SSA Observation Card
培训体系英国伦敦城市行业协会国际培训师证据集模板苏建文
（培训体系）英国伦敦城市行业协会国际培训师证据集(模板)苏建文英国伦敦城市行业协会国际培训师资格通用文凭级实操技能证据集（PORTFOLIO）中心名称：上海五加壹证书培训中心中心编号：866000联系地址：上海恒丰路610号不夜城工业园区1号楼7楼联系电话：51013715考生姓名：考试编号：报考项目：8106-21（101-105）联系电话：电子邮件提交日期：考评员姓名：学员初始测评和学习计划附件8考生能力预测表导师考生你是否具备壹定的教学/培训经验？若有，请详细说明。
若无，请说明你为何有意愿从事教学/培训事业？你计划教授哪壹门专业科目？你的优势是什么？你需要提升的领域是什么？你的读写能力是否掌握良好？你是否有条件利用IT技术辅助学习，以及是否有足够的自信运用？你是否有特别的需求要事先告知培训中心？学习方式的测试结果其它关联的诊断性测试结果考生签名日期考评员签名日期注意：此时，考生必须完成学习计划的制定。
学习计划导师考生日期所考评的资格单元目标完成日期必备资源/专门设备如何满足学员的个别考评需求，例如：特殊的考评要求总的评述考生签名日期考评员签名日期成绩摘要附件6终结性考评记录表–必修单元由导师/考评员以及考生共同保存该记录表，且和考评证据保存于壹起。
考生姓名考生编号授权中心名称授权中心编号单元编号考评证据要求通过考评的日期内督员或外督员进行抽检的日期101 １份和壹名学员进行诊断性面谈的计划;根据诊断性面谈结果，制定的1份学习计划。
102 壹份教学计划（至少包括连续3节课）；2份授课计划103 单元102的2份授课计划，包含完整的自我评估部分； 2份授课观察方案。
104 2份考评计划；2份观察方案：观察考生如何向学员提供反馈意见。
105 1份考生的个人自我发展的行动计划 所有单元 综合方案所有单元 选择题笔试本人确认，之上的考评证据均属实，由本人亲自完成。
考生签名 日期行动计划考生姓名 第【 】页 共【 】页单元描述当下的工作是否用到了这些技能描述需要的技能培训计划日期完成日期描述以前的工作是否用到了这些技能描述采取的行动且收集证据考生签名日期考评员签名日期见证人身份列表所考评的资格学员姓名务必确保「见证人身份列表」上包括了所有曾观察学员学习/考评活动或提交过方案的见证人。
CCSA-基础词汇
CCSA-基础词汇CCSA基本词汇Aacceptance testing 验收测试access存取、访问access control访问控制accountability责任Accounting controls 会计控制achieve达到activity活动activity network diagram作业网络图activity-based costing(ABC)system 作业成本法activity-level objective作业层次目标Activity reports活动报告add value增加价值adequacy充分，足够；适当adequate controlAnalysis and Evaluation(IIAPreformance Standard 2320)分析和评价(IIA工作标准2320)Analysis audit procedures分析性审计程序analytical review分析性复核anonymity匿名，匿名者appearance表面application应用appraisal costs鉴定成本appreciation评价，鉴别appropriate适当的appropriation拨款，占用，盗用，挪用approve批准Approval批准Approval of risk-based plans （批准）以风险为导向的计划Approval of work programs （批准）工作方案artificial intelligence人工智能assess对??????进行评估，评价assessment评估Assessment control控制（评估）Assessment of control processes控制程序（评估）Assessment definition/timing of定义/时间安排（评估）Assessment of quality programs质量方案（评估）Assessment of risk management process风险管理过程（评估）Assets，control and ues of资产、控制和使用Assignment of authority and responsibility 权责划分assistance援助，帮助assistant辅助的，助理的assumption假设assurance确认、保证Assurance Services确认服务Assurance Services and consulting services确认服务和咨询服务Assurance Services nature of确认服务的性质Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) 非对称用户数字环线asynchronous异步attribute Standards属性标准attributes sampling属性抽样audience受众audit conclusion审计结论audit committees审计委员会communications with audit committees与审计委员会的沟通audit coverage审计覆盖面audit directors审计主管audit directors compliance with IIA’s attribute standards（审计主管）遵循IIA的属性标准duties of audit directors审计主管责任personnel responsibilities of audit directors人事责任planning by audit directors规划audit directors and policies/procedures 审计主管和政策/程序quality assurance role of audit directors 质量保障角色auditing control审计控制audit managers/supervisors审计经理/督导audit evidence审计证据audit finding审计发现audit methodology审计方法audit objectives审计目标auditors-in-charge主管审计师audit plans/planning审计计划audit procedures审计程序audit programs审计方案assessments to audit programs 评估审计方案audit recommendation审计建议audit reports审计报告audit resources审计资源audit risk审计风险audit scope审计范围audit team leaders 审计小组领导audit time budgets 审计时间预算audit trail审计踪迹audit work planning 审计工作计划audit work programs 审计工作方案auditee被审计单位authentication鉴别authority权威性，权限authorization授权avoid避免awareness意识Bbackup/restart procedure 备份/重启程序balance controls余额控制bar chart条形图，柱状图bar-code条码BBS电子公告牌benchmarking基准比较法biometric technology生物技术Board董事会(审计委员会)internal control responsibilities of board of directors（董事会的）内部控制责任bounded rationality有限理性brainstorming头脑风暴break-even盈亏平衡点bridge网桥browser浏览器bus network总线网business application systems业务应用系统see also internal control application development内部控制应用程序开发application system documentation control应用系统文本记录控制corrective controls纠正性控制data integrity controls数据完整性控制data origination/preparation/input controls 数据产生/编制/输入控制data output controls数据输出控制data processing controls数据处理控制detective controls检查性控制inventory of controls in存货控制operational application system controls操作应用系统控制preventive controls预防性控制spreadsheet controls电子数据表控制system-related file maintenance controls 系统相关文档维护控制business organizations经营组织business process reengineering业务流程再造business risk，audit risk vs.