必修一第三单元复习案答案

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高中生物(新人教版)选择性必修一同步习题:第三章复习提升(同步习题)【含答案及解析】

高中生物(新人教版)选择性必修一同步习题:第三章复习提升(同步习题)【含答案及解析】

本章复习提升易混易错练易错点1不能正确区分激素、神经递质和酶1.()下列关于动物机体神经递质和激素的叙述,错误的是(易错)A.神经递质和激素均只作用一次B.有些神经细胞可以分泌激素C.神经细胞释放的乙酰胆碱需经血液运输发挥作用D.内分泌腺分泌的激素可通过血液运输作用于靶细胞2.()关于人体激素的叙述,错误的是()A.激素在人体内作为信息物质发挥作用B.激素在人体内含量较低,但有高效的生物催化作用C.甲状腺激素除了促进细胞代谢外,还有其他生理效应D.正常人体内,甲状腺激素的分泌存在反馈调节易错点2不能正确辨析各种激素的生理功能3.(2020河北张家口高二上期中,)某人头部受伤导致垂体细胞大量损伤,该病人可能出现的病症及解释错误的是()A.甲状腺功能减退,原因是垂体分泌的促甲状腺激素减少B.出现多尿现象,原因是垂体后叶抗利尿激素释放不足C.血糖调节出现障碍,原因是病人的血糖调节机制不完善D.第二性征表现异常,原因是垂体会影响性腺的分泌活动4.()出现持续性糖尿的原因可能是()①一次性摄入的糖过多②胰岛A细胞受损,分泌的激素过少③胰岛B细胞受损,分泌激素过少④肾小球病变,通透性增强⑤肾小管病变,重吸收功能下降A.①或②B.②或④C.③或⑤D.①或⑤易错点3不能正确区分激素间的拮抗作用和协同作用5.(2020湖南师大附中高二上期中,)如图表示正常人体部分生命活动的调节。

下列有关叙述错误的是()A.当人体缺水时,②产生渴觉B.图中共有3种激素的本质不是蛋白质或多肽C.血糖调节、体温调节和水盐平衡调节都与①有关D.血糖低于正常值时,④和⑥可起协同作用,促进肝糖原分解易错点4区分不清激素分泌的分级调节和反馈调节6.(2020湖南长沙一中、师大附中高二上期末联考,)高等动物性腺分泌活动的调节机制与甲状腺分泌的调节机制相类似,其过程如下图所示,图中①②③代表有关激素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ代表相关生理作用过程。

下列说法不正确的是()A.分析图示可知,激素③的分泌存在分级调节B.激素③一经靶细胞接受起作用后就被灭活C.卵巢产生的雌激素能促进雌性动物卵细胞的生成和排卵,在生产实践中,为促进雌性动物多排卵,通常直接使用雌激素D.激素③存在着反馈调节机制易错点5不能理清神经调节与体液调节的联系7.()人体正常生命活动中离不开神经调节和体液调节,下面说法正确的是()A.神经调节和体液调节的结构基础和作用方式都不一样,所以只有体液调节存在分级调节B.在炎热环境中,机体通过体液调节增加排尿量是促进散热的重要途径C.激素的作用与神经系统的作用密切相关,神经系统的某些结构也能释放激素D.在血糖平衡调节中,胰岛素水平升高,可加速糖原合成,说明激素具有酶的催化活性易错点6不能明确人体生理活动和体液调节的关系8.()滑雪是冬奥会的重要比赛项目,下列表述正确的是()A.运动前皮肤冷觉感受器兴奋,皮肤中的血管舒张,减少散热B.运动开始时下丘脑体温调节中枢兴奋,在此产生冷觉C.运动中甲状腺激素分泌增加,细胞代谢加快,增加产热D.运动后胰岛B细胞大量分泌胰岛素,血糖含量急剧下降答案全解全析易混易错练1.C2.B3.C4.C5.D6.C7.C8.C1.C神经递质发挥作用后被降解或回收,激素发挥作用后失活,它们都只作用一次,可避免活动的持续,A正确;有些神经细胞可以分泌激素,如下丘脑的一些神经细胞能分泌抗利尿激素,B 正确;神经细胞释放的乙酰胆碱属于神经递质,通过突触间隙(组织液)作用于突触后膜,不需要经过血液运输发挥作用,C错误;由内分泌腺分泌的激素进入血液,通过血液运输作用于靶细胞,D正确。

2019年人教版高一化学必修一第三章金属及化合物复习专题——钠及化合物(有答案)

2019年人教版高一化学必修一第三章金属及化合物复习专题——钠及化合物(有答案)

钠及其化合物学习目标:1.了解金属钠的保存方法。

2.掌握钠单质的物理性质和化学性质。

3.掌握钠的化合物的性质并了解焰色反应。

知识研读一、钠的性质1.钠的物理性质钠是一种银白色金属、质软、有金属光泽的固体,熔沸点低(97.7℃),密度比水小但比煤油大。

钠有良好的导热性、导电性,可作为核反应堆的导热剂。

2.钠的化学性质结构决定性质,钠元素是一种非常活泼的金属元素,它的原子结构示意图如右图所示。

钠原子极易失去最外层的1个电子,变成8电子的稳定结构。

所以金属钠表现出非常强的还原性,因此在自然界中通常以化合态的形式存在。

(1)钠与O2反应常温下,新切开的金属钠表面的银白色金属光泽迅速变暗,因为钠和氧气发生缓慢氧化反应,生成白色的氧化钠。

4Na + O2=2Na2O加热条件下,钠跟氧气剧烈反应,金属钠先熔化后剧烈燃烧,发出黄色火焰,生成淡黄色固体——过氧化钠(Na2O2)。

2Na + O2△Na2O2+11 2 8 1(2)钠与H2O反应在烧杯中加一些水,滴入几滴酚酞溶液,然后用镊子把钠从煤油中取出来,并用滤纸将表面的煤油吸干,用小刀切绿豆大小的金属钠投入到水中,在烧杯口盖上玻璃片,观察实验现象。

