Integrated Admission and Congestion Control for QoS Support in Clusters

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中国联通本地综合承载与传送设备技术规范

中国联通本地综合承载与传送设备技术规范12中国联通公司发布中国联通本地综合承载传送网设备技术规范v1.0Technical Specification for China Unicom Local Unified Transport Network Equipment v1.0(NEQ)中国联通公司企业标准QB/CU 057- -1-18发布-1-18实施目次1范围............................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

2规范性引用文件 ....................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

3定义、术语和缩略语 ............................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

4设备基本要求............................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

4.1 设备基本要求..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

5通用技术规范............................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

5.1 设备系统架构..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

QOS(Quality Of Server)

QOS(Quality Of Server)（在拥塞时才用）哪些问题会影响网络的数据传输1、有限的带宽2、延迟3、抖动4、丢包解决可用带宽的方法：1、升级带宽，增加链路带宽2、让优先级高的流量先过3、压缩二层的帧4、压缩IP包的头部延迟的分类：1、处理延迟--网络设备将数据帧从入接口取出，将其放到接收队列，再放到出接口输出队列所需的时间2、排队延迟--数据包在接口的输出队列中等待的时间3、串行化延迟--将封装在数据帧中比特放到物理介质上的时间4、传播延迟--通过物理介质传输数据帧中的比特所需的时间注意：只有排队延迟可以通过使用QOS来进行控制QOS服务模型：1、尽力而为的服务--没有应用QOS，网络的默认行为2、集成服务--所有的中间系统和资源都显式的为流提供预定的服务，这种服务需要预留网络资源，确保网络能够满足通信流的特定服务要求。

3、区分服务--将根据服务要求将通信流分类，然后将它们加入到效率不同的队列中，使一些通信流优先于其他类别的通信流得到处理。

IntServ集成服务是通过使用RSVP（Resource Reservation Protocol资源预留协议）实现的，在两个端点中间网络设备上都要启用RSVP。

