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中美学生教育差异英语作文

Education systems vary greatly across different countries, and the differences between the Chinese and American student education systems are particularly notable. Here is a comparison of the two systems in an essay format:The Chinese and American Education Systems: A Comparative AnalysisThe education systems of China and the United States are often compared due to their significant differences in approach, structure, and philosophy. This essay will explore these differences, focusing on the student experience, teaching methods, and overall educational goals.Student ExperienceIn China, the student experience is often characterized by a rigorous and highly structured curriculum. Students are expected to adhere to a strict schedule, with a heavy emphasis on rote memorization and exam preparation. The academic year is typically divided into two semesters, with a significant amount of time dedicated to national and regional standardized exams, such as the Gaokao for university entrance.Conversely, the American education system encourages a more balanced approach to learning. Students are given the opportunity to explore a wide range of subjects and are often involved in extracurricular activities. The school day is generally shorter, and there is a greater emphasis on projectbased learning and critical thinking skills.Teaching MethodsTeaching methods in China are traditionally teachercentered, with a focus on lectures and direct instruction. Students are expected to absorb information and regurgitate it in exams, which often leads to a competitive atmosphere where high scores are the ultimate goal.In contrast, American classrooms often employ a studentcentered approach, where teachers facilitate discussions and encourage students to ask questions and explore topics in depth. This method aims to develop not only knowledge but also skills such as problemsolving, creativity, and collaboration.Educational GoalsThe goals of the Chinese education system are primarily focused on academicachievement and preparation for higher education. The system is designed to identify and cultivate highachieving students who can excel in competitive exams and contribute to the countrys development.On the other hand, the American education system aims to prepare students for a variety of paths, not just academic ones. It emphasizes the importance of social skills, emotional intelligence, and personal growth alongside academic knowledge. The goal is to produce wellrounded individuals who can contribute to society in diverse ways.ConclusionWhile both systems have their merits, they also face unique challenges. The Chinese systems focus on academic rigor can lead to high levels of stress and competition among students, while the American systems emphasis on a broad education can sometimes result in a lack of depth in certain subjects. Ultimately, the most effective education system may be one that can balance the strengths of both approaches, fostering a love for learning while also preparing students for the challenges of the future.This essay provides a brief overview of the key differences between the Chinese and American education systems, highlighting the unique characteristics of each and their implications for students.。

