初中语法讲解系列(附练习)-时态2
中考初中八大时态讲解和练习
中考初中八大时态讲解和练习知识点一、八大时态的构成及识记§一般现在时概念：1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；2. 表示现时的情况或状态；3. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。
时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等。
如果主句为一般将来时，由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句和when, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
§一般过去时概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态切动作已结束。
时间状语：... ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988等。
§一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon等。
there be结构的一般将来时为there will be / there is going to be。
§过去将来时概念：表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语：the next day (morning, year...), the following month (week ...) 等。
此时态。
§现在进行时概念：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。
时间状语及提示语：now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look! 等。
§过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
时间状语：at that time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句（动词为过去式）等。
§现在完成时概念：1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2. 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
初中的归纳时态与语态的用法解析与练习
初中的归纳时态与语态的用法解析与练习归纳时态的用法解析时态是语言表达中非常关键的部分，正确使用时态可以使语言更加准确地表达出动作、状态或事件发生的时间。
在初中语法学习中，归纳时态的用法是学生们需要掌握的重要知识点。
本文将对初中阶段的归纳时态进行解析与练习，并且提供一些实例。
一、一般现在时一般现在时用于表达经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
其基本结构为主语+谓语动词的原形。
例句：1. 我每天早上六点起床。
（I get up at six every morning.）2. 他经常去图书馆学习。
（He often goes to the library to study.）二、一般过去时一般过去时用于表达过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
其基本结构为主语+谓语动词的过去式。
例句：1. 昨天我去了足球比赛。
（I went to the football match yesterday.）2. 我小时候常常读这本书。
（I used to read this book when I was young.）三、一般将来时一般将来时用于表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态。
其基本结构为主语+will/shall+谓语动词的原形。
例句：1. 明天我将去参加生日派对。
（I will go to the birthday party tomorrow.）2. 我将会成为一名医生。
（I shall become a doctor.）四、现在进行时现在进行时用于表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
其基本结构为主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式。
例句：1. 他正在做作业。
（He is doing his homework.）2. 我们正在看电影。
（We are watching a movie.）归纳语态的用法解析语态是表示动作主体与受体关系的一种方式，了解语态的用法对于准确表达意思非常重要。
在初中语法学习中，归纳语态的用法是学生们需要掌握的另一个关键知识点。
初中英语语法现在完成时练习题及答案
一、时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.★注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。
初中英语时态讲解及练习_精品课件
谓语动词使用过去式形式， 加ed，分为规则和不规则变 化。表示过去经常发生的动 作，也可用“used to do ” 和“would +动词原形”。
构成规则பைடு நூலகம்
例子
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清 look→looked
辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读 play→played
/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。
变“y”为“i”再加-ed
worry→worried
cry→cried
1. He____(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago. 2. They ____(be, was, were, been) here just now. 3. The scientists _____(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday. 4. Last week we ______(visit, visited ) the Science Museum. 5. When I was a child, I often ____(play, played) football. 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell ____(ring, rang, rung).
