新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A答案+课文翻译
研究生新世纪英语课文翻译
Unit 1 A Young Boy’s Ambition1.我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个永恒的志愿。
那就是当轮船上的水手。
我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的。
马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小丑；第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活；我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上，品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。
这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。
2.一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。
在这些大事出现之前，这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂：这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了。
不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样。
如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在心中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打盹；街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有：水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来，靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下遮着脸，打着瞌睡一他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了：一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子：两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲臵着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在这木堆近旁酣睡着；码头上端有两三只平底木船，可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河，让它那一英里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林；村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线，把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。
随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来了!”于是情况就变了!镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了，随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每户人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。
新世纪研究生英语A课文翻译超缩便携版(可正反打印)
英翻汉：第二单元：(因特网不能做什么)第1段："It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth." acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts on the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of thing about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome will supposedly eradicate cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living)with exuberant claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, It has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。
研究生公共英语教材阅读A课后翻译答案(修正版)
研究生公共英语教材阅读A课后翻译答案2009-01-05 10:19Lesson one1.His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2.A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling,it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3.Students have easy access to the resources in the library ,So they are supposed to make the best of it.4.Titanic,the most luxurious ship in the world at that time,hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US.Consequently ,the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5.Every summer ,all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.6.They have been to St.Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders,but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.Lesson two1.Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars,reduce pollution,and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications,it will notput an end to war,since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activites.4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they can not afford it .The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively.Therefore,it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.5.Thanks to the Internet,income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced.however,the inequality information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged,despite the claims of the techno-prophets,humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. Lesson 31.Many studies indicate that the desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture.2.Although the children from age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws ,about 1%of the children still can not read when they have primary school.3.After heard the news ,I knew i fell restless again within a fortnight .4.We think unanimously to answer the question ,we must look moreclosely at the faces.5.Though out the world, government at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.6.Some people think that the objective items ,such as multiple choices, should be used for an examination, others do not agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students learning.Lesson four1. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6.In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness.However,people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the moderm time of labor-savingdevices and convenient transportation.Lesson five1.It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2.Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune,where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.3.It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthd ay party.They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then;the more Jeff knows Rose ,the more he likes her.4.This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers ,but in limiting price increases.5.Similarly ,they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.6.Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.Lesson six1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2.The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.3.Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money.4.The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5.An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.6.Mary is pretty bright.As a matter of fact,her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year.Lesson seven1.Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2.The govemment officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short-term projects,which is not beneficial to scientific development.3.The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime,as a result of which there was a serious talent drain.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof.If any of you would like to make a contribution,we shall be most grateful.5.The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments,in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.6.The speech that the chairman delivered at the conference made much sense to regain the employees’ confidence.Lesson nine1.On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the Entrance Examination,my heart was filled with wonder.I wondered what the future held for me,of surprise and excitement or a disappointment and sorrow.2.The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her mother,crying for more candies and drinks.But the mother persisted that they had bought enough.3.His wife was sent to the operation room.He walked to and fro outside,smoking one cigarette after another.When he saw the door opened ,he felt a thrill of tenseness.4.Under the gaze of his colleagues,he flushed with embarrassment and bowed his head.He casually took up a newspaper and hid his face behind it ,pretending to be reading it.5.They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand.They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart,they would succeed in these experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left her.In despair,she shut herself and the infant in a room,claiming that they would perish together.Thanks to the policemen who came in time,the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath.Lesson Ten1.We must figure out how to solve the tissue-rejection problem.2.His behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.3.In addition to the impressiveness of the settings,there is a use of the camera that at times seems magical.4.At first,no ready technical data were available,but we managed to go without.5.She has some difficulty in giving shape to her ideas.But she resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.6.The most part of their designs corresponds to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand,the other part needs reconsidering.Lesson Eleven1.The main concern of the people is that if China’s urban economy can not join international intercourse,our country will be in a disadvantageous situation in the world market.2.Smuggling operations not only disorder our markets,and evade custom duty,but also harm the survival and development of national industry.3.To promote the rapid development of economy the government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy.4.This popular theory must be discarded in the light of new findings for the benefit of the majority of the people.5.In order to protect the environment,traditional farming methods are coming into use in many areas in Europe.6.Because of the time limit and the shortage of human resources,the firm has not yet managed to find new premises that are suitable for their purpose.Lesson twelve1.Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharingby enabling people to send one another message,files,data and images.2. The only way to differentiate yourself from the competition is through service.3. The less there is to justify a traditional custom,the harder itis to get rid of it.4. In high school,students should build on their priorknowledge,learning more-varied and more dophisticated problem solving techniques.5. You are not required to simply memorize information.You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and applyit in a practical way.6. A well-bablanced life is necessary to live in today’sworld.Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individual.Lesson thirteen1. Planning so far ahead makes no sense.So many things will havechanged bynext year.2. The main problem that people are facing in the 21st century is that the rapidincrease of population is a heavy burden for developing countries.3. The key is that in regard to the modern scientific and technical books,especially textbooks,their authors should revise them at short intervals ifthey wish to keep pace with the times.4. The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under theguise of market research in order to get more profits since 1989.5. Tears are a natural form of expression.As they can cinvey a multitude offeelings,such as happiness,sadness,loneliness,fear,comfort,anger,or frustrations,it provides a healthy outlet for emotions.6. On one hand,the Government of China has already made great efforts tomobilize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of localconditions.On the other hand,greater efforts should be made to further raisepeople’s awareness of the envi ronment and spread knowledge about the environment.Lesson Fourteen1. All the employees in the company are confident that before too long we willmake a wise decision on this .2. Twenty years ago,because of his unemployment,he couldn’t afford to buybicycle,let alone a car.3. Despite the fact there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy,thesearch party still went on looking.4. Unfortunately,George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept thisreward this reward on his behalf.5. Currently ,the individuals who might have caused the accident are underinvestigation.6. It was suggested that as the largest non-public high-tech industry in China,they should devote themselves to the development of their own products instead of simply assembling for foreign companies.Lesson fifteen1. In today’s job market a person who is deficient in skill,experience,knowledgefinds it very hard to get a job.2. After realizing that alcoholism was associated with a mutation of the gene,Dr.Noble began to try treating alcoholics with bromocriptinw.3. That old film evoked our father’s generatin’s memories of the years of thewar.4. At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.5. While researchers emphasize that environmental factors are also crucial,many population studies have pointed to the importance of genetics.6. He learned that the medication could reduce his craving when cocaine was unavailable.。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读A英语作文及课文缩写
2、What the Internet cannot doPart I You are required to write 100-150 words to summarize the textPart II You are required to write 100-150 words about two other things that the Internet cannot doPart I: A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences with exuberant claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. Was it true ?Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. Furthermore, the internet can help to reduce energy consumption and pollution only if people's online activities genuinely displaced real-world activities.Even inequality maybe reduced thanks to the internet in some way, but the gap between rich and poor is widening. The true reason is that the poor lack the skills to exploit the internet effectively. Therefore, it would make more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.Even when everyone on the planet has been connected to the internet, there will still be wars, pollution, and inequality. If human nature seems to remain stubbornly unchanged; despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.Part II The Internet seems to make the world smaller. We can make friends with anybody and deal with things through it at home. However, if we stay at home all day with the internet, we would lack social connections, leading to either increased familial conflicts or social isolation and personal and emotional isolation. Then will produce more social problems. Therefore, face-to-face interaction will not be replaced.The Internet gives us more information. It has had a significant impact on the world of business. In today's society, there are more and more hackers, spam to disturb the normal order in our life. That makes us get the wrong information and leads to a great loss . Information is not all safe and effective on the internet.3、DesertPart One Summarize the textPart Two Desertification: Causes and Measures1.There is more to deserts than sun and sand. All deserts are dry and deserts winds are usuallydry. It is difficult for life to survive there owing to extreme changes in temperature and very low rainfall. However, some plants, animals and people have developed strategies for survival in the desert.Some plants die as the desert dries out again, leaving their seeds for the next rains. Other plants store water in their leaves, stems or roots. Many have small waxy leaves and fewer pores throughwhich they lose water. All desert animals survive on little water. Most animals shelter from the day time heat in holes or burrows and only emerge in the cool evening or at dawn.Smaller mammals often have large ears to lose heat. Reptiles venturing out in daytime try to avoid touching the hot sand. Over thousands of years, people have learnt how to survive in deserts from older people. On the edges of the desert, nomadic peoples graze flocks of sheep and goats and move constantly to fresher pastures. Oases form around wells or springs on which are settlements and sometimes farms. Deserts are spreading.Throughout the world, governments and aid agencies try to prevent desertification.2.T oday, deserts are spreading and getting larger. It is generally accepted that desertification isbecoming an alarming issue.What causes desertification? Considering natural factors, the soil becomes exposed and is easily eroded. Drought and high winds probably aggravate it. As for human factors, overgrazing plays a critical role. In addition, indiscriminate deforestation may turn forests into desert, which results in a decline of land to resist against wind and sand.Desertification is such a urgent problem that we must take some measures to prevent it from happening. Firstly, people should return more farmlands to forests and grassland. Then, governments and aid agencies should devise some projects and implement them to help local people. Last but not least, we need to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment and building ecological society.四Fatigue（1+2）Part I Causes of fatigue and the way to combat them (summary of the text)Part II My way to combat fatigue1.Nowadays, fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, andrelatives. The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse.There are three main categories of fatigue. The first is physical. This is the well-known result of overworking your muscles to the point where metabolic waste products accumulate in your blood and sap your strength.The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated wastes and restore muscle fuel. The second is pathological.Here fatigue is warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder. It not be overlooked. We should have a thorough physical checkup and a good attitude about the disease. The last, emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. We should try to avoid it and try our best to find out the reasons and solutions. We should speak out and expressed openly to avoid depression.2There is a great deal we can do to deal with fatigue. The simplest way for me is to eat a properbreakfast, low in sugar and fairly high in protein, which will provide peak energy in the morning. You might try regular conditioning exercises help you to resist fatigue by increasing your body's ability tohandle more of a work load. But don't over do it. Otherwise, get to bed earlier and don't put too much pressure to yourself and learn to say no to additional requests. Relaxing yourself and try taking breaks to refresh yourself are often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.五Bringing up childrenPart I Summarize the textPart II Comment on the idea which impresses you the most1.B ringing up children Upbringing and education are interdependent.Upbringing is normallyused to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents' capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Parents seek guidance with child's problems by using general information or by referring to books based on scientific knowledge and comparing notes with friends and relatives.All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline.Learning together is fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching.