2014年6月六级真题第三套

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2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案真题+听力原文+答案详解

12014年6月英语六级真题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese Yo u should write at Chinese. least 120 words following the outline given belo w:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3我认为…Given Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minute s)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage qu ickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choo se the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For qu estions 8-10, complete the sen-estions 8-10, complete the sen-tences with the information given in the pas tences with the information given in the pas sage. Welcome,Freshmen. Have an iPod.Taking a step that many professors may view as a bit counterproductive, so me colleges and universities are doling out Apple iPhones and Internet-cap able iPods to their students.The always-on Internet devices raise some novel possibilities, like tracking where students gather together. With far less controversy, colleges could s end messages about canceled classes, delayed buses, campus crises or just the cafeteria menu.While schools emphasize its usefulness While schools emphasize its usefulness ——online research in class and inst ant polling of students, for example ant polling of students, for example —— a big part of the attraction is, undou btedly, that the iPhone is cool and a hit with students. Being equipped with one of the most recent cutting-edge IT products could just help a college o r university foster a cutting-edge reputation.Apple stands to win as well, hooking more young consumers with decades of technology pur-of technology pur-chases ahead of them. The lone losers, some fear, could chases ahead of them. The lone losers, some fear, could be professors.Students already have laptops and cell phones, of course, but the newest de vices can take class distractions to a new level. They practically beg a user to ignore the long-suffering professor strug-to ignore the long-suffering professor strug-gling to pass on accumulated gling to pass on accumulated wisdom from the front of the room wisdom from the front of the room —— a prospect that teachers find most irr itating and students view as, well, inevitable.“When it gets a little boring, I might pull it When it gets a little boring, I might pull it out,ǁout,ǁ acknowledged Naomi P ugh, a first-year student at Freed-Hardeman University in Henderson, Ter m., referring to her new iPod Touch, which can connect to the Internet ove r a campus wireless network. She speculated that professors might try even harder to make classes interesting if they were to compete with the devices. Experts see a movement toward the use of mobile technology in educati on, though they say it is in its infancy as professors try to come up with us eful applications. Providing powerful hand-eful applications. Providing powerful hand-held devices is sure to fuel deb held devices is sure to fuel deb ates over the role of technology in higher education.“We think this is the way the future is going to We think this is the way the future is going to work,ǁwork,ǁ said Kyle Dickson, co-director of re- co-director of re-search and the mobile learning initiative at Abilene Chris search and the mobile learning initiative at Abilene Chris tian University in Texas, which has bought more than 600 iPhones and 300 iPods for students entering this fall.Although plenty of students take their laptops to class, they Although plenty of students take their laptops to class, they don’t don’t don’t take the take the m everywhere and would prefer something lighter. Abilene Christian settle d on the devices after surveying students and finding that they did not like hauling around their laptops, but that most of them always carried a cell ph one, Dr. Dickson said.It is not clear how many colleges and universities plan to give out iPhones and iPods this fall; officials at Apple were unwilling to talk about the subje ct and said that they would not leak any ct and said that they would not leak any institution’s institution’s institution’s plans. plans.“ e W e can’tcan’t can’t announce other announce other announce other people’s people’s news,ǁsaid Greg Joswiak, vice presid ent of iPod and iPhone marketing at Apple. He also said that he could not d iscuss discounts to universities for bulk purchases.At least four institutions At least four institutions —— the University of Maryland, Oklahoma Christi an University, Abilene Christian and Freed-Hardeman — have announced t hat they will give the devices to some or all of their students this fall.Other universities are exploring their options. Stanford University has hire d a student-run com-d a student-run com-pany to design applications like a campus map and dir pany to design applications like a campus map and dir ectory for the iPhone. It is considering whether to issue iPhones but not sur e it, snecessary, noting that more than 700 iPhones were registered on the u niversity’s niversity’s network last year. network last year.