中西方教育差异英语作文

中美教育差异的英语作文1Education is culture, and different educations show different societies culture. Americans regard education as the means by which the inequalities among individuals are to be erased and by which every desirable end is to be achieved. While Chinese education is for foundation education, but students may be not learn much. But all in all, different education systems account for the different phenomenon, because different society backgrounds and different culture helps human create a different country in the world.The different society structure plays an important part in the education system. In China, all those who can enter the University have received an elite education and before enrollment they have devoted themselves to hard studying. Therefore, they are good at getting high marks on mathematics, psychics and so on. However, they are lack of chances to practice skills in real world thus having no social experiences. In that case, after graduation, most students find it difficult to find a satisfactory job though many of them get a job through the relationship net.While in America, the education system pays more attention to social skills than to marks .Students have developed the ability to be independence in life and work. After university, they show greatcapability of thinking, innovation and creation which make them keep pace with the modern world. They are competent for the challenging work and can gain a good job in America with ease.There is a huge gap on education between America and China, but we cant say which one is right or wrong, ‘cause each of the education system is based on the different backgrounds, American education should be following the Americans culture, meanwhile, Chinese education has to follow Chinese culture. A good education model for China is very important to the learning process, and also is very hard. But the most important thing we need is the modern education which is internationalization education system and localization education systems unite for China and America, this is also what the education itself needs.中美教育差异的英语作文2The Differences of Education between China and U.SBased on checking the extensive literature and summing up the evidence, it is clear that study about differences of higher education between China and US has carried out a lot which mainly explaines the differences from different aspects of higher edcation between China and the United States. Such aspects mainly includes the social environment and cultural tradition, higher education system and reform measures. Inthe Integration of these differences, advantages and evils of both educational systems have been evaluated respectively, and corresponding improvement measures were also put forwords. By summary, the detailed conclusions are listed as follows:US is a open society. The societys openness urges the American college to abandon old educational thoughts which European traditional universities stick to, adopt the open policy to absorb all advatanges from other countries and establishe a diverse and open education control system which emphasizes on the actual effect. US is the biggest imigrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economy ephiseizes on the practical value, matter rewards as well as individual value realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc.Uss higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, peoples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while USs education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more,actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and prctice.USs education pays more attention to raise studentsself-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but Chinas education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual.Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but USs higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizing and synthesizing the information outside.Each national higher education as economic systems reflection serves for the economy; US education aims to adapt for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions including educations service for the economic development, scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need, set up special curriculum and specialty which the society needs; In Chinas universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and couldnot follow social demand.In order to adapt the society, the American universities has established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; Thestudents choose or transformate specialties and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult.When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students donot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action.Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.Due to the development of science and technology, connections between higher education and national politics, economy,science,culture, military relation is day by day closer. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply performances for the growth of quantity, but especially has had the huge change in the nature[1]. The advanced level of higher education has become a thesymbol of national strength.We should clarify the difference of higher education between China and American, at the same time absorb the advantges to profit from the American higher education so as to faster the reform andthe development of our higher education.中美教育差异的英语作文3Uss higher education was considered as the best education in the world.Comparing the elementary education between American and China, peoples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while USs education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. intalents What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and prctice.USs education pays more attention to raise studentsself-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but Chinas education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual. Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilizethe function of cerebrum, but USs higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizingand synthesizing the information outside.The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult. When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description.The American studentsdonot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action. Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.American parents open education that:(1) pay attention to practical exercise, emphasize the child in practice, not a lecture.Americans believe that, every child, everything makes children yourself to finish in task in the process to improve knowledge, accumulate experience, master technology, enhance ability, raises theinterest expertise, and increase the confidence and sense of responsibility.(2) the value play games, americans think playing children this age is the most important thing.In the United States, children in the activities, sports activities time is abundant, activity places is everywhere.Parents often use holiday weekend, lead the child goes out to play, play in the process of developing intelligent such as perception, imagine, judgment, reasoning and human communication and the mood adjustment, etc.Chinese parents are enclosed education:(1) to preach to give priority to, the contempt practice activities the important role.The parents and children requirement is reading, even can provide for oneself by their parents wishes activities, and led to many Chinese children learned a lot of knowledge are useless, took to the society after what also cant.(2) outdoor activities less, because the Chinese children learn from morning till night dont finish homework do not over of homework, be homework overwhelmed; Sometimes even if want to move and is hard to find good site.。

中美高中教育差异英语作文

中美高中教育差异英语作文The Differences between Chinese and American High School Education。

Education is an important part of every country's development. It shapes the future generation and influences the overall progress of a nation. In this essay, I will discuss the differences between Chinese and American high school education.Firstly, let's talk about the curriculum. In China, the high school curriculum is heavily focused on core subjects such as Chinese, mathematics, and English. Students are required to take a wide range of subjects, and there is a strong emphasis on memorization and rote learning. On the other hand, the American high school curriculum is more flexible. Students have the opportunity to choose their own subjects, and there is a greater emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving skills.Secondly, the teaching style is also different. In China, teachers are seen as authority figures, and students are expected to listen and follow instructions. The classroom environment is often very formal, and there is little room for discussion or debate. In contrast, American high school classrooms are more interactive. Teachers encourage students to ask questions and express their opinions, and there is a greater focus on group work and collaborative learning.Another key difference is the assessment system. In China, students are evaluated based on standardized tests, and there is a strong emphasis on academic achievement. This can create a lot of pressure for students, as their entire future may depend on their performance in these exams. In the US, assessment is more holistic. Students are evaluated based on a combination of tests, projects, and class participation, and there is a greater focus on personal development and growth.Furthermore, extracurricular activities play adifferent role in the two systems. In China,extracurricular activities are often seen as a distraction from academic studies, and there is less emphasis on developing skills outside of the classroom. In the US, extracurricular activities are an important part of the high school experience. Students are encouraged to participate in sports, music, drama, and other activities, and there is a greater focus on developing well-rounded individuals.Finally, let's talk about the overall goal of high school education. In China, the main goal of high school education is to prepare students for the Gaokao, the national college entrance examination. Success in this exam is seen as the key to a bright future, and there is a strong focus on academic achievement. In the US, the goal of high school education is to prepare students for college and beyond. There is a greater emphasis on developing critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills, and the focus is on preparing students for a successful and fulfilling life.In conclusion, there are many differences betweenChinese and American high school education. These differences reflect the broader cultural and societal values of each country, and they have a significant impact on the development and future success of students. It is important to recognize and understand these differences in order to create an education system that best serves the needs of our future generation.。