实验现象:钠浮在水面上(钠的密度比水小),迅速熔化成一个光亮的小球(该反应放热,钠的熔点低),并在水面上四处游动、发出嘶嘶的响声(生成了气体),加入酚酞溶液后,溶液变为红色(生成了碱性物质)。

化学方程式:2 Na + 2 H2O =2 NaOH + H2↑离子方程式:2 Na + 2 H2O =2 Na+ + 2 OH-+ H2↑思考:试解析上述现象答案:(3)钠的保存少量金属钠可保存在煤油中,大量的金属钠则用蜡密封保存在铁筒中。

【例1】下列关于钠的性质叙述中,不.正确的是()A.切下一小块钠,投入水中,钠熔成小球,说明钠与水反应有热量放出B.从钠能与水反应可推知钠也能与盐酸反应C.钠在空气中燃烧生成氧化钠D.切开一块钠,呈银白色,很快变暗,说明钠常温下能与氧气反应【答案】C现象解释钠浮在水面上钠熔成小球钠在水面上四处游动发出嘶嘶的响声溶液变红【解析】钠在空气中燃烧时发生反应:2Na +O 2=====点燃Na 2O 2,故C 选项错误。

必修一第三单元复习案一

必修一第三单元复习案一

必修一第三单元复习案一班级小组姓名编制教师余春燕1、下列词语中错别字最少的一项是( )A.陨身不恤风神潇洒炯乎不同炉火纯清B.涕泗交流绽露头脚左顾右盼步履稳健C.黯然神伤雷励风行酣畅淋漓不能自已D.默默含情鸦鹊无声佳作迭出短小精悍2、下列句子中加点的词语,使用恰当的一项是 ( )A.在大型公共建筑的发展过程中,国外设计师和设计作品纷至沓来,但设计理念泥沙俱...下.,鱼目混珠,其败笔让老百姓微词颇多。

B.房地产市场发展迅猛,有人便说房价会涨;政府调控政策要出台,有人便说房价会跌。

随着市场的波动,两种说法此消彼长,人们莫衷一是....。

C.山东泰安市泰山公安分局的两名民警和一名协警在与持枪暴徒斗争中,壮烈牺牲,人们从中看到了危难时刻殒身不恤....的公安精神。

D.最新好莱坞大片创造了岁未票房新高。

在影片中演员的搞笑表演真是无所不用其极......,赢得了观众的掌声。

3、下列句子中没有错别字的一项是 ( )A.真的猛士,敢于直面残淡的人生,敢于正视淋漓的鲜血。

B.部分省份的小学语文教材篡改巴金名作《鸟的天堂》,对此,我们深表遗撼。

C.有学问,有文彩,有热心肠的学者,求之当世能有几人?D.写文章,演讲,淡事情,尽量做到言简意赅,做到有针对性,该说则说,不该说则不说,小要把什么都和盘托出。

4、下列各句中没有语病且句意明确的一句是( )A.如何更好地传承民族文化?有学者提议,应倡导全民重温中华经典,对弘扬民族文化更具积极意义。

B.来自全国各地的捐款已经达到20万元,这笔善款将全部用于这个孩子的生理以及心理康复的治疗费用。

C.天津市“五大道首届文化创意节”日前开幕,主办方推出的新颖、独特的系列活动,受到市民和四方游客的热捧。

D.工作压力、环境污染、睡眠不足、缺乏运动等因素都会影响到人的身心健康,不健康的生活习惯、饮食习惯同样不容忽视。

5、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,最恰当的一组是( )内心里拥有善,________,________,________。

《优化设计》2022届高考生物一轮复习 必修一 第三单元 细胞的能量供应和利用 课后训练1-3-8

《优化设计》2022届高考生物一轮复习 必修一 第三单元 细胞的能量供应和利用 课后训练1-3-8

第三单元 细胞的能量供应和利用基础课时案8 酶的本质及特性小题对点练考点一 酶的本质作用及特性1.下列关于酶催化特性的叙述,正确的是 ( )A .低温降低分子运动速度,抑制酶的活性B .高温激发酶的活性,提高酶促反应速率C .增大底物的浓度,酶促反应速率可以持续上升D .增加酶的物质量,酶促反应的产物量随之增加解析 低温降低分子运动速度,从而抑制酶的活性,A 正确;温度过高使酶失活,可降低酶促反应速率;增大底物的浓度,酶促反应速率还受酶浓度等的影响;酶只能转变化学反应速率,而不转变化学反应方向和平衡点。

答案 A2.(2022·广东广州二模,3)如图表示物质S 在酶E 的催化下水解成P 的反应图解,下列叙述正确的是 ( )S +H 2O ――→酶E2PA .酶E 可为该反应供应活化能B .酶E 水解的产物是H 2O 、CO 2等物质C .若S 是麦芽糖,则可用斐林试剂来检测P 的生成状况D .若S 代表二肽,则E 、P 可分别代表肽酶、氨基酸解析 酶的催化作用机理是降低反应活化能,A 项错误;绝大多数酶是蛋白质,水解产物是氨基酸,氧化分解产物是H 2O 、CO 2等物质,B 项错误;麦芽糖也是还原糖,与其水解产物葡萄糖一样,可与斐林试剂共热产生砖红色沉淀,C 错误。

答案 D3.(2022·安徽联考)下列有关酶的叙述,正确的是 ( )A .合成ATP 与分解ATP 的酶相同B .酶只能在细胞内起催化作用C .高温存低温都会使酶永久失活D .酶在低温时空间结构保持稳定解析 合成ATP 与分解ATP 的酶是不同的;酶既能在细胞内起催化作用,也能在细胞外、体外起催化作用;低温可使酶活性降低,但不会破坏其分子结构,所以不会永久失活,其空间结构也可以保持稳定。

答案 D4.如图表示“比较过氧化氢在不同条件下的分解试验”。

下列相关分析合理的 ( )A .本试验的因变量是不同的催化剂B .本试验的无关变量有温度和酶的用量等C .1号与3号、1号与4号可分别构成对比试验D .分析1号、2号试管的试验结果可知加热能降低反应的活化能解析 本试验的因变量是气泡的产生速率,即过氧化氢的分解速率,A 项错误。