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iPhones might already have been everywhere, if AT&T, the wireless carrier offering the iPhone in the United States,had a more reliable network, said Andrew Yu, mobile devices platform pro ject manager at M.I.T.“We would have probably gone ahead with this, maybe just getting a thou sand iPhones and giving them sand iPhones and giving them out,ǁout,ǁ Mr. Y usaid.The University of Maryland at College Park is proceeding cautiously, givi ng the iPhone or iPod Touch to 150 students, said Jeffrey Huskamp, vice p resident and chief information officer at the university. resident and chief information officer at the university. ―We ―Wedon’t don’t think tha think tha t we have all the t we have all the answers,ǁanswers,ǁ Mr. Huskamp said. By observing how students use the gadgets, he said, use the gadgets, he said, ―We’re ―We’re trying to get answers from the trying to get answers from thetrying to get answers from the students.ǁstudents.ǁ At each college, the students who choose to get an iPhone must pay for mo bile phone service. Those service contracts include unlimited data use. Bot h the iPhones and the iPod Touch devices can connect to the Internet throu gh campus wireless networks. With the iPhone, those networks may provid e faster connections and longer battery life than A e faster connections and longer battery life than AT&T’s T&T’s T&T’s data network. Ma data network. Many cell phones allow users to surf the Web, but only some newer ones are c apable of wireless connection to the local area computer network.University officials say that they have no plans to track their students (and Apple said it would not be possible unless students give their permission). They say that they are drawn to the prospect of learning applications outsid e the classroom, though such lesson plans have yet to surface.“My colleagues and I are studying something called augmented reality (a field of computer research dealing with the combination of real-world and virtual virtual reality),ǁreality),ǁ said Christopher Dede, professor in learning technologies at Harvard University. at Harvard University. ―Alien ―AlienContact,ǁ for example, is an exer- for example, is an exer-cise develo cise develo ped for middle-school students who use hand-held devices that can determi ne their location. As they walk around a playground or other area, text, vid eo or audio pops up at various points to help them try to figure out why ali ens were in the schoolyard.“You can imagine similar kinds of interactive activities along historical li nes,ǁ like following the Freedom Trail in Boston, Professor Dede said. like following the Freedom Trail in Boston, Professor Dede said. ―It’―It’s important that we do research, so that we know how well something like this this works.ǁworks.ǁThe rush to distribute the devices worries some professors, who say that st udents are less likely to participate in class if they are multi-tasking. udents are less likely to participate in class if they are multi-tasking. ―I’m ―I’m n ot someone ot someone who’s who’s who’s anti-technology, but I,m always worried that technology anti-technology, but I,m always worried that technology becomes an end in and of itself, and it replaces teaching or it replaces analysis,,’ysis,,’ said Ellen Millender, associate professor of classics at Reed College said Ellen Millender, associate professor of classics at Reed College in Portland, Ore. (She added that she hoped to buy an iPhone for herself on ce prices fall.)Robert Summers, who has taught at Cornell Law School for about 40 years , announced this week , announced this week —— in a detailed, footnoted memorandum in a detailed, footnoted memorandum ——that he would ban laptop computers from his class on contract law.“I would ban that too if I knew the students were using it in I would ban that too if I knew the students were using it in class,ǁclass,ǁ Profes sor Summers said of the iPhone, after the device and its capabilities were e xplained to him. xplained to him. ―What ―What we want to encour- we want to encour-age in these students is an activ age in these students is an activ e intellectual experience, in which they develop the wide range of complex reasoning abilities required of good reasoning abilities required of good lawyers.ǁlawyers.ǁThe experience at Duke University may ease some concerns. A few years a go, Duke began giving iPods to students with the idea that they might use t hem to record lectures (these older models could not access the Internet). “We had assumed that the biggest focus of these devices would be consu ming the ming the content,ǁcontent,ǁ said Tracy Futhey, vice president for information techn ology and chief information officer at Duke.But that is not all that the students did. They began using the iPods to creat e their own e their own ―content,ǁ―content,ǁ making audio recordings of themselves and presenti making audio recordings of themselves and presenti ng them. The students turned what could have been a passive interaction in to an active one, Ms. Futhey said. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月英语六级真题及答案-无听力