工作原理--数据流在发送之前，起始节点会向网络请求特定类型的服务，并将其流量配置文件告诉网络中的每个中间节点，请求网络提供一种能够满足其带宽和延迟要求的服务。

在从网络得到确认后，应用才开始发送数据。

资源预留的过程分为5步：1、数据发送方发送rsvp path控制消息，这种消息描述了将要被发送的数据的信息。

2、每个rsvp路由器收到path消息后，保存上一跳的IP地址，并继续向下发送。

3、接收站接收到rsvp path消息后，使用rsvp resv消息向上一跳路由器请求rsvp资源预留。

rsvp resv消息从接收方到发送方所经过的路径与rsvp path消息到来时完全相同。

4、rsvp路由器确定是否可以满足这些rsvp请求，如果不能，则拒绝。

计算机网络英文题库(附答案)chapter

Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet1．The ( ) is a worldwide computer network, that is, a network that interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world. ppt3A public InternetB IntranetC switch netD television net2．Which kind of media is not a guided media? ( )A twisted-pair copper wireB a coaxial cableC fiber opticsD digital satellite channel3．Which kind of media is a guided media? ( )A geostationary satelliteB low-altitude satelliteC fiber opticsD wireless LAN4．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ).A FramesB SegmentsC DatagramsD bit streams5．Which of the following option belongs to the circuit-switched networks? ( )A FDMB TDMC VC networksD both A and B6．( )makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast.A Reliable data transferB Flow controlC Congestion controlD Handshaking procedure7．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.A Store-and-forward transmissionB FDMC End-to-end connectionD TDM8．Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( ).A datagram networks are circuit-switchednetworks, and virtual-circuit networks arepacket-switched networks.B datagram networks are packet-switchednetworks, and virtual-circuit networks arecircuit-switched networks.C datagram networks use destinationaddresses and virtual-circuit networks useVC. numbers to forward packets toward theirdestination.D datagram networks use VC. numbers andvirtual-circuit networks use destinationaddresses to forward packets toward theirdestination.9．In the following options, which one is not a guided media? ( )A twisted-pair wireB fiber opticsC coaxial cableD satellite10．Processing delay does not include the time to ( ).A examine the packet’s headerB wait to transmit the packet onto the linkC determine where to direct the packetD check bit-error in the packet11．In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? ( )A The traffic intensity must be greater than1.B The fraction of lost packets increases asthe traffic intensity decreases.C If the traffic intensity is close to zero,the average queuing delay will be close tozero.D If the traffic intensity is close to one,the average queuing delay will be close toone.12．The Internet’s network layer is responsible for moving network-layer packets known as ( ) from one host to another.A frameB datagramC segmentD message13．The protocols of various layers are called ( ).A the protocol stackB TCP/IPC ISPD network protocol14．There are two classes of packet-switched networks: ( ) networks and virtual-circuit networks.A datagramB circuit-switchedC televisionD telephone15．Access networks can be loosely classified into three categories: residential access, company access and ( ) access.A cabledB wirelessC campusD city areaQuestion 16～17Suppose, a is the average rate at which packets arrive at the queue, R is the transmission rate, and all packets consist of L bits, then the traffic intensity is ( 16 ), and it should no greater than ( 17 ).16． A LR／aB La／RC Ra／LD LR／a17．A 2B 1C 0D -118．In the Internet, the equivalent concept to end systems is ( ).A hostsB serversC clientsD routers19．In the Internet, end systems are connected together by ( ).A copper wireB coaxial cableC communication linksD fiber optics20．End systems access to the Internet through its ( ).A modemsB protocolsC ISPD sockets21．End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet, run ( ) that control thesending and receiving of information within the Internet.A programsB processesC applicationsD protocols22．There are many private networks, such as many corporate and government networks, whose hosts cannot exchange messages with hosts outside of the private network. These private networks are often referred to as ( ).A internetsB LANC intranetsD WAN23．The internet allows ( ) running on its end systems to exchange data with each other.A clients applicationsB server applicationsC P2P applicationsD distributed applications24．The Internet provides two services to its distributed applications: a connectionlessunreliable service and () service.A flow controlB connection-oriented reliableC congestion controlD TCP25．It defines the format and the order of messagesexchanged between two or more communicatingentities, as well as the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message orother event. The sentence describes ( ).A InternetB protocolC intranetD network26．In the following options, which does not define in protocol? ( )A the format of messages exchanged betweentwo or more communicating entitiesB the order of messages exchanged betweentwo or more communicating entitiesC the actions taken on the transmission ofa message or other eventD the transmission signals are digitalsignals or analog signals27．In the following options, which is defined in protocol? ( )A the actions taken on the transmission and/orreceipt of a message or other eventB the objects exchanged between communicating entitiesC the content in the exchanged messagesD the location of the hosts28．In the following options, which does not belong to the network edge? ( )A end systemsB routersC clientsD servers29．In the following options, which belongs to the network core? ( )A end systemsB routersC clientsD servers30．In the following options, which is not the bundled with the Internet’sconnection-oriented service? ( )A reliable data transferB guarantee of the transmission timeC flow controlD congestion-control31．An application can rely on the connection to deliver all of its data without error and in the proper order. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC reliable data transferD connection-oriented service32．It makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC connection-oriented serviceD reliable data transfer33．It helps prevent the Internet from entering a state of gridlock. When a packet switch becomes congested, its buffers can overflow and packet loss can occur. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC connection-oriented serviceD reliable data transfer34．The Internet’s connection-oriented service has a name, it is ( ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP35．In the following options, which service does not be provided to an application by TCP?( )A reliable transportB flow controlC video conferencingD congestion control36．The Internet’s connectionless service is called ( ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP37．In the following options, which does not use TCP?( )A SMTPB internet telephoneC FTPD HTTP38．In the following options, which does not use UDP?( )A Internet phoneB video conferencingC streaming multimediaD telnet39．There are two fundamental approaches to buildinga network core, ( ) and packet switching.A electrical current switchingB circuit switchingC data switchingD message switching40．In ( ) networks, the resources needed along a path to provide for communication between the end system are reserved for the duration of the communication session.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched41．In ( ) networks, the resources are not reserved;a session’s messages use the resources ondemand, and as a consequence, may have to wait for access to communication link.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched42．In a circuit-switched network, if each link has n circuits, for each link used by the end-to-end connection, the connection gets ( ) of thelink’s bandwidth for the duration of theconnection.A a fraction 1/nB allC 1/2D n times43．For ( ), the transmission rate of a circuit is equal to the frame rate multiplied by the number of bits in a slot.A CDMAB packet-switched networkC TDMD FDM44．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.A Queuing delayB Store-and-forward transmissionC Packet lossD Propagation45．The network that forwards packets according to host destination addresses is called ( )network.A circuit-switchedB packet-switchedC virtual-circuitD datagram46．The network that forwards packets according to virtual-circuit numbers is called ( ) network.A circuit-switchedB packet-switchedC virtual-circuitD datagram47．In the following entries, which is not a kind of access network?( )A residential accessB company accessC wireless accessD local access48．Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host. The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and thereceiving host are R1 and R2, respectively.Assuming that the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L? (Ignorequeuing delay, propagation delay, andprocessing delay.) ( )A L/R1＋L/R2B L/R1C L/R2D none of the above49．The time required to examine the packet’s headerand determine where to direct the packet is part of the ( ).A queuing delayB processing delayC propagation delayD transmission delay50．The time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to the next router is ( ).A queuing delayB processing delayC propagation delayD transmission delay51．Consider sending a packet of 3000bits over a path of 5 links. Each link transmits at 1000bps. Queuing delays, propagation delay and processing delay are negligible. (6 points)(1).Suppose the network is a packet-switched virtual circuit network. VC setup time is 0.1 seconds. Suppose the sending layers add a total of 500 bits of header to each packet. How long does it take to send the file from source to destination?(2).Suppose the network is a packet-switched datagram network and a connectionless service is used. Now suppose each packet has 200 bits of header. How long does it take to send the file?(3).Suppose that the network is a circuit-switched network. Further suppose that the transmission rate of the circuit between source and destination is 200bps. Assuming 0.02s setup time and 200 bits of header appended to the packet, how long does it take to send the packet?Solution:?(1) .?t=5*(3000+500)/1000+0.1=17.6s?(2). t=5*(3000+200)/1000=16s(3). t=(3000+200)/200+0.02=16.02s。

