Sensor introduce
Visual compliance task-directed visual servo control
Andres Casta~o Seth Hutchinson n andres@ seth@ The Beckman Institute Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801
Abstract
In this paper we introduce visual compliance, a new vision-based control scheme that lends itself to task-level speci cation of manipulation goals. Visual compliance is e ected by a hybrid vision/position control structure. Speci cally, the two degrees of freedom parallel to the image plane of a supervisory camera are controlled using visual feedback, and the remaining degree of freedom (perpendicular to the camera image plane) is controlled using position feedback provided by the robot joint encoders. With visual compliance, the motion of the end e ector is constrained so that the tool center of the end e ector maintains \contact" with a speci ed projection ra. This type of constrained motion can be exploited for grasping, parts mating, and assembly. We begin by deriving the projection equations for the vision system. We then derive equations used to position the manipulator prior to the execution of visual compliant motion. Following this, we derive the hybrid Jacobian matrix that is used to e ect visual compliance. Experimental results are given for a number of scenarios, including grasping using visual compliance.
毕业论文范文(优秀模板)
生产计划与控制方法在BA 汽车零部件有限公司的应用摘要：随着全球经济一体化的不断深入、科学技术的迅猛发展以及贸易阻力的不断减少，企业间的竞争不断加剧。
因此，企业如何缩短生产周期、提高生产效率、杜绝物料浪费、降低成本成了摆在管理者面前一个至关重要的问题。
生产计划作为企业生产管理的依据，有着非常重要的作用。
本文探讨了生产计划与控制理论在温州BA汽配有限公司的应用。
首先, 本文介绍了生产计划与控制相关理论以及该企业的一些现状, 然后重点分析了BA汽配的主打产品空气流量计的生产工艺过程, 最后制定出了该产品的主生产计划和物料需求计划, 减少了工时浪费, 避免了等待等不合理现象的出现, 从而缩短了交货期, 提高了效率。
关键词: 生产计划；空气流量计；主生产计划；物料需求计划Application of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements PlanningApplication of Production Planning and Controlmethod in BA Automobile Parts CompanyAbstract:with the continuing global economic integration in-depth，the rapid development of technology and the steady decline of barriers to trade in the market environment，the increasing competition between enterprises are become much more fierce．Therefore, how to shorten the cycle of production enterprises, i mprove the production efficiency, eliminate waste materials, reducethe cost before managers have become an important problem. Production plan according to the production managementas the enterprise, has a very important role.In this paper, we introduce the use of the production plan and control theory in wenzhou BA Auto parts Co.Ltd. Firstly, this paper introduces the production planand control and the related theory and some present situation of the enterprise, and then analyzes the status quo of the BA auto air flow flagship of production process, and finally worked out the master production system and material requirements planning, reduce the waste, to avoid the waiting for hours as the unreasonable phenomena, which shortens the delivery time, improve efficiency.Keywords:Production Planning；Air Flow Sensor；Master Production System；Material Requirements Planning。
冷库温控器
亮on
压缩机工作
compressor work
化霜指示灯
Defrost indicator light
灭off
化霜停止
Defrost stop
闪烁blinking
化霜滴水
Defrost drip
亮on
化霜工作
Defrost work
用户菜单
UserMenus
功能
Function
设定范围
Set range
0
F4
化霜周期计算方式
Relative Humidity Sensor HS 1100 HS 1101 产品说明书
Based on a unique capacitive cell, these relative humidity sensors are designed for high volume, cost sensitive applications such as air control, home appliances, and industrial process control systems also useful in all applications where humidity compensation is needed.●High reliability and long term stability ●Patented solid polymer structure●Suitable for linear voltage or frequency output circuitry ●Fast response time●Individual marking for compliance to stringent traceability requirements(1) soldering temperature profiles available on requestM AXIMUM RATINGS (Ta= 25°C unless otherwise noted)C HARACTERISTICS(Ta = 25°C, measurement frequency @ 10kHz unless otherwise noted)TEMPERATURE IN °C100755025R E L A T I V E H U M I D I T Y I N %P E D I T I O NSC HARACTERISTICS (CONT’D)P ROPORTIONAL VOLTAGE OUTPUT CIRCUITCalibration data are traceable to NIST standards through CETIAT laboratory.Measurement frequency : 10kHzTa = 25°CPolynomial response : C(pf)=C@55%*(1.2510-7RH 3-1.3610-5RH 2+2.1910-3RH+9.010-1)Measurement frequency influenceInthisdatasheet,*******************************************,thesensorcanoperatewithoutrestrictionfrom5kHz to 100kHz. To calculate the influence of frequency on capacitance measurements :C@fkHz=C@10kHz(1.027-0.01185Ln(fkHz))PolarizationIn order to get a better reproducibility during measurements, always connect the case of the header (pin 2) to the ground of the circuit.The case of the header is located on the opposite side of the tab.Soldering instructions : see the Application Note HPC007Internal Block DiagramTypical Characteristics for Voltage Output CircuitAt V cc 5V - 25°CV out =V cc *(0.00474*%RH+0.2354)for 