2014 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题Part I WritingD i r e ct i o n s:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Now it is widely believed that jumping to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something is unscientific and thoughtless. We do not have to look very far to find out the truth of this argument.Sometimes what we see or hear is probably staying merely on the surface of things, thus the judgment we make under such circumstances often cannot hold water. For example, when a mother came to her son with two apples in her hand, she told her son to select one apple. The son quickly took one bite and then another before he gave his mother an apple. At first thought, we may regard this son as selfish and impious.However, when we learn that the reason why the boy did this is just for the purpose of checking out which apple is tasty, and the apple he handed his mother is more delicious than the rest one, we should condemn ourselves with shame and regret.To sum up, before making a judgment, we should have a deep analysis of the whole matter. Only in that way can we draw the correct conclusion.Part II L i s t e n i n g ComprehensionPart III R e ad i n g C o m p r e h e ns i onSect i o n AD i r e ct i o n s: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single li ne through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 a r e based on the following pa ss ag e.Millions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concerned than ever about retire-ment. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for-to spend more time 36 N the grandkids, go travelling, or start another career? It turns out that husbands and wives may have 37 K different ideas about the subject.The deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years. Fidelity In- vestments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed 38 C on whether both or at least one spouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding their husbands’retirement age, but men 39 O the age their wives will be when they stop working. And husbands are slightly more 40 I about their standard of living than wives are.Busy juggling (穷于应付)careers and families, most couples don’t take the time to sit down, 41M or together, and think about what they would like to do 5, 10, or 20 years from now. They 42 A they are on the same page, but the 43 L is they have avoided even talking about it.If you are self-employed or in a job that doesn’t have a standard retirement age, you may be more apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a 44 E retirement date that provides the c at-a lyst (催化剂)to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an early-retirement 45 J can force your hand. But don’t wait until you get a severance (遣散费) check to begin planning.S e ct i o n BWhat If Middle-Class J o b s D i s a ppe a r?A) The most recent recession in the United States began in December of 2007 and ended in June of2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the of- ficial end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles are behind us. The unemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labour market indicators, such as the proportion of long-term unemployed, are worse now than for any post-war recession.B) There are two widely circulated narratives to explain what’s going on. The Keynesian narrativeis that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this narrative, the slump can be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal (财政的) stimulus. The main anti-Keynesian narrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty and over-regulation. According to this narrative, the slump can be cured by having the government commit to and follow a morehands-off approach.C)I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand or for theregulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important factor in the cur- rent rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in which the mid-dle-class jobs that emerged after World War II have begun to decline. As Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine: “The root of our problems is not that we’re in a great recession, or a great stagnation (停滞), but rather that we are in the early throes (阵痛) of a great restructuring.”D) In fact, I believe that the Great Depression of the 1930s can also be interpreted in part as an eco-nomictransition. The impact of the internal combustionengine (内燃机) and the small electric motor on farming and manufacturing reduced the value of uneducated labourers. Instead, by the 1950s, a middle class of largely clerical (从事文秘工作的)workers was the most significant part of the labour force. Between 1930 and 1950, the United States economy underwent a Great Transition. Demand fell for human effort such as lifting, squeezing, and hammering. Demand in- creased for workers who could read and follow directions. The evolutionary process eventually changed us from a nation of labourers to a nation of clerks.E) The proportion of employment classified as “clerical workers” grew from 5.2% in 1910 to a peak of 19.3percent in 1980. “However, by 2000 this proportion had edged down to 17.4 %”Over- all, workers classified as clerical workers, technical workers, managers, officials exceeded 50% of the labour force by 2000. Corresponding declines took place in the manual occupations. Workers classified as labourers, other than farm hands or miners, peaked at 11.4% of the labour force in 1920 but were barely 6% by 1950 and less than 4% by 2000. Farmers and farm labourers fell from 33% of the labour force in 1910 to less than 15% by 1950 and only 1.2% in 2000.F)The introduction of the tractor and improvements in the factory rapidly reduced the demand foruneducated workers. By the 1930s, a marginal farm hand could not produce enough to justify his employment. Sharecropping, never much better than a subsistence occupation, was no longer visable ( 可行的). Meanwhile, machines were replacing manufacturing occupations like cigar rolling and glass blowing for light bulbs.G)The structural-transition interpretation of the unemployment problem of the 1930s would be that thedemand for uneducated workers in the United States had fallen, but the supply remained high. The high school graduation rate was only 8.8% in 1912 and still just 29% in 1931. By 1950, it had reached 59% . With a new generation of workers who had completed high school, the mismatch between skills and jobs had been greatly reduced.H) What took place after the Second World War was not the revival of a 1920s economy, with its smallfarming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of labourers. Instead, the 1950s saw the creation of a new suburban economy, with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an expanded transportation and communications infrastructure (基础设施), businesses needed telephone op-erators, shipping clerks, and similar occupations. If you could read, follow simple instructions, and settle into a routine, you could finda job in the post-war economy.I)The trend away from manual labour has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, the shareof production and non-supervisory workers in manufacturing employment went from over 85% just after the Second World War to less than 70% in more recent years. To put this another way, the proportion of white-collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years. On the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires more cognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-defined procedures.J)As noted earlier, the proportion of clerical workers in the economy peaked in 1980. By that date, computers and advanced communications equipment had already begun to affect telephone oper- ations and banking. The rise of the personal computer and the Internet has widened the impact of these technologies to include nearly every business and industry.K) The economy today differs from that of a generation ago. Mortgage and consumer loan und er-writers (风险评估人)have been replaced by credit scoring. Record stores have been replaced by music downloads. Book stores are closing, while sales of books on electronic readers have in- creased. Data entry has been moved off shore. Routine customer support also has been out- s ourced (外包) overseas.L） These trends serve to limit the availability of well-defined jobs. If a job can be characterized by a precise set of instructions, then that job is a candidate to be automated or outsourced to modestly educated workers in developing countries. The result is what David Autor calls the polarization of the American job market.M）Using the latest Census Bureau data, Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real earnings of college graduates （with no advanced degree）fell by more in percentage terms than the earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category to show an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.N)The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communication technology and computer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, many people earn a living as drivers, including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driver-less ve- hicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field of education. In the fall of 2011, an experiment with an online course in artificial intelligence conducted by two Stanford professors drew tens of thousands of registrants (报名者). This increases the student-teacher ra-tio by a factor of close to a thousand. Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be elimi- nated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.O) It’s important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a “loss of jobs”means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that pro- ductivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some work- ers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out of jobs. Rather, new jobs e- merge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more that people are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.注意院此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答遥46. Even factory floor work today has become intellectually challenging rather than physically demand- ing. I47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people may lose their jobs temporarily.O48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years after the government declared the recent re- cessionwas over.A49. The author suggests that the recent high unemployment rate is mainly caused by a decrease of mid- dle-class jobs.C50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.H51. In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an in- crease inearnings.M52. One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economic re-cession.B53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.N54. Computer technology has brought about revolutionary changes in the record and book business.K55. White-collar workers accounted for more than half of the labour force by the end of the 20th century. ES e ct i o n CPassage O neQuestions 56 to 60 a r e based on the following pa ss a g e.“Deep reading”-as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web-is an endan- gered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art.Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of gener- ations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, po-ems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to apprehend them.Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading-slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity is a distinctive experi- ence, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks “超链接”, for example, frees the reader from making decisions. Should I click on this link or not?-allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect refer- ence and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy(认同).None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growingbody of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives”for whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain’s National Lit-eracy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materi- als every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.56. What does the author say about”deep reading’?A) It serves as a complement to online reading.B) It should be preserved before it is too late.C) It is mainly suitable for reading literature.D) It is an indispensable part of education.57. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?A) It helps promote readers’ intellectual and emotional growth.B) It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.C)It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.D) It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.58. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?A) It ensures the reade r’s cognitive growth.B) It enables the reader to be fully engaged.C） It activates a different region of the brain.D) It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.59. What do the studies show about online reading?A) It gradually impairs one’s eyesight.B) It keeps arousing readers’ curiosity.C) It provides up-to-date information.D) It renders reading less enjoyable.60. What do we learn from the study released by Britain’s National Literacy Turst?A) Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.B) Those who do reading in print are less informed.C) Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.D) It is now easier to find a favourite book online to read.Passage T woQuestions 61 to 65 a r e based on the following pa ss a g e.Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from dif- ferent countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigrants.It is hard to look for “the ideal outcome” on immigration in the abstract. Economics ProfessorMilton Friedman once said, “The best is the enemy of the goo d”which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in prac- tice.Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as “We are a nation of immigrants.”Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a na-tion of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes?The immigrants of today are very different in many ways from those who arrived here a hun- dred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country.But the welfare state is already here-and, far from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open bor- ders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge wel- fare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life.Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty (事实上的大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods.Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American peo- ple for so long.Not only the United States, but the Western world in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London, when will we see it?“Comprehensive immigration reform”means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.61. What does the author say about immigrants in America?A) They all hope to gain citizenship and enjoy the welfare.B) They come to America with different dreams and purposes.C) Their background may determine whether they benefit the American people.D) Their cultures affect the extent to which they will achieve success in America.62. What does the author try to say by citing Milton Friedman’s remark?A) It is hardly practical to find an ideal solution to America’s immigration problem.B) Ideal outcomes could be produced only by comprehensive immigration reform.C) As for immigration, good results cannot be achieved without good intentions.D) The proper solution of immigration issues is an ideal of the American public.63. What is the author’s view regarding America’s immigration policy?A) America should open its borders to immigrants from different countries.B) Immigrants have contributed greatly to the welfare of American people.C) Unrestricted immigration will undermine the American welfare state.D) There is no point building a wall around the American welfare state.64. What is the author;s purpose in citing the recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London?A) To show that America should join hands with Europe in fighting terrorists.B) To prove that it is high time America made comprehensive immigration reforms.C) To prove that terrorism is the most dangerous threat to America and the world in general.D) To show that immigrants’ cultural incompatibility with the host country has consequences.65. What is the author”s attitude towards :comprehensive immigration reform”?A) Supportive. B) Negative.C) Wait-and-see. D) Indifferent.Part IV TranslationEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化袁有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。

