第18段，固定用法26. We regret __ you that the computers you ordered are out of stock.A. informingB. to informC. having informedD. m have informed【解析】05年专升本，动词不定式27. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground.A. had he arrivedB. he have arrivedC. he should arriveD. did he arrived【解析】倒装句28. The medical record shows that it was the drag, not the disease, __ killed him him several years ago.A. thatB. finallyC. the effects of whichD. the effect of which【解析】强调句29. Sound travels __ air.A. through water faster andB. where it is faster through water than throughC. faster through water than throughD. faster than through water and【解析】副词比较级30. Liquid water changes to vapor, __ is called evapA. whichB. whatC. thatD. it【解析】定语从句31. If I __ you, I would go to look for him.A. wasB. wereC. would beD. am【解析】虚拟语气32. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, __ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A. whileB. sinceC. asD. after【解析】as 的用法33. All flights __ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled【解析】独立主格34. What's the matter? I smell something.A. burnB. burnsC. burningD. being burned【解析】现在分词35. It's very nice __ you to help me.A. forB. inC. likeD. of【解析】介词36. My grandfather has decided to make me go back to college immediately, study my lessons carefully, and __ .A. attain my master's degreeB. a master's degree must be attainedC. must attain my master's degreeD. to my master's degree I have to attain【解析】并列结构37. The habit of __ regular hours is of extreme importance to successful learning.A. keepB. keepingC. to keepD. kept【解析】动名词38. __ brings us together is __ we have common interests which transcend those differences.A. That, thatB. That, whatC. What, whatD. What, that【解析】主语从句，宾语从句39. __ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A. Looked atB. To look atC. Looking atD. To be looked at【解析】过去分词40.1 decided to go to the concert as soon as I __.A. finish what I didB. finished what I was doingC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I did【解析】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Washington D.C. was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance. Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanent home for themselves and for departments, such as the Treasury, th e Patent Office, and so on, which even the sketchiest of central government would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end tocongressional bickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designated federal district. Not much to anyone's surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of land on the banks of the Potomac River,a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation, Mount Vernon.The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the time it was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation and the rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. There is now a section of Washington that is commonly referred to as Foggy Bottom; that section bore the same nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown, flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities of the infant nation~harleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth--and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent.41. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The role of George Washington in the American RevolutionB. The first years of the United Slates CongressC. The governing of the federal districtD. The founding of Washington, D.C.42. In 1790 a large part of the federal district was__A. seashoreB. village squaresC. wildernessD. a flourishing port43. It can be inferred from the passage that the item "Foggy Bottom" in the second paragraph refers to a section of Washington, D.C. that__A. has the lowest population in the districtB. used to be the site of the national weather stationC. used to be mostly swamplandD. lies at the bottom of Mount Vernon44. Which of the following conclusions about the federal district is supported by the passage?A. George Washington's choice pleased almost everyoneB. Mount Vernon was not chosen because it was too close to the riverC. Congress was unable to agree on a locationD. Congress did not believe that a home for the federal government was necessaryQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dn Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely... I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed!Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me... Your thoughts drift on.Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining." Ouch!So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that e xtra thinking time to work--on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you."That's-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening.Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say,your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45. From this piece we learn thatA. there is a difference between heating and listeningB. listening requires little skillC. deafness is much more common than most people supposeD. it is easier to listen alone than in a group46. Poor listening can be attributed toA. faults within ourselvesB. bad habitsC. distracting outside influencesD. all of the above47. Because thought is faster than speechA. we know what the speaker will sayB. we have time to formulate argumentsC. we should avoid letting our minds wander aimlessly aheadD. it is best to have a speaker who talks very fast48. Listening is often difficult whenA. the speaker argues against your pet ideasB. the speaker's voice is poorC. you do not watch the speakerD. the room is poorly ventilatedQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Antarctica is a very large area of the earth's surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied. More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all this barrenness and cold, what is there of value?First, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents . Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountain system known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese ore and rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are important only as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort has begun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth of the International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics to include mapping and biology.There are other possible economic values. Several intercontinental air routes lie across portions of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; the Russians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea "farming."But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of research from the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biological laboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study of epidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kinds of observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole; from it all directions are north, and during th e six months of darkness the stars circle around a point directly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and has maintained it ever since.Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of the heavens remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to play a unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nil parts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. The South Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatc hing the data from space, processing them in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed. But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largely unknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is t he heart and soul of all science, it cannot be ignored.49. A laboratory at McMurdo Sound is making a study ofA. the common coldB. plant life in the AntarcticC. man's adaptability to extreme coldD. sea life50. Antarctic's mineral resources are best described asA. of low quniityB. uncertain but potentially importantC. vital to world energy needsD. non-existent51. As a spot where radar antennae might be effective, Antarctic is important becauseA. there is plenty of fuel to make the elecuicity needed to operate radarB. in the cold, clear air, metal would not rustC. a scanning station at the South Pole could cover the whole southern hemisphereD. the cold clear air would help radar see clearly52. To a scientist the main reason for exploring the Antarctic isA. the fact that we know little about itB. the fact that it has many unusual featuresC. the benefits to mankindD. the opportunity to study the weatherQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis guarantee covers all Ryerson industrial tools.Dates of Coverage: All Ryerson industrial tools