5 - 99% RHTypical temperature coefficient :+0.1% RH/°C - From 10 to 60°CDEMO BOARD AVAILABLE ON REQUEST (REF HM1510)RH in % RHF REQUENCY O UTPUT C IRCUITSCOMMENTSThis circuit is the typical astable design for 555. The HS1100/HS1101, used as varia-ble capacitor, is connected to the TRIG and THRES pin. Pin 7 is used as a short circuitpin for resistor R4.The H S1100/H S1101 equivalent capacitor is charged through R2 and R4 to thethreshold voltage (approximately 0.67Vcc) and discharged through R2 only to the trig-ger level (approximately 0.33Vcc) since R4 is shorten to ground by pin 7.Since the charge and discharge of the sensor run through different resistors, R2 andR4, the duty cycle is determined by :t high = C@%RH*(R2+R4)*ln2t low= C@%RH*R2*ln2F = 1/(t high+t low) = 1/(C@%RH*(R4+2*R2)*ln2)Output duty cycle = t high*F = R2/(R4+2*R2)To provide an output duty cycle close to 50%, R4 should be very low compared to R2but never under a minimum value.Resistor R3 is a short circuit protection. 555 must be a CMOS version.REMARKR1 unbalances the internal temperature compensation scheme of the555 in order to introduce a temperature coefficient that matches theHS1100/HS1101 temperature coefficient. In all cases, R1 should be a 1%resistor with a maximum of 100ppm coefficient temperature like allother R-C timer resistors. Since 555 internal temperature compensationchanges from one trademark to one other, R1 value should be adaptedto the specific chip. To keep the nominal frequency of 6660Hz at 55%RH,R2 also needs slight adjustment as shown in the table.For a frequency of 6660Hz at 55%RHTypical Characteristics for Frequency Output CircuitsREFERENCE POINT AT 6660Hz FOR 55%RH / 25°CTypical for a 555 Cmos type. TLC555 (RH : Relative Humidity in %, F : Frequency in Hz)Polynomial response :F mes(Hz)= F55(Hz)(1.1038-1.936810-3*RH+3.011410-6*RH2-3.440310-8*RH3) Measurement ErrorvsStray CapacitanceA special attention is requiredin order to minimize straycapacitance in the layout.The added capacitance willact as a parallel capacitancewith the sensor and create ameasurement error.Stray capacitance (pF)Errorin%RH●Q UALIFICATION PROCESS- H S1100/H S1101 sensors have been qualified through a complete qualification process taking in account many of the requirements of the MIL STD750 including :●Environmental and recycling information :- HS1100/HS1101 sensors are lead free components- HS1100/HS1101 sensors are free of Cr (VI), Cd and Hg.Solder heat and solderabilityWave soldering at 260°C + DI water clean at 45°C Mechanical shock - 1500 g, 5 blows, 3 directionsVibration - Variable (F = 100 - 2000Hz), fixed (F = 35Hz)Constant acceleration Marking permanencyESD - Electrostatic Discharge - H uman boby & Machine modelSalt Atmosphere MIL STD750/Method 1041/96 hours Temperature Cycling - 40°C / +85°CHigh Temperature / Humidity Operating Life - 93%RH / 60°C for 1000 hoursLow humidity storage life - RH < 10%/23°C - 1000 hours Resistance to immersion in water at ambient temperature and 80°C - 160 hoursResistance to acid vapors at 75000 ppm for nitric, sulfuric and chlorhydric acidsResistance to many chemicals linked with home appliances/automotive or consumer applications.The information in this sheet has been carefully reviewed and is believed to be accurate;however, no responsability is assumed for inaccuracies.Furthermore, this information does not convey to the purchaser of such devices any license under the patent rights to the manufacturer.Humirel reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any product herein.Humirel makes no warranty,representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its product for any particular purpose, nor does Humirel assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages.« T ypical » parameters can and do vary in different applications.All operating parameters, including « Typical » must be validated for each customer applications by customer’s technical experts.Humirel does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.Humirel products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other application intended to support or sustain life, or for any application in which the failure of the Humirel product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.Should buyer purchase or use Humirel products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Humirel and its officers, employees, subsidaries, affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of presonal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Humirel was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part.Humirel is a registred trade mark of Humirel.ORDERING INFORMATION :HS 1100 : HPP 800 A 001 (MULTIPLE PACKAGE QUANTITY OF 50 PIECES)HS 1101 : HPP 801 A 001 (MULTIPLE PACKAGE QUANTITY OF 48 PIECES)CAPACITIVE RELATIVE HUMIDITY SENSOR.email:*****************SAMPLE KIT OF HS1100-HS1101IS AVAILABLE THROUGH HUMIREL WEB SITEAll these tests are regularly performed on different lots from production. More information are available on request。