六How service experiences affect studentsPart I Summarize the textpart II What will benefit you the most in the future? And how to achieve it in college?1.During college, service participants exhibit greater increases in social self-confidence and leadership ability than do non participants. What exactly can higher education do to promote citizenship development among students, and at the same time address the myriad problems that continue to plague society? Maybe, service learning is a simple but extremely powerful pedagogical tool. Properly designed service learning courses relate the community service experience to the course material. It not only enriches traditional course content but also improves the quality of the service being performed by giving it an intellectual underpinning. The effects of service are the strongest in civic responsibility. The longitudinal analyses reveal significant positive effects on academic development and life skills. Finally, during college, service participants exhibit greater increases in social self-confidence and leadership ability than do non-participants.2.In my opinion, service participation is very beneficial to my development in the future. Serviceparticipation will reveal significant positive effects in different areas, such as leadership opportunities,preparation for future career. I will relate the community service experiences to the traditional course content and to test abstract theory in the real world. During college, I will choose to be the volunteers, take part-time jobs or take part in other practical activities alike. Moreover, in service learning, I will apply my knowledge to solution to practical problems. Finally, I will try my best to balance relationship between service learning and study.七Supporting science要求：Summarize the textThe twilight of the 20th century is an age of enormous technological change. Science is the raw material that applied research and engineering refine into their products. Science changes the way we live, and the way we look at the world. But sadly, basic science is no longer fashionable.At present, while older companies cut back on research, younger companies, born of the current technological revolution, simply ignore it. As for government, science has not been recognized as the wellspring of technology miracle, and as a consequence support is cut.There is no useless research. Like any exploratory process , scientific research is an uncertain undertaking, but can be tackled as a group. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of the research project and enough time to bring them to fruition. Many discoveries reach their full potential. Government and tech companies should realize that supporting science makes money and brings tangible nonmonetary benefits.It is clear that if we all shirk our support for science. We jeopardize not only our legacy of scientific achievement, but also the economic prosperity of the near future. We should consider the longer time scales and spend more on science.八How trees are killing our riversPart I Summarize the textPart II Offer two or three suggestions on environmental protection1.I n the past decade, acid rain has caused a drop in water quality in almost 60 miles of Welshrivers and some tributary streams. Most of the streams flow through plantations of conifer trees. Now the effect of shade of the dark, densely planted conifer crops is altering water temperatures, causing a considerable decline in the development of many invertebrates and fish, and other groups of animals.An assessment of the impact of conifer plantations on stream water temperatures has been made by doctors Weatherley and Ormerod. They studied year-round temperature variations in six streams. All three conifer-forested streams were supported only by a few varieties of invertebrates.Acidification is the cause. They found the substantial changes water temperatures caused by the planting of conifers. Trees shading out both direct and indirect sunlight. They used published biological models to simulate the impact on invertebrate and fish development. According to these simulations,invertebrate and fish developed faster in a moorland stream than in a forested stream. The modeling suggests that temperature changes brought about by putting densely conifer plantations close to streams may have important consequences for stream life.2.As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse.Not only does it affectour lives and health, it also has a bad effect on our future life. What can we do for our environment?Firstly, we should save water. Water is the source of life. We can't live without water. Not only should we protect drinking-water and stop polluting it, but also make full use of it. Secondly, we should use cloth bags or baskets instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. The plastic bags can't decompose in a short time and it's bad for our environment. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.十Building body partsPart I Summarize the textPart II Write something about the significance of replacement body parts.Part I Scientists are finding ways to help you grow a body part of your own. If scientists could only figure out how to give the stem cells just the right kick in just the right direction, each could become a liver, a heart, a brain or a bone. When the discovery was announced, doctors all over the world looked forward to a new era of medicine, but they also saw obstacles.But they won't become pessimistic. By making clever use of ordinary cells scientists have found out the suitable ways to "grow your own " organs of each part objectively.Scientists took some of the victim's bone cells, grew them in the lab and then injected them into a piece of coral fashioned into the shape of the missing digit. Coral's got lots of interconnected channels for the bone cells to grow in. It also degrades as bone replaces it. Then the patch was implanted back on the thumb, the victim gets most of his function back.Furthermore, scientists have grown human-shaped fingers on the back of a mouse, demonstrating that different cell types can grow together.Blood vessels present a special challenge: they must be strong yet flexible enough to expand and contract with each heartbeat. But now the vessels have worked well in animal tests. Meanwhile, the artificial bladders and livers began to function like the real thing in animals tests.One drawback with all these techniques is that it takes time. Although using patient's own cells could sidestep the rejection problem, time is a luxury. Many patients, particularly heart patients, can't afford. So the realization of using these ways to "grow your own " organs is really the Holy Grail.Part II Write something about the significance of replacement body parts.Some people are born with some incomplete organs, also some people in the accidents such as a car accident, illness and lose a certain organ. Then people's life was spent in pain. However, with the development of science and technology, growing a body part of your own brings hope to the patientswith incomplete organs. In the future, "grow your own " organs will without organ-donor shortages or the tissue-rejection problems that bedevil transplant patients.In my opinion, replacement body parts can make people more healthy. It can even extend the life of the people. Replacement body parts has great significance. The results are promising but it need long-term efforts.。
研究生公共英语教材答案
研究生公共英语教材答案【篇一：新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b 课后答案】p class=txt>p8 i comprehension check1-5 dcdab 6-10 ddcabp10 vocabulary studyi 1-5 cbadb 6-10 cdbcdii 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy9.murky 10.ticklishiii translationp14 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ffftt 6-10 ftfttb.1-5 ftftf 6-10 ftftfunit two the new singlesp29 i comprehension check1-5 bdbdc 6-10 accadp31 vocabulary studyi 1.neo-realist 2.neo-nazis 3.neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesii 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusioniii translationkey to supplementary readings(略)unit three doctor’s dilemma:treat or let die?p51 comprehension check1-5 bccbd 6-10 dcdadp53 vocabulary studyi 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount6.ethical7.prolonged8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyii 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly9.acquitted 10.frontiersiii translationp59 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 tttftb. 1-5 ffttf 6-10 tftffunit four the cultural patterning of spacep71 comprehension check1-5 babcc 6-9 dddbp73 vocabulary studyi 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdii 1.anthropologists 2. patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial9.florist’s 10.architectureiii translationunit five can you raise a polite kid in this rude world?p94 comprehension check1-5 bdadb 6-9 aadbp95 vocabulary studyi 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabcii 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray9.defuse 10.frustratediii translationunit six the new american dreamersp115 comprehension check1-5 deaac 6-10 dcdabp117 vocabulary studyi outgoing 2.petite 3.emphatically 4.self-possessed 5. quest6.personable7. fantasized8. buy into9.defer 10.caught upii 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced 5.affluent 6. tied down 7. quest 8. the end of the rainbow 9.therapeutic 10. formulatingiii translationp126 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ccbdd 6-8 aaab. 1-5 ffftf 6-10 tttftunit seven a son’s restless journeyp143 comprehension check1-5 abdcb 6-8 dabp144 vocabulary studyi 1.carped 2. embodied 3. agonized 4. outright 5. peered6.mediocre7. inundated8. bucked9. snarling at 10.petered outii 1.obsolete 2.wince 3.grueling 4. whizzed through 5. pretentious 6.squelched 7.mull 8. jaded 9. misgivings 10. sanctuary 11.unfazed 12.posed 13.scoffed 14. misbehavediii translationp150 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 dccdb 6-10 abaabb. 