初中语法专题（一）
时态
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时
一般现在时
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的 某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动 词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第 三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动 词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does， 同时，还原行为动词。
初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)
一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
在中，当主语是时，谓语动词要用形式，即常在后加-s或-es。
一、he, she, it是第三人称单数。
如：He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
(口诀：I用am，you用are，is用于它，单数名词用is，都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。
如：①Han Mei looks like her mother. 看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。
如：①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
四、someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。
如：①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
初中英语时态讲解及练习（含答案）
初中英语时态讲解及练习（含答案）时态1. 一般现在时●形式：do does（单数第三人称）●意义：一般现在时表示客观的、普遍性的真理以及经常性的事件。
●用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 经常性、习惯性动作。
e.g.：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。
）He often goes to the gym.C) 客观事实和普遍真理。
尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。
e.g.: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Knowledge is power.●这一用法场合一些表动作频率的时间副词连用：1). 表示肯定的频率副词：always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally, often etc.2). 表示否定的频率副词：never, seldom, rarely etc.这些副词的位置：在Be动词后，实义动词前。
e.g. He is always late.2. 一般过去时●形式：did●意义：一般过去时表示在过去的某一特定时间发生和结束的活动或情况。
●用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
e.g.: I saw him in the library yesterday morning. （有特定的时间状语）yesterday, yesterday evening, last night/month/spring/year, the night before last（前天晚上），three days/months/years ago, in 1999 etc.。
这些时间状语之前不用加介词。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作，一直持续或反复发生的动作，此时可与表示拼读的时间副词连用。
e.g.: I slept for eight hours last night. （表示在过去某一段时间内持续的动作，但这动作现在已经结束了）3. 一般将来时●形式：will/shall do或be going to do●意义：一般将来时表示在未来的某个时间将要发生的某个动作或状态。
初中八种基本时态讲解及练习
英语语法（时态）了borrow)注意：句型变化时,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩写)；疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
八种时态的具体用法：(1)一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等), once/twice,a(week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。
如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。
如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。
如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往海口的列车上午8点开车)④在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。
如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) /If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。
初中英语：时态讲解及练习
时态
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时
一般现在时
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行 为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主 将从现） Lucy will be at home if it rains tomorrow.
动词第三人称单数 形式变化规则
规则
例子
一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，Play→plays
在浊辅音后读/z/；在t后读/ts/, leave→leaves
在d后读/dz/。)
• 当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足 球。
• When I was a child, I often played football in the street. • 4．我昨天完成作业了。 • I finished the homework yesterday.
2020/11/23
现在进行时
6. 用法：现在进行时表示
1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强 调“此时此刻”。
E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.
2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 E.g. They are working these days. 3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将 发生的动作。 E.g I am coming.
初中英语时态讲解及练习-(全)演示教学
1. He______(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School. 2. He______(have, has) classes in the afternoon. 3. He______(get, gets) up at half past six every morning. 4. He always _____(come, comes ) to school on time. 5. He ______(study, studies) very hard at his lesson. 6. One and two _____(be, is, are) three. 7. Blue and yellow _____(make, makes) green. 8. The earth _____(move, moves) round the sun. 9. I will go there if I ____( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.
谓语动词使用过去式形式， 加ed，分为规则和不规则变 化。表示过去经常发生的动 作，也可用“used to do ” 和“would +动词原形”。
构成规则
例子
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在 look→looked
清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元 play→played
音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。work→worked
初中语法专题（一）
时态
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时
一般现在时
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的 某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动 词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第 三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动 词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does， 同时，还原行为动词。
初中英语语法八种时态详解与练习
初中英语语法:八种时态详解与练习一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示, 这种不同的动词形式称为时态;二．种类：基本时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般现在时一、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况;二、常搭配的时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week day, year, month, once a week,on Sundays, etc.三、基本结构①be动词is,am,are；②行为动词主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词;例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学;Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天;I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的;Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败;四、基本用法：1 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态;在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week month , year , etc. , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的;例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业;She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信,仅一月一封而已;I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班;It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨;2仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等;这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态";例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语;That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市;Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长河流之一;She majors in music .她主修音乐;All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球;强调每个家人My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人;3 陈述客观事实、客观真理;顾名思义,客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态";例如：The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转;Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八;Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快;The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸;4 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作;例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息;If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节;用于一般现在时的副词,除了上面提到的一些表示频率的词以外,常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等;练习题：用动词的适当形式填空：absent today begoto school at seven in the morning.mother________like ______go shopping.can ________draw many beautiful pictures.he_________like_________jumpstudents___________speak English in class.student_________speak Chinese after class.8. Let's____________and play football . go9. He_____________ like swimming . not10. __________your sister study English at school No , she__________ . do用所给动词的适当形式填空：1．