Mellanox IS5030 Switch System产品简介说明书

SWITCH SYSTEMIS503036-port Non-blocking Managed 40Gb/s InfiniBand Switch SystemIS5030©2011 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved.350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100, Sunnyvale, CA 94085Tel: 408-970-3400 • Fax: 3348PB Rev 1.1© Copyright 2011. Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved.Mellanox, BridgeX, ConnectX, CORE-Direct, InfiniBlast, InfiniBridge, InfiniHost, InfiniRISC, InfiniScale, InfiniPCI, PhyX, Virtual Protocol Interconnect and Voltaire are registered trademarks of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd.FabricIT is a trademark of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.* Also available through Mellanox Certified Resellers and Distributors* Also available in short depth form factor and with 2 power supplies. Consult your Mellanox Sales Representative for further details.SAFETY–US/Canada: cTUVus –EU: IEC60950 –International: CB EMC (EMISSIONS) –USA: FCC, Class A –Canada: ICES, Class A –EU: EN55022, Class A –EU: EN55024, Class A –EU: EN61000-3-2, Class A –EU: EN61000-3-3, Class A –Japan: VCCI, Class A ENVIRONMENTAL–EU: IEC 60068-2-64: Random Vibration –EU: IEC 60068-2-29: Shocks, Type I / II –EU: IEC 60068-2-32: Fall TestOPERATING CONDITIONS –Operating 0ºC to 45ºC, Non Operating -40ºC to 70ºC –Humidity: Operating 5% to 95%, –Altitude: Operating -60 to 2000m,–Noise: 55dB - Noise reduction by controlling fan speed ACCOUSTIC –ISO 7779 –ETS 300 753 OTHERS–RoHS-5 compliant –Rack-mountable, 1U –1-year warrantyINFINIBAND SWITCH–36 QDFP non blocking switch with aggregate throughput of up to 2.88 Tb/s –Port-to-port latency < 100ns –IBTA 1.21 compliant–9 Virtual lanes: 8 data + 1 management –Adaptive routing –Congestion control –Port mirroring–48K entry linear forwarding data base MANAGEMENT PORTS –RS232 Console (RJ45) –Ethernet (RJ45) –USB portCONNECTORS AND CABLING –QSFP connectors–Passive/Active copper or fiber cable –Fiber media adapters INDICATORS–Per port status LED: Link, Activity –System status LED:Fan and power supplies LEDs POWER SUPPLY –Dual redundant slots –Hot plug operation–Input range: 100 - 240VAC–Frequency: 50-60Hz, single phase AC FANS–Front-to-rear or rear-to-front cooling option –Hot-swappable fan unit–Auto-heat sensing for silent fan operation –Fan speed controlled through management softwareCOMPLIANCEHARDWAREINFINIBAND–IBTA Specification 1.2.1 compliant–Integrated subnet manager agent–Adaptive routing–Congestion control–256 to 4Kbyte MTU–9 virtual lanes: 8 data + 1 management –48K entry linear forwarding data base –Port Mirroring MANAGEMENT–Fast and efficient fabric bring-up–Fabric-wide bandwidth verification–Comprehensive chassis management –Mellanox API for 3rd party integration –Intuitive CLI and GUI for easy access ©2011 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved.。

Receiver

Raj Jain 8
The Ohio State University
Flow Specification
Traffic Spec Network Traffic Spec Sender Receiver QoS Spec Available Resources
q q
q
TSpec: Token bucket parameters RSpec (QoS): Allocated Rate (R) and delay slack (S) S = Extra acceptable delay over that obtainable with R Zero slack ⇒ Reserve exactly R. RSpec specified only for guaranteed rate service. Not for controlled load service.
Raj Jain 5
The Ohio State University
Components of QoS Architecture
1. Services with different QoS: Service definitions 2. Ways for users to communicate what they need: Signaling or admission control 3. Ways for providers to ensure that users are following their commitment: Policing/shaping 4. Ways for providers to find the routes: QoS based routing 5. QoS based forwarding: Buffer Allocation and Drop Policy, Queueing Discipline and Service Policy, Traffic Management of elastic traffic The Ohio State University Raj Jain

DDS(1)

Dynamic Mission Replanning
Image Processing & Tracking
DARPA PCES Capstone demo, 4/14/05, White Sands Missile Range
8
Tutorial on DDS
Douglas C. Schmidt
Case Study: QoS-enabled Publish/Subscribe Technologies for Tactical Information Management
Real-time Info to Cockpit Real-time Event Service Object Request Broker Tactical Network & RTOS
Problem: Net-centricity is afterthought 10 in platform-centric technologies
Goal is “better than best-effort,” subject to resource constraints… 12
Tutorial on DDS
Douglas C. Schmidt
Overview of the Data Distribution Service (DDS)
Applications
Interceptor Sys Cond Sys Cond Sys Cond Sys Cond
Applications
Interceptor
Middleware
Workload & Replicas
Local Resource Managers

QoS

的智能网络，可以自动区分重要的应用数据和普通它
生哪种数据包。没有分类，网络就不能确定对特殊数据包要进行的处理。所有应用都会在数据包上留下可
以用来识别源应用的标识，分类就是检查这些标识，识别数据包是由哪个应用产生的。２标注功能。在识别数据包之后，对它进行标）要
维普资讯
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技术大
观
ＱＳ网络功能与设计ｏ
目前，经实现网络信息化的机构、位和企业，已单基本上都处于一种软件应用的环境中，计算机局域其网都必须拥有足够的带宽和强大的服务质量（ｏ）ＱＳ，以便在任何条件下都能提供可靠和可预测的应用性能。可想而知，如今应用多样化的情况下，有ＱＳ在没ｏ的网络会影响整个网络的运行。通常在是对关但键应用和多媒体应用就十分必要。尤其当网络过载或拥塞时，ｏＱＳ可以确保重要业务量不受延迟或丢弃，同时保证网络的高效运行。拥有ＱＳ的网络是一种新型ｏ
时间来实现。由于电子变焦，图像像素间会产生黑部分，用垂直内插和水平内插来消除它。电子变焦倍利数太大时，引起图像颗粒明显的缺点。视频展示台会