2014年6月大学英语六级真题及答案真题+听力原文+答案详解.docx

2014 年 6 月英语六级真题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese Yo u should write at Chinese. least 120 words following the outline given belo w:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3我认为,Given Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minute s)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage qu ickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choo se the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For qu estions 8-10, complete the sen-tences with the information given in the pas sage. Welcome,Freshmen. Have an iPod.Taking a step that many professors may view as a bit counterproductive, so me colleges and universities are doling out Apple iPhones and Internet-cap able iPods to their students.The always-on Internet devices raise some novel possibilities, like tracking where students gather together. With far less controversy, colleges could s end messages about canceled classes, delayed buses, campus crises or just the cafeteria menu.While schools emphasize its usefulness —online research in class and inst ant polling of students, for example — a big part of the attraction is, undou btedly, that the iPhone is cool and a hit with students. Being equipped with one of the most recent cutting-edge IT products could just help a college o r university foster a cutting-edge reputation.Apple stands to win as well, hooking more young consumers with decadesof technology pur- chases ahead of them. The lone losers, some fear, could be professors.Students already have laptops and cell phones, of course, but the newest de vices can take class distractions to a new level. They practically beg a user to ignore the long-suffering professor strug- gling to pass on accumulated wisdom from the front of the room — a prospect that teachers find most irr itating and students view as, well, inevitable.“ When it gets a little boring, I might pull it out,‖acknowledged Naomi P ugh, a first-year student at Freed-Hardeman University in Henderson, Ter m., referring to her new iPod Touch, which can connect to the Internet ove r a campus wireless network. She speculated that professors might try even harder to make classes interesting if they were to compete with the devices. Experts see a movement toward the use of mobile technology in educati on, though they say it is in its infancy as professors try to come up with us eful applications. Providing powerful hand- held devices is sure to fuel deb ates over the role of technology in higher education.“ We think this is the way the future is going to work,‖said Kyle Dickson, co-director of re- search and the mobile learning initiative at Abilene Chris tian University in Texas, which has bought more than 600 iPhones and 300 iPods for students entering this fall.Although plenty of students take their laptops to class, they don’t take the m everywhere and would prefer something lighter. Abilene Christian settle d on the devices after surveying students and finding that they did not like hauling around their laptops, but that most of them always carried a cell ph one, Dr. Dickson said.It is not clear how many colleges and universities plan to give out iPhones and iPods this fall; officials at Apple were unwilling to talk about the subje ct and said that they would not leak any institution plans’s.“ We can’t announce other people’s news,‖saidGreg Joswiak, vice presid ent of iPod and iPhone marketing at Apple. He also said that he could not d iscuss discounts to universities for bulk purchases.At least four institutions — the University of Maryland, Oklahoma Christi an University, Abilene Christian and Freed-Hardeman — have announced t hat they will give the devices to some or all of their students this fall.Other universities are exploring their options. Stanford University has hire d a student-run com-pany to design applications like a campus map and dir ectory for the iPhone. It is considering whether to issue iPhones but not sur e it, snecessary, noting that more than 700 iPhones were registered on the u niversity network’s last year.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iPhones might alreadyhave been everywhere, if AT&T, the wireless carrier offering the iPhone in the United States,had a more reliable network, said Andrew Yu, mobile devices platform pro ject manager at M.I.T.“ We would have probably gone ahead with this, maybe just getting a thou sand iPhones and giving them out, ‖Mr. Yusaid.The University of Maryland at College Park is proceeding cautiously, givi ng the iPhone or iPod Touch to 150 students, said Jeffrey Huskamp, vice p resident and chief information officer at the university. ― Wedon’t think tha t we have all the answers, Mr‖. Huskamp said. By observing how students use the gadgets, he said,― We’ retrying to get answers from the students. ‖ At each college, the students who choose to get an iPhone must pay for mo bile phone service. Those service contracts include unlimited data use. Both the iPhones and the iPod Touch devices can connect to the Internet throu gh campus wireless networks. With the iPhone, those networks may provid e faster connections and longer battery life than A T&T’s data network. Many cell phones allow users to surf the Web, but only some newer ones are c apable of wireless connection to the local area computer network. University officials say that they have no plans to track their students (and Apple said it would not be possible unless students give their permission). They say that they are drawn to the prospect of learning applications outsid e the classroom, though such lesson plans have yet to surface.“ My colleagues and I are studying something called augmented reality (a field of computer research dealing with the combination of real-world and virtual reality), said‖ Christopher Dede, professor in learning technologies at Harvard University. ― AlienContact, for‖ example, is an exer- cise develo ped for middle-school students who use hand-held devices that can determi ne their location. As they walk around a playground or other area, text, vid eo or audio pops up at various points to help them try to figure out why ali ens were in the schoolyard.“ You can imagine similar kinds of interactive activities along historical li nes, ‖like following the Freedom Trail in Boston, Professor Dede said.― It’s important that we do research, so that we know how well something like this works. ‖The rush to distribute the devices worries some professors, who say that st udents are less likely to participate in class if they are multi-tasking. ― I ’m n ot someone who’s anti-technology, but I,m always worried that technology becomes an end in and of itself, and it replaces teaching or it replaces analysis,, said’Ellen Millender, associate professor of classics at Reed College in Portland, Ore. (She added that she hoped to buy an iPhone for herself on ce prices fall.)Robert Summers, who has taught at Cornell Law School for about 40 years,announced this week — in a detailed, footnoted memorandum — that he would ban laptop computers from his class on contract law.“ I would ban that too if I knew the students were using it in class, Profes‖sor Summers said of the iPhone, after the device and its capabilities were e xplained to him. ― Whatwe want to encour- age in these students is an activ e intellectual experience, in which they develop the wide range of complex reasoning abilities required of good lawyers. ‖The experience at Duke University may ease some concerns. A few years a go, Duke began giving iPods to students with the idea that they might use t hem to record lectures (these older models could not access the Internet).“ We had assumed that the biggest focus of these devices would be consu ming the content, said‖ Tracy Futhey, vice president for informationtechn ology and chief information officer at Duke.But that is not all that the students did. They began using the iPods to creat e their own ― content, making‖ audio recordings of themselves and presenti ng them. The students turned what could have been a passive interaction in to an active one, Ms. Futhey said. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