are guaranteed for 5 years from the date of receipt at the customer's factory or industrial facility.Type of Coverage: This guarantee covers all major tool failures clearly attributable to tool design or construction, and not ordinary wear and tear. Thiscoverage also does not extend to situations where the customer has placed the tools under exceptional stress not ordin arily encountered in industrial processes.Coverage Cancellation: This guarantee plan will be canceled in the case of fraud or misrepresentation by the customer. The notification of cancellation will be sent to the customer's e-mail provided at the time of purchase.Coverage Alteration: This coverage may be altered in the future as new product lines are introduced, or upgrades are introduced to existing product lines.Notice of any such alteration will be submitted to all customers by e-mail.Coverage Adjustment Notice:Ryerson Machine Tool GuaranteeThis supplementary notice is for all customers who have purchased Ryerson machine tools within the last two years.Adjustment: Recently, our firm has decided to end sales of the CV210 precision cutting tool in use in many of our customer's factories. Guarantees for these tools will end 90 days from the date of this notice.Discounts: Customers desiring to upgrade to our new CV211 precision tool as a replacement for the CV210 are eligible for 15% discounts for a period of 90 days from the date of this notice.Customers Continuing with CV210: Customers can elect to remain with the CV210, but will have to operate the tool without coverage from Ryerson.53. For whom is both information and notice intended?A. Potential customersB. Suppliers of industrial toolsC. Manufacturers of electronic componentsD. Purchasers of industrial devices54. Which kind of coverage is NOT provided?A. Use of the machine tools in conjunction with competitor productsB. Failure due to design specifications of the manufacturerC. Use of the tools in extraordinary production environmentsD. Failure m notify the manufacturer of a flaw within 90 days55. What is one of the reasons for issuing the supplementary notice?A. Ryerson is offering newer versions of an existing model.B. New customers may advance order a new product online.C. Ryerson has decided to end sales of the CV211 precision cutting tool.D. All customers will receive 15% discounts for a certain period.56. What will happen to users of the CV210 in the future?A. They may not have access to Ryerson technical and industrial informatiolB. They will not be able to use the tool because of its frequent failures.C. They may not receive information about further upgrades.D. They may continue to have it serviced for payments.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:I don't know how I became a writer, but I think it was of a certain force in me that I had to write. And that force finally burst through and found a channel. My people were of the working class. My father, a stone-cutter, was a man with a great respect f or literature. He had a tremendous memory, and he loved poetry. The poetry that he loved best was naturally of the rhetorical kind. Nevertheless it was good poetry--Hamlet's soliloquy, Macbeth, Mark Antony's "Funeral Oration", Grey's "Elegy" , and all the rest of it. I heard it all as a child; I memorized and learned it all.He sent me to the state university.The desire to write, which had been strong during all my days in high school, grew stronger still. I was editor of the college paper, the college magazine, etc., and in my last year or two I was a member of a course in playwriting which had just been established. I wrote several little one act plays, still thinking I would become a lawyer or a newspaper man, never daring to believe I could seriously become a writer. Then I went to Harvard, wrote some more plays, starting to think that I had to be a playwright. After leaving Harvard, I had my plays rejected. And finally in the autumn of 1926, I had a moment of literary inspiration that drove me forward to dedi cate my life to writing. But I have never exactly been able to determine ail these questions like how, why, or in what mannen Probably the force in me that had to write at last sought out its channel. I began to write my first book in London. I was living all alone at that time. 1 had two rooms---a bed room and a sitting room in a little square in Chelsea in which all the houses had