情态动词和虚拟语气用法简表及总结

补充：

1.根据情态动词表推测的确信程度大小可作如下排序：

must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might

2.shall的用法：

(1)shall用于一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的同意或向对方请示。

(2)shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的允诺、保证、命令、威胁、警告、决心或者法律规章上的指示和规定等。

eg: ①Shall I open the window?

②You shall get a new bike you want very much if you get the first prize in the coming exam.

注：shall,will表示命令时的区别。

⑴shall指法律、规章、制度上的“必须”。常用于正式文件中。

⑵will指责任、义务上的“必须”。常用于日常交际中。

eg:①Each competitor shall wear a number.

②No one will leave the examination room before ten o'clock.

3．should的用法:

⑴表意外，指说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外或惊异，意为“竟然，竟会”。

⑵表推测，指确定的或可能有的未来或希望，意为“应该”。

⑶表可能，常用在if条件句中，强调某事的可能性，意为“要是，万一”。eg:①I am surprised that you should speak like that.

②They should be ready by 12:00.

③If he should come,please let me know.

4.would与used to的区别

（1）二者都可表示过去重复的习惯动作。

（2）表示过去的状态，只能用used to,不能用would.

（3）used to强调过去与现在的对比，而would只表示过去习惯的动作，常与often、every day等状语连用。

5．含有情态动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答。

eg:①------May I sit down?

-------Yes,please./Yes,you may.

②-------Might/Could I use your car tomorrow?

-------Yes,you may/can.或No,you mustn’t/can’t.No,I’m afraid not.

(注：向对方提出请求或建议时，could/might表示语气的委婉，但是在回答时，用can或may。)

③------Must we arrive on time?

------Yes,you must./No you needn’t.

④------Need(必须) I give up smoking?

------Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.

（注：含有情态动词need的一般疑问句作肯定回答，需用must。）

6．will do既可以表示将来时，也可以表示一般现在时，表达习惯性、重复性的动作。区别在于：一般现在时强调“描述性”，而will do强调“预断性”（即：动作如此经常发生，如此具有习惯性或重复性，以致我们可以预断它肯定会继续发生）。

7．can与be able to的区别：

（1）can表示潜在的能力。只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。

（2）be able to表示经过努力而成功地做某事，可用于多种时态。其中was/were able to表示过去有能力并且成功做了某事的能力。

8.must与have to的区别

（1）表示主观上“必须”。只有一种形式。mustn’t意为“不准；禁止；不可以”。（2）表示客观上“不得不”。有时态、人称等方面的变化。don’t have to意为“不必”。

9.must表示推测时的反意疑问句中的用法。

①He must be busy now,__________?

②He must have been tired yesterday after a whole day's work,___________?

③He must have been tired ,____________?

10.dare的用法

情态动词dare主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态的变化，过去式为dared。

eg:How dare you say so?

dare可用于习惯用语中。I dare say"我敢说;我认为",表示说话人有把握做出某种判断。

11.may可以用于祈使句中，表达祝愿（其中may和主语常倒装）。

eg:①May you be happy forever.

②May we never forget each other.may与can表示许可的区别

虚拟语气的用法

一．含义：表示与事实相反或者实现的可能性微乎其微、几乎为零或者表示一种坚持、命令、要求和建议或者在固定句型中等。

二．分类：一般虚拟语气和特殊虚拟语气。

三．用法：

⒈一般虚拟语气的用法

㈠遵循的原则：

对一般现在时虚拟用一般过去时

对一般过去时虚拟用过去完成时

对过去完成时虚拟用过去完成时

对一般将来时虚拟用过去将来时

……

㈡表现形式：

⑴条件句中的虚拟语气。

eg:If he were indoors,he wouldn’t feel cold.

⑵wish后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

eg:①I wish I were a bird. ②I wish she had taken my advice.

⑶would rather后所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

eg:①I’d rather you paid the money yourself. ②I’d rather she hadn’t done that.

⑷If only（要是……就好了；但愿）+句子中的虚拟语气。

eg:If only I were a flying bird.