必修一Unit3全套预习和随堂练习及重难点讲解(含答案)

必修一Unit3全套预习和随堂练习及重难点讲解(含答案)

2.词形变化: 1. P ersuade v.——2. tra nsport v.3. determi ne. v.4. braveadj. _5. ____________ d ream v. ________6. ____________ g n. n. n. n.1. 3. 5. 7. 下定决心 梦想做某事 很有乐趣 像平常一样 自那以来- 9. 11.投降,屈服,让步 13在午夜 _________ n. n. n. ________ a dj. ________ adj. _________ a dj.—adv. ______________ v. .adj.(无梦的,不做梦的) adj.—adj.2.关心,在乎__ 4.说服某人做某事 6.改变主意 _ 8.搭起,建立 _10.喜爱,喜欢_ 12.照常 _________ 14.坚持做某事必修一 .Unit 3: Journal Travel基础知能回扣一.核心词汇 1.重点词汇四.课文完形: 下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩, 仔细阅读,根据原文的内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。

Wang Kun and Wang Wei took a great trip after they ________ from college. Their idea is to ________ along Mekong River from where it begi ns to where it ______ .Before their trip, Wang Kun and Wang Wei went to the library to find a large ______ with good maps. With the help of the maps, they knew someth ing ________ about The Mekong River. They found theof the river and bega n their journey there. Though their journey would beg in at an of morethan 5000 metres they were about it and it would be an in teresti ng .五.单词拼写:根据首字母或中文提示或根据句意,给出适当的单词1. The doctor reads the J ___________ (杂志)of Medical Scienee.2. I am d ______________ (决心)to do better than Mike.3. You aren't wearing p __________ (合适的)clothes for this hot weather.4. We all i ____________ (坚持)that we not rest until we finish the work.5. He won ‘ t follow your advice. He is s _________ .6. First he always said no to the plan, but f ______ he had to give in.7. This is not a new word. We are quite f ________ with it.8. The doctor kee ps a r _________ of all the serious ill nesses in the village. 9. He is afraid of nothing because he is very ______ . 10. He tried to ______ me to give it up, but I would n11. Whe n I was a child, I d ________ of beco ming a scie ntist.12. Give me all the d _________ of the accide nt — tell me what really happened. 13. Jim likes many subjects, but his best is _______ (地理).14. The one-way ____________ (费用)to get to Vientiane by plane is $380 .15.迫不急待地干某事 ______________________三.重点句式.根据课文完成下列句子并翻译成中文。

秦皇岛市高中化学必修一第三章《铁金属材料》复习题(含答案)(1)

秦皇岛市高中化学必修一第三章《铁金属材料》复习题(含答案)(1)

一、选择题1.某同学通过系列实验探究Fe及其化合物的性质,操作正确且能达到目的的是A.将0.1 mol/L的FeCl3溶液与0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液等体积混合制备Fe(OH)3胶体B.将FeSO4溶液缓慢滴入足量NaOH溶液,过滤、洗涤、干燥获得纯净的Fe(OH)2固体C.铁粉中混有铝粉,加入过量NaOH溶液充分反应后过滤D.可用带火星的木条检验铁与水蒸气反应后的气体产物,木条复燃2.铝具有较强的抗腐蚀性能,主要是因为A.与氧气在加热时才反应B.铝性质不活泼,不与任何物质反应C.铝表面能形成一层氧化膜,氧化膜对其起保护作用D.铝和酸不反应3.只用一种试剂,可区别Na2CO3、AlCl3、NH4NO3、MgSO4四种溶液,这种试剂是A.HCl B.BaCl2C.NaOH D.AgNO34.将2.32gFe3O4溶解在过量热的稀硫酸中,当加入25mL0.1mol·L-1NaNO3溶液后,恰好能使其中的Fe2+全部转化为Fe3+,NaNO3溶液也反应完全,并有N x O y气体逸出,则该N x O y 是A.N2O B.NO C.N2O3D.NO25.化学与生活密切相关。

下列叙述错误的是A.十二水合硫酸铝钾可用作净水剂B.二氧化硫可用于杀菌消毒,还可用作食品添加剂C.碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠均能与酸反应,都可用作膨松剂D.补铁口服液中除含铁化合物外常添加维生素C作抗氧化剂6.下列叙述不正确的是A.NaHCO3、Fe(OH)3、FeCl2均可通过化合反应生成B.电解、电离、电镀均需要通电才可进行C.CO2、N2O5、SO2均为酸性氧化物D.从铝土矿中获得氧化铝,电解熔融的氧化铝得到铝7.化学与生活密切相关,判断下列说法正确的是A.氧化铝虽然硬度不高,但熔点和沸点都很高,常用作耐火材料B.Al能在空气中稳定存在,是因为表面有一层致密的氢氧化铝C.铝元素占地壳总量的7.73%,是地壳中含量最多的元素D.由于铝在人体内累积是有害的,所以目前用于净化饮用水的含铝净化剂逐渐被含铁的净水剂取代8.用N A代表阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是A.0.5mol Mg与足量盐酸反应生成的H2分子数为N AB.18g H2O中所含的H原子数为N AC.0.1molOH-所含的电子数为N AD.46g NO2和N2O4的混合物含有的分子数为N A9.在一定条件下,使CO和O2的混合气体60g充分反应,所得混合物在常温下跟足量的Na2O2固体反应,结果固体增重28g,则原混合气体中O2和CO的质量比可能是A.9:7B.1:1C.7:9D.8:710.聚合氯化铝铁[AlFe(OH)n Cl6-n]m用于生活给水及工业给水的净化处理。