I ______________write to you as soon as I _______get to London.2. He doesn't feel well and ____________not eat any food this morning.3. He ______ not _______see me come in, for he ___________read something with great interest.4. Don't make a niose. Grandpa __________sleep.5. It ________take me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. What ______ your mother _______do at eight yesterday evening She _______wash clothes.7. _______ it _________ rain when school was over yesterday8 The teacher told us the earth __________ move round the sun.单项选择：students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.'t rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain3. The picture _______ nice.looked looking4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.A. wil comeB. cameC. would comeD. come7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off. taken take8. I saw her ____ the room this morning. enter B. entered C. enter D. enters11. He told us ______ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. You'd better ______ at home and ______ your homework.A. to stay, doB. stay, doC. to stay, to doD. stay, to do14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine.A. how to makeB. to makeC. how makingD. what to make15. Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England.A. to leaveB. leftC. leavingD. leave4改句子1. We have four lessons.否定句have many books. 改为否定句Shan's sister likes playing table tennis 改为否定句lives in a small town near New York. 改为一般疑问句watch TV every day. 改为一般疑问句has got a goal. 改为一般疑问句have four lessons.否定句does his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问一般过去时一、概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;二、常搭配的时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night, month, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.三、基本结构：①be动词的过去式was/were；②行为动词的过去式即在动词原形后加ed,不规则变化的动词除外否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词;一般过去时用谓语动词的过去式构成,即在动词原形后加ed,不规则变化的特殊动词除外;例句：He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里;What did you do yesterday 你昨天做了什么事We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩;He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了;四、基本用法主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态;它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作;这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同,只是所在的时间区域不同而已;由于它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语;这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一;常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night week ,month , year , century , etc. , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning afternoon , evening , in 1999 , two hours ago one week ago , tree years ago , …等等;使用一般过去时,在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候;"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间,在这个意义上,"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的,甚至于小到无法量化的程度;例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照;--Where's Jim 吉姆在哪里--He just went out.他刚刚出去;练习:写出下列动词的过去式is/am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________play_______ go________ make ________ do/does_________ worry________eat__________ draw________put ______ throw________ pass_______用be动词的适当形式填空1. The little dog _____ two years old this year.2. She _______ happy yesterday.3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.4. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.句型变换：1 There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：__________________________________________________________一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________否定回答：__________________________________________________________2 They played football in the playground.否定句：__________________________________________________________一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________否定回答：__________________________________________________________用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. I ______ watch a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _______ read a newspaper last night.3. It ____ be the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ go to his office by car.4. ______ you _______ visit your relatives last Spring Festival5. Gao Shan ________ put the book on his head a moment ago.6. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. clean7. What _________ she _________ find in the garden last morningShe _________ find a beautiful butterfly.8. What _________ you ______ just now I _______ some housework. do9 We all _________ have a good time last night.10. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. read11. He ___________ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. play句型转换：1、Lucy did her homework at home.改否定句Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge冰箱.变一般疑问句___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge3、She stayed there for a week.对划线部分提问__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there4、There was some orange in the cup.变一般疑问句_________ there ___________ orange in the cup中译英：1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末;I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.2 Jenny喜欢看书;昨晚她看了一本英语书;Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看电视;可是昨天他没有看;Emma __________ TV every day. But he _________ ___________ yesterday.4. 上周六他们做什么了他们做作业和购物了;What ________ they _________ _________ SaturdayThey _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事;二、时间状语：tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year,soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, 等;三、基本结构①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首;如：Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚给我打电话,我会在家;I’ll shall/will do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些;The car won’t start. 