1-5 ftftf 6-10 fttff 11-15 ttffft eight sex rolesp169 comprehension check1-5 dcaba 6-10 ccbadp171 vocabulary studyi 1-5 jhgab 6-10 idcfeii 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine5.disapproval6.subsistence7. speculate8.perceive 9. socialize 10.proneiii translationp181 key to supplementary readingsa.b.1-5 tfftt 6-9 tfttunit nine animal emotionsp193 comprehension check1-5 dadcc 6-10 bbacdp195 vocabulary studyi 1. parlance 2. stringent 3. ascribed 4. symposium 5. copious6. aversion to7. warrant8. manipulated9. garnered 10.lingered ii 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedly iii translationp200 key to supplementary readingsa. 1-5 ttttf 6-10 ftfftb. 1-5 tfftt 6-10 fftftunit ten is science dangerous?p214 comprehension check1-5 bbdac 6-10 bcadbp216 vocabulary studyi 1.standing by 2. conjured up 3. cherishes 4. stick to 5. shoulder 6. siblings 7. came by 8. dressing up 9.tyranny 10. come into playii 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implicationiii translationp222 key to supplementary readingsa.1-5 ttfft 6-10 tftttb. 1-5 tffft 6-10 tffft【篇二：新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说答案】1）practical （2）religious（3）sunday school（4）piano （5）a walk （6）join them（7）other people （8）go to the cinema（9）at the time（10）duty（11）gentle（12）discussion （13）penniless（14）vivid（15）greeted （16）love and warmth（17）come home （18）principles（19）applying2.part d1) 1947 2) yale law school 3) a brave face 4) family life 5) stood by 6) on her husbands behalf 7) highlight 8) the white house9) relationship 10) her marriage11)all americans 12) the first lady 13) 1996 14) law firm15) public stage16)everybody 17) the same thing 18) in private 19) public responsibilities 20) a true home3.part d1) opportunity, 2) distinguished guests, 3) his family, 4) washington, 5) campaign, 6) the very best, 7) differences, 8) involvement, 9) first lady, 10) vice president, 11) cooperation, 12)politics, 13) values, 14) democrats, 15) unity, 16) foundation, 17) details, 18) consensus, 19) common ground, 20) one nation 4.part d1) honor and pleasure 2) the families and friends 3) encouragement. 4) 1968.5) proud 6) capable 7) learning and preparation 8) a formal education, 9) responsibilities 10) possibilities. 11) an exceptional education 12) ambitious 13) worthiest 14) personal satisfaction 15) harvard friends 16) education, 17) understanding 18) happiness and success 19) memories of harvard 20)undergraduates5.part d1) audience 2) text 3) the whole group 4) emphasize 5) straight6)technician7) microphone 8) careful 9) side 10) value11) apology 12) message 13)best public speakers 14) shortest 15) achallenge16) poet 17) admiration 18) fifteen 19) profession 20) effectiveness7.part d1)24th 2) 1817, 3) small country towns, 4) a great place,5) live,6)toohot,7)destroying8)three,9) read and write, 10) politics,11) greatest,12) 31st, l3) 1850,14) entertainment15) income, 16) well-off,17) sixth,18) beauty,19) dozen,20) even though8.part d1)influential; 2) independence; 3) measurement; 4) inspired; 5) achievement; 6) millionaires; 7) lifetime; 8) are willing to; 9) sympathy; 10) spiritual; 11) estates; 12) enduring; 13) positive;14) freedom; 15) capacity; 16) blessing; 17)open; 18)self-discipline; 19)security; 20)benefit9.part d1) broadcast 2) last night 3) effect 4) 19805) actual6) uncertain7) looked like 8) state 9) networks 10) 7:52 11) competing 12) as possible 13) lead14) unexpected 15) suddenly 16) 80% 17) everybody else18) reduced 19) some20) later on.10.part d1) 2) 3) 4) 5), 6) . 7) 8). 12) 15) , 20) 11.part d1) 5) 6) 7) 8) . 11) 13) 17) , 18) 19) 20) .【篇三：新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读a第1-14单元答案+课文翻译(全)】young boy’s ambitionvocabulary study：1.permanent2.had assembled3.discharging4.meekly5.apprentice6.partiality7.obscure8.exalted9.intruding 10.cordially 11.ambition 12.gallantlycloze：bdcab adabb dbdaa ccdcb、Ⅳ. translation1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读a部分课后答案
Unit 11. permanent2. had assembled3. discharging4. meekly5. apprentice6. partiality7. obscure8.exalted9.intruding 10. cordially11. ambition 12. gallantly1. transient2. faded out3. blew up4. ruthless5. trivial6. in a twinkling7. under way8. tranquil9. gorgeous 10. for the time being11. conspicuous 12. exalted1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3.Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.A l. A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5. B 6.C 7. C 8. CB l.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. BUnit 2i1. advocated 2. extravagant 3. vulnerable4. guru5. potential6. dispel7. shunned8. acclaimed9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 11. attendant 12. venturedii.1. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obsolete4. disproved5. foster6. ludicrous7. apparent8. avert9. displaced patriots 11.endeavors 12. hailedIV. Translation1. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3.The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities4.The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.5.Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6.If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. Reading:cdabcaUnit 4i 1.Physical 2.accumulation 3.diversity4.precipitated5.muscular6.pathological7.symptomatic8.vigorous9.psychologically10.Anxiety11.restored 12.refreshedii1.manifestations 2.resume 3.precipitate4.consequence5.diverse6.a skimpy7.taxing8.prolong9.overlooked10.vigor 11.enhanced 12.relapse1. I find that walking along the quiet lake in the evening can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable you become to physical and psychological problems.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but sleep and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation.Unit 5i1.uniform2.distinguish/recognize3.ascer tained4.recognized5.unique6.outlet7.tactile8.rigid9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundationii1.determined 2.cumulative 3.innate4.warped5.train6.underlie7.zest8.imposed9.precept10.a marked 11.forbidding 12. consistencySupplementary ReadingsA 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.CB 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B9.B 10.A1.It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2.Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where sheis also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.3.It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party. They have been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.4.This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.5.Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.6.Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.Unit 6i.1. as a matter of fact 2. are plagued3.versus4. have been reflecting on5. positive6. is implementing7. will enroll8. has been enriched9. aspiration10. academic 11. well-informed12. commitment toii. 1. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. reflected 6. otherwise7. aspirations8. rated 9. strenthened 10.has been decliningKey to Supplementary ReadingsA 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B7.A 8.DB 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T10.T1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2.The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.3.Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money.4.The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5.An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.6.Mary’s pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she’s certain to get a university place this year.Unit 7i1.downsized 2.dynamic 3.yield4.hadguaranteed5.inflict6.budget7.priority8.accelerating9.shirk10.vitally 11.jaopardize 12.criteriaii 1.aggregate 2.excessive 3.scrutiny 4.reap 5.opined 6.casualties 7.inception 8.prosperity 9.paradox10.tangible 11.life expectancy 12.vistasKey to Supplementary ReadingA 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D6.BB 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T6.T1.Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2.The government officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short-term projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.3.The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, as a result of which there was a serious talent drain.