IJWMT-V11-N6-2

I.J. Wireless and Microwave Technologies, 2021, 6, 10-19Published Online December 2021 in MECS (/)DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2021.06.02Boosted Lara Translation and Assessment Utilizing Fuzzy Grounded Impression in Wireless CommunicationAyesha TaranumResearch scholar & Asst Prof, GSSSIETW, Mysuru-570016, IndiaE-mail:ezhan123@Reshma BanuProf & Head, GSSSIETW, Mysuru-570016, IndiaE-mail:Reshma127banu@G. F Ali AhammedAssoc Prof, VTU-RO, Mysuru-570018, IndiaE-mail:aliahammed78@Received: 17 September 2021; Accepted: 28 October 2021; Published: 08 December 2021Abstract: A Wireless Network is an assortment of organization hubs that can work with framework or Adhoc mode. Because of the absence of incorporated control in Adhoc-based remote organizations, planning a steering convention to give a proficient and appropriate technique to course the information with fewer clogs, bundle drop has turned into a difficult issue in remote organizations. The significant goal of the present review is to foster a Load Aware Congestion Control. The further developed rendition of directing conventions is proposed Fuzzy Enhanced Load Aware Routing in Ad hoc (FE-LARA). Here, WNs climate is recreated in MATLAB for different situations to figure LARA and FE-LARA. Outcomes got from this extensive investigation discover that FE-LARA offers a strong improvement in opposition to winning methodology with LARA and it largely concentrates for corresponding flow of load of data amidst various multi-paths which are exposed, lower queue length for various nodes. A network would consequently be resilient to node catastrophes and activate through diminutive or no mainstay substructureIndex Terms: FE-LARA, LARA, Congestion, Multipath1. IntroductionWNs are made out of a few hubs, and an enormous number of them have been created in far and difficult-to-reach locales. Hubs are utilized for gathering information. Remote radio obstructions make an association among hubs and connection them to the base station also. The hubs send the information, accumulated in climate, of base station with solitary bounce/ multi-jump way hubs can have wide scope of work. In different words, straightforward hubs may very well screen actual marvels while confounded ones can join different Wireless organizations are self-coordinated, self-overseeing network framework that contains tremendous conveyed hubs. A definitive goal of WN distinguishes with development with portable targets checking circumstances such as moistness, temperature, and dampness of the climate. WNs hubs are by and large having innate requirements like the availability of energy supply alongside correspondence or computational capacity. Suggested multipath directing for homogeneous WNs. Motivation behind suggesting directing technique which decrease utilization of energy then equilibrium weight, brings about further developed organization lifetime. Likewise, we plan to diminish the bundle misfortune rate. The proposed steering technique incorporates 3 stages: grouping network hubs, finding the ways among CHs, and keeping up with the ways. This examination has proceeded with solid demonstrating and investigation for contributing and to secure huge upgrades: Initially, an original and upgraded followed refreshing system dependent with dynamism levels of networking technique expected further develop for the lifetime of network. At last, reproduction has been finished with MATLAB re-enactment climate for figuring measurements.2. Related WorksIn multipath coordinating cooperation, different ways are set up from source to destination target centres traffic which is parcelled with multiple ways. Essential advantages of multiple way coordinating have high constancy ways with extended capability with correspondence joins information transmission. The certain new investigation considers on making successful multipath guiding systems are analysed in the going with.Moridi et al. [1] presents FTCM computation of WNs. The arrangement creates creamer energy-capable flowed gathering with set up in the computation. CH centre can find insufficient centres gathering and using various testing and separate larger part projecting voting form. Moreover, a support centre point picked in individually gathering. Which is depended for saving data copies, screen and introduce CH, further foster variation to the interior disappointment of gathering head centre point. Three different ways found from source CH to BS. The courses picked reliant with limits: waiting energy, no. of ricochets, expansion rapidity & steadfast quality.Cai et al. [2] tended to versatile energy-capable multipath coordinating for WNs Bee C; system further evolved interpretation of Bee-. Believe it or not, Bee- - C inquiry-driven multipath controlling, made of essential stages: melding bundles, creating diverse ways, and sending data. In the chief stage, an exceptional grouping system has been tended to. In this manner bundle erection outlined. Resulting stage, phony bumble bee state estimation develops various ways among CHs and the sinkManjeshwar et al. [3] recommended guiding procedure standardized WNs, limit sensitive energy capable association show. Strategy responsive coordinating show. In this strategy, on happening a change of a gathering, the CH ought to impart the hard and sensitive limit regards to its pack people. Centre points sense their present situation consistently and convey their data to the CH as shown by the edge regards.3. Fuzzy based load Aware RoutingThe assessment, unique dynamism efficiency-based weight changing measure will be normally redesigned overall reviving method and chipped away at neighbourhood heuristic arrangement. This work offers a valuable energy-powerful controlling methodology for WNs to discard explicit objectives in winning models.Fig.1. Link Establishment3.1 Energy ModelDistance between from source to destination with data various size of packets will be measured aimed at for each node for energy consumption. Total energy utilization for transmission of data, will be calculated using equation (1).()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+<+=0402,D D fD b bE D D if D b bE D b E mp e fs e tx εε (1)Where, the distance among nodes of node and its receiver is represented as D , total bits in a data pack is denoted as b , e E is the quantity of energy degenerated per bit at the time of data transmission,fs εis the transmission amplifier’s amplification coefficient in free space and the transmission amplifier’s amplification coefficient at multipath transmission is denoted as mp ε and Distance D o for high communication with each node estimated by equation (2)√(2)Energy utilized ( E rx ) amount of bits b acknowledged with receiver node, is estimated by equation( ) (3) 3.2 Cluster FormationIn the cluster formation phase, the mobile nodes will be amalgamated in formation of clusters Dynamic K-means technique merges with data from “K” clusters. Computation can be done using E qu (2) for K value. Network region partitioned as “K” no. of clusters having high intra-cluster and less inter-cluster.√(4)4. Simulation and EvaluationEvaluated the performance of the LARA and FE-LARA method using MATLAB simulation, and the result willcompare with the LARA and FE-LARA protocol. The simulation parameters are taken from and are listed in Table 1. The simulation results are as belowTable 1. Simulation ParametersFig. 2. Scenario for 200 nodes with 200 as packet rateIn figure 2.the representation of Scenario for 200 nodes with 200 as packet rate is been presented.Fig. 3. Graph for normalized routing overhead for LARAFig. 