车开不了啦;Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起;四、基本用法：主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况;这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”;它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说,动作在现在或目前还未发生,要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性,是“纯粹的将来动作”;例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空;He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里;2 be am / is / are + going +不定式这种表示方法主要是说明A“说话人的意图、打算”；B“某种可能性”;例如：A He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假;Who is going to speak first 谁先发言B It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了;Is he going to collect any data for us 他会帮我们收集资料吗If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰,你会喜欢上那个地方的;3 be am / is / are + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：按计划安排要发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；要求或命令他人做某事;例如：A The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车;The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产;B You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场;You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去;4 用一般现在时或现在进行时限于某些动词表示按计划安排要发生的事;主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”;例如：Do you get off at the next stop 你下一站下车吗The plane takes off at 11:00 . 那架飞机上午十一点起飞;Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周动身去纽约;五、表示将来的五种常用非时态方式1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等;如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱丽叶;You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改变;2. “be about to + 不定式”：表示即将发生的动作,有“即将”的意思,但不能和具体的时间状语连用;如：The package is about to come unwrapped. 那个包快散开了;3. “be going + 不定式”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事,或表示有迹象表明要发生某事;如：We are going to call her this evening. 我们打算今晚给她打电话;My sister’s going to hav e a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子;4. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事;如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发;We’re having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会;5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事;如：We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假;The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火车今晚10:04分开;练习一、单项选择1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be2. Charlie ________ here next month.A. isn't workingB. doesn't workingC. isn't going to workingD. won't work3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be4. ________ a concert next SaturdayA. There will beB. Will there beC. There can beD. There are5. If they come, we ________ a meeting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have6. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.A. writesB. has writtenC. will writeD. wrote7. He ________ in three days.A. coming backB. came backC. will come backD. is going to coming back8. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating.A. isn't rainB. won't rainC. doesn't rainD. doesn't fine9. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.A. will watchingB. watchesC. is watchingD. are going to watch10. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.A. willB. isC. will beD. be11. - Let's go out to play football, shall we - OK. I ________.A. will comingB. be going to comeC. comeD. am coming12. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.A. takesB. will takeC. spendsD. will spend13. The train ________ at 11.A. going to arriveB. will be arriveC. is going toD. is arriving二、用动词的适当形式填空1. I ______leavein a minute. I ______finishall my work before I ______ leave.2. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____giveher a present.3. -_____ you _____behere this Saturday-No. I ______visitmy teacher.4. -______ I ______getyou a copy of today's newspaper-Thank you.5. I am afraid there ______bea meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.过去将来时一、概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中;二、常搭配的时间状语：the next daymorning, year,the following monthweek,etc.三、基本结构：①was/were going to + do；②would/should + do; ③was/were to was/were about to+do否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首;例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的;I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切;四、基本用法表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作;但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”;由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语;这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子;这个时态常用于：A宾语从句或间接引语中；B表示过去习惯性的动作；C表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”,多用于否定句;例如：A When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么;She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行;He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿;B During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间,他每天早锻炼;Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活;C No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完;They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事;Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去;练习：I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A. as; comeB. was; would comeC. would be; cameD. will be; come2. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A. are going to growB. were going to growC. will growD. have grown3. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A. is goingB. will goC. was about to goD. is to goII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she ________________visit the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _____________not stay here for long.3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy__________come the next year.4. She said the bus _______________leave at five the next morning.5. I wasn't sure whether he _______________lend me his book the next morning.6. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______be fifty-eight.现在进行时一、概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为;二、常搭配的时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.三、基本结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词V-ing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首;例：They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会;I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校;You’re always interrupting me 你老打断我的话抱怨She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人;赞扬四、基本用法主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作,或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作;适用于下面的情况：1“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作;例如：They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球;She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文;Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话;2“现阶段”一直在进行的动作;这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着;例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备;How are you getting along with your new job 你那份新工作干得怎么样3表示说话人的情感,如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等;这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况;例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . 表示赞许他总是为他人着想,而不为自己;She is often doing well at school. 