2019届高三人教版英语一轮复习练习案必修一 Unit 3 Word版含答案

必修一Unit 3[基础回顾]Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516021)1.Thanks to your encouragement,I made continuous progress in math,and finally made up my mind to study (study) it in the university.2.I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours,for some problems are hard to settle (settle).3.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.4.As scheduled(schedule),the performance is due to start at 19 o'clock and end at 21 o'clock on September 20.5.My father promised to take me to Beijing this summer vacation.I can't wait to go(go) there now.6.Tall buildings have been put up,including classrooms and laboratory buildings,and a library.7.Look,the plane full of food and clothes is taking(take) off soon to help the victims in the earthquake.8.I met some old school friends on the anniversary of our graduation(graduate).9.The workers refused to give in to the manager's demands for working on weekends.10.Those activities were organized(organize) by our school,which really provided us with much pleasure.Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516022)1.The scientist prefers going to work on foot every day to drive his car.drive→driving2.In my view,the new flat is very comfortable to live.live后加in3.It was Mrs.Li that made me changed my mind and begin to study hard,which I really appreciate.changed→change4.While he was rescuing survivors in the ruins,little did he care for his safety,though he was in great danger.for→about5.Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to being underlined before class.being→beⅢ.佳句写作(导学号02516023)1.依我之见,这个计划很难实施。

高中物理选择性必修一第三章机械波复习与提高B组习题答案

高中物理选择性必修一第三章机械波章末复习与提高练习题B组试题及答案1.如图甲,两列沿相反方向传播的横波,形状相当于正弦曲线的一半,上下对称,其振幅和波长都相等。

它们在相遇的某一时刻会出现两列波“消失”的现象,如图乙。

请判断:从此时刻开始a、b两质点将向哪个方向运动?解析:机械波的传播是波形的传播,当图乙状态时下一个时刻,波峰向右侧传播,波谷向左侧传播,所以a点的位移为负,振动方向向下,b点的位移为正,振动方向向上。

2.振源A从0时刻开始带动细绳上各点上下做简谐运动,振幅为0.2m。

0.4s时绳上形成的波形如图所示。

规定向上为质点振动位移的正方向,试画出A点的振动图像。

解析:由图示时刻我们可以看出,此时A点的位移方向由平衡位置向下运动,所以其振动图像为右图所示。

3.图中的a 是一列正弦波在某时刻的波形曲线,b 是0.2s 后它的波形曲线。

试求这列波可能的传播速度。

解析:由图可知,波的波长λ=4m 。

若向右传播我们可以看出传播了(n+41)λ,n=1,2,3... 则速度v 1=(n+14)λt=20(n+41)m/s ,n=1,2,3...同理如果向左传播,则传播了(n+43)λ代入速度公式可解得v 2=20(n+43)m/s ,n=1,2,3...4.如图所示,S 点是波源,其振动频率为100Hz ,所产生的简谐横波向右侧传播,波速为80m/s ,P 、Q 是波传播方向上的两个质点,已知SP=4.2m ,SQ=5.4m 。

(1)在某一时刻t ,当S 点通过平衡位置向上运动时,P 点和Q 点是处于波峰,还是处于波谷,或者处于平衡位置?(2)取时刻t 为时间的起点,分别作出S 、P 、Q 三点的振动图象。

解析:(1)由v=λf 得,波长:λ=v/f=80/100m=0.8m ,(2)三点振动周期为T=1/f=0.01s,S、Q、P三点的振动图象如下图所示。

5.在学校运动场上50m直跑道的两端,分别安装了由同一信号发生器带动的两个相同的扬声器.两个扬声器连续发出波长为5m的声波.一同学从该跑道的中点出发,向某一端点缓慢行进10m.在此过程中,他听到的扬声器声音由强变弱的次数。

