宾语从句专题讲解及真题练习

1 宾语从句 1.宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 2．连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 He said （that） he wanted to stay at home. I am sure （that） he will succeed. 注意：在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。 例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 I want to know if（whether）he lives there. He asked me whether（if）I could help him. 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。 Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什 2

么开会迟到吗？ Do you know who（whom）they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. 二、三大考点 1. 引导词 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 如1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. ③如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know? Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives? 四、特殊记忆 1. if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come.（时间状语从句） I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 2. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station? 3. Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 3

例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum? 【中考范例】 1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 2. Would you please tell me ________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 【真题演练】 1. Tom asked my friend ________________. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 2. Let me tell you __________________. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 3. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen 4. I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got 5. The manager came up to see __________. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter 6. He asked his father _______. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen 7..Can you see________? A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 8._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 9.He didn’t know__________ A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 10.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for? ---Her cousin,susan. A.that B.whose C .who D.which