表示满意她在学校学习挺不错的;Are you feeling better today 表示亲切你今天觉得好一些吗One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.表示不满我的一个室友老是乱扔东西;Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .表示不喜欢有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品;4表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词,如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch 吃午饭, return, dine 进餐,尤指晚餐, work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear 穿,戴等;例如：I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭;An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告;We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假;Are you staying here till next week 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play______run__________swim________make_______write________ski_______have_______sing_______see_____buy______live_______take________get________stop________sit________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. Listen .Some girls __________ singin the classroom .2. My mother ____________ cook some nice food now.3. What _____ you ______ do now____________not ,water the flowers now.5. It's 5 o'clock now. We ___________havesupper nowwash clothes Yes ,she is三、句型转换：1．Tom is reading books in his room now . 对划线部分提问________________________________________________2. My mother is cooking some nice food now. 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答①_______________________________________________②____________________________________③_____________________________四、填空题1．Mr Zheng _______________ read a book now.2. Listen Someone is__________________come.3. Look He _________ dive now.4. Tom __________________ watch TV in the dining room.5. Come on. They _________________ leave now.6. Where is your motherShe ________________________ answer the phone.do sing an English song.过去进行时一、概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作;二、时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等;三、基本结构：was/were+动词的现在分词doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首;四、基本用法：主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作;由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语;这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句;也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思;过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中：1表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这时候,我正在收拾东西去露营; When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章;What were you doing at eight last night 昨晚八点钟你在做什么2用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况;过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”,所以,在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”,从而能使文章更加生动活泼;例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在书房里打字;突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……3仅限少数动词表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作;例如：When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划;She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假;My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭;We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿;五、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别两者的基本差别是过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作,而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作;如：I was reading a book last night. 我昨晚在看书;不一定看完I read a book last night. 我昨晚看了一本书;已经看完They were building a bridge there. 他们在那里修一座桥;不一定建成They built a bridge there. 他们在那儿修了一座桥;已建成注：有些动词如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等本身并不表示动作完成,这时用两种时态都可以,且含义区别不大：It rained was raining all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨;She didn’t feel wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服;练习用动词的适当形式填空1. I __________ telephone a friend when Bob __________ come in.2. We __________ test the new machine when the electricity __________ go off.3. She __________ not want to stay in bed while the others ________________ all, work in the fields.4. As I __________ walk in the park, it ________ begin to rain.5. It was quite late at night. George __________ read and Amy __________ play her needle when they __________ hear a knock at the door.6. I _____ have my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.7 Mary _____ go over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____do the same thing.8. ______ it ______rain when you left school Yes, it ____. No, it ____9. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ leave in five minutes.10. In a letter, john told us that he _____ come to china next month.11. She __________ make her dress the whole afternoon.12. Later his parents found that he _____ sit on some eggs.13. The students _______ sing and ____ dance happily on the playground at that time.14. I _____________ write a letter when the door bell rang.15. We had no classe at that time. We ___________ plant trees.二、选择题______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.a. cooked, were ringingb. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringingd. cooked, rangsaid he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. triesb. triedc. was tryingd. will tryshe ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearingb. watched, was hearingc. watched, heardd. was watching, heard_____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watchingb. watchc. watchedd. are watchingbook ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoona. did, read, was seeingb. did, read, sawc. were, reading, sawd. were, reading, was seeingFeng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.a. is, thinking, wasb. was, thinking, isc. did, think, isd. was, thinking, wasmother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.a. did, madeb. was doing, madec. was doing, was makingd. did, was making____ some cooking at that time, so _____ mea. did, heardb. did, didn't hearc. was doing, heardd. was doing, didn't heartime yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TVa. repaired, didn't watchb. was repairing, watchedc. repaired, watchedd. was repairing, wasn't watching现在完成时一、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态二、现在完成时用法之常用词语：能与现在完成时连用词语很多,如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等,但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1 since自从：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子主句谓语通常都用现在完成时：I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她;Where have you been since I last saw 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了注有时可用其他时态的情况,但须注意：①对于某些表示状态的动词如seem 等,或因语义等方面的原因,有时可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了;Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了②若不是指从过去持续到现在,而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的过去,则用过去完成时：Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西;指从星期二至昨天未吃东西③表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：It’s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了;2 