Compressive data gathering for large-scale wireless sensor networks-包括大规模的负载平衡-sjtu-msra
Feng Wu
Microsoft Research Asia No.49 Zhichun Road Beijing, CHINA 10019 Sun
Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai, CHINA 200240
Compressive Data Gathering for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
Chong Luo
Shanghai Jiao Tong University No.800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai, CHINA 200240 Microsoft Research Asia No.49 Zhichun Road Beijing, CHINA 100190
The need for energy consumption load balancing is also clear because of the required multi-hop data transmission for such large scale sensor networks. Fig. 1 shows such a network where sensors are densely deployed in the region of interest and monitor the environment on a regular basis. A simple but typical example is the highlighted route in Fig. 1. Suppose N sensors, denoted as s1 , s2 , ..., and sN form a multi-hop route to the sink. Let dj denote the readings obtained by node sj . The intuitive way to transmit dj , j = 1, 2, ...N to the sink is through multi-hop relay as depicted in Fig. 2(a). Node s1 transmits its reading d1 to s2 , and s2 transmits both its reading d2 and the relayed reading d1 to s3 . At the end of the route, sN transmits all N readings to the sink. It can be observed that the closer a sensor is to the sink, the more energy is consumed. Clearly, the sensor nodes closer to the data sink will soon run out of energy and lifetime of sensor network will be significantly shortened. This paper presents the first complete design to apply compressive sampling theory [13][4][7] to sensor data gathering for large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), successfully addressing the two major challenges as outlined above. First, the proposed data gathering is able to achieve substantial sensor data compression without introducing excessive computation and control overheads. With elegant design, the proposed scheme is also able to disperse the communication costs to all sensor nodes along a given sensor data gathering route. This will result in a natural load balancing and extend the lifetime of the sensor network. The basic idea of the proposed compressive data gathering (CDG) is depicted in Fig. 2(b). Instead of receiving individual sensor readings, the sink will be sent a few weighted sums of all the readings, from which to restore the original data. To transmit the ith sum to the sink, s1 multiplies its reading d1 with a random coefficient φi1 and sends the product to s2 . Upon receiving this message, s2 multiplies its reading d2 with a random coefficient φi2 and then sends the sum φi1 d1 + φi2 d2 to s3 . Similarly, each node sj contributes to the relayed message by adding its own product. Finally, the sink receives N j =1 φij dj , a weighted sum of all the readings. This process is repeated using M sets of different weights so that the sink will receive M weighted sums. With such design, all nodes transmit M messages and consume same amount of energy. Each node only performs one addition and one multiplication in order to compute one weighted sum. Comparing Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b), careful
全贴合工艺介绍
cell kitting
FQC2
静置
24H UV固化
CG成品膜 贴附
FPC贴附
CG+cell贴合
FQC1 气泡
VHB&摄像孔 保护膜贴附
下料检验 覆CG制程膜
脱泡
Function test TP+LCM
OQC
外观检验
OCA全贴合工艺流程OGS/GFF/GG/…
TP
TP测试
TP kitting
TP+OCA贴合
优点： 更佳的显示效果; 全贴合技术取消了屏幕间的空气;能大幅降低光线反射 减少 透出光线损耗从而提升亮度;增强屏幕的显示效果;
屏幕隔绝灰尘和水汽; 普通贴合方式的空气层容易受环境的粉尘和水汽污染;影 响机器使用；而全贴合OCA胶填充了空隙;显示面板与触摸屏紧密贴合;粉尘和水 汽无处可入;保持了屏幕的洁净度;
自动真空贴合机
自动真空贴合机是通过靶标对位PASS后;将腔体内抽真空到5pa;TP载板顶起 使 LCM与TP贴合; LCM与TP贴合后残留气泡为真空泡;在大气压作用下会渐渐 变少;达到自动脱泡效果；目前为了增强OCA粘性;TP载板为可调温度加热板;
水胶贴合机
全贴合常见不良
Particle异物 Fiber毛屑 Dirty脏污 Bubble气泡 Misalignment对位偏移 Function test fail 功能不良
HTH
SGL 贴合机 自动真空贴合机
全贴合关键设备STH
半自动滚轮贴合机
OCA吸 附上网板
电源 开关
CG/TP上料 台面
C
OCA 上料台
面
全贴合关键设备HTH
自动滚轮贴合机
CG/TP 手臂
外文翻译---在战争中移动代理的通信中间件对于数据流作用
A MOBILE AGENT-BASED COMMUNICATIONSMIDDLEWAREFOR DATA STREAMING IN THE BATTLEFIELDABSTRACTIn this paper we introduce the FlexFeed framework in the context of military combat operations. FlexFeed realizesthe notion of Agile Computing for streaming data communicationsand implements a flexible, robust and efficient]publish/subscribe infrastructure for dynamic ad hoc environmentunder resource and policy constraints. Theframework uses mobile software agents for underlyingconfiguration and policy enforcement. The paper illustratesthe effectiveness of the framework with quantitativeexperiments over simulated scenarios.INTRODUCTIONDependable communication capabilities are amongst the most important technical requirements for mission successin military operations. Complex missions involving coalitionforces, robotic support units, remote sensor beds andautonomous vehicles will require underlying communicationinfrastructures that are more flexible, efficient, androbust