写一篇中美高中教育差异的英语作文

写一篇中美高中教育差异的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Differences in High School Education Between China and the United StatesHigh school education is an important stage in a student's academic journey, as it lays the foundation for their future academic and professional success. In this regard, the high school education systems in China and the United States have some key differences that can impact students' learning experiences and outcomes. In this essay, we will explore some of the distinctive features of high school education in China and the United States, and how they compare to each other.Firstly, one of the main differences between high school education in China and the United States is the structure and curriculum of the school system. In China, the high school education system is highly centralized and focused on preparing students for the national college entrance exam, known as the Gaokao. This exam is considered to be one of the most important tests in a student's academic career, as it determineswhich universities they can attend and what majors they can study.On the other hand, the American high school education system is more diverse and flexible, with students having the option to choose from a wide range of subjects and extracurricular activities. High schools in the United States also emphasize holistic development, with a focus on critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, students in the United States have the freedom to choose their own path and explore their interests through elective courses and extracurricular activities.Another key difference between high school education in China and the United States is the teaching methods and classroom culture. In China, the teaching style is more traditional and teacher-centered, with an emphasis on rote memorization and passive learning. Students are expected to listen attentively to the teacher and take notes, without much room for discussion or critical thinking.In contrast, the American high school education system promotes active learning and student engagement, with teachers encouraging students to ask questions, participate in class discussions, and work collaboratively on projects. Theclassroom culture in the United States is more democratic, with students having the opportunity to express their opinions and ideas freely.Furthermore, the assessment and grading systems in high school education also differ between China and the United States. In China, students' academic performance is primarily evaluated based on their scores in exams and tests, with a strong emphasis on academic achievement and competitiveness. Grades play a crucial role in determining students' future academic and professional opportunities.In comparison, the American high school education system uses a more holistic approach to assessment, taking into account students' participation, creativity, and critical thinking skills in addition to their academic performance. Grading in the United States is often based on a combination of tests, essays, projects, and presentations, with an emphasis on overall learning and growth rather than just test scores.In conclusion, high school education in China and the United States have some distinct differences in terms of structure, curriculum, teaching methods, classroom culture, and assessment systems. While the Chinese education system is more centralized and focused on academic achievement, theAmerican education system is more diverse, flexible, and student-centered. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and it is important for educators to recognize and learn from each other in order to provide the best possible education for students in both countries.篇2The differences between high school education in China and the United States are quite significant. These two educational systems have different priorities, methodologies, and overall structures. In this essay, I will explore some of the key differences between Chinese and American high school education systems.One major difference between Chinese and American high school education is the emphasis on standardized testing. In China, students must take the infamous "gaokao" exam to gain entrance into university. This exam is highly competitive and determines a student's future academic path. On the other hand, in the United States, while standardized testing is still important, there is more emphasis on a student's overall academic performance, extracurricular activities, and personal essays when applying to college.Another key difference is the teaching methodologies used in Chinese and American high schools. In China, students are typically taught through rote memorization and lectures. There is little room for creativity or independent thinking in the classroom. In contrast, American high schools often emphasize critical thinking, problem-solving, and project-based learning. Students are encouraged to think outside the box and explore their own interests and passions.Furthermore, the overall structure of high school education in China and the United States also differs. In China, high school students have a rigorous schedule with long hours of studying and homework. There is a strong emphasis on academic success and competition. American high schools, on the other hand, offer more flexibility and opportunities for students to pursue extracurricular activities, sports, and interests outside of the classroom.Overall, while both the Chinese and American high school education systems have their strengths and weaknesses, it is clear that they prioritize different values and goals. Chinese education focuses on academic success and achievement, while American education values creativity, critical thinking, and personal growth. By understanding the differences betweenthese two systems, educators and policymakers can work towards creating a more balanced and effective approach to high school education that benefits students from both countries.篇3US and China are two countries with very different education systems, and this is especially evident in the high school level. In this essay, we will explore some of the key differences between high schools in the US and China.One of the biggest differences between high schools in the US and China is the focus on standardized testing. In China, students are expected to take a series of rigorous exams, such as the Gaokao, which determines which university they can attend. These exams are extremely high-stakes and play a major role in a student's future prospects. In contrast, standardized testing in the US, such as the SAT and ACT, is just one of many factors considered in college admissions.Another key difference is the teaching methods used in high schools. In the US, there is a greater emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and student-centered learning. Teachers encourage students to think for themselves, ask questions, and engage indiscussions. In China, on the other hand, the focus is on rote memorization and learning from textbooks. Students are expected to absorb large amounts of information and regurgitate it on exams.The structure of high schools also differs between the two countries. In the US, high schools typically have a more flexible schedule, with students choosing their own classes and extracurricular activities. This allows students to explore their interests and talents. In China, high schools have a more rigid structure, with a set curriculum and limited opportunities for elective courses.The role of extracurricular activities is another area where US and Chinese high schools diverge. In the US, extracurricular activities play a significant role in a student's education, with many students participating in sports, music, drama, and other clubs. These activities help students develop important skills such as teamwork, leadership, and time management. In China, extracurricular activities are often seen as a distraction from academics and are given less importance.Overall, high schools in the US and China have very different approaches to education. While the US emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, and individuality, China focuses on rotememorization, standardized testing, and academic achievement. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and there is much that each country can learn from the other. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can work towards creating a more effective and balanced education system for students in both countries.。