大学生坐位体前屈的权重系数

2014年6月四大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but No more than180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) （说明：由于2014年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage: Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃and 6℃over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (益居的) and 42 for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?[A] Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it isnow selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.[B] Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, andperhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.[C] Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass marketpaperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction”, etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.[D] As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in thatthe purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.[E] For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technologicalchange and see what happened to the old technology.[F] One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better,cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.[G] But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwritinglingered on (继续存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.[H] Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of itwhile forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.[I] Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TVdidn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.[J] Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny”, “Amos and Andy”“The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is todaya very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.[K] Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry(骑兵) replaced the chariot(二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer anda gentleman”.[L] Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的) at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)[M] Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was present in upper-and-middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (overa million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towardsfire as a central aspect of human life.[N] Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile (触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.[O] For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth.And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lights go out.46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch theycan provide.48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes notseen for centuries.53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clearadvantage.54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities(人文科学) and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative(创新的) leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem: “Major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft”often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A. Their interest in relevant subjects.B. The academic value of the courses.C. The quality of education to receive.D. Their chances of getting a good job.58. What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A. They benefit students in their future life.B. They broaden students’ range of interests.C. They improve students’ communication skills.D. They are essential to students’ healthy growth.59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A. Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B. Those who are good at solving practical problems.C. Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D. Those who have received a well-rounded education.60. What advice does the author give to college students?A. Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B. Try to take a variety of practical courses.C. Prepare themselves for different job options.D. Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辞的) companion “energy security”are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely thought through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle (涓涓细流) of biofuel (生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their offimports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?A. It sounds very attractive.B. It ensures national security.C. It will bring oil prices down.D. It has long been everyone’s dream.62. What does the author think of biofuels?A. They keep America’s economy running healthily.B. They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C. They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D. They cause serious damage to the environment.63. Why does America rely heavily on off imports?A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B. Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C. It wants to keep its own environment intact.D. Its own oil production falls short of demand.64. What does the author say about oil trade?A. It proves profitable to both sides.B. It improves economic efficiency.C. It makes for economic prosperity.D. It saves the cost of oil exploration.65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.B. To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.C. To stress the importance of energy conservation.D. To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育（compulsory education）。

资料：2014年6月英语六级真题及答案详解

2014年6月英语六级真题及答案详解PartI Writing ( 30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分题库请在答题卡1上作答。

2014-2015年英语六级考试真题及答案4×3共12套

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through care fully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have 36 such as tax-free interest. Some may even be 37. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.Two questions often 38 first-time corporate bond investors. The first is "If I purchase acorporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?" The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on 39 securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date,you're not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have 40 that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a 41 ,i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you maybe able to sell it at a premium, i. e., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally 42 inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and viceversa (反之亦然). Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk. The second question is "How can I 43 the investment risk of a particular bond issue?"Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And 44 , the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题含答案解析-1-15页

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something.You can give examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet1.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第3套)