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof. If any of you would like to make a contribution, we shall be most grateful.5.The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments, in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.6.The speech that the chairman delivered at the conference made much sense to regain the employees’confidence.Unit 8i 1. acid 2. shaded 3. knock-on 4. Drain 5. banks 6. spacing 7. band 8. needles9.filter10. altitudes 11. variables 12. organismIi 1.assessment 2. variations 3. likely 4.Formally 5.subsequent 6.felled 7.virtually 8.numerous 9.stable 10.fertile 11.that decade 12.counterpartKey to Supplementary ReadingA 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D7.A 8.AB 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D7.D 8.B1.Mexico City is one of the most populated cities in the world.2.The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.3.I either left my credit card at home or in the car – I can’t remember which.4.We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they’re decided to remain silent.5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the price levers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.6.It is assumed that in the next 20 years, the most surprising development will take place in the space flight. Now space shuttles are being developed and they can be used many times instead of only once.Unit 9II. Vocabulary Studyi1.applied2.repentance 3.penetrated 4.monkey-like 5.contrast 6.impressed 7.passionate 8.awakened9.succeeded10.blossoms 11.expectant 12.oppotunityii 1.tussle 2.gushed 3.quivering 4.lingered 5.attempts 6.grope 7.fragrance 8.persisted in 9.flushed 10.vaguely 11.confounded 12.approaching1.On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the EntranceExamination, my heart was filled with wonder. I wondered what the future held for me, of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.2.The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her, crying for more candies and drinks. But the mother persisted that they had bought enough.3.His wife was sent into the operating room. He walked to and fro in the corridor, smoking one cigarette after another. When he saw the door opened, he felt a thrill of tenseness.4.Under the gaze of his colleagues, He flushed with embarrassment and bowed his head. He casually took up a newspaper and hid his face behind it, pretending to be reading it.5.They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand. They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart, they would succeed in these experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left her. In despair, she shut herself and the infant in a room, claiming that they would perish together. Thank to the policemen who came in time, the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath.Unit 12Vocabulary Study:1.proactive2.disseminate3.incentive4.leverage5.facilitate6.precedent7.demonstratedpensation9.justify 10.implement 11.initiative 12.preventive Key to Supplementary Readings DACCBTranslation:1.Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages,files,data and images.2.The only way to differentiate yourself form the competition is through service.3.The less there is to justify atraditional custom,the harder it is to get rid of it.4.In high school,students should build on their prior knowledge,learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.5.You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.6.A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’sworle. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individoual.Unit 14i 1. recognized 2. credited 3. features 4. expertise5. considerable6. supervision7. flaw8. recruit9. twist 10. strain 11. devastate12. budgeti i 1. let alone 2. spot 3. are supposed to 4. came to light5. looking into6. pass on7. replaced with8. call on9. Odd 10. appalling 11. submitted 12. AcuteKey to Supplementary ReadingsA 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C6.D7.D8.CB 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F6.T7.T8.F1.All the employees in the company are confident that before too long we will make a wise decision on this.2.Twenty years ago, because of his unemployment, he couldn’t afford to buy a bicycle, let alone a car.3.Despite the fact there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy, the search party still went on looking.4.Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this reward on his behalf.5.Currently, the individuals who might have caused the accident are under investigation.6. It was suggested that as the largest non-public high-tech industry in China, they should devote themselves to the development of their own products instead of simply assembling for foreign companies.。
《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A》课文
《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A》课文Unit 3 Ocean of SandFrom The Guardian1. There is more deserts than sun and sand. On these two pages you can find out how plants, animals and people manage to survive in these apparently barren places.2. All deserts are dry. The hot, sandy places we think of when we talk about deserts are subtropical deserts. They are found near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn where the warm air which rises at the Equator sinks down again, giving a climate of clear skies and very low rainfall. The Sahara is almost one-third the size of Africa, and is nearly as big as the U. S. A. , the fourth largest country. It was not always a desert. Over millions of years it has been convered in ice, sea, forests and grasslands.3. Desert winds are usually dry. Some deserts are in “rain shadow” areas where the winds have lost what moisture they had crossing high ground. Others are in the middle of continents where the winds blowing over them have lost any moisture gained from distant oceans. The Gobi desert in Mongolia in Asia is an example of such an inland desert. The Atacama in northern Chile is the driest desert on Earth. Parts of the desert had no rain for 400 years, from 1570 to 1971, and in other parts, rains had never been recordedn. One of the sandiest deserts is the Takla Makan. Sandstorms can whip up the sand as high as 3, 048 m(10. 000 ft). Windblown sand in the Sahara can be so fierce that it will sandblast the point off a car or aeroplane. The temperature at night in a hot desert can drop below freezing, to -4℃(24℉). During the day, the sand can be as hot as 79℃(175℉).Living in a desert climate4. Deserts are difficult places in which to live. During the day they are very hot. In the Libyan Desert in North Africa the temperature on 13 September 1922 reached 58C in the shade! But desert nights are often cold because clear skies allow heat to escape into the atmosphere. The lack of water caused by low rainfall is bad enough, but rainfall is also highly unpredictable. Years of drought can end in tremendous rainstorms. Many desert areas are bare rock, or are covered with pebbles and gravel. Sand accounts for only about 15 per cent of the earth’s desert regions. In some deserts, the total rain for the year might fall in only two or three storms. But that is enough for plant seeds to sprout and bloom, turning parts of the desert into carpets of flowers for a few days. How plants survive5. Within a few hours of rain falling, thousands of flowering plants will start to appear. Seeds of plants such as the desert dandelion lie in the ground for years waiting for the rain.6. These plants die as the desert dries out again, leaving their seeds for the next rains. Other plants have adapted to the harsh environment by storing water in their leaves, stems or roots. The American saguaro cactus can hold 6 to 8 tones of water. Desert plants often have spreading root systems which extract every drop of moisture from the ground. The roots of the mesquite bush can be 20m deep.7. Plants generally lose water through pores in their leaves. To prevent this, desert plants have small waxy leaves and fewer pores. Many close their pores during the day so they do not lose moisture. To protect themselves against grazing animals, some plants have thorns or an unpleasanttaste. Cacti are protected by their sharp spines. Cacti are found only in American deserts. The tallest are saguaros which can reach 15m (50 ft) tall, weigh 7 tons and live for 200 years. Water is stored in the stem and used in times of drought.Animal life8. Although deserts seem empty, few are without animals. Most animals shelter from the daytime heat in holes or burrows. The burrows trap moisture are stay cooler than the ground above. In the cooler evening or at dawn, the animals emerge.9. Smaller mammals often have large ears. During the day, the animal loses heat through its ears. In the dark, large warn the animal of unseen dangers.10. Reptiles venturing out in daytime try to avoid touching the hot sand. The Australian bearded lizard sometimes runs on its hind legs only. The aptly named sidewinder snake only touches the ground in two places.11. All desert animals survive on little water. Many small animals live on the moisture in their food. Larger animals such as the camel can go without water for days, but drink huge amounts when they get the chance. A camel can drink 10 litres of water in a minute.Desert peoples12. Over thought of years, people have learnt how to survive in Deserts. The San people of the Kalahari desert in southern Africa and the Australian Aborigines hunt animals and gather food plants. They learn traditional skills from older people.13. On the edges of the desert, nomadic peoples graze flocks of sheep and goats. They are constantly moving to fresher pastures. Nomads such as the Tuareg of the Sahara in North Africa wear loose chothing to protect them sand and heat. Tuareg men protect their faces with a veil.14. In some deserts, oases (fertile areas) form around wells or springs. Around oases there are settlements and something farms. The mud-brick houses are kept cool by their thick windowless walls.On the move15. Deserts are spreading. Already 12 percent of the world‘s land is desert, and every year another 12 million hectares become useless for farming. As the following shows，desertification has many causes. The end result is that the soil becomes exposed and is easily eroded.16. Throughout the world，governments and aid agencies try to prevent desertification. There are no simple answers, but successful projects have helped people in poorer countries to help themselves. The schemes use knowledge and resources that are readily available to local communities. They include: planting trees and hedges to protect crops from grazing animals and wind erosion. In some areas，people have built lines of stones across slopes to prevent rainwater running away and to allow it to soak into the soil.Unit 4 Three Kinds of FatigueFatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, and relatives. You'd think in this era of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation that few people would have reason to be so tired. But probably more people complain of fatigue today than in the days when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard.The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excessive physical exertion. The relatively few people who do heavy labor all day long almost never complain aboutbeing tired, perhaps because they expect to be. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of under-exertion than of wearing yourself down with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity is often prescribed as a cure for lowering energy.Physical. This is the well-known result of overworking your muscles to the point where metabolic waste products—carbon dioxide and lactic acid —accumulate in our blood and reduce your strength. Your muscles can't continue to work efficiently in a bath of these chemicals. Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that which you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain. The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated wastes and restore muscle fuel.Pathological. Here fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder, perhaps the common cold or flu or something more serious like diabetes or cancer. Usually other symptoms besides fatigue are present that suggest the true cause.Even after an illness has passed, you're likely to feel dragged out for a week or more. Take your fatigue as a signal to go slow while your body has a chance to recover fully even if all you had was a cold. Pushing yourself to resume full activity too soon could lead to a relapse (旧病复发) and almost certainly will prolong our period of fatigue.Even though illness is not frequent cause of prolonged fatigue, it's very important that it not be overlooked. Therefore, anyone who feels drained of energy for weeks on end should have a thorough physical check-up. But even if nothing shows up as a result of the various medical tests, that doesn't mean there's nothing wrong with you.Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your body's safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. "Many people who are extremely fatigued don't even know they're depressed, " Dr. Bulette says. "They're so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they don't recognize their depression. ”There is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. Vitamins and tranquilizers are almost never the right answer, sleeping pills and alcohol are counterproductive, and caffeine is at best a temporary solution that can backfire with abuse and cause life-disrupting symptoms of anxiety. Instead, you might try: DietIf you eat a small breakfast or none at all, you're likely to experience mid-morning fatigue, the result of a drop in blood sugar, which your body and brain depend on for energy. For peak energy in the morning, be sure to eat a proper breakfast, low in sugar and fairly high in protein, which will provide a steady supply of blood sugar throughout the morning. Coffee and a doughnut are almost worse than nothing, providing a brief boost and then letting you down with a thud. ExerciseContrary to what you may think, exercise enhances, rather than saps, energy. Regular conditioning exercises, such as jogging, cycling, or swimming, help you to resist fatigue by increasing your body's ability to handle more of a work load. You get tired less quickly because your capability is greater.Exercise also has a well-recognized tranquilizing effect, which helps you work in a more relaxed fashion and be less dragged down by the tensions of your day. At the end of a day exercise can relieve accumulated tensions, give you more energy in the evening, and help you sleep more restfully.SleepIf you know you're tired because you haven't been getting enough sleep, the solution is simple: Get to bed earlier. There's no right amount of sleep for everyone, and generally sleep requirements decline with age. Find the amount that suits you best, and aim for it. Insomnia(失眠) and other sleep disorders should not be treated with sleeping pills, alcohol, or tranquilizers, which can actually make the problem worse.Know yourselfTry to schedule your most difficult jobs for the time of day when you're at your peak. Some are "morning people" who tire by mid-afternoon; others do their best work in the evening. Don't overextend yourself, trying to climb the ladder of success at a record pace or to meet everyone's demands or expectations. Decide what you want to do and what you can handle comfortably, and learn to say no to additional requests. Recognize your energy cycles and plan accordingly. Many women have a low point premenstrually, during which time extra sleep may be needed and demanding activities are particularly exhausting.Take breaksNo matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.Unit 5 Bringing Up ChildrenIt is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. “Upbringing” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually dis tinguished by the term “education”. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not onl y on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wild differences of innate intelligence andtemperament exist even in children of the same family.Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. For example, they will need specific suggestions for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions. In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are recognized to be problems of relationships within the individual family, the first necessity being a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude to their children.All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother give in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped. An example of this is the young child’s need to play with the mud and sand and water. A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible-for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and to wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to us a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building block toys and jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children. Somemay be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and th e values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.Unit 6 How Service Experience Affect Students1. Currently, higher education is confronting urgent calls to return to its original mission of developing a well-informed, critically thinking, and civically engaged citizenry.2. What exactly can higher education do to promote citizenship development among students, and at the same time address the myriad problems that continue to plague society?3 One answer may be found within the college or university curriculum, through the simple but extremely powerful pedagogical tool known as “service learning”. The basic idea behind service learning is to use a community or public service experience to enhance the meaning and impact of traditional course content. Connecting service directly with academic courses makes it quite different from” volunteer” work that is performed in the communi ty. service learning also involves more than simply sending a class of students into communities for additional course credit. Properly designed service learning courses relate the community service experience to the course material and require that students reflect on their experiences through writings, discussions or class presentations. Service learning not only enriches traditional course content by giving the student an opportunity to “test” or” demonstrate” abstract theory in the real world, It also improves the quality of the service being performed by giving it an intellectual underpinning.4 Service learning may be implemented in any number of academic fields. For example, students enrolled in a psychology class could conduct counseling, mentoring, or drug education for at-risk school children. We have also examined the relationship between the service experience and 35 college outcomes in the following areas: civic responsibility, academic attainment, and life skills. The most remarkable result of the study was that all 35 student outcome measures were favorably influenced by service participation.Civic responsibility5 The effects of service are the strongest in the area of civic responsibility. For example, students are asked to indicate how muc h their “commitment to serving the community” had changed since entering college. More than twice as many service participants as non-participants (60 percent versus 28 percent) reported on the follow-up questionnaire that their commitment to serving the c ommunity was either “stronger” or “much stronger” than their commitment had been when they were freshmen. Equally impressive are the results on students’ plans for the near future: more than four times as many service participants as non-participants (39 percent versus 9 percent) indicated that they planned to do volunteer work in the coming fall. Further, during