If only I had seen the film.

If only Mr. Wang were here now,you would not be punished.

⑸as if/though，even if/though从句中的虚拟语气。（注：在as if引导的从句

中，如果从句所说的内容是真实的或可能是真实的，应用真实语气；如果从句所说的内容与事实相反或非真实情况，应用虚拟语气。）

eg:①He talks as if he knew all about it.

②Even if he were here,he couldn’t solve the problem.

③He talks as if he were drunk.

⑹含蓄虚拟条件句：介词短语without、but for、otherwise等可替代虚拟条件

句，表达虚拟语气。

注：在对be(am/is/are)动词虚拟时，一律用were来表示。

eg:①But for your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

②She wasn’t feeling well,otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so

early.

⒉特殊虚拟语气的用法

㈠遵循的原则：从句一般用（should）+v原形来表示。

㈡表现形式：

⑴一坚定二命令三要求四建议，后跟特殊虚拟语气作宾语。（注：insist如

果坚持的是一种事实时，应用真实语气；如果坚持的是一种主张时，应用虚拟语气。suggest如果意为“暗示，表明”时，从句应用真实语气。）注：这些动词所对应的名词形式也需用特殊虚拟语气。另外，对应的名词形名词idea等所构成的从句中也应该用虚拟语气。

eg:①He insisted that we (should) take our teacher’s advice.

②The manager demanded that Tom (should) finish it in a week.

③I suggest that you (should) have enough sleep.

④My idea is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it together.

⑤Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off.

⑵在句型“It’s

important/necessary/essential/vital/proper/right/impossible/strange/natural/a

pity/a shame/a surprise/an honor+that从句。”中，that从句要用特殊虚拟语气。

eg:It’s very important that we (should) think before we decide.

但在句型“It’s strange(surprising/unthinkable,etc) +that从句”中，should常译为“竟然”，表示一种不可思议的状况。

eg:It’s surprising that you (should) waste so much time.

⒊虚拟语气的特殊用法

⑴在“It’s (high)time +that从句”中，that从句可用一般虚拟语气或特殊虚拟

语气（should不可省），但二者同时出现时，一般虚拟语气优先使用。

eg:It’s (high)time that he got rid of his bad habit.

⑵if在虚拟条件句中的倒装。

eg:If he came tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

=If he should come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

=Should he come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

=If he were to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

=Were he to come tomorrow,I would tell you as soon as possible.

⑶在in case that (以免，免得),lest(唯恐，免得),for fear that ,in order that,so that 等引导的目的状语从句

中，that从句要用情态动词(could/might/would/should)+V原形,表示虚拟。

⑷混合虚拟条件句：

当条件从句与主句所表示的时间并不一致，变为虚拟语气时，可根据它们各自的时态进行变化。

eg:①If I had married her,I would be happy now.

②If you had taken my advice then,you wouldn’t be in trouble now.

③Bring some more money in case you (should) use it later.

⑸had hoped/planned/wanted/expected to do “本希望/计划/想要/期望……”，

可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。

eg:①I had hoped to take his advice.But I didn’t.

②The boy had meant to come in, but the teacher refused him.

⑹在句式“主句主语+vt+that+从句主语+(should) do.”其中主句谓语动词主语urge(极力主张),prefer(宁

愿),desire(请求),maintain(主张),direct(指导)及以上这些动词所对应的其他形式要用虚拟语气。

eg:She preferred that nobody should come to see her.

英语情态动词用法总结(完整)

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英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句

初中情态动词用法总结

专项：情态动词一考点：情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词，可做助动词：will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to 三特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。 2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。 4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四用法： 1. can ①表示能力，“能，会”。Eg : Can you play basketball? ②表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。 Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom. ③表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. ④can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或can’t. 2.could①can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old. ②could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。 Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can. 3.may①表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。 Eg: He may come tomorrow. ②表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg: May I borrow your book? 注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结朱世梅新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

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虚拟语气的基本用法归纳

虚拟语气的基本用法归纳今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。一、虚拟语气的使用范围：虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。

(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一