高中英语语法-副词
六、形容词和副词（二）
【副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。】
1、副词的语法功能
1）作状语，起修饰作用 They are warmly received upon arrival.
2）作表语，表主语的方向、方位、动作 The light is still on . 3）作定语，表示时间和地点 Is there a post office here .
4）作补足语，说明主语所处的位置、状态等 The little was kept indoors all by herself when her parents went to work.
2、副词的特征
1）以ly 结尾的副词 frequently constantly rapidly calmly happily anxiously 2）与形容词同形的副词 late firm fast low high early long slow
3）有些词本身是副词，在加ly 后又构成另外的副词，两种副词的意义有联系也有区别
【形容词加ly 变副词的规律】
直接加后缀 careful-carefully; quick-quickly; safe-safely; slow-slowly
以le 结尾的，去e 加y gentle-gently; possible-possibly; comfortable-comfortably
以y 结尾的双音节形容词，把y 变i ，再加ly easy-easily; happy-happily; heavy-heavily shy 的副词形式是shyly.
【原型副词一般表示的是具体意义，加ly 的副词往往具有比喻意义，表示程度】 The picture is hanging high in the back wall. Playing with fire is highly dangerous.
【有些副词与加ly 的副词在修饰动词时基本相同】 The little held her mother's hand firmly/firm .
Mr. Black's mistake cost him dearly/dear 损失惨重.
hard 努力地 high 高
deep 深深地 late 迟、晚 free 免费地 just 正好
hardly 几乎不 highly 非常 deeply 强烈地 lately 最近、近来 freely 自由地 justly 公正地
near 附近 most 最 wide 张大地 close 靠近 loud 响亮地 clean 完全的
nearly 几乎
mostly 几乎全部 widely 广泛地 closely 密切地 loudly 大声地 cleanly 干净的
3、副词的分类及其位置
1）时间副词
now; recently; right away; soon; since; then; now and then; today; age; just now; right then; tomorrow; late 位置：一般放在句末，有时也放在动词前面
Will you be free tonight?
On receiving his letter, I immediately wrote back.
2）地点副词
here; upstairs; far; outdoors; there; downstairs; overhead; indoors; abroad; ashore; everywhere; away
位置：一般位于所修饰的动词后面，偶尔也可放于句首，尤其是here/there
They moved downtown.
We should always walk outdoors for fresh air.
Here you can find whatever kind of book you want.
3）方式副词
angrily; carefully; simply; beautifully; slowly; kindly; calmly; suddenly; openly;
位置：动词前后和第一助动词后和句末
Mary coughed miserably. She had been ill for a long time.
The spokesman publicly declared that he didn't know anything about the matter forehand.
These countries were ruthlessly invaded.
He gave a speech openly.
4）程度副词
much; awfully非常; very; partly; fully; extremely; entirely; dearly;非常地; almost; truly; rather; nearly; half;
quite
位置：修饰形容词副词时放在其前，修饰动词时放在第一个助动词后，实义动词前
Different people have different backgrounds and habits. Everyone behaves somewhat differently都有点不同.
You are such a likable person. I greatly enjoy working with you
5）频度副词
usually; often; sometimes; never; always; regularly; constantly; frequently; seldom
位置：比较灵活，可位于句首、句末、第一助动词后、动词前
Bruce is constantly changing his mind.
His wife goes shopping frequently on weekends.
Usually our new term starts in September.
She never saw him again.
6）疑问副词where; when; why; how
7）关系副词where; when; why
8）连接副词therefore; moreover; besides; however; otherwise; then; meanwhile; when; where; why; whenever; wherever; however
位置：两个句子中间，谓语前，句尾
Sales have been good, yet profits are low.
I'd like to go with you. My hands, however, are full.
We do not have enough money. We cannot afford to buy the new car, therefore.
9）句子副词frankly; evidently; luckily; unfortunately; hopefully; surprisingly
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高中英语语法专项.练习题含答案
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（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
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