中考主谓一致专项

主谓一致专项

撰稿：俞平审稿：赵悦编辑：郭素清

一、用法归纳

在写作的时候，一定要关注句法中的主谓一致现象，主语的人称和数要与谓语动词保持一致。

1、语法上一致

（1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

Water is very important to the trees.

The beautiful girl over there is my daughter.

（2）动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

To be polite is important for children.

It is difficult for him to do that.

（3）动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Walking slowly is a good sport for the old.

In my opinion, swimming is the best sport in summer.

（4）what引导的主语从句，一般情况下谓语动词用单数形式，但是如果表语是复数或并列结构，谓语动词就要用复数形式。

What you said is very interesting.

What I am looking for are these new books.

（5）and, both…and并列主语指两个人或物时谓语动词要用复数形式，但是，如果and并列主语指一个人或物时，即and后面的名词没有冠词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

She and I are both League members.

Both my father and my mother are Party members.

The bread and butter is good to taste.

The chain and watch is gold.

（6）and并列主语，而且名词前分别有each, every, no等修饰时谓语动词要用单数形式。

Every boy and every girl has right to receive education in the school.

Each man and each woman has a gun.

（7）主语是单数与as well as, no less than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, but（除……外）等连接其他名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

The woman with three children was standing over there.

Mike as well as you two is very brave.

No one except me knows anything about it.

The fact, together with what I have heard, proves him wrong.

（8）不定代词anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, neither, either, each等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Listen! Someone is knocking on the door.

I am sure nobody knows about it.

Neither of us has ever been abroad.

（9）疑问词what, who, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据意思来确定单复数。

Who is going to answer this question? Please put up your hand.

Who are in the classroom?

What is in the glass?

What are in the basket?

（10）由clothes, trousers, scissors, compasses作主语时谓语动词要用复数。

Look! My trousers are so new.

Where are the scissors?

（11）主语为a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half, some, any, all, most等+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据中心名词来确定。

A lot of people are waiting for you in the meeting room.

A lot of water is needed here.

There is plenty of rain here in summer.

There are plenty of apples for you all.

（12）分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据中心名词来确定。

As we all know, three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

Three-fourths of the students in our class are boys.

（13）a number of + 名词表示数量作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式，the number of +名词表示数字作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。

A number of students are playing on the playground.

The number of students is twenty.

2、意义上一致

主语形式上是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词要根据意义而采用复数形式；同样，主语形式上是复数，但意义是单数，那么谓语动词也要用单数形式。

（1）表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数形式作主语，作为一个整体来看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Seven days is a good holiday.

Ten dollars is enough for me to buy this book.

Five kilometers is a long distance for an old walker.

（2）数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。

Two plus two is(are) four.

Five minus four equals(equal) one.

Two times five makes(make) ten.

（3）以-ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, mathematics, politics及news等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

Mathematics is one of the most difficult subjects for most students in our class.

The news is very encouraging.

Politics is very important to all of us.

（4）书名、国名、报纸名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

The United States is a developed country.

The Arabian Nights is a popular reading with the young people.

（5）集体名词family, class, school, crowd, army, group, team等作主语时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式，如果看作个体，谓语动词就用复数形式。

My family is not very big.

My family are sitting at the breakfast table.

Their group are discussing some questions.

This group is having a meeting.

（6）the+姓氏的复数形式表示全家人作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

The Smiths are talking about the strike before breakfast.

The Zhangs are going to see a film after dinner.

（7）the+形容词指一类人作主语，谓语动词用复数形式; the+形容词指个人及抽象概念作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

The poor are often looked down upon.

The disabled are taken good care of here.

The wounded is getting better and better day by day.

The happy is not easy to get for me.

3、就近一致

（1）用or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only…but also并列主语时，谓语动词的形式随靠近谓语的主语变化。

Neither you nor he is allowed to go there alone.

Either he or you are going there to have a look.

Not only my sisters but also my brother likes to listen to the radio.

（2）倒装句中并列多个主语时，谓语动词的形式随谓语后的第一个主语变化。

Where is your mother and two sisters?

Here comes the bus and many cars.

（3）there be并列多个主语时，谓语动词的形式随第一个主语变化。

There is a book and two dictionaries on the desk.

There are two dictionaries and a book on the desk.

二、强化训练

1. Her family ____ all very kind and his family ____ a big one.

A. are, are

B. is, is

C. are, is

D. is, are

2. He and I ____ classmates when we were in middle school.

A. am

B. was

C. are

D. were

3. Five minutes ____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A. is

B. are

C. are like

D. is like

4. Not only you but also I ____ mistaken, I am afraid.

A. have

B. were

C. am

D. had

5. Jane, along with her parents, ____ to Canada.

A. have moved

B. has moved

C. are moving

D. have been moving

6. Writing stories and articles ____ what she enjoys most.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

7．Class One wins the match. The whole class ____ jumping with joy.

A. is

B. has been

C. were

D. are

8．We are both free tomorrow. Either you or I ____ able to attend the meeting.

A. is

B. am

C. has been

D. are to be

9．Nobody but us ____ the secret.

A. know

B. is known

C. haven known

D. knows

10．Most of the Chinese people ____ hard-working and friendly.

A. are

B. has been

C. was

D. were

参考答案

1. C 第一个空强调个体，用复数形式，第二个空看作整体，用单数形式。

2. D 主语是两个人，用复数形式；该题要用过去时。

3. D “五分钟就像一个小时”，表示时间的复数形式作主语，作为一个整体来看待，谓语用单数形

式。

4. C 根据“就近一致”原则。

5. B 该句的真正主语是Jane，谓语动词要用单数形式。

6. A 动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

7. D 该题的主语是一个集体名词，在这里强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。

8. B 根据“就近一致”原则。

9. D 该句的真正主语是不定代词Nobody，谓语动词要用单数形式。

10. A 该句的中心词是Chinese people，谓语动词要用复数形式。