2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays, cultivating independent learning ability is becoming increasingly crucial for personal development.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appearin the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflectionand____26____of light through water droplets (小滴) present in the atmosphere. An observer may____27____a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in____28____to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an____29____illusion.Rainbows present a____30____made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G. Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G. Biv”____31____for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets____32____in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets, resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction (折射). When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply____33____back in the opposite direction from where it____34____. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.” A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of____35____passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.A) bouncesB) completelyC) dispersionD) eccentricE) hangingF) opticalG) originatesH) perceiveI) permeatesJ) ponderK) precedingL) recklesslyM) relationN) spectrumO) standsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA) Phyllis Hartman knows what it’s like to make one’s way through the depths of office meeting hell. Managers at one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late. With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings, she was often forced to make up her work during overtime. “I was actually working more hours than I probably would have needed to get the work done,” says Hartman, who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.B) She isn’t alone in her frustration. Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the United States, costing most organisations between 7% and 15% of their personnel budgets. Every week, employees spend about six hours in meetings, while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C) And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developing strategy, some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday. The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars, but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”: time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting. If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you’re likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D) Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formal job. It isn’t ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting, but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation. With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing, MRS has attracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and cures.E) Today, in so far as researchers can hypothesise, MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finite mental and physical resources. When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away. Meetings drain vitality if they last too long, fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures. The conservation of resources theory, originally proposed in 1989 by Dr. Stevan Hobfoll, states that psychological stress occurs when a person’s resources are threatened or lost. When resources are low, a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply. In the case ofoffice meetings, where some of employees’ most valuable resources are their focus, alertness and motivation, this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F) As humans, when we transition from one task to another on the job —say from sitting in a meeting to doing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch. We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on. If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough. It’s common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting, going and getting coffee, interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting, and so on.G) Each person’s ability to recover from horrible meetings is different. Some can bounce back quickly, while others carry their fatigue until the end of the workday. Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway, one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee’s lag time. Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes. With MRS, it may take as long as 45 minutes on average. It’s even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes. “Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done, and in an MRS situation, not quite enough time to recover for the next meeting,” says researcher Joseph Allen. “Then, add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H) In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS, Allen, along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps, including a concise checklist of do’s and don’ts applicable to any workplace. Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list, Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I) Mroz says a good place to start is asking ourselves if our meetings are even necessary in the first place. If all that’s on the agenda is a quick catch-up, or some non-urgent information sharing, it may better suit the group to send around an email instead. “The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,” says Mroz. “If they don’t actually have some kind of immediate input, then they can follow up later. They don’t need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.” Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings they do attend, which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J) Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don’t inspire participation, says Cliff Scott, professor of organisational science. It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS. Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and more unnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K) Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject, Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz’s study, and has come a long way since her days of being stuck with unnecessary meetings. The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees, but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand. Managers like her, who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions, can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce, she says.L) If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen’s findings, the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule, Mroz says. Lesstime in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting. While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet, Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive. As simple as it sounds, finding a personal happy place, going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M) Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else’s valuable time”, adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of Meetings. Having the skills to foresee potential traps and treat employees’ endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N) Most important, however, is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible, says Allen. By reshaping the way they prioritise employees’ time, companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks.36. Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings, the condition has not been considered worthy of further research until recently. 37. Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRS.38. Companies can get rid of the root cause of MRS if they give priority to workers’ time.39. If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree, it is extremely hard for them to transition to the next task.40. Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet is several times more.41. Phyllis Hartman has learned by herself many of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkable success in freeing herself fromunnecessary meetings.42. When meetings continue too long or don’t engage employees, they deplete vitality.43. When the time of meetings is reduced, employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44. Some employees consider meetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45. According to Mroz, if all his suggestions were applied, a very obvious change would be a steep decrease in the number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible. Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word “cutting” and that it hurts.What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying —and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better usedsparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46. Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A) Both are recognized when heard.B) Both have exactly the same tone.C) Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.D) Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.47. How do many people feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A) They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person.B) They feel belittled and disrespected.C) They feel a strong urge to retaliate.D) They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48. What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A) They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B) They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C) They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.D) They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.49. What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A) It makes others happier and more self-confident.B) It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C) It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D) It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50. What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm?A) Their clarity.B) Their appreciation.C) Their emphasis.D) Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category “dog” if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs.“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,” says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. “Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. “These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don’t know which is most effective for learning,” says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagi principle’, practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories.“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv. “For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people’ s curiosity and generate morework on the topic,” concludes Raviv.“Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?”51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A) They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B) They will try to categorise other objects first.C) They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D) They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A) Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B) Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C) Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D) Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A) Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B) Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C) Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D) Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A) People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B) Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C) People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D) The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A) Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B) Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C) Arouse people’s interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D) Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.。

2014-2015年大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题及答案(4×3共12套)

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through care fully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have 36 such as tax-free interest. Some may even be 37. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.Two questions often 38 first-time corporate bond investors. The first is "If I purchase acorporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?" The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on 39 securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date,you're not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have 40 that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a 41 ,i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you maybe able to sell it at a premium, i. e., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally 42 inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and viceversa (反之亦然). Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk.The second question is "How can I 43 the investment risk of a particular bond issue?"Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And 44 , the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读

6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套认真阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 20xx. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by across-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economicwelfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 20xx. In 20xx, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-20xxs, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 20xx, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. 46.What does the author think of the 20xx report by the Census Bureau?A.It is based on questionable statistics.B.It reflects the economic changes.C.It evidences the improved-welfare.D.Itprovides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A.It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B.It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C.It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D.It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being. 48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person? A.It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B.It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare. C.It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D.It failed to count in their difference in natural resources. 49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method? A.It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B.It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C.It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.D.It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time. 50.What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being? A.It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B.It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C.It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D.It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-20xxs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you...." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony overa decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