4. Graph for packet drop ratio for LARAFig. 5. Graph for Average end to end delay for LARAFig. 6. Graph for packet delivery ratio for LARAFig. 7. Graph for normalized routing overhead for FE- LARAFig. 8. Graph for packet drop ratio for FE-LARAeFig. 9. Graph for Average end to end delay for FE-LARAFig. 10. Graph for packet drop ratio for FE- LARAFrom Fig. 3 to Fig. 10 represents the Graphs for normalized routing overhead, packet drop ratio, Average end to end delay and packet drop ratio for both LARA and FE- LARAFig. 11. Analysis Graph for normalized routing the overhead of LARA and FE-LARAFig. 12. Analysis Graph for packet drop ratio of LARA and FE- LARAFig. 13. Analysis Graph for normalized routing the overhead of LARA and FE-LARAFig. 14. Analysis Graph for packet drop ratio of LARA and FE-LARAFrom Fig. 11 to Fig. 14 represents the analysis Graphs for normalized routing overhead ,packet drop ratio, Average end to end delay and packet drop ratio for both LARA and FE- LARATable 2. Analysis for LARA Packet and FE_LARA PacketDuring data transit between clusters, the fuzzy logic system is employed to detect congestion. After detecting congestion, the proposed protocol handles the problem by regulating the broadcast rate of each neighbour CH node using exponential weighted priority-based rate control (EWPBRC) algorithms the analysis for the same is represented in the above Table.2.5. ConclusionWireless network is been exploited for abundant investigational regions for tracing the data assortment. Networks have diverse resource restrictions due to which there is necessity for modelling efficient routing procedure for examination which discover that FE-LARA offers a strong improvement in opposition to winning methodology with LARA provides a multipath betterment and flow remoteness between the nodes.AcknowledgmentI would like to acknowledge all the paper authors who have provided a good work for research scholar as the basis for further researchwork.References[1]Prabha K. Performance assessment and comparison of efficient ad hoc reactive and proactive network routing protocols. SNComputer Science. 2020 Jan; 1(1):1-7.[2]Khudayer BH, Anbar M, Hanshi SM, Wan TC. Efficient route discovery and link failure detection mechanisms for sourcerouting protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. IEEE Access. 2020 Jan 29; 8:24019-32.[3]Muchtar F, Al-Adhaileh MH, Alubady R, Singh PK, Ambar R, Stiawan D. Congestion Control for Named Data Networking-Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network. InProceedings of First International Conference on Computing, Communications, andCyber-Security (IC4S 2019) 2020 (pp. 121-138). Springer, Singapore.[4]Nguyen TT. Multihop routing protocols on wireless ad hoc sensor networks with modified MAC layer and broadcastingscheme. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 2020:e5720.[5]Sajwan M, Gosain D, Sharma AK. Hybrid energy-efficient multipath routing for wireless sensor networks. Computers &Electrical Engineering. 2018 Apr 1;67:96-113.[6]Del-Valle-Soto C, Velázquez R, Valdivia LJ, Giannoccaro NI, Visconti P. An Energy Model Using Sleeping Algorithms forWireless Sensor Networks under Proactive and Reactive Protocols: A Performance Evaluation. Energies. 2020 Jan;13(11):3024.[7]Kumaran KM, Chinnadurai M. A Competent Ad-hoc Sensor Routing Protocol for Energy Efficiency in Mobile WirelessSensor Networks. Wireless Personal Communications. 2020 Aug 28:1-6.[8]Prabha K. Performance Assessment and Comparison of Efficient Ad Hoc Reactive and Proactive Network Routing Protocols.SN Computer Science. 2020 Jan 1;1(1):13.[9]Nurcahyani I, Laksono FF. Performance Analysis of Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic SourceRouting (DSR) Routing Protocols During Data Broadcast Storm Problem in Wireless Ad Hoc Network. In2019 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA) 2019 Aug 28 (pp. 29-34). IEEE.[10]Kadhim RJ, Croock MS. Developed Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET). 2018 Feb;7(2).[11]Govindasamy J, Punniakody S. A comparative study of reactive, proactive and hybrid routing protocol in wireless sensornetwork under wormhole attack. Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology. 2018 Dec 1;5(3):735-44.[12]Sajwan M, Gosain D, Sharma AK. CAMP: cluster-aided multi-path routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. WirelessNetworks. 2019 Jul 1;25(5):2603-20.[13]Awad FH. Optimization of relay node deployment for multisource multipath routing in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networksusing Gaussian distribution. Computer Networks. 2018 Nov 9;145:96-106.[14]Jan MA, Jan SR, Alam M, Akhunzada A, Rahman IU. A comprehensive analysis of congestion control protocols in wirelesssensor networks. Mobile networks and applications. 2018 Jun 1;23(3):456-68.[15]Moridi E, Haghparast M, Hosseinzadeh M, Jafarali Jassbi S (2020) Novel fault- tolerant clustering-based multipath algorithm(FTCM) for wirelessnetworks. Telecommun Syst, pp 1–14[16]Cai X, Duan Y, He Y, Yang J, Li C (2015) Bee- -c: An energy-efficient and scalable multipath routing protocol for wirelessnetworks. International Journal of Distributed Networks 11(3):976127[17]Manjeshwar A, Agrawal DP (2001, April) TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless networks. ipdps 1:189[18]Multipath routing through the firefly algorithm and fuzzy logic in wireless networks Amir Nader Shahbaz1 Hamid Barati1 AliBarati1 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer ScienceAuthors’ ProfilesAyesha Taranum, Research Scholar and Assistant Professor, Dept. of ISE, GSSSIETW, Mysuru. With 12+years of rich experience .Pursuing PhD under VTU. Has been an active member of various professional bodies.Has Organized National Competitions /Talk/ Workshop/ Conferences. Has been awarded with best paper /bestproject and various funds.Dr. Reshma Banu, Professor & HOD,ISE Dept at GSSS Institute of Engg & Technology for women, Mysuru.Has 19 yrs of Teaching and Research Experience. Submitted Book chapters She represented Dept. of ISEduring NBA Visit. She succeeded in Getting NBA Accreditation by New Delhi, India, for ISE, Dept. for 3years in year 2017 and Re-Accreditation for 3 years in year 2020. Won Organized National Competitions/Talk/ Workshop/ Conferences / FDP/ Session / Seminar/Webinars / Student Convention and Received Fundby KSCST in 2017, 2018, 2019 & 2020. Received Funds by (SMYSR). Received Funds by VTU TEQIP 1.3 inanizing Chair for 5 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Electronics CommunicationComputer Technologies & Optimization Techniques ICEECCOT- 2016,2017,2018 & 2019 and NationalStandards) at GSSSIETW. She has published nearly 40 Research papers in International, National Journals/conferences and book chapters.Dr. G.F Ali Ahammed ,Associate professor & Head,Associate professor & Head, Dept. of Digital Electronicsand Communication Systems, VTU-RO, MysuruDr. G. F Ali Ahammed received Ph.D. degree from SriKrishna Devaraya University, Anantapur(A.P) in 2011. Presently he is guiding six Ph.D. scholars. He has 20years of Academic, Research and Administrative experience and has published more than fifty research papersin National, International Journals and Conferences.How to cite this paper: Ayesha Taranum, Reshma Banu, G. F Ali Ahammed, "Boosted Lara Translation and Assessment Utilizing Fuzzy Grounded Impression in Wireless Communication", International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies(IJWMT), Vol.11, No.6, pp. 10-19, 2021.DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2021.06.02。