经营风险，审计风险Ccallback回拨capacity plan能力计划capital structure资本结构cause原因cause-and-effect diagrams因果图centralized processing集中处理certainty确定性certification authority(CA)证书认证中心Certified Internal Auditor(CIA) 国际注册内部审计师challenge挑战change control变更控制change management变革管理characteristics特性charter章程Check Sheet日常检查单checklists问题清单Chief Audit Executive(CAE) 首席审计执行官circumstantial evidence附属证据class类client委托人，客户，客户机client feedback mechanisms客户反馈机制closing conference结束会议cluster(block)sampling分块抽样CoCo model，see Criteria of control model 控制标准模式Code of Ethics职业道德规范monitoring compliance with 监控合规性coefficient of correlation相关系数coefficient of determination 决定系数cold site冷站collection收款combination controls合并控制comment观点，评论Committee委员会Committee of Sponsoring Organizations(COSO) 发起组织委员会Committee structure委员会结构communicating results沟通结果communication and internal control沟通和内部控制Compact Disc/Read-Only Memory(CD-ROM) 紧凑式只读光盘comparison比较comparison controls比较控制compensating controls 补偿性控制competency能力，胜任competent能胜任的，足够的competitive bid竞标compiler编译器complexity复杂性compliance遵循/合规性legal considerations in evaluating programs for compliance针对合规性评价方案的法律考虑事项compliance monitoring监控compliance audit合规性审计compliance test符合性测试computation controls计算控制computer-assisted audit technique计算机辅助审计技术computer controls计算机控制concerns关注点concise简洁conclusive evidence确证证据concurrency并发concurrent access controls 并行存取控制concurrent control并行控制condition条件conditional probability 条件概率confidence interval置信区间confidence level置信水平confidentiality保密confirmation函证conflicts of interest利益冲突、关注焦点consensus testing一致性测试consistent with与??????一致constructive建设性Consulting Services咨询服务contemporary management controls 现代管理控制contingency design权变理论contingency plan应急计划control控制self-assessment of control自我评估control activities控制活动control assessment控制评估control breakdowns控制崩溃control chart控制图control environment控制环境control files控制文档control report控制报告Control Self-assessment控制自我评价Control Self-assessment(CSA) model控制自我评估（CSA）模式control-based以控制为基础的controller会计部主任cooperation协作corporate governance公司治理corporate governance CoCo model控制标准（CoCo）模式corporate governance control self-assessment model控制自我评估模式corporate governance COCO’s internal control COCO的内部控制corporate governance separation of ownership from control源自控制的所有权分离corrective action纠正行动corrective controls纠正性控制corroborative evidence佐证证据COSO internal control modelCOSO内部控制模式cost of assurance保证成本cost of quality质量成本cost-volume-profit analysis 本-量-利分析credit committee信贷委员会criteria标准Critical Path Method(CPM) 关键路径法critical thinking关键思考cross-referencing交叉索引current当前、流动current ratio流动比率Cyclical Redundancy Checking(CRC) 循环冗余检验Ddata mining数据挖掘data processing controls数据处理控制data synthesis数据统计database数据库deadly embrace死锁debugger调试器decentralized processing 分散处理decision-tree analysis决策树分析decline谢绝，下降deduction扣除额；演绎；推论deficiency缺陷delegation授权Delphi techniques 德尔菲技术departmentalization 部门化depend upon取决于dependency check 相关性检验design设计detailed testing详细测试detect发掘，侦查detective control检查型控制diagnostic诊断difference estimation sampling 差额估计抽样digital certificate数字证书Digital Data Network(DDN) 数字数据网络digital signature数字签名direct cutover strategy直接转换策略direct evidence直接证据direct-access file直接存取文件directed sampling定向抽样directive control指导型控制disclosure披露discount折扣discovery sampling发现抽样discretionary access control 自主访问控制discriminate analysis 辨别分析disk磁盘disk utility磁盘工具distributed processing 分布处理distribution分发diversify分散，多样化division of labor劳动分工divisional structure分布型结构documental information 文件信息dollar-unit sampling货币单位抽样download下载dounsizing降型化draft草稿Due Professional Care 应有的职业审慎性dumb terminal哑终端Dynamic Link Libraries(DLL)动态链接库dynamic programming动态规划EE-commerce activities电子商务活动risk/control issues with E-commerce activities 电子商务活动风险/控制问题Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)经济订货量effect效果effectiveness有效性Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) 电子数据转换Electronic Data Process(EDP)电子数据处理Electronic Funds Transfer(EFT) 电子资金转账electronic voting电子投票embedded audit module嵌入式审计模块employees雇员responsibilities of employees雇员职责empowerment授权endorse背书end-user终端用户End-User Computing(EUC) 终端用户计算engagement审计业务engagement area审计业务范围engagement client审计业务客户engagement conclusion审计业务结论engagement information审计业务信息engagement