中美教育差异英文作文

中美教育差异英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

高中生英语作文《中美教育差异》

高中生英语作文《中美教育差异》Title: Educational Differences Between China and the United States Education systems across the globe vary significantly, reflecting the unique cultures, values, and priorities of each country.Two education systems that stand out for their differences are those of China and the United States.In China, education is highly competitive and emphasizes rote learning, memorization, and discipline.The Chinese education system is characterized by rigorous academic standards and a focus on achieving high scores on standardized tests.Students often attend school for longer hours and have less free time compared to their American counterparts.The emphasis is often on conformity and respecting authority, with less emphasis on critical thinking and creativity.On the other hand, the education system in the United States places a greater emphasis on individualism, creativity, and critical thinking.American students often have more freedom in their learning and are encouraged to explore their interests and pursue their passions.The curriculum is more flexible, with a broader range of subjects offered, and students often have the opportunity to participate in extracurricular activities and community service.Another key difference is the role of the teacher and the student.In China, teachers are often seen as authorities and are respected andlistened to by students.In the United States, the relationship between teachers and students is often more egalitarian, with teachers acting as facilitators of learning and students being encouraged to take an active role in their education.Despite these differences, both education systems ultimately aim to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in life.However, the ways in which they go about this goal reflect the distinct cultural, social, and economic contexts of each country.In conclusion, the educational systems of China and the United States differ significantly in their approaches, priorities, and goals.Understanding these differences can help us appreciate the diversity of education systems around the world and learn from one another to improve the quality of education for all students.。

中美课堂规则对比英文作文

中美课堂规则对比英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!In Chinese classrooms, students are expected to be obedient and respectful towards their teachers. They must listen attentively, take notes, and participate in class discussions when called upon. The teacher is the authority figure and holds all the power in the classroom. Students are not allowed to question or challenge the teacher's authority. They must follow strict rules and regulations, such as no talking or eating in class, and must always be punctual.In American classrooms, there is a more relaxed and informal atmosphere. Students are encouraged to express their opinions, ask questions, and engage in discussions with their peers and teachers. The teacher is seen as a facilitator rather than an authority figure, and students are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning. There are fewer rules and regulations in American classrooms, and students are allowed to eat, drink, and even use electronic devices during class, as long as itdoes not disrupt the learning environment.In Chinese classrooms, academic performance is highly valued and students are under immense pressure to succeed. They are constantly evaluated through exams and tests, and their grades determine their future prospects. Students are expected to study hard and prioritize their academics above all else. There is little emphasis on creativity orcritical thinking skills.In American classrooms, there is a greater emphasis on holistic development. While academic performance is important, students are also encouraged to explore their interests, develop their talents, and pursueextracurricular activities. Creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills are highly valued and students are given opportunities to think independently and express their unique ideas.In Chinese classrooms, discipline is maintained through strict rules and punishments. Teachers have the authority to discipline students, and punishments can range fromverbal reprimands to physical discipline. Students are expected to obey and conform to the rules without question.In American classrooms, discipline is maintainedthrough a combination of rules, rewards, and consequences. Teachers focus on promoting positive behavior and creatinga supportive and respectful learning environment. Insteadof punishment, students are encouraged to reflect on their actions and learn from their mistakes. Restorative justice practices are often used to resolve conflicts and promote understanding.Overall, Chinese and American classrooms have different approaches to teaching and learning. Chinese classrooms emphasize obedience, discipline, and academic performance, while American classrooms focus on student engagement, creativity, and holistic development. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to recognize and respect the cultural differences in education.。

