英语单词整理

penalty /ˈpɛnəltɪ/ (penalties) 1. N-COUNTA penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule. 刑罚 例： One of those arrested could face the death penalty. 那些被捕之人其中的一个可能会面临死刑。 2. N-COUNTIn sports such as football, American football, and hockey, a penalty is a disadvantage forced on the team that breaks a rule. (体育比赛中的) 罚球 例： Referee Michael Reed had no hesitation in awarding a penalty. 裁判迈克尔·里德毫不犹豫地判了罚球。 3. N-COUNTThepenalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result. 惩罚 例： Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else's mistake? 我为什么要为别人的错误而接受惩罚呢？ 词组短语 同近义词 death penalty 死刑 penalty function 罚函数；[数]补偿函数 penalty for 罚金；对…的处罚 administrative penalty 行政处罚 penalty area 罚球区，禁区

assume /əˈsjuːm/ (assuming, assumed, assumes)

1. V-TIf you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly. 假设 例： It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。 例： If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot. 如果出现了错误，它们就被以为是现场指挥官的错。 2. V-TIf someone assumes power or responsibility, they take power or responsibility. 接受 (权利、责任) 例： Mr. Cross will assume the role of CEO with a team of four directors. 克罗斯先生将担任由４位执行官组成的一个团队的首席执行官一职。 3. V-TIf you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you start to look or behave in this way. 做出 (某表情); 采取 (某行为方式) 例： He managed to assume an air of calm. 他设法表现出一幅平静的样子。 词组短语 同近义词 同根词 assume responsibility 承担责任 assume liability 承担责任 subjective assume 观臆断

work out(working, worked, works)

1. PHRASAL VERBIf you work out a solution to a problem or mystery, you manage to find the solution by thinking or talking about it. 找到 (解决办法等) 例： Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise. 谈判者们预定在今天晚些时候会面以找到一个折中的办法。 例： It took me some time to work out what was causing this. 它花了我一些时间，找到导致这种状况的原因。 2. PHRASAL VERBIf you work out the answer to a mathematical problem, you calculate it. 计算 例： It is proving hard to work out the value of bankrupt companies' assets. 经证明，计算破产公司的资产较难。 3. PHRASAL VERBIf something works out at a particular amount, it is calculated to be that amount after all the facts and figures have been considered. 总计为 例： The price per pound works out at $3.20. 每磅的价格总计为$3.20。 4. PHRASAL VERBIf a situation works out well or works out, it happens or progresses in a satisfactory way. 进展顺利 例： Things just didn't work out as planned. 事情没有像计划的那样进展顺利。 例： The deal just isn't working out the way we were promised. 这项交易并不如承诺我们的那样进展顺利。 5. PHRASAL VERBIf a process works itself out, it reaches a conclusion or satisfactory end. 有满意的结果 例： People involved in it think it's a nightmare, but I'm sure it will work itself out. 参与其中的人们认为它是一场噩梦，但我确信它会有满意的结果。 6. PHRASAL VERBIf you work out, you do physical exercises in order to make your body fit and strong. 锻炼 例： Work out at a gym or swim twice a week. 每周两次在健身房锻炼或游泳。 7. see alsoworkout 同近义词 解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂 carry out, settle, accomplish, decide, come true

Principle

1. N-VARA principle is a general belief about the way you should behave, which influences your behaviour. 原则 例： Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles. 巴克从来不让自己被迫做任何违背自己原则的事。 例： It's not just a matter of principle. 这不仅仅是个原则问题。 2. N-COUNTThe principles of a particular theory or philosophy are its basic rules or laws. (理论或哲学) 原理 例： ...a violation of the basic principles of Marxism. …对马克思主义基本原理的一种违背。 3. N-COUNTScientific principles are general scientific laws which explain how something happens or works. (科学) 原理 例： These people lack all understanding of scientific principles. 这些人缺乏对科学原理的全面理解。 4. PHRASEIf you agree with something in principle, you agree in general terms to the idea of it, although you do not yet know the details or know if it will be possible. 原则上 例： I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice. 我原则上是同意它的，但我怀疑在实践中它是否会发生。 5.