Mellanox Spectrum RoCE-Ready Switch 产品介绍说明书

Ethernet is ubiquitous in today’s data centers and cloud networks as a unified, scale-outinfrastructure fabric that connects compute and storage. With increasingly powerfulCPUs and GPUs and faster storage being utilized in scale-out infrastructures, thenetwork fabric must also be sped up in order to transport the intensive data movementsbetween compute/storage servers in the data center/cloud. High performance fabricsmust transfer data between servers with low latency, between CPU, GPU, memory, andstorage, so that the amount of time it takes to access remote data is almost the sameas accessing local data. The resulting transparent data locality has become a mandatoryrequirement for high-performance and distributed applications, including:•Machine Learning •NVMe-oF •In-memory databases •Distributed file systems • VM migrationAutomatic RoCE Acceleration With Effortless ConfigurationMellanox Spectrum®— The RoCE-Ready SwitchSOLUTION BRIEFRDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) was developed to addresses this challenge. By eliminating latency-expensive data copying, CPU/GPU interrupts, and context switching, RDMA delivers the lowest latency for data tranfers between servers while offloading CPUs/GPUs for much improved server efficiency. RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) is the most-adapted RDMA implementation for data center/cloudapplications over Ethernet. These applicationsinclude Microsoft Storage Spaces Direct, VMwarevSphere and vSAN, Spark, Hadoop, Oracle RAC,and AI/ML frameworks. In this context, RoCE hasbecome the eponym of low-latency networking indata centers and clouds today.With its heritage in high-performance computing, Mellanox leads RDMA/RoCE technology development and offers the most mature and advanced RoCE solution in the industry. In particular, by being the only vendor that offers a complete end-to-end RoCE solution, Mellanox enables RoCE at its best in any Ethernet network, regardless of speed, topology, and scale.Figure 1. Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)While Mellanox ConnectX ® network adapter cards provide zero-touch RoCE-ba hardware-acceleration in the server, MellanoxSpectrum switches deliver RoCE optimization in the network fabric. Mainly, Mellanox Spectrum switches optimize RoCE deployments in the following key areas:•Effortless RoCE configuration •Automatic RoCE acceleration • Real-time RoCE visibilityEffortless RoCE ConfigurationDepending on deployments, configuring the network fabric for RoCE involves multiple steps – classifying ingress traffic flows, setting QoS for these flows, and enabling congestion control notification, for example. Manually completing these steps for the switches is not trivial and often error-prone. In contrast, Mellanox Spectrum switches simplify the RoCE configuration with a single “roce” command, which applies a best-practices configuration for optimal performance.Figure 2. End-to-end Mellanox RoCEFigure 3. Command Mellanox RoCE ConfigurationRoCE Made EasyMellanox also offers a GUI for easy RoCE configuration with its network orchestrator, Mellanox NEO ®. With one click, NEO automatically configures RoCE on Spectrum Switches as well as ConnectX NICs for fabric-wide end-to-end configuration.Automatic RoCE AccelerationAutomatic RoCE acceleration first stems from the high-performance and low-latency design of Mellanox Spectrum switches. Mellanox Spectrum switches provide line-rate throughput and ultra-low port-to-port switching latency at all speeds and packet sizes, with zero avoidable packet loss. Employing a shared-buffer architecture enables Mellanox Spectrum switches to deliver high performance and low latency fairly and predictably, which is crucial for software-defined platforms to run RoCE per defined priorities and policies without concerning the underlay switch characteristics.Automatic RoCE acceleration also comes from innovations in advanced congestion control. Mellanox Spectrum switches support both RoCEv1 and RoCEv2. In supporting per-flow congestion notification using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), Mellanox Spectrumswitches offer a FAST ECN feature, which allows faster responses to congestion events. Once congestion is detected, instead of marking packets as they enter the queue (at the tail of the queue), Mellanox Spectrum switches mark packets when they leave the queue (at the head of the queue). As a result, the congestion notification is received up to milliseconds sooner. Earlier received alerts, in turn, reduces the chance of congestion occurring, and improves overall application performance.Fully shared buffers in Mellanox Spectrum provide better capabilities at absorbing microbursts while avoiding the need to sendcongestion notifications. Better per-flow explicit congestion notification (ECN) handling prevents congestion spreading to “victim flows,” enabling RoCE to be used on a large scale without complex traffic engineering.Real-time RoCE VisibilityReal-time network telemetry is critical to manage, orchestrate, and troubleshoot/remediate the network, especially for latency-sensitive RoCE data flows. With a single command, “show roce” Mellanox Spectrum switches provide advanced RoCE telemetry for real-time visibility of the RDMA traffic, including counters of RoCE traffic and non RoCE traffic, congestion counters, as well as current & high-water buffer usage. ate the network, especially for latency-sensitive RoCE data flows. With a single command, “show roce” Mellanox Spectrum switches provide advanced RoCE telemetry for real-time visibility of the RDMA traffic, including counters ofRoCE traffic and non RoCE traffic, congestion counters, as well as current & high-water buffer usage.Figure 4. Faster Congestion Notification by Mellanox RoCEFigure 5. RoCE Monitoring with What Just Happened™Mellanox’s What Just Happened™ (WJH) advanced telemetry technology provides additional hardware accelerated root-cause analysisto RoCE data flows - to continuously validate flow-based configurations, detect traffic patterns and congestion conditions, and instantly inform you of when things go wrong and why they go wrong.In addition, configuring and monitoring RoCE can be done from a single-pane-of-glass within the NEO platform, which provides flow-based network visibility, one-click network provisioning, automated monitoring and reporting, and quick troubleshooting. Summary: Mellanox Spectrum is the Only RoCE-Ready SwitchWith business applications running on fast NVMe storage and ever-growing extensive data sets, RoCE is the de facto implementation of low-latency networking for these applications. RoCE is designed to support any Ethernet networks; however, RoCE works the best and the easiest with Mellanox end-to-end Ethernet solution. While Mellanox ConnectX NICs provide hardware RoCE acceleration to make RoCE transparent, Mellanox Spectrum switches do the same inside the network fabric. Mellanox Spectrum switches provide effortless RoCE configuration with a single command, real-time RoCE visibility for fast diagnostics and automatic acceleration for all RoCE use cases.About MellanoxMellanox Technologies is a leading supplier of end-to-end Ethernet interconnect solutions and services for enterprise data centers, Web 2.0, cloud, storage, AI and networked edge. More information is available at: 350 Oakmead Parkway,Suite 100, Sunnyvale, CA 94085Tel: 408-970-3400Fax: 408-970-340360366SB。