so far 到目前为止：So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息;We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止,我们还没有遇到任何麻烦;3 in for, during the past last … years在过去…年中：In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他;I have been here for the last past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿;注在一定的上下文里,若是以过去时间为起点,也可用过去完成时;4 up to until now到现在为止：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易;I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信;5 It’s will be the first time that…第一次…：It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿;Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了,这是我第一次在公共场合发言;三、基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has开头+主语+动词的过去分词;例：I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了;现在我知道电影的内容了;Have you seen my bag 你看到我的手提包了吗你知道它在哪里She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了;We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树;四、基本用法对于初接触现在完成时的人来说,往往会产生一种茫然,因为它似乎与一般过去时相似;那就是,这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去;其实不然,现在完成时主要表示,发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等;而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候;弄清了这一区别,就很容易理解现在完成时了;它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料;She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页;We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了;They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品;2表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner 你吃晚饭了吗She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了;You have grown much taller.你长高了许多;3表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了;They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了;So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章;几点注意：1一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境;例如：He speaks English .一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性;He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间;He is speaking English.现在进行时,说明动作正在进行;He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和;He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. 现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性;2在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时;例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3 有些动词表示无法持续的动作,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中;这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up等等;Be动词若是用于进行时态,可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现;例如：Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖;He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气;You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚;4关于现在完成时的时间状语问题。
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时态（II） 一、一般将来时 1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2、形式：will/shall+V be going to+V 3、be going to形式的将来时表示将要发生的事或打算、计划，决定要做的事 They are going to meet outside the school gate. 4、come，go，start，move，sail，leave，travel等非延续性动词常用进行式表按计划将要发生的事 He is leaving for London. 5、常见时间状语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next time，from now on，later （on），soon等 二、过去将来时 1、形式：would/should+V was/were going to+V 2、表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。多用于宾语从句。 I didn’t know if he would come. He said that he would ring me up. 3、常见时间状语：the next day，the following week，soon，one day，in a week等 三、现在完成时 1、形式：have/has+过去分词 2、用法：①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与already，yet，just等词连用 My mother has just turned off the light. I haven't read your novel yet. ②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点，these days，so far，up to now，recently，this week等 He has lived here for 20 years. 3、常见标志词：already，yet，just，never，so far，since，for，before等 4、非延续性动词不可用完成时，如果要用，则改成相应的延续性动词。常见的有： come→be here;arrive in/at,reach,get to→be in;begin/star→be on;become→be;borrow→keep;buy→have;come back→be back;die→be dead;end/finish→be over;get up→be up;go/get out→be out;fall asleep→be asleep;get to know→know;join→be in/be a number of;put on→wear;catch a cold→have a cold等 6、have/has been to+地点，曾经去过某地 have/has gone to+地点，去了某地，还未回来 四、过去完成时 1、形式：had+过去分词 2、表示在过去一段时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常见时间状语：by，before，by the end of，by the time （that）等 She had known my brother for three years before I met her. I found the letter after he had gone away. 课堂练习 时态（II） 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time. 2. _____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old? 3. Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school. 4. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month. 5. Is your mother at home? ------No, she _______________(go) to work. 6. Her mother _______________(become)a doctor in 1970. She _______________(work) in the hospital since 26 years old. 7. He _______________(teach) English here since we _______________(see) him 5 years ago. 8. How many times _______________you _______________(be) to Beijing? ------Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago. 9. I’ve lost my cat. _______________you ever _______________(see) it anywhere? 10. My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai. 11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet. 12. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away. 13. I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now. 14. I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before. 15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _______________(be) a party member for 10 years. 16. How long __________Uncle Wang __________(work) in this factory? ------Since 1995. 17. So far the children ____________(learn) 1,000 English words. 18. __________you __________(mend) your bike? ------Yes. I mended it a moment ago. 19. I’ll tell him the news that our class ___________ (win) already. 20. She __________(stay) here for over 5 years. 21. The box is empty. Who ___________(eat) all the cakes? 22. He has found his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it? 23. Her sister _______________ (go) to Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) this morning. 24. My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river. 25. The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago. 每处划线中有错误，在题后改正 1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days. 2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years. 3. I have gone to Beijing three times. 4. Jim isn’t here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning. 5. She has lived there since 8 years. 6. Has he been a teacher for 1990? 单选 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are