that familiar, smoked brick and cream-yellow-plaster look.57. We may conclude, in regard to the author's development as a writer, fatherA. opposed his becoming a writerB. made an important contributionC. insisted that he choose writing as a careerD. insisted that he read Hamlet in order to learn how to be a writer58. The author believes that he became a wriler mostly because of__A. his special talentB, his study at HarvardC. a hidden urge within himD. his father's teaching and encouragement59. The author.A. went to Harvard to learn to write playsB. worked as a newspaper man before becoming a writerC. began to think of becoming a writer at HarvardD. had always been successful in his writing career60. The author really started on his way to become a writer.A. when he lived in LondonB. after he entered collegeC. when he was in high schoolD. when be was studying at HarvardSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 61 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 62 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 63 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life,and are the stock-in-trade (惯用言辞) of all who 64 the language. Such words may be called "popular," since they belong to the people 65 and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a multitude of words which are comparatively 66 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 67 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 68 from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formalconversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 69 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned," and the 70 between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.61. A. at B. through C. with D. by62. A. relatives B. members C. mates D. fellows63. A. in spite of B. even C. despite D. even if64. A. say B. practic C. applye D. speak65. A. in public B. at most C. at best D. at large66. A. frequendy B. seldom C. irregularly D. much67. A. occasion B. prospec C. way D. reason68. A. besides B. but C. and D. or69. A. theme B. problem C. topic D. question70. A. compariso B. contrast C. distinction D. similarityIV. TranslationDirections: There are 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passage into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级:China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is impo sing enormous demands on the environment. Unless them is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised. That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment.China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So ithas laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementation. Market econonfies are not selLregulating. They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely. But managing a market economy is a difficult task. It is a balancing act that must constantly respond to economic changes. China's llth five-year plan provides a roadmap for that response.B 级：China is about to adopt its llth five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.China recognizes that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.。
2014年石油工程学院院长奖获奖学生信息汇总表
2013年全国研究生暑期学校结业
第三届全国石油工程知识竞赛一等奖
第三届全国石油工程设计大赛单项组三等奖全国大学生英语竞赛国家三等奖（NECCS）第三届校园招聘模拟面试大赛中化特邀奖
第三届校园招聘模拟面试大赛三等奖
中国石油大学（北京）一等奖学金
中国石油大学（北京）优秀研究生
中国石油大学（北京）科技创新先进个人
中国石油大学（北京）三好学生
中国石油大学（华东）专业外语翻译比赛优秀奖中国石油大学（北京）“新生杯”篮球赛第二名中国石油大学（北京）研究生入学一等奖学金。
中国石油勘探开发研究院石油地质学2004-2009博士入学专业考试试题资料
中国石油勘探开发研究院博士入学专业考试试题石油地质学（2004年）一、名词解释（3*10）1、沥青垫:油气藏中沥青质含量相当富集的含油储层带。
2、溢出点；指流体充满圈闭后，开始溢出的位置点，称为圈闭的溢出点。
3、坡折带；地形坡度发生突变地带。
一般可分为构造坡折带、沉积坡折带、古地貌坡折带和侵蚀坡折带。
（受陡坡带及其坡折和坡脚明显控制的侵蚀和沉积作用活跃地带）4、旋光性：凡具有能够使偏光面发生旋转的特性，称为旋光性。
5、块状油气藏；指一种储油岩体内没被非渗透岩层间隔，仅顶部为非渗透岩层所覆盖，下部全为底水承托，不受岩层层面控制的呈块体形状的油气藏。
6、关键时刻；是指生烃灶大量生烃与油气在主要圈闭中发生大规模聚集的时间。
7、充满度；含油高度与闭合高度的比值。
8、相对渗透率；如果岩石空隙只有一种流体（单相）存在，而且这种流体不与岩石起任何物理和化学反应，在这种条件下所反映的渗透率为岩石的绝对渗透率。
在有多相流体存在时，岩石对其中每相流体的渗透率称为有效渗透率。
相对渗透率=有效渗透率/绝对渗透率。
9、基底胶结；是碎屑岩胶结类型之一。
碎屑颗粒彼此不相接触呈漂浮或游离状分散在填隙物内，这种结构表明碎屑颗粒与基质是同时沉积的。
若以杂基填隙物为主，它通常是高密度流（例如浊流、泥石流）的快速堆积的产物。
它又称杂基支撑。
若以化学沉淀填隙物为主，则是同生期、成岩早期的产物。
10、欠压实作用和欠压实带欠压实作用泥质岩石在压实过程中由于压实流体排出受阻或来不及排出，孔隙体积不能随上覆负荷增加而减少，导致孔隙流体承受了部分上覆沉积负荷，出现孔隙流体压力高于其相应的静水压力的现象称为欠压实现象。
二、隐蔽油气藏和岩性-地层油气藏的异同（20）隐藏油气藏：以岩性、地层油气藏和裂缝油气藏为主的，一般技术手段难以发现的油气藏。
（李丕龙，2006）岩性地层油气藏：主要是指沉积、成岩、构造与火山等作用而造成的地层削截、超覆、相变，使储集体在纵、横向上发生变化，并在三度空间形成圈闭和聚集油气而形成的油气藏。
中国石油大学博士英语考试真题 北京