observation审计业务观察结果engagement recommendation 审计业务建议engagement result审计业务结果enhance提高、加强environmental audits环境审计equal-weight加权平均ethics伦理/道德ethics monitoring compliance with code of conduct对行为规范遵循性的监控evaluate评估，评价evidence证据exception report例外报告existence check存在性检验exit conference退出会议expectation期望expected value期望值expert system专家系统expertise专长exponential smoothing 指数平滑exposure暴露extent延伸external assessment外部评估external information外部信息external-internal information 外-内信息Ffacilitated team workshops 推动型专题讨论会fail-soft protection故障弱化保护failure cost失败成本FDIC Improvement Act联邦存款保险公司改进法feasibility可行性feedback payments反馈控制feed-forward control前馈控制field字段final audit report最终审计报告final engagement communication 最终审计业务沟通financial control systems财务控制系统firewall防火墙fishbone diagram鱼骨图flat file平面文件flat organizations扁平化组织flexible budgeting弹性预算flowcharting流程图focus groups专题小组follow-up by internal auditors 后续审计follow -up后续follow -up review 跟踪检查format check格式检验Fragmentation 分割frame relay帧中继framework框架fraud舞弊fraud auditing 舞弊审计。
SAQC–支付应用程式连接到网际网路且不储存电子格式持卡人资料
支付卡行業(PCI) 資料安全標準自我評估問卷說明和指南2.0 版2010 年10 月文件變更記錄目錄說明和指南 2.0 版 2010 年10 月 (1)文件變更記錄 (2)關於本文件 (4)P CI DSS 自我評估：整體架構 (5)P CI 資料安全標準：相關文件 (6)S AQ 概要 (7)遵從PCI DSS 的重要性？ (8)準備合規驗證的一般技巧與策略 (9)選擇最適合您組織的SAQ 和證明 (12)S AQ A –不出示實卡，外包所有持卡人資料功能 (12)S AQ B –僅使用刷卡機或獨立撥出終端機的商戶。
不儲存電子格式的持卡人資料。
(13)S AQ C-VT –使用基於Web 的虛擬終端機且不儲存電子格式持卡人資料的商戶 (13)S AQ C –支付應用程式連接到網際網路且不儲存電子格式持卡人資料的商戶 (14)S AQ D –所有其他商戶，以及所有由支付品牌定義為符合完成SAQ 資格條件的服務提供商 (14)關於某些特定要求不適用性的指南 (16)完成SAQ 的說明 (16)哪種SAQ 最適合我的環境？ (17)關於本文件本文件旨在協助商戶和服務提供商理解支付卡行業資料安全標準(PCI DSS) 和自我評估問卷(SAQ)。
認真閲讀全部説明和指南文件，瞭解PCI DSS 對您組織的重要性，您的組織可使用何種策略促進合規性驗證，以及您的組織具備完成哪一個精簡版SAQ 的資格條件。
以下部分將概述您需要瞭解的PCI DSS SAQ 内容。
▪P CI DSS 自我評估：整體架構▪P CI DSS：相關文件▪S AQ 概要▪遵從PCI DSS 的重要性？▪準備合規驗證的一般技巧與策略▪選擇最適合您組織的SAQ 和證明▪關於某些特定要求不適用性的指南▪完成SAQ 的說明▪哪個SAQ 最適合我的環境？P CI DSS 自我評估：整體架構P CI DSS 和支援文件是一套常用的行業工具和量測標準，有助確保以安全的方式處理敏感資訊。
Lesson Learned Card
Report date:RMA-no.:Division:Product:Revision:Customer name:incoming insp.field production unknown0-kmNoTo whom?BEFORE 以前Material number:Description:Production line:自动拔脚后产品在盒子里分布不均匀, 作业员在在包装时为了将上盖盖到位人为压上盖造成产品粉脚开裂.AFTER 以后无What is the symptom?什么样的情形？粉脚开裂不符合客户和EPCOS 的标准What is the specification? 标准是什么？粉脚处包封层不允许开裂What's the non-conform value? 不合格的数据是什么？WHAT WAS THE PROBLEM?这是什么样的问题？What happened? 发生了什么？粉脚开裂Where?Potential applicability for other processes / locationsDid you share the LLC with other locations ?Why it is a problem? 为什么这是个问题?WHAT IS THE ROOT CAUSE?根本原因是什么？Photo of non-conform/不合格照片Photo of conform/合格照片How many ?有多少数量不良?客户共发现224片不良品Failure detected at:Detection 流出原因Occurrence 发生原因自动拔脚后产品在盒子里分布不均匀, 作业员在在包装时为了将上盖盖到位人为压上盖造成产品粉脚开裂.LESSON LEARNED CARD 经验学习卡。
AssessmentModel（SSAM）：评估模型（SSAM）
Research, Development, and TechnologyTurner-Fairbank Highway Research Center6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296IntroductionA conflict is a scenario where two road users will likely collide without evasive action. Figure 1 illustrates an example of a conflict, where a vehi-cle is angling across two lanes to the left-turn bay and has abruptly cut in front of another vehicle that must decelerate to avoid collision. Traffic conflicts have been studied since the late 1960s as a technique to assess the safety of a location, with the understanding that conflict frequency is correlated with the risk of actual collision.Conflict studies traditionally utilize personnel trained to identify and record conflicts observed at an intersection. In this research, the SSAM software application was developed to automate conflict analysis by directly processing vehicle trajectory data. Researchers specified an open-standard, “universal” vehicle trajectory data format designed to provide the location and dimensions of each vehicle approximately every tenth of a second. It is hoped that in the coming years video processing technology will be capable of automatically extracting vehicle trajectory data adequate for SSAM processing. However, the trajectory file format is currently supported as an export option by four traffic microsimulation models: VISSIM, AIMSUN, Paramics, and TEXAS.Assessment MethodTo assess a traffic facility with