(完整版)英语1必修unit3练习及参考答案

Comprehending1 Read the passage carfully and an swer the follow ing questi ons.1 What was Wang Kun and Wang Wes idea of a good trip?Their idea was to take a long bike trip.2 Who pla nned the trip to the Meko ng?Wang Wei pla nned the trip.3 Where is the source of the Mekong and which sea does it enter?The source of the river is in Qin hai Province and it en ters the South Chi na Sea.4 What can you see whe n you travel along the Mekong?You can see the source glacier, rapids, hills, valleys, waterfalls and plains.5 What difficulties did Wang Kun and Wang Wei find about their journ ey? The journey will begi n at an altitude of more tha n 5,000 metres, where itis hard to breathe and very cold.6 What do you thi nk about Wang Kun and Wang Wei?Wang Kun 'character: en thusiastic, critical, sen sibleWang Wei'character: imagi native, orga ni zed, eager, persiste nt, stubbor n, risk-tak ing2 Look at the followi ng sen ten ces from the text and explai n them in your own words.1 She gave me a determined look -the kind that said that she would not cha nge her mind.She gave me a determined look … This sentence means that she has decided to do someth ing and will not cha nge her ideas.2 …my sister does not care about details.…details are not important to my sister. This means that she concentrates on the broad outline of the trip but not the particulars: where they will stay, what they will take with them, etc.3 It makes wide bends or meandersthrough low valleys to the plains where rice grows.A mean der is a geographical term to describe the sn akelike bends that a river makes as it slows down to flow through valleys to the plains. The sentence means that the Mekong River flows slowly and gen tly through the valleys and reaches the farming plains.3 An attitude is what a person thinks about something. Write down Wang Wei'a nd Wang Kuns attitude to the trip. Then add your own opinion.Wang Wei 'attitude Positive to the trip. She wants to organise it as it was heridea.Wang Kun ' attitude Less positive to the trip as he wants to organise it and thinkshe can do that better than his sister.My attitude It sounds like a won derful trip and I would love to be able todo a trip like that myself one day.4 Work in pairs. Imagi ne that you are Wang Kun and Wang Wei. Choose a paragraph from the passage and use the information to help you make up a dialogue.WANG WEI: You know, w6ve always wan ted to do a long bike trip. Why don 'we go on one after we graduate form college?WANG KUN: That s a good idea. ...meaning.EXAMPLE: We were both surprised to learn that half the river is in Chi na. —Not only my sister, but also I was surprised ot learn that.We were bothsurprised to learn that half the river is in Chi na.—(mea ns we dich'k now this)We were both surprised to learn thahalf the river is in China. —(means we thought that may be more than half was in China)We were both surprised to learn that half the river is inChina.—(mea ns that we didntk now that half the river is in China)Learning about languageDiscover ing useful words and expressi ons1 Fi nd the correct words or expressi ons from the text for each sen ten ce.1 He is so stubbor n that no one capersuadehim to do any thi ng.2 A determ ined pers on always tries to fin ish the job, no matter how hard it is.3 My grandpa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river.4 Liu Xiaodi ng is a good teacher an dcares abouthis stude nts very much.5 I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.6 The con cert went like clockwork becauseLi Pei had orga ni zed it so well.7 I wan ted to pay the trai nfare, but my friend in sisted. Fi nally I gave in.8 She persuaded all of us tocycle to work in stead of taki ng the bus.2 Choose the correct words or phrases to complete the senten ces.1 As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.(give in / give up)2 I liked the first flat we saw better because it was larger. (like ... better / prefer ... to)3 The task was difficult, but Hele n ' determ in edexpressi on let me know that she would not give up. (stubbor n / determ in ed)4 The list of gifts was very long, and we don 'know why, but the most important item, the golden cup, was forgotten. (detail / item)5 How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close!” cried Sarah. (journey / travel)6 When he returned from his successful climb of Mount Qomolongma, An drew fini shed his travel jour nal and gave it to the n ewspaper. (jour nal / diary)7 She had only one shortco ming: she was very stubbor n. (disadva ntage / shortco ming)8 The very first time that Joe saw the film ET” directed by Steven Spielberg, he made up his mi nd to become a director too.(make up one'mind / cha nge onWsmind)3 Complete this passage with some of the followi ng words.rapids glacier mountain delta plain valley waterfall bankI really enjoyed my school field trip in geography two mon ths ago. We saw so many beautiful things: a glacier that flowed like a river of ice through a valley that cut the mountains into two parts. We also discovered a river that was falling off the mountain and became a wonderful waterfall. This was even more exciting to see than the rapids where the water seemed to boil. Later we followed the river to a quieter plain and fin ally into a delta and the sea.Discoveri ng useful structures1 Look at the questions in the Warming up again. They are in the present continuous tense but they express future actions. Can you find similar senten ces from the read ing passage?When are you leav ing? Where are you stay ing?How are you going to ... ? How long are you stay ing in ... ? When are you arriv ing in/at ... ? Whe n are you coming back?1 Where are we going?2 When are we leav ing and whe n are we coming back?”ln the followi ng dialogue, a n ewspaper reporter is in terviewi ng Wang Wei about her pla ns for the trip along the Mek ong River. However, they are not sure about some of the verb tenses. Please complete their conv ersation.R: Miss Wang, I hear that you are travelling (travel) along the Mekong River. Have you got everyth ing ready?W: Almost.R: So whe n are you leav ing (leave) ?W: Next Mo nday.R: How far are you cycli ng (cycle) each day?W: It 'hard to say. If the weather is fin e, I thi nk we 'be able to ride 75 km a day.R: What about the weather in Qin ghai Provin ce?W: The weather forecast is not good so weare tak ing (take) a large parcel of warm clothes with us.R: Where are you staying (stay) at night?W: Usually in our tent, but sometimes in the villages along the river bank. R: What happe ns if you have an accide nt?W: Don 'worry. I had some medical trai ning at my college. Besides, we are taki ng (take) out in sura nee to cover any problems.R: Well, it sounds fun. I hope you 'have a pleasant journey. Thank you for your time.3 You have got some pla ns for the future. Use the prese nt con ti