满足QoS约束的自适应Ad Hoc网络路由算法

［ｓａｔＡｂｔｃ］ＡｄＨｏｅｗｏｋｉａｔｍｐｒｒｌ—ｏｉｌｓｃｍｐｔｒｏｒｃｎｔｒｅｏａｙｍｕｔｈｐｗｒｅｓｏｕｅｍｍｕｉｔｎｎｔｒａｏｏｅｆｂｌｈｓｏｓｉｅｃｎｃｉｅｗｏｋｔｔｓｍｐｓｄｏｉｏｔｃｍｍｕｉａｎａｏｈｉｃｍｏｅｓｎｃｔｇｉ
中提供ＱＳ保证是非常困难的。因此，Ｑｏｏ软Ｓ和自适应ＱＳｏ是在移动ＡｏｄＨｃ网络中提供ＱＳ保证的２个妥协准则…。ｏ基于Ｑｏ路由协议的基本目标是确定满足ＱｏＳＳ需求的一条自
附加的参数相关的约束问题。处理与附加参数相关问题的方法则要困难更多。因此，不失一般性，这里考虑附加的方法。定义１多约束路径（ｌ—ｏｓａｅａ，Ｐ问题：ＭｕｔＣｎｔｉｄｔＭＣ）ｉｒｎＰｈ考虑一个网络Ｇ（，）ＶＥ。每条边（ｆ ∈Ｅ与个附加权Ｗ（）ｋｊｉ ≥０ｉ１，Ｋ相关联。给定个约束，，， …，＝２＝１，Ｋ，问题， …，２
文献标识码：Ａ
中圈分类号ｌＴ３３２Ｐ９．０
满足ＱｏＳ约束的自适应Ａｃ网络路由算法ｄＨｏ
张书奎
（苏州大学计算机科学与技术学院，苏州２０）０６１５
摘
一
要：自组网是由一组带有无线收发装置移动节点组成的一个能够支持多跳的临时性计算机通信网络，其拓扑的动态变化是该类网络的
ｗｉａｈｏｅｒｕｈｗｉｌｓｎｓＤｙａｃｏｏｏｙｉａｙｉａｃａａｔｒＡｎｗＱＳｒｕｎｌｏｔｍｒｂｌＡｄＨｏｅｗｏｋ，ｈｃｈｔｅｃｔｒｏｇｒｅｓｉｋ．ｎｍｉｐｌｇｐｃｌｈｒｃｅ．ｅｏｏｔｇａｇｒｈｔｈｅｌｔｓｔｉｉｈｆｉｃｎｔｒｓｗｉｉｏｍｏｅｈｓｎｍｅＳＡｒｅｆＡａｔｅＲｏｔｇＡｌｏｉｍ（ＳＲＡ）ｉｒｐｓｄｉｉｐｐｒＩｉｔｇａｅｅｍｕｔｌＱｏａａｔｒｏａｉｔａｄＱｏ — ｗａｅＳｌｄｐｉｕｉｇｒ－ｖｎｈｔＱＡ—Ａ，ｓｏｏｅｔｓａｅ．ｔｎｅｒｔｓｌｐｅＳｐｍｅｅｓｆｒｆｃｉｏｐｎｈｈｔｉｒｔｎ

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IntegratedAdmissionandCongestionControlforQoSSupportinClustersKiHwanYumEunJungKimChitaR.DasDepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineeringThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityUniversityPark,PA16802yum,ejkim,das@cse.psu.eduMazinYousifAdvancedComponentDivisionIntelCorporationHillsboro,OR97124mazin.s.yousif@intel.com