SSAM, the facility is first modeled in one of the aforementioned simulation models and then simulated with desired traffic conditions (typically simulating several replications with different random number seeds). Each simulation run results in a corresponding trajectory file, referred to as a TRJ file corresponding to the .trj filename extension. Then, SSAM is used as a post-processor to analyze the batch of T RJ files. SSAM analyzes vehicle-to-vehicle interactions to identify conflict events and catalogs all events found. For each such event, SSAM also calculates several surrogate safety measures, including the following:• Minimum time-to-collision (TTC).• Minimum post-encroachment time (PET).• Initial deceleration rate (DR).• Maximum deceleration rate (MaxD).• Maximum speed (MaxS).• Maximum speed differential (DeltaS).• Classification as lane-change, rear-end, or path-crossing event type.• Vehicle velocity change had the event pro-ceeded to a crash (DeltaV)SSAM provides the following features:• A table of all conflicts identified in the batch of analyzed TRJ files, including file, time, location, vehicles identifications, and several measures of conflict severity.• A summary of conflict counts by type and file, with average values of surrogate measures over all conflicts.• A filtering mechanism that allows the isolation of subsets of conflicts by ranges of surrogate safety measures, conflict type, network link, or a rectangular region of the network.• A facility for statistical comparisons of the conflict frequencies and values of surrogate safety measures for two alternative cases or designs using the Student t distribution for hypothesis testing.• A display of the location of conflicts on the network map, with icons of different shapes and colors assignable to different conflict types or severities.Figure 2 is a screenshot of the map display in SSAM, with conflict icons color coded according to their time-to-collision values.2ValidationTo assess the capabilities of SSAM, researchers conducted theoretical validation, field valid-ation, and sensitivity analysis.The theoretical validation effort considered 11 pairs of intersection designs (e.g., right-turn bay versus no right-turn bay; SPUI versus dia-mond interchange; roundabout versus diamond interchange). The relative safety assessments of SSAM were compared to assessments using traditional, theoretical crash-prediction equa-tions. The results yielded interesting insights, though it was often the case that design A had more conflicts than design B, while design B had higher severity conflicts than design A, pointing to the need for further research in interpreting and comparing surrogate safety measures.The field validation effort was concerned with the absolute accuracy of surrogate safety assessment, in contrast to the relative safety assessments of the theoretical validation. A set of 83 field sites were selected—all were four-leg, urban, signalized intersections—and were modeled in VISSIM and simulated and assessed with SSAM. T he conflict analysis results of these intersections were compared to actual crash histories (based on historical insurance claims records) using five statistical tests. This effort also provided an opportunity for benchmark comparison of surrogate safety estimates ver-sus traditional crash-prediction models based on average daily traffic volumes (ADT).The simulation-based intersection conflicts data provided by SSAM were significantly correlated with the crash data collected in the field, with the exception of conflicts during path-crossing maneuvers (e.g., left turns colliding with opposing through-traffic), which were under-represented in the simulation. Intersection rankings based on total conflict frequency correlated with intersection rankings based on total crash frequency with a Spearman rank coefficient of 0.463 (and similarly for rear-end and lane-change incidents). The relationship between total conflicts and total crashes in this study (shown in figure 3) exhibits a correlation (R-squared) value of 0.41.This correlation of conflicts to crashes is consistent with the range of correlations