中国石油大学博士英语考试真题北京全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1China University of Petroleum (CUP) is a well-known institution in Beijing, China. It offers a variety of courses for undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students. The doctoral English exam at CUP is a challenging test that assesses the students' proficiency in the English language. In this article, we will discuss the format and content of the CUP doctoral English exam, as well as provide some tips on how to prepare for it.The CUP doctoral English exam consists of four main sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Each section tests different skills and abilities, and all sections are equally important for scoring well on the exam.The listening section usually includes multiple-choice questions based on audio recordings of lectures or conversations. It is important for students to be able to understand the main ideas and details of the recordings in order to answer the questions correctly.The reading section tests the students' comprehension and analysis skills. It usually includes passages from academic articles or research papers, followed by questions that require the students to identify key points, analyze arguments, or make inferences.The writing section requires the students to write essays or reports on assigned topics. Students are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize their thoughts, express their ideas clearly and coherently, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.The speaking section assesses the students' oral communication skills. Students are usually asked to give presentations, engage in discussions, or respond to questions in a clear and concise manner.In order to prepare for the CUP doctoral English exam, students should start by familiarizing themselves with the test format and content. They can practice listening to English audio materials, reading academic articles, writing essays, and speaking in English with their peers or teachers. It is also helpful to take practice tests or mock exams to gauge their progress and identify areas where they need to improve.Additionally, students can benefit from taking English language courses or hiring a tutor to help them prepare for the exam. They can also utilize online resources, such as English language websites, forums, and study guides, to supplement their preparation.On the day of the exam, students should make sure to get plenty of rest, eat a nutritious breakfast, and arrive at the testing center early. They should also bring all necessary materials, such as identification documents, writing instruments, and any other items specified by the exam organizers.In conclusion, the CUP doctoral English exam is a challenging but important test for students who wish to pursue advanced degrees at China University of Petroleum. By following the tips and strategies outlined in this article, students can maximize their chances of success on the exam and demonstrate their proficiency in the English language.篇2China University of Petroleum (CUP) Doctoral English ExamThe Doctoral English Exam at China University of Petroleum (CUP) is an important test for prospective doctoral candidates. The exam evaluates the English language proficiency of studentswho wish to pursue a PhD at CUP. The exam consists of four sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and speaking. Each section assesses different aspects of the students' English abilities.In the reading comprehension section, students are required to read a series of passages and answer questions based on the content. The passages cover a range of topics related to science, technology, and society. This section tests the students' ability to understand and analyze complex written texts in English.The listening comprehension section gauges the students' ability to understand spoken English. Students listen to a series of recordings, such as lectures or conversations, and answer questions based on what they have heard. This section tests the students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts.The writing section requires students to write an essay on a given topic. Students are expected to demonstrate their ability to write clearly and coherently in English. They must also support their opinions with evidence and examples. This section assesses the students' writing skills and their ability to communicate effectively in written English.The