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2014年6月第三套 Concerned 担忧的，关注的，关切的/ it turns out that结果是。。。被证明是。。。 / divide n.分歧 / spouse配偶 / envisage v.想象 / survey 调查 / slightly 稍微,轻微 / Be more apt to 更趋向于… issue争论的焦点,热点问题; 杂志的一期; v. 发行 / be laid off 被辞退,下岗 / confidential 机密的;表示信任的 package包裹,盒 / Radically彻底地,完全地,激进地 / formula 公式,等式,配方/ forthcoming即将到来的 / illustrate阐释，说明 / spoil v.宠爱，溺爱 / underestimate低估 / recession不景气，衰退 / labor market indicator就业市场风向标 / proportion比例，比份 / long-term长期的 / postwar recession战后经济衰退 / circulate循环，流动，流通 / narrative n. 叙述，讲述，故事 / aggregate总体的，合计的 / slump 下降，衰退/ largely大体上，大多数 / monetary 钱的，货币的/ stimulus刺激物 / over-regulation过度管理，过度干预 / commit to致力于，努力做/ hands-off approach放手政策 / interpretation阐释，解释 / regulatory管理的，加以规范的 / structural change结构变化 / transition转变，变迁 / emerge出现，浮现 / decline下降，减少 / restructure重新构建 / great depression经济大萧条 / an economic transition经济转型 / impact v. & n.冲击，影响 / internal内部的,内在的 / significant意义重大的,重要的 / transition转变,变迁 / squeeze挤压 / hammer敲打,锤 / evolutionary演变的,进化的 / eventually最终,最后 / classify分类,分级 / overall总体的,总括的 / exceed超越,超过 / corresponding declines相应的下降 / manual occupations体力劳动职业 / peak巅峰,高点 / justify证明…有理 / subsistence存活,生存,生存之道 / occupation职业 / structural-transition结构转型 / mismatch错配,配合不当 / revival复苏 / plurality诸多,多元化 / suburban economy郊区经济 / expand扩大,膨胀 / routine日常,例行公事 / post-war economy战后经济/ trend趋势 / manual labor体力劳动 / sector部门 / proportion比份,比例 / less physically demanding对体能要求不太高的 / cognitive skills 认知能力/ well-defined procedures定义明确,职责清晰的流程 / advanced进步的,高级的 / widen拓宽 / generation一代人 / mortgage抵押贷款 / consumer loan 消费者贷款/ credit scoring信用得分,信用评级 / electronic电子的 / availability可以获得,可以得到 / well-defined jobs职责明确的工作岗位 / be characterized具有…特征 / precise精确的,精准的 / instructions指示,指导 / candidate候选人 / automate使…自动化 / outsource 外包/ modestly中等,适度 / polarization 两极分化/ earnings / percentage / category / outlook / mid-skill jobs对技术要求不高的工作岗位/ online course在线课程 / artificial intelligence人工智能 / eliminate淘汰,排除 / productivity生产能力 / argue 争论,争辩/ run out of用尽,用完 / emerge出现 / average普通的;平均的 / well-being辛福状态 / widespread 广为流传的/ intellectually challenging对知识储备有要求,有挑战性 / physically demanding对体力要求高的 / prove beneficial证明有益处 / temporarily暂时地 / suburban郊区的 / decade 十年/ postgraduate研究生 / fiscal stimulus财政刺激 / account for 解释,是…的原因;占据/ be opposed 与…相反/ endangered practice罕见的做法 / preserve保存,保留 / historic building 历史性建筑/ jeopardize 危害/ intellectual智力的,知识的 / emotional 情绪的,情感的/ preservation保存,存留 / critical part of our culture文化的重要组成部分 / literature文献,文学 / appreciate感激,欣赏 / literally字面的,逐字逐句的 / cognitive science 认知科学/ demonstrate展示,演示 / immersive沉浸的,浸入的 / moral道德的/ complexity复杂性 / strictly speaking严格说来 / conventional传统的,习俗上的 / built-in limits天生的局限 / immerse沉浸 / reference引用,提及 / figures of speech修辞 / mental大脑的 / representation代表 / draw on 利用/ unfold展开 / moral dilemmas道德困境 / vigorous exercise有益的有力量的锻炼 / fictional character虚构的人物 / capacity容量,理解力,领悟力/ empathy共鸣,情感 / browsing through浏览 / information-driven reading 以信息寻找为导向的阅读/ digital natives数字原住民 / electronic devices电子设备 / in print 印刷/ onscreen在屏幕上的 / complement补充 / preserve保存,保留 / indispensable必不可少的 / intellectual智力的,知识的 / emotional growth情感发展 / appreciate the complexity of language欣赏和理解语言的复杂性 / cognitive growth认知水平的提高 / rhetorical devices修辞手法 / impairs损害,伤害 / up-to-date更新的,最新的 / render使… / be less informed消息不太灵通的 / immigration移民 / immigrant移民 / abstract抽象的 / concrete 具体的/ formulate形成 / standpoint立场 / illegal immigration 非法移民/ achieve an unattainable / in practice在实践中 / current当前的,眼下的 / controversy / conduct / admit / welfare state / in the context在上下文中 / major 主要的,大的/ inescapable无法逃避的 / utterly彻底地,完全地 / advocate宣扬,提倡 / incompatible不合拍的,不兼容的 / irreversible decision不能改变的决定 / incalculable consequence无法预计的后果 / terrorist attack恐怖袭击 / comprehensive综合性的 / in a rush匆忙 / base on abstract notions基于抽象的理念 / citizenship公民身份 / purpose目的 / background 背景/ extent程度 / achieve success获得成功 / ideal outcome理想的结果 / intention意图,目的 / contribute to..有助于…导致… / comprehensive immigration reforms全面的移民改革 / incompatibility 不兼容/ consequence后果 / indifferent冷漠,麻木