中美教育的差异英文作文

中美教育的差异英文作文Education is an essential part of every society, and it plays a crucial role in shaping the future of a nation. The education systems of different countries vary widely, and the education systems of China and the United States are no exception. In this essay, we will explore the differences between the education systems of China and the United States.The education system in China is highly centralized and follows a strict curriculum. Students are required to study a set of core subjects, including Chinese language, mathematics, science, and social studies. The curriculum is designed to prepare students for the national college entrance examination, which is a highly competitive exam that determines which universities students can attend.In contrast, the education system in the United States is more decentralized, and students have more flexibilityin choosing their courses. The curriculum is designed toprovide students with a broad range of knowledge and skills, and students are encouraged to explore their interests and passions. The American education system places a greater emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning.Another significant difference between the education systems of China and the United States is the teaching style. In China, the teaching style is more teacher-centered, with teachers lecturing and students taking notes. In the United States, the teaching style is more student-centered, with teachers facilitating discussions and encouraging students to participate actively in thelearning process.Moreover, the assessment methods used in China and the United States also differ. In China, grades are based primarily on exams, and students are evaluated based ontheir performance on the national college entrance examination. In the United States, grades are based on a variety of factors, including exams, essays, projects, and class participation.Finally, extracurricular activities are an essentialpart of the American education system, while they are notas emphasized in China. American students are encouraged to participate in sports, music, drama, and other activities outside of the classroom, which can help develop theirsocial and leadership skills. In contrast, Chinese students spend most of their time studying and preparing for exams.In conclusion, the education systems of China and the United States differ in many ways, including the curriculum, teaching style, assessment methods, and extracurricular activities. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach to education. However, by understanding the differences between these two systems, we can learn from each other and improve the quality of education for all students.。