speaking section tests the students' ability to communicate orally in English. Students are asked to discuss a given topic or respond to questions from the examiner. This section evaluates the students' fluency, pronunciation, and ability to express ideas verbally in English.Overall, the Doctoral English Exam at CUP is a comprehensive test that assesses the students' English language proficiency in reading, listening, writing, and speaking. It is an important requirement for prospective doctoral candidates at CUP, as English proficiency is essential for success in a PhD program. Students who perform well on the exam demonstrate their readiness to pursue advanced studies in English-medium programs at CUP.篇3Title: China University of Petroleum Ph.D. English Exam Sample Questions in BeijingIntroduction:China University of Petroleum (CUP), also known as the China University of Petroleum-Beijing, is a leading institution for petroleum engineering and geosciences in China. As part of the admission process for the Ph.D. program, prospective studentsneed to pass an English exam to demonstrate their proficiency in the language. This exam assesses their reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. In this article, we will provide a sample of the types of questions that may be encountered in the CUP Ph.D. English exam in Beijing.Reading Comprehension:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:The oil and gas industry plays a critical role in the global economy, providing energy for transportation, heating, and electricity generation. As the demand for energy continues to grow, the need for skilled professionals in the petroleum sector is also increasing. China, with its vast reserves of oil and gas, has become a key player in the global energy market.Questions:1. What role does the oil and gas industry play in the global economy?2. Why is there a growing demand for skilled professionals in the petroleum sector?3. How has China's role in the global energy market evolved in recent years?Writing:Write an essay on the following topic:"The Impact of Renewable Energy on the Future of the Oil and Gas Industry"Listening:Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions that follow:(Audio clip)Question:1. What is the main topic of the audio clip?Speaking:In this section, candidates will be required to engage in a conversation with the examiners on topics related to petroleum engineering, current trends in the oil and gas industry, and their research interests.Conclusion:The China University of Petroleum Ph.D. English exam in Beijing is an important step in the admission process for prospective students. By testing their proficiency in reading,writing, listening, and speaking, the exam ensures that candidates have the necessary language skills to succeed in their studies and research at CUP. Good luck to all the test-takers!。
中国石油勘探开发研究院博士导师介绍
地质资源与地质工程——李德生，男，中央大学（现南京大学）毕业，中国科学院院士，曾获AAPG国际石油地质学杰出成就奖章。
研究方向为中国含油气盆地构造学。
——翟光明，男，北京大学毕业，中国工程院院士，现任中国石油天然气集团公司咨询中心勘探部主任。
研究方向为区域构造和含油气沉积盆地。
——王涛，男，莫斯科古勃金石油大学毕业，研究方向为成藏条件及分布规律。
——胡见义，男，莫斯科石油学院硕士毕业，中国工程院院士，曾获全国科学大会个人突出贡献奖、孙越琦能源大奖、李四光地质科学奖、“有突出贡献的中青年科技专家”称号。
研究方向为石油地质与勘探，油气藏形成分布与分布理论。
——戴金星，男，南京大学毕业，中国科学院院士。
研究方向为石油天然气地质学与地球化学。
——邱中建，男，重庆大学毕业，中国工程院院士。
研究方向为石油及天然气成藏，石油勘探战略问题。
——贾承造，男，南京大学博士毕业，中国科学院院士，曾获孙越琦能源大奖、国家“九五”攻关先进个人，现任中国石油天然气股份有限公司副总裁。
研究方向为盆地构造地质与油气勘探。
——童晓光，男，南京大学研究生毕业，中国工程院院士，曾获国家科技进步特等奖、全国科学大会奖、孙越崎能源大奖，“国家中青年突出贡献专家”称号。
现任中国石油天然气勘探开发公司技术顾问。
研究方向为为石油地质与勘探。
——赵文智，男，中国石油勘探开发研究院博士毕业，李四光地质科学奖获得者，现为国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）天然气项目首席科学家，中国石油勘探开发研究院院长。
研究方向为石油地质综合研究与含油气系统评价。
——顾家裕，男，华东师范大学硕士毕业，研究方向为石油地质学和沉积储层。
——靳久强，男，德国国宾根大学博士毕业，现任中国石油勘探开发研究院研究生部主任，研究方向为板块构造与含油气盆地研究，石油地质综合研究，盆地动力学分析与模拟和区域层序地层学与油气勘探。
——薛良清，男，美国奥斯汀德克萨斯大学博士毕业，现任中国石油勘探开发公司非洲地区勘探项目组主任。
石油集团公司对外名称系列英文翻译