college,student participants were much more likely than non-participants to strengthen their commitment to the following life goals: promoting racial understanding, participating in community action programs, and influencing social values.Academic development6 Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection to volunteer participation during the under-graduate years is that it consumes time and energy that the student might otherwise devote to “academic” pursuits. This argument has been laid to rest by the results of our longitudinal analyses, which reveal significant positive effects on all ten academic outcomes included in the study. while the analyses reveal that the net benefit attributable to service participation is quite small in the case of a student’s grade average—about I grade point---the fact remains that the effect is indeed positive and statistically significant. Among students who had at least a B average in high school, 69 percent of the service participants(compared to 56 percent of the non-participants) were able to maintain at least a B average in collage. Among those who entered college with a B or lower average, 27 percent of the service participants(compare to 19 percent of the non-participants)were able to improve ti at least a B average in college.7 Service participants also are significantly more likely than non-participants to report “stronger” or “much stronger” changes durin g college in general knowledge of a field or discipline, and preparation for graduate or professional school. Participants are more likely than non-participant to report that they did extra work for courses. Finally , although both groups show a net decline between pre-text and post-text in their aspirations for doctoral or advanced professional degrees, the decline is significantly greater among non-participants.8. In the area of life skills, service participants show greater positive change than do non-participants in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed, with the largest differences occurring in understanding community problems, knowledge of different races/cultures,acceptance of different races/cultures, and interpersonal skills. Other significant differences that favor service participants include understanding the nation’s social problems, the ability to work cooperatively, skills in conflict resolution, and the ability to think critically.9 The“real world”value of service participation further re veals itself in the positive effects observed in three areas of student satisfaction: leadership opportunities, relevance of coursework to everyday life, and preparation for future career. Finally, during college, service participants exhibit greater increases in social self-confidence and leadership ability than do non-participants. As a matter of fact, while service participants show increases during college in their self-rated leadership abilities, non-participants actually show slight decreases in theirs.Unit 7 Supporting Science1. The twilight of the 20th century is an age of enormous technological change. Every day brings new examples of advances in computing, communications, and biotechnology that change the way we live, and the way we look at the world. Economically speaking, technology companies founded in just the last 30 years have created an aggregate capital value of close to a trillion dollars, making technology a major engine driving the U. S. economy.2. Given this tremendous success, one might expect that basic science would receive commensurate support. Sadly, this is not the case, and indeed almost the opposite seems to be occurring. Basic research within industry is no longer fashionable-- the great corporate labs of thepast few decades have been subject to cuts in funding and corporate breakups. Those that remain are often downsized, or have turned away from the challenge of profound discovery and toward immediate application. This trend does not come only from the boardroom --some science writers go even farther and pronounce basic science dead altogether, an observation given intellectual backing by researchers, who document the decline of unfettered research.3. Investing time and money into applied research and product development is important, and the challenge of reducing knowledge to practical applications in the form of a product is an intellectually satisfying pursuit and an obvious necessity to industry. I could hardly think otherwise, because I spend a fair amount of my own time in applied research. But technological progress cannot continue without the input of basic research and the conceptual breakthroughs it makes possible. In order to reduce knowledge to practice, one must have the knowledge in the first place. Science is the raw material that applied research and engineering refine into their products.4. While older companies cut back on research, younger companies, born of the current technological revolution, simply ignore it. Apart from a handful of exceptions, the new technological companies in the Silicon Valley mold do not invest in long-range research. Start-up companies cannot afford it, and those well past the start-up stage may have the resources, but are not inclined to use them for basic research. An ironic example is the personal computer revolution, which was based on research done in industrial labs, notably the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Despite this undeniable origin, personal computer companies have not sought to renew the source of their success. Indeed, it is widely accepted in business circles that labs like Xerox PARC are a mistake because Xerox failed to capitalize on its invention of the personal computer. Xerox researchers invented the laser printer at PARC during the same time period, and the profits from laser printing and other inventions that they did capitalize on have more than repaid their investment in research. Despite this, the Xerox story has given the foes of research a ready rationalization for not funding science.5. At the government level science has not been recognized as the wellspring of the technology miracle, and as a consequence support is cut, or worse, is subjected to a protracted dissection and review to see if it is "relevant" to short-term economic goals. This puts government funding bodies in the awkward position of second-guessing both the research and the marketplace. Defense-related funds have traditionally supported a wide range of long-term research. For example, the Internet, surely one of the most dynamic business and social developments of the decade, sprung from ARPANET, a network supported for a quarter century by defense funding before it blossomed into the Internet as we know it today. A less patient source might have cut the support; where would the Net be today if they had? With the end of the Cold War these defense-related funds have dropped dramatically in many fields, peace has not been good for science.6. Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking. Like any exploratory process, it is not possible to predict what one will find or what its eventual utility might be. That is the whole point of research -- investigating what we do not know. In other walks of life we have come to grips with the notion of stochastic phenomena that are not individually predictable, but can be tackled as a group. Mutual fund managers do not expect every investment to have the same return, nor do actuaries expect every person to live precisely to the life expectancy. The whole point of a mutual fund or an insurance company, is to create a portfolio of unpredictable entities that in the aggregate yield to statistical prediction. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of research projects,。
(完整word版)《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A》课文
《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A》课文Unit 3 Ocean of SandFrom The Guardian1. There is more deserts than sun and sand。
On these two pages you can find out how plants，animals and people manage to survive in these apparently barren places。
2. All deserts are dry。
The hot，sandy places we think of when we talk about deserts are subtropical deserts。
They are found near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn where the warm air which rises at the Equator sinks down again, giving a climate of clear skies and very low rainfall. The Sahara is almost one-third the size of Africa, and is nearly as big as the U. S. A. , the fourth largest country. It was not always a desert. Over millions of years it has been convered in ice, sea，forests and grasslands.3. Desert winds are usually dry. Some deserts are in “rain shadow” areas where the winds have lost what moisture they had crossing high ground。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A unit 3
Oceans of Sand
World Deserts
Background Information
纬度 经度
Saguaro
Adaptations to A Desert Biome
生物 群系
Desert Ecology
Questions
1. What are the main characteristics of the desert? 2. where are the deserts located? 3. Why are the deserts hot during the day and cold at night? 4. How do plants survive in a hot desert? 5. The desert animals can survive, and why? 6. How do people survive in deserts? 7. what is probably the main cause of desertification? 8. What measures are taken by people to prevent the moving of deserts?
censure; refute; laughable or hilarious because of obvious absurdity or incongruity; have one’s home; bravely.