reported in several studies between ADT and crashes for urban, signalized intersections. T his result was achieved despite simulating only morning peak-hour volumes. Crash prediction models based on a yearly average of 24-hour ADT volumes exhibited a correlation (R-squared) value of 0.68 with actual crash frequencies. This study also found a conflict-to-crash ratio of approximately 20,000 to 1, though that ratio varied by conflict type.The sensitivity analysis effort compared an assessment of five intersections (of the aforementioned 83) conducted separately using each of the four microsimulation models: VISSIM, AIMSUN, Paramics, and TEXAS. Crashes (vehicles driving through each other) were found in all simulations, and SSAM proved particularly useful in revealing questionable simulated behavior (due to user-configuration of the model in some cases and underlying34Researchers —This study was performed by the Intelligent T ransportation Systems Business Unit of Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc. (Siemens ITS); Principal Investigators Douglas Gettman, andSteven Shelby. For more information about this research, contact Clayton Chen, FHWA Project Manager, HRDSat(202)493-3054,********************.Distribution —This T echBrief is being distributed according to a standard distribution. Direct distribution is being made to the Divisions and Resource Center.Availability —The T echBrief may be obtained from the FHWA Product Distribution Center by e-mail to *********************,faxto(814)239-2156,phoneto(814)239-1160, or online at / safety.Key Words —Surrogate safety measures, T raffic conflicts, Intersection safety, and Simulation.Notice —This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of T ransportation in the interest of information exchange. T he U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the infor-mation contained in this document. T he U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.Quality Assurance Statement —The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve the Government, industry, and public in a manner that promotes public understand-ing. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.simulation logic in other cases). This has notably prompted some revisions (so far by TEXAS and VISSIM) to improve the behavior of the underlying simulation models.RecommendationsSSAM provides a compelling new option to assess the safety of traffic facilities using popular microsimulation software. This approach circumvents the need to wait for “abnormally high” crashes to actually occur, allows assessments of hypothetical designs and control alternatives, and is applicable to facilities where traditional, volume-based crash-prediction models (and norms) havenot been established. Research is ongoing in this area, and as simulation models and video technology improve, this technique is expected to grow in use.Additional InformationSSAM documentation is available in two FHWA reports: Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report, FHWA-HRT -08-051 and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM): Software User Manual, FHWA-HRT -08-050 (/safety/intersect.htm). The SSAM software is available from Siemens Energy and Automation (/research/ssam/).。
target_card
Step 1: Configure the System 1A:Select Target Properties... from the Measure menu.1B:Grid size, shape, andunits must match theinitial undeformedgrid.1C:The target size must match the target used in the measurement. The standard target sizeis 25 mm. Check Autofind Target on.Step 2: Acquire Photographs 2A:Use a pen tomark themeasurementarea on theformed part.2B:Place the target cubeadjacent to themarked area.2C:Put the memory card or hard drive in the digital camera.2D:Take two or more photographs using the following guidelines:• The target and measurement area should be as large as possible in the photograph.• The measurement area and two sides of the target cube must be visible in eachphotograph.• Use a 1/60 second or faster shutterspeed, or a tripod.• Expose for the measurement area, notthe target.