nu ous tense to express your future actions. Give as much information as you can. EXAMPLE: (this evening) I ' going out this evening. /I ' not doing anything thisevening. / I dontknow what I ' doing this evening.1 (tomorrow morning)2 (the day after tomorrow)3 (next Saturday eve ning)4 (n ext mon th)Using LanguageReadi ng and discuss ing1 Read the passage above and discuss these questi ons in pairs.1 What items are Wang Kun and Wang Wei carrying with them? What do you think they will have to leave behind in Dali? What should they takein stead?Wang Kun and Wang Wei are carry ing a tent, a cooker and food, pillows, water bottles. In the mountains they wore long wool coats, caps, gloves and trousers .In the plai ns they cha nged into T-shirts and shorts.2 How does Wang Kun feel about the trip now? What do you think cha nged his mind?He is starting to like / enjoy it. Seeing how beautiful the land is has cha nged Wang Kuns attitude.2 Imag ine that in the morning there is a dialogue betwee n Wang Kun and Wang Wei. What do you thi nk they would say before they leave camp?Sample dialogue:WK: Oh, up so early?WW: Early? It ' nearly 9 o'clock!WK: Oops. (Looks at his watch). I guess you're right.WW: Why were you so tired?WK: Well, I stayed up late last ni ght to watch the stars.WW: That 'n ice. They must be pretty.WK: Y es, they were.3 Listen to the tape and mark the rising and falling tone of each sense group and sentences from To climb the mountains …” to “. T-shirts and shorts”.The n practise readi ng it aloud.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by theview. We seemed to be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycli ng throgh clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colourful butterflies flew aro und us and we saw many yaks and sheep eati ng gree n grass.At this point we had to cha nge our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.To climb the mountains was hard \ work I but as we looked / aro und us, we were surprised by theview. || We seemed to be able to see for \ miles. || At one / point we were so \ high I that we found ourselves cycling throgh \clouds. || Then we began going down the\ hills. || It was great \ fun especially as it gradually became much' warmer. || In the valleys I colourful butterflies flew / around us I and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green \ grass. || At this / point I we had to change our / caps, / coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and \ shorts.Liste ning and speak ing1 Before you listen, read the exercises below and try to predict what the liste ning is about.2 Liste n to the tape and tick the stateme nt which tells the ma in idea of the dialogue.LISTENING TEXTJOURNE Y DOWN THE MEKONGPart 3 CHATTING WITH A GIRLThe n ext day the travellers see a girl (G) walk ing along the road. Wang Kun (WK) speaks to her.WK: Hello!G: Hello! Are you travellers?WK: Yes. Were travelling along the Mekong River. We'e been all through China and now we're going to follow the river through Laos.G: I ' Laotian. The Mekong' our most important river. Did you know that itappears on our national flag?WK: Really?G: Yes. We use the river for washing, fishing and transporting things aro und the coun try. Wed be lost without it. It 'better tha n a road.WK: Well, no won der I 'e see n boats going up and dow n - they "er tran sport ing goods and people.G: Yeah. We call it t he sea of Laos although we're not near the sea. Its because the water is sa useful to us sa the sea.WK: How interesting! In Tibet the river 'called t he water of the rocks'.Both n ames tell us a lot about the river, do' they?G: Yes, they do. Watch out for the temples, caves and a waterfall along the river.WK: Wow! Can we sleep by the river?G: Yes, of course you can. There are many small villages along the river. You can stay there if you wish.WK: Tha nks a lot.1 A girl from Laos told Wang Kun about how Laotians use the Mekong River.2 A girl told Wang Kun about what they would see along the Mekong River.3 A girl from Laos told Wang kun about how important and beautiful the Mekong is.A( ) B( ) C( V )A is only partly correct because the girl also mentions the Laotian n ame for the Mekong River and how the Laotia ns use it.B is only partly correct because other information about the importanee of the river and its Laotian name was also mentioned.3 Liste n aga in and complete the passage below.The Mekong is the most important river in Laos. It even appearson the national flag of the country. Laotian people use the river for washing, fishi ng and tran sport ing goods and people aro und the coun try. They call the Mekong “he seaof Laos”,but it Tibet people call it “he water of the rocks”.lf you follow the river in Laos, you can visit temples, caves and a waterfall. At night, you can sleep in some smalvillages by the river.4 What else would you expect Wang Kun and the girl to talk about? Get into pairs and continue the dialogue betwee n them. Use the follow ing expressi ons to end your conv ersatio n.Have a ni ce/good time. Have a ni ce/good trip. Take care.Have fun. Good luck on your journ ey. Write to me.Say hello to ... give my love/best wishes to ... best wishes. Sample dialogue: WK: What' the food like in Laos?G: It 'delicious. There are many fish dishes and a special fish soup. The fisher-men catch the fish and then cook it. You should try that.WK: I love to try new food. What will we see along the riverbank?G: Well there are thick forests and mountains in the north of Laos and manyinteresting plants, birds and animals in the south of Laos. It' so beautiful by the river that the sce nery will take your breath away.WK: That sounds won derful. I cannot wait to get going. Thank you for telli ng us so many thin gs. Take care.G: Have a nice time on your journey. Keep in touch and write to me of you have time. Goodbye.WK: I will. Goodbye.WritingImagine that you are a friend of Wang Kun. Write a short email asking about Laos.• In pairs brai nstorm some questi ons.EXAMPLE:What is the food like in Laos? What do you thi nk of the coun try?• Choose two or three questi ons and use each sa a new paragraph.How was your trip?What did you do whe n ...?Have you met ...?When did you get back?What kind of things did you see?Could you give me more details about ...?Could you tell me about ...?Sample writing:My dear brave Wang Kun,How are you these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your trip. Are you enjoying it? I hope that you are. Are you in Cambodia yet? When you get to Phnom Penh, tell me about the Buddhist temples there. When are you coming back? I am so looking forward to hearing about all your adventures. Please send some photos with your next letter! Well, have fun and don't forget to write to me!Say “Hello ”to Wang Wei for me.Good luck on your journey.Take care!Your friend forever,Hu Lin。