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浅谈中美英语课堂教学的差异 ” 英语课堂教学主要手段有三种，一是：以教师为中心的课堂授课；二是：以学生为中心的课堂讨论；三是：教师与学生融合在一起的课堂授课。《跨文化交际研究》的作者林大津先生认为：相对说来，英美学校比较重视以学生为中心的课堂讨论，而中国学校以教师为中心的讲课几乎压倒了任何形式的学生讨论。前者鼓励“一言谈”，后者习惯于“群言谈”。本文目的就是对“群言谈”与“一言谈”先作分别论述，然后比较两种教学方式的各自特点，最后得出两者应相互借鉴，取长补短的结论，提出以教师与学生融合在一起的课堂授课方式。所以本文主要分以下三个部分论述。一、中国英语课堂教学的“一言谈” 先看这么一个例子：有一个中国英语教师上的一节英语课。他刚走进教室，全班学生起立：“Good morning, teacher!”.老师说：“Sit down, please!”开始上课，教师见学生个个挺胸拔背，全神贯注，认真听讲，教室里异常安静更是欣喜非常，教师很高兴，笑着说：“Ok, today we’ll learn the new lesson.”于是老师就开始了他的上课艺术，学生就开始了他们的一堂课笔记工作，教室里仍然是“Be quiet!”，老师在讲台上，认真板书，学生认真做他们的笔记。临近下课时候，老师忙说：“Today, we learn so many ideas. After class you must remember all. Now the homework is ………”1这便是典型的中国“一言谈”课堂：由教师一人侃侃而谈，学生埋头做笔记，很少提出什么问题。（一）与“一言谈”有关的课堂气氛中国英语教师注重“为人师表”，教师授课内容仅限于课本及考纲要求，对于一些与考纲相距较远的知识，因时间和考试限制，总是爱莫能言，对于知识点总是有条不稳的罗列在黑板上，让学生按步就搬。老师上课往往着装整洁，神情严肃，一般端立于讲台或跺步于班内。课堂中，因为课堂教学量的问题，也较少长时间让学生思考一两个问题；对于学生提的问题也只作简短回答；做为英语老师本应让学生多参与课堂的表演，往往不得不化为课后去完成；往往教师上课时会出现一些拖堂，占用课余时间等现象。而且，学生也只是一个劲的抄老师写在黑板上的板书，如果老师不板书就不知道要干什么。常常老师讲得满头大汉，学生抄得筋疲力尽。总之，中国教师上课大都属稳重型。他们认认真真备课，逐条逐点解释，课堂不说与课文无关的话（许多学校将这一条写进了“教师守则” ），讲究课堂秩序，打手势等非言语表达方式，只作为教学的辅助手段，掌握得比较“有分寸”，极少有什么夸张动作，也就是说，原定的计划要比一时的灵活性发挥重要得多2。没办法中高考的指挥棒牵引着我们。对于中国学生而言，因为考试成绩作为主要的学习评价和升学依据，报考英语专业的同学，英语成绩要好。学生只能针对考试而学习，上课只能跟着教师围着考纲转，认真听教师讲一些英语语法等内容，仔细做好有关课本知识的笔记。极少花时间去考虑教师讲的是否正确，课本知识是否已经过时等一些与考试无关的问题。（二）产生“一言谈”的主要原因首先，英语是时代的产物，我们直到70年代才把它引入国内课堂，才成为我们教学的要求。它在中国产生就是一个很短的时间，它的发展缓慢。当然不可能一下子成为教学的主流。做为承担这一使命的中国英语教师，生长在中国，毕业与中国学校，他们的思想受中国传统的教育很深，何况中国的传统教育是“传道授业解惑”。这一使命自然地把教师摆在了居高临下，无所不知的地位3。再加上中国向来尊崇孔孟之道，“师道尊严”、“子曰诗云”“一日为师，终身为父”、“天地君亲师”等几千年的教义更是确立了教师在教育教学的主导性、权威性地位。这种地位使教师可以掌握课堂的气氛、控制学习的方向。而学生只能带着尊敬的神情去聆听父亲的教诲。这样，师生之间不是平等讨论者的关系，而是演讲者与听众的关系。这必然导致中国英语课堂教学的“一言谈”局面。其次，在中国几千年的教育发展史中，不仅教育家，包括国家统治者，在谈及教育问题时，都倾向于按照统治阶级的意志办教育。他们不是不重视教育，而是更多地强调了教育者对受教育者的影响。现代教育界对教育理解仍与教育史上对教育的理解相似。《教育大辞典》中注释教育一词：“广义的教育：泛指影响人们知识、技能、身心健康、思想品德的形成与发展的各种活动。狭义的教育：学校教育，根据一定社会（或阶级）所需要的人的活动。”4这一理解不仅影响了中国几千年的教育模式，还影响到我们现在的教育模式。其中狭义的教育定义的“教育者施加影响”说法就为以教师为中心的“一言谈”的教育模式提供了理论基础。再次，中国教学的“一言谈”不仅有以上的传统因素，也有现实需要。在许多人心目中，英语是一本很重要的科目。升学率历来是衡量学校及个人的尺寸，考试本身又是一个指挥棒，为考试而教，为考试而学，成为一条习惯老路，非走不可。大学生也要通过英语四级考试才能顺利毕业，而考试类型大都要死记硬背一大堆事实材料才能对付过去。