• Take each photograph from a differentposition. For example, one of the twosides of the target in photo 1 should bedifferent in photo 2.2E:Remove the memory card or hard drivefrom the camera and place it into thecomputer.2F:Select Open... from the File menu.Select one of the photographs from thememory card or hard drive card. Thecomputer will attempt to locate the target.2G:If the target is not located by the computer,make sure at least two sides of the targetare clearly visible in the photograph. Ifnot, repeat steps 2C through 2F.If two sides are clearly visible andautomatic target location is stillunsuccessful, select TargetProperties from the Measure menu andturn Autofind Target off (a blank checkbox). Then, Using Select, outline theborder of the target cube in thephotograph, then select Autofind Targetfrom the Measure menu.If the target cannot be located afterselecting the target outline and then usingAutofind Target, then the target may belocated manually, as detailed in theinstruction manual (pg.101-102).2H:Repeat steps 2F and 2G for eachphotograph.Step 3: Identify the MeasurementArea3A:Choose Select from the Edit menu.3B:Outline theborder of themeasurementarea. Keeponly wholesquares orcircles, including extending lines.3C:Choose Trim from the Edit menu.3D:Repeat steps 3A and 3C for each photograph.The areas selected must have points incommon.Step 4: Edit the Images4A:Connect allbroken grid lines.4B:Remove darkareas at gridintersections.4C:Break all lineswhich are notgrid connections.4D:Extend lines onthe outside ofgridintersections.4E:Select Thin from the Measure menu.4F: UsingSelect , outline the border of themeasurement leaving line ends outside the boundary.Good: line endsremain aftercleaningPoor: line endsremoved by cleaning4G: SelectClean from the Measure menu.4H:Draw missinglines and lineends. After drawing repeat step 4E.4I:Remove extra line ends.4J: Break loops andlines that are not gridconnections. Repeat steps 4E through 4I.4K: Repeat steps 4A through 4J for eachphotograph.Step 5: Map the Images5A: SelectMap Grid from the Measure menu.The computer will automatically map the grid.5B: To view the mapped mesh, selectIdentify Grid from the Measure menu. To return to edit mode select Identify Grid again.5C: If the mapped mesh does not match thegrid pattern, repeat steps 4E through 4J.5D: Repeat steps 5A through 5C for eachphotograph.Step 6: Finishing theMeasurement6A: SelectIdentify Grid from theMeasure menu.6B: Select, on the mappedgrid, an intersection near a known reference point.6C: Select a diagonallyadjacent intersection.6D: Repeat steps 6A through 6C for each ofthe photographs. The same reference points must be used for all photographs.6E: SelectMeasure from the Measuremenu. All photographs currently open will be used to calculate the measurement.6F: The measurement is complete. Ageometry window will automatically open with the results.Measurement Reference CardVersion 4.12ASAME Target Model21(Hawolgok-dong), Jongam-ro 36ga-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-130 Rep. of KOREA Te l. : 82-2-911-2152 F a x.: 82-2-911-2153h t t p://ww w.a sam et e E m a i l : a tsu pp o rt @a sam e te 。
CARDS研究
Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685-96.
仅供内部使用
患者基线特征（一）
Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685-96.
仅供内部使用
患者基线特征（二）
Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685-96.
阿托伐他汀(n=1428)
0
1
2 3 随访时间（年）
4
4.75
Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685-96.
仅供内部使用
阿托伐他汀10mg相比安慰剂降低心血管事件终点
相对风险下降32% (95% CI, -45至-15) P = 0.001 累积风险率（%） 安慰剂(n=1410)
仅供内部使用
阿托伐他汀10mg治疗组和安慰剂组血脂谱改变情况
仅供内部使用
阿托伐他汀10mg相比安慰剂降低主要心血管事件风险
15
相对风险下降37% (95% CI, 17–52) P = 0.001
安慰剂(n=1410) 127 事件
累积风险, (%)
10
5
阿托伐他汀(n=1428) 83 事件
0
在阿托伐他汀糖尿病合作研究（CARDS）中阿托伐他汀 用于2型糖尿病的心血管疾病一级预防：一项多中心随机 安慰剂对照试验
审批号 68,711.022 有效期至2014年12月24日
仅供内部使用研究背景和目的zFra bibliotek研究背景
– 2型糖尿病与心血管疾病风险增加有关，但是他汀降脂治疗 在糖尿病的心血管一级预防中的作用尚未得到充分验证。
F2 Management Accounting 应知应会单词