Vocabulary Quiz
supplant; antagonism; belonging to or part of the real nature of sth./sb.; a first public appearance; lasting for only a short time.
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A_unit_3
Desert Landscapes
• Paragraph 4 • Living in a desert climate (在沙漠气候条件下如何生存） around the theme sentence(the first sentence),Introduced from two aspects of temperature and precipitation in the desert life is very difficult.
Paragraph 2-3(about the desert)
Introduce the characteristics of the desert Words:subtropical、the Tropic of Cancer、 the Tropic of Capricorn、Equator、 shadow、moisture、continents、 blowing、inland、whip up、fierce、 sandblast、paint off、temperature、 freezing
Words:unpredictable、drought、 tremendous、bare、pebble、gravel、 sprout、bloom、carpets
• Paragraph5-7 • How plants survive（植物是怎样生存的） Paragraph 5：seeds of dead plants----waiting for the next rain Words:dandelion Paragraph 6: storing water Words:harsh、saguaro、cactus、extract、 mesquite
Paragraph 7:prevent lose water Words:pore、waxy、grazing animals、thorn、 cacti、spine、stem
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1 Unit 1 ....................................................................................................................................................1 Unite2 ...................................................................................................................................................3 Unite4 ...................................................................................................................................................5 Unite5 ...................................................................................................................................................6 Unite6 ...................................................................................................................................................9 Unite 7 ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Unite 10 ..................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。
Unit 1
A Young Boy’s Ambition Ⅳ. Translation l. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3. Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. 1. 他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 2. 一架波音747飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 3. 学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。 4. 当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 5. 每年夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 6. 他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于那把的新奇食物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。
Ⅵ. Key to Supplementary Readings A l. A 2.B 3. C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8. C B l.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B
一个小男孩的梦想 马克 吐温 2
1 我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个水恒的志愿。那就是当轮船上的水手．我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的、马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小又 第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活。我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上。品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。 2一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。在这些大事出现之前；这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂；这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了．不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样、如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在C中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打响街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有；水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来 靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下这着脸；打着瞌睡——他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了；一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子；两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲置着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在 这木堆近旁酣睡着Z 码头上端有两三只平底木船；可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河；让它那一荚里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林Z 村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线。把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来 了！”于是情况就变了！镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了；随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每厂人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。 3 运货马车和大车，男子汉和孩子，都从四面A方连忙赶到一个大家聚集的中0地点——码头上去、大家在那里集合之后，就把眼睛盯住那条开来的船，好像是注视他们第一次都v的一个稀奇东西一般。那条船也的确是相当美观。它又长又尖，收拾得又整洁、又漂亮。船上有两个高高的烟囱；顶上有些别致的花样——两个烟囱之间挂着一个金色的东西；还有一间别致的驾驶室；全是玻璃的，外表挺好看，其实并不值钱；驾凌后面的上层甲板之上；明轮罩也华丽非凡，那上面绘着图画，还在船名之上绘了一些金色的光带；锅炉甲板、顶层甲板和上层甲板周围都配置着干净的白栏杆；船头旗杆上神奇十足地飘着一面旗子；上炉的门是开着的；里面的火放射出熊熊的光来；上面的两层甲板黑压压地挤满了乘客；船长站在大钟旁边，神态镇静，挺有气派，他是大家羡慕的人物；大股大股的极黑的浓烟从烟囱里滚滚升腾起来——这是快到村镇之前，在火炉里添了一点多脂，特意造成的一种所费无几的威严气派；全体水手聚集在船头甲板上；宽阔的踏板在船头的舱门上面伸出船边很远，有一个令人羡慕的水手神气十足地站在它的尽头，手里拿着一卷绳子；憋住的蒸汽从活嘴里迸出尖叫的声音；船长举起手来。一口钟发出响声，机轮就停住了；然后机轮又向后转动，搅得河水冒出许多泡沫，于是轮船就不动了。接着是乱得一团糟，大家争先恐后，有的抢着上船，有的抢着上岸，有的要上货，有的要卸货，都在这同一时刻里抢着干。大副们为了催大家赶快，拼命地嚷。拼命地骂，那一阵叫骂声真是凶得要命！十分钟之后，轮船又开走了，船头旗杆上再也没有旗子；烟囱里再也不冒黑烟了。再过10分钟，这个小镇上又是死气沉沉；镇上那个醉汉又回到那堆垫木旁边去睡着了。 4 我父亲是个治安法官，我以为他对一切的人都操着生杀之权，无论谁得罪了他；他都可以处以绞刑。一般来说，这么大的威风原是足以使我满意的；然而想到轮船上当水手的愿望却是仍旧不断地闯进我脑子里来、起初我想当一个船舱里的茶房，为的是能够系着白色的腰围出来；在船边上抖一抖餐桌布，好让我所有的老玩伴们看得见 后来我又想到，还不如做那个手里拿着一卷绳子、站在踏板尽头的十手，因为他是特别惹人注目的。但是这些念头都只是白日梦而已——要想把它们当成真有可能的事情来作打算，那却未免太高不可攀了、过了不久，我们那些孩子当中有一个跑掉了。他走了很久还没有消息。后来他终于以一艘轮船上的见习机区或是“锤手”的身份突然出现＼这件事情全盘推翻了我所受的主日学校的一切的教训、那孩子向来是个有名的俗气鬼，而我却恰恰相反；结果他居然高升到这种大出风头的地位，而我却无声无息，处境很惨．这家伙出头之后，气量一点也不大。他那艘轮船停靠在我们镇上的时候，他老是要故意找个锈了的铁村来擦，而且他老是坐在靠岸的这边栏杆上面干；叫我们大家都能看