听课、记笔记、背笔记，而后才能“过五关，斩六将”，哪有时间搞“群言谈”？5 （三）中国“一言谈”的教学效果中国“一言谈”英语课堂教学不仅具有知识容量大，对学生要求高等特点，而且在教学的严谨性、严肃性方面都是无懈可击的。这样，在知识上给学生打下了系统扎实的基础，也培养了学生一定的自学能力，对学生的词汇，语法，阅读，以及外语听、说、读、写能力都有很好的帮助。我们也常常听说，华人在各种各样的英语比赛中都数一数二。这些都说明：“一言谈”教育出来的中国学生具有基础知识扎实，学习刻苦，学习目标明确等优势。正是这些优势，使中国人在一些专业性较强的工作中所表现出来的能力得到全世界的公认。但因为“一言谈”的教学方式，中国英语教师习惯“满堂灌”，使学生养成了只知道被动地记，不爱提问的习惯。从而使他们在学习中习惯于过多地依赖教师和课本，自主学习能力较差。有这么一个笑话，话说一个大专生在一次旅游中，想叫一位“foreigner”照相，不懂得说，尽然用手势比画半天，才让他明白。还有很多类似的话题，有的学生学到中学毕业，最基本的口语都不会，这不能不引起我们英语同行的思考6。而且“一言谈”还带来了课堂不活跃，老师讲得多，学生思考得少、活动得少的弊端，学生背的功夫好，演讲、表达和动手能力较差。同时也造成学生阅读面不广，查找资料，做课题困难等问题7。最明显的事实，中国学生实际操作水平就不好。二、美国课堂教学的“群言谈” （二）与“群言谈”有关的课堂氛围英美教师，尤其是美国教师，上课的风格颇具戏剧性。课堂总体气氛比较随便，学生上课可以吃东西，翘二朗腿，有的教师讲课时嘴里还嚼着口香糖。8有一些美国教师，如前面所举的一个美国教师，讲课到兴致处，竟坐到讲台上去，讲得有声有色，全无” 中国人所看重的课堂仪表。外国教师讲课缺乏系统性，一个问题尚未解释清楚，又跌到另一个问题，有时爱讲与课文内容无关的事。9 美国教师鼓励学生提问，对于学生提问多多益善。提问内容可以是课内的，也可以是课外的。他们认为学生问的每一个问题都是好的、有意义的。他们一贯倡导“没有错误的问题，只有不完善的答案”。由此美国学生很好问，有位北京教师到美国去上课，一节课学生一直问着有关中国的问题，他就整节课回答着问题，备好的教案一点也没用10。美国学生除了好问，他们还积极参与发言，陈述自己的观点。美国学者认为：学生参与发言越多，说明教师上的课就越成功。所以那位北京教师的课虽然简单，但在他们眼里却是成功的。当美国教师遇到无法回答的问题时，总是诚挚地说：“Sorry，I don’t know. Let’s discuss it .”不施瞒天过海之计，必定使学生的思想穿越时空，联想无限11。总之，英美学校强调学生应多思考，多提问题，鼓励学生难倒教师，乃至超过教师12。（二）产生“群言谈”的主要原因第一、这是由美国教育家对教育的理解决定的。翻开教育的历史，我们不难发现，教育一词，英语为Education,原语由拉丁这Educare而来，意为引出。言引导儿童之固有性能，使之完全发展也。这是西方教育对教育的最早理解，这种理解使得他们在实施教育的时候，更注意教育的引导作用。在西方教育史上，许多教育家在论及教育问题时，都提倡要适应人的自然发展。从古希腊的亚里士多德，到20世纪的杜威，教育的引导功能被他们发挥到了极致13。第二，“群言谈”是美国特殊历史的产物。美国于18世纪独立，它是个多种族、多民族、多文化的移民国家，工业起步早，没有经历过封建社会，是个“没有婴幼儿时代，只有青年时代”的国家，因此文化的背景致使其社会多元化14。反映在学校教育中，必然形成课堂教学中建立一种民主、平等的关系。这种关系自然就为师生间的平等的课堂讨论奠定了基础。第三，美国的国情培育了“群言谈”。美国人口少，学校多，只要交得起学费，每个人都有机会上大学，况且他们不存在统招统配问题，学生完全按社会需要和个人兴趣来选择专业。中途辍学，然后又返回这学校，念完规定的课程，修满规定的学分，这也是司空见惯的。文科考试题型，具有需要学生发挥想象，自由创造的论文测试。所以教师上课重启发、重讨论、重形象、重生动，一句话，重“表演” 15。（三）美国“群言谈”的教学效果美国教师上课时，常常把很多时间留给学生来发表意见，并启发学生提出自己的各种设想，最后由老师和学生一起来总结。这样，学生对学习的印象很深刻，而且也提高了他们对学习的兴趣。美国学生学习灵活，业余爱好多，课外活动多，思想活跃，走上社会后，不断“跳槽”(job-hopping),社会适应性强16。课堂中，美国教师给学生充分时间去思考问题，给他们足够空间去展开想象，给他们足够机会去提出质疑，也放手让他们自己动手去解决问题。故学生自学能力，及他们查阅资料以完成作业，运用资料以进行课题研究，进行社会实践，自己动手的能力都相对较强。美国的“群言谈”的教学方式采用一对一或随时质疑的对话和讨论等形式，激发了学生的求知和探究本性，使学生在对话与讨论中学会协作，学会聆听别人的意见、发表自己的见解。在这块沃土里批判性思维和创造性思维得以滋长。尤其可贵的是，教师时常为学生提供对同一问题用多种不同观点进行观察比较和分