高中生物必修一第三章练习题及答案

高三生物一轮复习必修一第三章综合试卷一、单项选择题1.对绿色植物细胞某细胞器组成成分进行分析,发现A、T、C、G、U五种碱基的相对含量分别约为35%、0、30%、20%、15%,则该细胞器能完成的生理活动〔〕A.吸收氧气,进行有氧呼吸B.发出星射线,形成纺锤体C.结合mRNA,合成蛋白质 D.吸收并转换光能,完成光合作用2.细胞核是遗传信息库,是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心,下列有关细胞核的叙述正确的是〔〕A.细胞核内的核仁被破坏,会影响到胰岛素的合成B.细胞核控制细胞的一切性状C.所有分子均可通过核膜上的核孔D.细胞核内所需的能量在细胞核内产生3.下列有关说法中不正确的是〔〕A.飞翔的鸟类比不飞翔鸟类胸肌细胞中线粒体多B.蛋白质合成旺盛的细胞中核仁比较发达C.浆细胞比B淋巴细胞中的内质网发达D. 溶酶体中的水解酶只有释放出来才能发挥催化作用4.下列细胞结构中不含有核酸的是〔〕A、线粒体B、高尔基体C、核糖体D、叶绿体5.下列关于细胞器的描述正确的是〔〕A.溶酶体内含有多种水解酶,能分解衰老、损伤的细胞器B.动植物细胞都有两个互相垂直排列的中心粒C.所有酶、抗体、激素都在核糖体上合成D.高尔基体与植物细胞膜的形成有关6.下列关于人体细胞代谢场所的叙述,正确的是:〔〕A.乳酸产生的场所是线粒体B.雌性激素合成的场所是核糖体C.血红蛋白合成的场所是高尔基体D.胰岛素基因转录的场所是细胞核7.下列关于细胞结构与功能的叙述,正确的是〔〕A.口腔上皮细胞单位面积的核孔数目比胰岛细胞的要多B.蓝藻细胞中无线粒体,呼吸作用的方式为无氧呼吸C.线粒体内的基粒增大了线粒体的膜面积D. 生物膜相互转化的基础是膜的成分和结构的相似性8.右图是细胞核的结构模式图,下列关于各结构与功能的叙述正确的是A.①是所有生物遗传物质的载体B.所有细胞中核糖体的形XX与②有关C.③属于生物膜系统,把核内物质与细胞质分开D.④是大分子物质如DNA出入细胞核的通道9.如图为某种植物细胞的局部结构示意图,下列说法正确的是〔〕A.该细胞是高度分化的细胞,不具有分裂能力B.这是一种需氧型生物,但也可进行无氧呼吸C.1、2、3、5、7都属于生物膜系统D.具有双层膜的细胞器是5、610.肌细胞内的肌质网是由大量变形的线粒体组成的,由此可推测肌质网的作用是( )A.增大细胞内的膜面积B.某些大分子物质的运输通道C.为肌细胞供应能量D.与蛋白质、脂质和糖类的合成有关11.对下列生物或结构进行化学成分分析,最相似的是〔〕A.细菌和酵母菌B.核糖体和中心体 C.蓝藻和衣藻 D.艾滋病病毒和核糖体12.下列有关细胞器的叙述中正确的是〔〕A.光合作用一定在叶绿体中进行B.线粒体是动物细胞合成ATP的唯一场所C.细菌和蓝藻的细胞器只有核糖体D.小麦细胞的有丝分裂与中心体密切相关13.生物体中,能产生多糖的场所是〔〕①肝脏②骨胳肌③高尔基体④叶绿体⑤线粒体⑥核糖体A.①②③⑥B.①②③④C.①③④⑤D.①②④14.下列说法不正确...的是〔〕A高尔基体在植物细胞和动物细胞的功能不同 B内质网与蛋白质和脂质的形成有关C.抗体的产生与游离核糖体有关D.生物膜系统包括细胞膜、核膜和细胞器膜15.右图为某高等植物叶肉细胞结构模式图,相关叙述不正确的是A.图中能产生ATP的结构有1、2、5B.1中产生的一分子CO2扩散出来进入2中被利用,穿过的磷脂双分子层的层数为4层C.2与4中都含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等色素D.3是遗传物质储存和复制的主要场所,是细胞遗传特性和细胞代谢活动的控制中心16.大肠杆菌细胞与洋葱表皮细胞相比,所共有的成分或结构包括:①细胞壁②细胞膜③细胞质④细胞核⑤DNA⑥染色体⑦核糖体〔〕A.①②③④⑤B.①②③⑤⑥C.①②③⑤⑦D.①②③⑤⑥⑦17.有关细胞核的叙述,正确的是〔〕A.细胞核是活细胞进行细胞代谢的主要场所B.衰老细胞的体积变小,但是细胞核体积增大,核膜内折,染色质固缩C.原核细胞没有具核膜的细胞核,真核细胞只有一个具核膜的细胞核D.有丝分裂过程中,细胞核中的染色体通过复制数目加倍18. 下图为关于细胞生物膜的概念图,下列相关叙述错误的是〔〕A.图中a、b、c分别是指细胞膜、具膜的细胞器和核膜B.图中m是指叶绿体的类囊体膜C.图中p是指线粒体的内膜D.图中的f和h分别是指内质网和高尔基体1234519、下图为高等植物细胞亚显微结构模式图,〔1〕~〔5〕是对各细胞器结构与功能的描述,其中正确的是〔〕〔1〕①~⑥都有膜结构〔2〕①增大了细胞内的膜面积〔3〕该细胞需要的ATP主要由④提供〔4〕③④都可产生水〔5〕⑥内细胞液浓度的高低,可影响细胞对水的吸收A.〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕B.〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕C.〔2〕〔4〕〔5〕D.〔3〕〔4〕〔5〕20、溶酶体是由高尔基体“出芽〞产生的一种重要细胞器,内含有50多种酸性水解酶。

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必修一第三单元复习案一答案
1、C A“陨”应为“殒”,“炯”应为“迥”,“清”应为“青”;B“绽”应为“崭”,“脚”应为“角”;C“励”应为“厉”;D“默默”应为“脉脉”,“鹊”应为“雀”。

2、C A适用对象不当,泥沙俱下:指在江河的急流中泥土和沙子随着水一起冲下。

比喻好坏不同的人或事物混杂在一起。

B不合语境。

莫衷一是:指意见纷纭,分歧很大,不能得出一致的结论。

C殒身不恤:牺牲生命也在所不惜。

D褒贬不当。

无所不用其极:指做坏事时任何极端的手段都使得出来,贬义。

3、D A.残一惨;B.篡一窜,撼一憾;C.彩一采。

4、C A项,最后一句缺少主语,应在“对”前加指示代词“这”。

B项,“用于……的治疗”和“作为……的治疗费用”两种句式杂糅,选用其中一种句式即可。

D项,“生活习惯”包含着“饮食习惯”,将“饮食习惯”去掉。

5、B 根据前后连贯的原则,②句应接在首句后,根据逻辑关系,“同情”与“雪中送炭”形成递进关系,所以①③应接在②后,④与“循环”相呼应,“滋润着”与“一泓循环的水流”衔接自然,⑥⑤句是递进关系,故应排在句末。

二、1、D 2 A 3C 4 C三、1、C 荷:扛
2、C A项①“于”:介词,对于;②“于”:介词,从。

B项①“以”:介词,用;②“以”:连词,表并列。

C项两“而”都是连词,表修饰。

D项①“则”,表示出乎意料、发现了新的情况,相当于“竟、却”;②“则”,连词,如果。

3、B ①是说明梨好价高。

⑤是对被戏弄的愤恨。

⑥是对“称素丰者”而言的,不是对乡人所言。

4、B 乡下人并没后悔的表现
4、(1)当初,道士开始变戏法时,乡下人也夹杂站立在人群里面伸长脖子、眼睛一动不动地看,竟忘记了自己卖梨的事。

(2)在乡间常常见到有些自称富有的人,当好朋友来借米时,就一脸怒色。

(3)可是等到沉湎赌博,迷了心窍,就是倾其所有,也毫不吝惜;刀锯架在脖子上的时候,赎命都来不及。

【参考译文】
有个乡下人推着一车梨到街上卖,因梨的味道香甜,所以他要价很高。

有一个头戴破头巾、身穿旧棉袍的道士,在车前请求乡下人施舍,乡下人粗野地呵斥他,他却不走,乡下人更为恼火,大声责骂他。

道士说:“你这一车梨有好几百个,我只是请你施舍一个给我,这对于你也不算什么大的损失,你不给倒也算了,何必发这么大的脾气?”旁边围观的人也劝乡下人挑个最差的梨给道士,打发他走算了,而乡下人却坚决不肯。