F2Management Accounting应知应会单词——By Golden Finance Chapter1Decision-making决策Decline减少Long-term strategic planning长期战略规划Chapter2Attendance record考勤记录Census普查Cluster sampling整群抽样/整群抽样法Continuous data连续性数据Data sources数据源Data types数据类型Discrete data离散性数据Investment centres投资中心Multistage sampling多层抽样法Multistage sampling多步骤抽样Population群体；总体Primary data原始数据；原始资料；一手资料Qualitative定性的Quantitative定量的Quasi-半（用以构成复合词）Quota sampling配额抽样Random numbers随机数Sampling取样；抽样Sampling frame样本框Scatter diagrams散点图；散形图Secondary data二手数据Stratified sampling分层抽样Systematic sampling系统抽样；等距抽样Chapter3Bar chart条形图Component bar chart成分柱状图Compound bar chart复合柱状图Moving averages移动平均Multiple bar chart多重条状图Pie chart饼状图；扇形图Chapter4Administration管理；行政Committed cost承诺成本Committed fixed costs承诺支出的固定费用Composite codes复合编码Composite index numbers复合索引号码Controllable cost可控成本Controllable profit可控利润Cost成本Cost accounting成本会计Cost accounting department成本核算部门Cost accounts成本账户Cost behaviour成本性态Cost behaviour and levels of activity成本性态与活动量Cost behaviour assumptions成本性态前提假设Cost behaviour patterns成本性态模式Cost behaviour principles成本性态原则Cost centre成本中心Cost codes成本代码Cost object成本对象Cost of appraisal成本评估Cost reduction成本减少Cost unit成本单位Curvilinear variable costs曲线变动成本法Direct costs直接成本Direct expenses直接费用Direct labour直接人工Fixed cost固定成本High Low Method高低点法Indirect间接Indirect expenses间接费用Indirect materials间接材料Indirect wages间接工资Memorandum report备忘录Non-controllable cost s不可控成本Price价格（多指单价）Production cost生产成本Responsibility center责任中心Semi-variable cost半变动成本Stepped Fixed costs阶梯成本Trace ability可描性；追溯性Variable cost变量成本Chapter5Bin card库存记录卡Bulk discount大宗购买Continuous stocktaking连续盘存Delivery note送货单Deteriorating inventory质量下降的存货Direct material直接材料Economic batch quantity经济批量Economic order quantity经济订货量FIFO（First in,first out)先入先出Free inventory可用库存GRN；goods received note收货单Idle time闲置时间Incentive schemes激励计划Job cards作业卡Labour turnover劳工周转Maximum level最高存货水平Minimum level最低存货水平oder costs订单成本Periodic stocktaking定期盘存Perpetuity永续性Perpetuity永续盘存Reorder level再订货水平Slow-moving inventories呆滞库存Stock out cost缺货成本Store requisition领料单Transfers and returns of material材料的转移和返回Weighted average pricing加权平均定价法Chapter6Activity ratio生产业务量比率（同production volume ratio）Capacity ratio产能比率Clock card出勤卡Daily time sheets每日工作时间表Day-rate system日付工资系统Direct wages直接人工（蓝领）Group bonus schemes团体奖金计划Individual bonus schemes个人奖金计划Motivation激励overtime premium加班奖金Remuneration methods报酬方法Replacement costs重置成本Chapter7Absorption costing吸收成本法Activity based costing；ABC作业成本法Allocation分配Apportioned costs已分摊成本Cost drivers成本动因Cost pools成本池Departmental absorption rates部门吸收率Distribution overhead运输间接费用Job cost card作业成本卡Job costing作业成本法over-absorption超额分配Overhead经常费用；杂项费用Chapter8Contribution贡献Job costing for internal services内部服务成本计量Chapter9Abnormal gain异常收益Abnormal loss异常损失By-product副产品Equivalent units同等数量Joint product联产品Process costing分布成本法Scrap value废料价值Split off point费用分配点（分离点）weighted average cost method加权平均成本法Chapter10Appraisal costs评估成本Batch costing整批成本法Continuous improvement不断改进Cost of conformance成本Cost of external failure外部失败成本（货物售后）Cost of internal failure内部失败成本（货物出厂前）Cost of non-conformance违规的成本Cost of prevention避免次品成本Cost of quality保证质量成本Cost per service unit每服务单位的成本Cost plus pricing成本+定价法Cumulative weighted average pricing累计加权平均定价法Least squares method最小二乘法Linear equations线性等数Lines of best fit最佳拟合曲线Marginal costing边际成本法Pricing定价法Profit margin利润率Total quality management(TQM)全面质量管理（TQM）Chapter11Additive model加法模型Chain base method链基数方法Coefficient of determination决定系数Consumer Prices Index(CPI)消费价格指数Correlation相关性Correlation and causation相关性和因果关系Correlation coefficient相关系数Correlation in a time series时间序列里的相关性Cyclical variations周期变动Deseasonalisation去季节性影响Index numbers指数Laspeyre indices拉式指数Paasche indices帕氏指数positive correlation正相关Regression lines and time series回归线和时间序列Retail price index零售物价指数Seasonal variations季节差异Weighted aggregate indices加权综合指数Chapter12Aspiration level期望水平Aspirations budget愿望预算Budget committee预算委员会Budget manual预算指南Budget period预算期间Budgetary control预算控制Budgetary slack预算松弛Cell单元格Column列Corporate objectives公司目标Corporate planning公司计划Cost behaviour and budgeting成本性态与预算Departmental budgets部门预算Discretionary fixed costs可自由处置固定成本Dysfunctional decision making破坏性的想法Expectations budget期望预算Goal congruence目标一致Life cycle costing生命周期成本Participative budgeting参与式预算Spreadsheet电子表格Chapter13Cash budget现金Cash budget现金流预算Cost behaviour and decision