石油集团公司对外名称系列英文翻译公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-一、公司领导职务英文翻译集团公司：China National Petroleum Corporation 总经理： President副总经理： Vice President总会计师： Chief Financial Officer纪检组长： Chief of Discipline & Inspection Group、Vice President 总经理助理：Assistant President总法律顾问：General Counsel副总会计师：Deputy Chief Financial Officer副总经济师：Deputy Chief Economist副总工程师：Deputy Chief Engineer股份公司：PetroChina Company Limited董事长： Chairman, Board of Directors副董事长： Vice Chairman, Board of Directors董事： Director, Board of Directors监事会主席：Chairman, Board of Supervisors总裁： President副总裁： Vice President财务总监： Chief Financial Officer总工程师： Chief Engineer总地质师： Chief Geologist董事会秘书：Secretary, Board of Directors二、机关部门及处室职务英文翻译一、机关部门职务：1、办公厅、直属党委、××办公室、××部、××局：主任（总经理）： Director-General副主任（副总经理）： Deputy Director-General副总工程师： Deputy Chief Engineer副总经济师： Deputy Chief Economist副总会计师： Deputy Chief Accountant副总审计师： Deputy Chief Auditor2、专业公司：总经理： President副总经理：Vice President总工程师：Chief Engineer总经济师：Chief Economist总地质师：Chief Geologist总会计师：Chief Financial Officer3、董事会助理秘书：Assistant Secretary, Board of Directors纪委书记 Secretary,Disciplinary Inspection工会主席 Chairman, Worker’s Union4、处室主任、处长：Director副主任、副处长：Deputy Director二、下属子公司、分公司职务：总经理： President副总经理：Vice President（副）总工程师：(Deputy) Chief Engineer（副）总经济师：(Deputy) Chief Economist（副）总地质师：(Deputy) Chief Geologist（副）总会计师：(Deputy) Chief Accountant处室、处级办公室： Department处室主任、处长：Director副主任、副处长：Deputy Director科室： Division；科长： Chief；副科长：Deputy Chief三、机关部门及处室名称英文翻译四、专业技术职称英文翻译一、技术职称：工程师： Engineer会计师： Accountant经济师： Economist、、、、、、二、职称级别：“初级、高级”则分别译成：“A ssociate ××，Senior ××”。
中国石油国家工程硕博士联合培养项目招生、培养方案及评价标准制定
中国石油国家工程硕博士联合培养项目招生、培
养方案及评价标准制定
中国石油国家工程硕博士联合培养项目是中国石油勘探开发研究院研究生部（技术培训中心）的一个重要组成部分。
这个项目旨在培养高水平的石油工业人才，以满足中国石油工业的发展需求。
1. 招生方案：
中国石油国家工程硕博士联合培养项目的招生工作通常在每年的春季和秋季进行。
招生对象主要是针对中国石油系统内各单位推荐的优秀员工，以及部分具有突出学术成绩和研究潜力的外单位学生。
在招生过程中，会强调学生的综合素质和专业知识，并注重学生的实际工作经验和实践能力。
2. 培养方案：
该项目的培养方案主要包括专业课程学习、研究实践、学术交流和行业实践等多个方面。
其中，专业课程学习是培养学生掌握扎实的专业知识和技能的基础环节；研究实践主要是通过参与导师的研究项目，培养学生的研究能力和解决问题的能力；学术交流部分包括参加学术会议、专题讲座等，提高学生的学术素养和交流能力；行业实践则是安排学生在石油工业相关单位进行实习，增强学生的实践能力和行业认知。
3. 评价标准制定：
评价标准是保证硕博士联合培养项目质量的重要手段。
该项目采用综合评价方法，主要包括学术成果、研究能力、综合素质等多
个方面。
学术成果主要考察学生的论文发表情况、学术会议参与情况等；研究能力则通过学生的研究项目完成情况、学术报告质量等方面进行评估；综合素质则包括学生的团队协作能力、沟通能力、领导力等方面的表现。
中国石油国家工程硕博士联合培养项目旨在培养高水平的石油工业人才，通过优化招生方案、完善培养方案和制定合理的评价标准，不断提高项目的质量和水平。
_纳米技术在石油勘探开发领域的应用
石油勘探与开发1014 2016年12月PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.43 No.6 文章编号：1000-0747(2016)06-1014-08 DOI: 10.11698/PED.2016.06.20纳米技术在石油勘探开发领域的应用刘合，金旭，丁彬（中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探开发研究院）基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划（863）“采油井筒控制工程关键技术与装备”（2012AA061300）摘要：结合油气勘探开发的实际需求，阐述纳米技术在石油勘探开发领域的研究进展与应用情况，探讨并展望未来纳米技术的应用关键与发展方向。
纳米表征技术在分析非常规油气储集层矿物组成、微观孔隙结构、岩石物理性质方面已经发挥了重要作用；储集层纳米传感器仍处于实验室攻关阶段、油藏纳米机器人关键技术仍有待突破；微纳米多孔介质中油气运移数值模拟技术将成为探究页岩油气及致密油气运聚机理、分布模式及资源评价的重要手段；纳米材料具有尺寸与表面效应、润湿特性、抑制微粒运移特性、剪切增稠特性、纳米光催化特性、纳滤特性及纳米防腐耐磨特性，在提高采收率、水处理、工程防腐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
未来纳米技术现实的发展方向在于纳米表征与数值模拟、纳米传感、纳米材料3个方面，低品位油气资源原位改质和纳米光合作用合成油气是两个潜在的发展方向。
参51关键词：纳米技术；纳米表征；纳米传感；微纳米多孔介质数值模拟；纳米材料；研究进展；发展方向中图分类号：TE19 文献标识码：AApplication of nanotechnology in petroleum exploration and developmentLIU He, JIN Xu, DING Bin(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China)Abstract: Combined with the actual demand of oil and gas exploration and development, this paper summarizes the research progress and application of nanotechnology in various fields of petroleum exploration and development, discusses and prospects the application and development of nanotechnology in the future. Nano characterization technology has played an important role in the analysis of the mineral composition, micro pore structure and rock physical properties of unconventional reservoirs; the reservoir nano sensor is still in the laboratory stage, and the reservoir nano robots still need a key technology breakthrough; the oil and gas migration numerical simulation technology in micro-nano porous media will become an important means of researching unconventional oil and gas migration mechanism, distribution pattern and resource evaluation; nano materials have the size and surface effect, wetting characteristics, inhibition characteristics of particle migration, shear thickening behavior, nanometer photocatalytic properties, nano filtration and nano corrosion and wear resistance, then have broad application prospects in the fields of enhanced oil recovery, water treatment, engineering anti-corrosion. The future development directions of nanotechnology are in the three aspects, nano characterization and numerical simulation, nano sensing and nano materials. In-situ modification of low grade oil and gas resources and synthesis of oil and gas by nano photosynthesis are the two potential development directions.Key words: nanotechnology; nano characterization; nano sensing; numerical simulation in micro-nano porous media; nano materials;research progress; development directions0引言纳米技术、信息技术、生物技术是21世纪科技创新发展的3大动力。