酒店里一个伙计见外面吵闹得不可收拾,于是自己出钱买了个梨,送给道士。

道士向他表示感谢,然后又对围观者说:“出家人不知道吝惜是什么。

我有很好吃的梨,拿出来请大家一同品尝。

”有人说:“你既然有好梨,为何不自己吃呢?”道士说:“我需要这个梨核作树种。

”于是两手捧梨吃起来,快要吃完的时候,将梨核放在手上,解下肩上背的铲刀,挖了个数寸深的坑,先把梨核放进去,然后又用土盖上,并向街上的人索要开水来浇灌。

喜欢凑热闹的人赶忙向路边小店要了一碗开水,道士接过来浇在坑里。

在众人的注视下,桑树的嫩芽出土了,渐渐长大;不久便长成了树,树叶茂盛;一会儿就开了花;又一会儿便结了梨,梨子又大又香,满树的梨子压弯了树枝。

道士就从树上摘下梨子送给围观的人,不一会儿的工夫就摘完了梨子。

赠完梨子后,道士就用铲刀砍梨树,丁丁当当砍了很久,才把梨树砍倒;然后把还长着叶子的树干扛在肩膀上,非常从容地走了。

当初,道士开始变戏法时,乡下人也夹杂站立在人群里面伸长脖子、眼睛一动不动地看,竟忘记了自己卖梨的事。

当道士走了以后,他才回头看自己的车子,发现满车子的梨都没有了。

乡下人这时才醒悟过来,刚才道士分给大家的梨原来都是自己的梨。

他又仔细检查车子,发现有个车把不见了,是刚刚砍断的。

他十分愤怒,急忙去追道士。

转过墙角,只见被砍的车把在墙脚下,才知道道士所砍的梨树就是此物,而道士早已不知去向了。

此事成为满街市民的一个笑柄。

异史氏说:“这个乡下人真是糊涂,天真骄痴,被满街的市民讥笑,有很多地方。

在乡
间常常见到有些自称富有的人,当好朋友来借米时,就一脸怒色,并且算计着说:‘这是我们家好几天的生活费呀。

’有的人劝他们帮一帮遭灾受难的人,给孤独无助的人一点饭吃,他就又非常生气,又算计着说:‘这是我们家十人、五人的口粮呀。

’甚至是父子兄弟,算计起来也往往是分毫必争。

可是等到沉湎赌博,迷了心窍,就是倾其所有,也毫不吝惜;刀锯架在脖子上的时候,赎命都来不及。

诸如此类,真是说也说不完,真是愚蠢呀,这些乡下人,又有什么值得奇怪的呢。


必修一第三单元复习案二答案
一、3、几个论客认为学生自蹈死地(自己寻死);“几个所谓学者文人的阴险的论调”“流言,尤使我耳不忍闻”“给有恶意的闲人作‘流言’的种子”“流言家竟至如此之下劣”(答到一处即可) 4、“请愿”的事从此可以停止了
5、段政府及其他军阀们统治下的中国处处是“屠场”,爱国人民的生命毫无保障,揭露了反动派镇压革命群众的凶残本相
6、已从流血牺牲中觉醒而变得成熟的民族;尚未从流血中吸取教训或竟然忘却了死难先烈的民族;屠杀爱国群众的反动派及其走狗文人。

7、杀人者妄图以死亡来恐吓人民,镇压革命,但人民中自有觉悟者为解民倒悬而不怕死亡,奋勇前行。

这是对革命先烈的赞颂。

(本文总的意思是恳切希望学生们不要再搞徒手请愿,避免无谓的牺牲)
二、(1)揭示了世族权贵依仗祖业窃居高位、出身寒微的人虽有才能却只能屈居下位的社会现象,表达了作者对这种现象的强烈不满和批判。

(2)第一层以比兴起笔,用“松”和“苗”来比喻因“地势”不同而带来的不平等状况,形象化地引领全诗;第二层是全诗的核心,直接揭示“世胄蹑高位,英俊沉下僚”的社会现象,并指出这种现象“由来非一朝”;第三层则通过“金张”和“冯公”两个事例正反对比,具体说明上面现象的存在,并批判它的不合理性。

四、1、艺术特长生明年想靠艺术特长上大学难了。

2、(1)叫你,请你 (2)讲一讲,作报告(或:指导) (3)点滴,宝贵 (4)切勿推辞,请你不要推辞(或:希望你能接受邀请)
3、图书目录是一种记录书名著者出版情况和收藏情况、按照一定的顺序编排、供人们查找图书时使用的工具书。

(兼顾内容要点和逻辑顺序)
4、(1)生命是一个享受的过程,人生重在经历过(2)人不能有贪欲,贪婪最终还是两手空空。

5、(拓展作文)阅读下面文字,根据要求作文。

一位没有辉煌和光明,只有灰暗和贫困的青年,请教一位经常和别人谈论命运的禅师:“我的命运在哪里?”禅师让他伸出左手,看了他手掌上的“生命线”“事业线”之后,要他将手掌再慢慢握起来,问:“你说这几条线在哪里?”那青年答:“在我手里啊!”说完,他恍然大悟:原来命运就在自己手里啊!
请以“握住你的左手”为话题,自拟题目,自选文体,写一篇不少于800字的作文。

【思路点拨】
审题:—要抓住材料中的关键句子,“原来命运就在自己手里”—句揭示了这篇作文的主旨;二要看材料的指向,“—位没有辉煌和光明,只有灰暗和贫困的青年”是指身处逆境的人。

从材料不难看出,“握住你的左手”是把握自己命运意思,命题的意图是写在身处逆境时应怎样对待命运。

展开联想:“命运”这个话题很宽泛,由此可以联想到许多人和事,甚至可以联想到花草树木、虫鱼鸟兽等,如动物园里的鸟兽和大自然中的鸟兽的命运就不一样,养在鱼缸里的鱼和海洋里的鱼的命运就不同。

要使作文写出新意,首先要在联想上下一番功夫。

选定文体:写议论文,可以阐述“要扼住命运的咽喉”这一观点;写记叙文,可以记一个人如何改变自己命运的过程;写散文,可以抒写不同人的不同命运引发的感慨,或采用片段组合的形式,谈自己对命运的感受;甚至可以写寓言故事,借以表达自己对“命运”这个话题的理解。

选用文体时,要扬长避短,以充分发挥自己的水平。

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