making成本性态与决策Discounted cash flow现金流贴现Chapter14Avoidable costs可避免的成本Break-even收支平衡Capital expenditure资产性支出Capital income资产性收入Capital transactions资产性收入Cost of capital资金成本Discounted cash flow(DCF)techniques现金贴现方法Discounted payback method贴现还本方法Discounting贴现Net present value净现值Non-relevant costs不相关成本opportunity cost机会成本Rectification Cost改正成本Running cost营运成本Sunk cost沉没成本Chapter15Attainable standard可达到的标准Basic standard基础标准Control控制Control process控制流程Control ratios控制比率Cost behaviour and cost control成本性态与控制Cost control成本控制Cost gap成本差异Differential cost差异成本Direct labour cost variances直接人工成本差异Direct labour efficiency variance直接人工效率差异Direct labour rate variance直接单位人工差异Direct labour total variance直接人工总差异Direct material price variance直接材料定价差异Direct material total variance直接材料费用总差异Direct material usage variance直接材料使用率差异Directly attributable fixed costs直接产生的固定费用Directly attributable overhead直接产生的间接费用Standard cost标准成本Chapter16Accounts payable payment period应付帐款付款期Accounts receivable collection period应收帐款收款期Acid test ratio速动比率（同quick ratio）Asset turnover资产周转率Average age of working capital周转期（同Working capital period）Critical success factor主要成功因素Customer service客户服务Mission使命Working capital period周转期Chapter17Balanced scorecard平衡记分卡Benchmarking标杆管理Cost/sales ratios成本销售比率Current ratio流动比率Current standards现有标准Debt ratios负债比率Interest cover利息覆盖Inventory turnover库存流通率Inventory turnover period库存周转周期Liquidity ratios流动比率Performance measurment业绩测量Profit sharing schemes利润分享计划Quick ratio速动比率Residual income剩余收益Return on capital employed(ROCE)资本回报率Return on investment(ROI)投资回报率Value analysis价值分析Value engineering价值工程。
SSAT考试常见问题
SSAT考试常见问题SSAT考试是进入美国中学的重要考试，但是对于SSAT考试，还是有很多同学存有疑问，为此文都国际教育小编为大家整理了SSAT考试常见问题，希望对大家有所帮助。
有关SSAT考试注册问题：Q: 怎么注册SSAT考试?A: 在线注册,网址为 ; 或者在注册截止日前,写信或传真一张填写完整的申请表到SSAT。
Q: 怎么确认注册?A: 有SSAT Admission Ticket (准考证)即表示你已成功注册报名，并且进考场时要出示准考证。
Q: 怎样修改我的注册信息?A: 在线修改, 进入SSAT官网后在“Manage My Account”这个页面进行修改，也可以写信，电子邮件或传真到SSAT修改。
修改学生信息或者是联系信息除了在线修改外还可以写邮件SSAT，地址info@加送成绩或者取消成绩报告，可以在线操作，写信传真的话可以进官网的“Add/Cancel Scores ”页面填写Add/Cancel Scores Order form修改考试日期或者考试地点的，进入官网的“Change Requests”页面填写表格后寄送到SSAT。
Q：如果报名后却没能参加考试，该如何取消呢?A：如果你因为某些原因报名后却没能参加该场考试，那么报名费是不会退还的，但是你可以转换到另一个日期考试。
可以写邮件到info@说明你的要求，或者使用Change Requests Form有关SSAT考试费用问题：Q：怎么付费?A：线上注册的使用信用卡付费，VISA和Mastercard都可以。
Q：SSAT会退款吗?A：不会退款，但是如果你报名后却没能参加该场考试，可以选择另一个时间考试.有关SSAT考试准备：Q：怎么准备SSAT考试?A：SSAT出了一本指导书。
内容是Preparing and Applying contains，包括模拟题，成绩解答，题目解读等。
本书并不在外发售，如需要购买请联系我们。
Q：考试时间是怎样的?A：早上九点开始考试，要求考生在8点半之前到达考场以便核对准考证信息等。
BBS-安全行为观察(英文版)
Obstacles To Success:
Poorly Maintained Facilities Top-down Management Practices Poor Planning/Execution Inadequate Training
Keys to Success:
Meaningful Employee Empowerment
same manner as production, quality, and cost issues!
Safety is not driven through
continuous improvement!
“Fallacies or Realities” in Safety Fables?
Conditions cause accidents! Enforcing rules improves safety! Safety professionals can keep workers safe! Low accident rates indicate safety
Human behavior is both:
Observable Measurable
therefore
Behavior can be managed !
Attitudes
Are inside a person’s head -
therefore they are not
observable or measurable
problems Training/helping Teaching to solve
problems Much information Approachability Recognition
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Safety is Forethought in all ActionsBehavior Change Adusting /Stoping the JobLock out EquipmentTask FocusTool and EquipmentTools Easily Accissible Correct Tool for JobCondition of Tools for the JobProper Use of ToolsLO/TO Isolation EquipmentEye ProtectionHand ProtectionFall ProtectionFoot ProtectionFace ProtectionTorso PretectionEar ProtectionHead ProtectionRepetitive Motions 吸入有害物质过重荷重LiftingFlamers/HeaterEletrical Shock被物体砸到Area is Organized Are slip ,Trip,Fall Hazard Present程序没有程序不被知道/了解程序没有被遵守Note & CommentsDate______ Time ________ Observer Task Observered____________ Position Observered_______________SSA Observation CardSafe CommentsUnsafe CommentsPPE (Personal Protective Equipment)Ergnomics & Body PostionArea Onerlines & ProceduresAdusting PPE
check Green Square If Safe 安全打勾绿方块Check Red Diamond if Unsafe不安全
Initial Behaviors/Actions 最初行为/动作
esent
不安全打勾红宝石