Jos´eDuatoDepartmentdeInform´aticadeSistemasyComputadoresUniversidadPolit´ecnicadeValencia46071-Valencia,Spainjduato@gap.upv.es

AbstractAdmissionandcongestioncontrolmechanismsareinte-gralpartsofanyQualityofService(QoS)designfornet-worksthatsupportintegratedtrafﬁc.Inthispaper,weproposeanadmissioncontrolalgorithmandacongestioncontrolalgorithmforclusters,whichareincreasinglybe-ingusedinadiversesetofapplicationsthatrequireQoSguarantees.Theuniquenessofourapproachisthatwedevelopthesealgorithmsforwormhole-switchednetworks.WeuseQoS-capablewormholeroutersandQoS-capablenetworkinterfacecards(NICs),referredtoasHostChan-nelAdapters(HCAs)inInﬁniBandTMArchitecture(IBA),toevaluatetheeffectivenessofthesealgorithms.Theadmis-sioncontrolisappliedattheHCAsandtherouters,whilethecongestioncontrolisdeployedonlyattheHCAs.Simulationresultsindicatethattheadmissionandcon-gestioncontrolalgorithmsarequiteeffectiveindeliveringtheassuredperformance.Theproposedcredit-basedcon-gestioncontrolalgorithmissimpleandpracticalinthatitreliesonhardwarealreadyavailableintheHCAtoregulatetrafﬁcinjection.

1IntroductionClusteringserversisacost-effectiveapproachindesign-ingscalableandhighperformancecomputersthatcansup-portvariousscientiﬁcandcommercialapplications.GiventhevarietyandsophisticationofservicessuchastransferofdynamicWebpages,multimediaobjects,ande-commerceAgreements(SLAs)ofreal-timeapplications.However,admissioncontrolalonemaynotbeeffectiveenoughtoguaranteetheSLAsofreal-timeandbest-effortapplica-tionsbecausetheymayexhibitunpredictablebehavior,re-sultinginshort-ormedium-termnetworktrafﬁcoverload.Suchtrafﬁcoverloadconsiderablydegradesoverallnetworkthroughput.Therefore,acongestionmanagementalgorithmistypicallyusedtomonitorthenetworkload,andintervenewhenthetrafﬁcloadreachesacertainthresholdindicatingpossiblenetworkcongestion.Sinceacongestionmanage-mentschemealsobringsitsownsetofconstraintsontheinjectionoftrafﬁcﬂowsintothenetwork,bothadmissioncontrolandcongestionmanagementarecollectivelyneededtoguaranteevariousQoSconstraints.Thisisespeciallytrueinclustersrunningadiversesetofapplications.Thefocusofthepaperisonthedesignofadmissioncon-trolandcongestionmanagementalgorithmstosupplementawormhole-routedclusterinterconnectforachievingbothhighandpredictableperformance.Themotivationforusingwormholeswitchesisthattheyhavebeenadoptedexten-sivelyindesigningclusters[2,6,14]becauseoftheirabilitytoprovidehighperformance.Wedeveloptheadmissionandcongestioncontrolmechanismsusingthewormholerouterfabricproposedin[16].However,unliketheNetworkInter-faceCard(NIC)designof[16],weemulateaHostChannelAdapter(HCA)asproposedintheIBAframeworktostudythenetworkinterface(NI)performance.Themaincontributionsofthepaperarethefollowing:Wedevelopasimpleadmissioncontrolalgorithmtodecideontheadmissionofreal-timeapplications.TheproposedmechanismisorthogonaltotherouterandNICdesignandhelpsinfurtherreducingtheDeadlineMissingProbability(DMP)andtheaverageDeadlineMissingTime(DMT)ofreal-timeapplications.Next,weproposeanovelandpracticalcongestionmanagementschemeusingtheconceptofcredit-basedﬂowcontrol.Thiscongestionmanagementalgo-rithm,calledCredit-BasedCongestionControl,usestheCompletionQueue(CQ)intheHCAtodeterminethetrafﬁcloadinthenetwork.Weevaluateend-to-endQoSguaranteesinclustersbyintegratingfourmaincomponents:theadmissioncon-trolscheme,thecongestioncontrolscheme,theQoS-awareHCAandtheQoS-awarenetwork.Suchacom-prehensivestudyhasnotbeenundertakeninanypriorresearch.Wedevelopadetailedsimulatorintegratingtheclusterinterconnect(routersandHCAs)andtheadmissionandcongestioncontrolalgorithms.Weuseamixedwork-loadconsistingofthreetypesoftrafﬁc—shortcontrolmessages,best-efforttrafﬁc,andreal-timetrafﬁc(MPEG-2videotracesandON/OFFsources).SimulationresultsshowthatboththeschemeshelpinprovidingverylowandstableDMPandDMTforMPEG-2streamsovertheentireworkload.FortheON/OFFandbest-efforttrafﬁc,thecombinedcontrolmechanismsminimizeaveragemessagelatencysigniﬁcantlyastheloadincreases.Insummary,performanceisthebestwithanintegratedad-missionandcongestioncontrol,whileadmissioncontrolismoreeffectiveatlowerloadandcongestioncontrolismoreeffectiveathigherload.AnotheradvantageoftheproposedCredit-BasedCon-gestionControlalgorithmisthatitcanbeimplementedus-ingthehardwarealreadyavailableintheHCA.Moreover,ourschemecanperformselective/perﬂowcontrolandisshowntoprovidebetterperformancethantworecentlypro-posedcongestioncontrolschemes[1,15].Althoughthead-missionandcongestioncontrolschemesarediscussedinthecontextofwormholenetworks,theyshouldbeapplicabletopacket-switchednetworks.