in order successfully operate in the face of enemyattacks.Most communications between peers in the battlefield areeither to exchange state and environmental information orto relay command and control messages. State informationincludes, for instance, relative position of troops and vehicles(enemy and friendly), sensor data from unmanned vehiclesor sensor beds, situation data, etc. This type of datais often transmitted as streams of arbitrary durations, suchas video-feeds from a camera sensor or continuous GPSposition data from moving vehicles or troops.Furthermore, the communications infrastructure must adjustto changes in overall mission goals and operationstempo. During monitoring and recognition missions, conservingpower might be the primary objective function toextend the life of network resources. However, as engagementtakes place, the communications infrastructure mayneed to quickly shift into a high performance mode to effectivelysupport and optimize the kill chain as the primaryobjective.In this paper we present FlexFeed, a mobile-agent basedcommunications framework, applied to the battlefield scenario.Our proposal leverages from years of research in thefields of mobile ad hoc networks and intelligent softwareagents to build an efficient, self-configurable, and selfhealingcommunications network for these types of environments.After an introductory description of the environment andsystem requirements, we will discuss the related work inthis area and the concepts proposed in FlexFeed. A briefdescription of the implementation details of frameworkwill be then followed by case studies, presented and experimentallyevaluated on a simulated network to illustrateFlexFeed capabilities.COMMUNICATIONS IN THE BATTLEFIELDAs part of the Army’s Objective Force to be deployedwithin the next decade, Future Combat Systems (FCS) isenvisioned as a system of systems that will integrate severallightweight, highly mobile components including newgenerations of manned and unmanned military vehicles, hese light vehicleswill partially replace heavy armored slower vehiclesin order to bring unprecedented levels of dynamism andagility to the combat theater.Furthermore, FCS operations will heavily rely on informationsuperiority to quickly take control of the battlefield and react to enemy movements and changesof strategy. This capability depends on the notion of universaltasking, where resources and information are directlyavailable at any timeto the edge warriors and commandersin the field.An enabling key-capability for this vision is an efficientand adaptive communications infrastructure to support andextend edge warrior capabilities and provide access tocritical information at any time, while at the same timeensuring optimal resource utilization and security both atthe infrastructure and information levels. Figure 1 shows aschematic view of some of the elements involved in theseeypes of operations.In general, a communications model capable of supportingFCS requirements is an ad-hoc publish/subscribe model.Soldiers and systems in the network will subscribe to sen2of 8 data and state information to plan and coordinate localtasks in response to high level instructions from the commandand control center.Figure 1 –Communications infrastructure in the battlefieldBased on FCS requirements, an appropriate data communicationsframework must be capable of satisfying the followingrequirements:a) Ad hoc: In most cases, as illustrated in figure 1, networksbetween nodes will be ad hoc, formed by proximityduring the operation itself. The communications infrastructuremust not depend on pre-established infrastructuralcomponents or centralized management stations. This capabilityis important both from a scalability and robustnessperspective, eliminating (or mitigating) single points offailure in the network.b) Efficiency: Communications and computational resourcesin the battlefield are expected to be limited andoften times, battery operated. Ad hoc sensor beds andsmall autonomous vehicles deployed during the operationwill have a life-span strictly limited by their battery life. Inmost cases, it is imperative that the communications infrastructure operate efficiently across different types of applicationsand scenarios to extend the life of network resources.c) Heterogeneity: Systems in the battlefield tend varygreatly in terms of computation and communications capabilities.Lightweight attack vehicles, small robotic units,and unmanned aerial vehicles will all have different degreesof computation and sensing capabilities andaccess tothe wireless environment.d) Application-aware Capabilities: A common limitation inmost communications frameworks currently available isthe lack of interaction between applications and theunderlyingdata transmission protocols. This limitation is oftenaccepted in lieu of the benefit of layer isolation and inmaking protocols interchangeable. For improved efficiencyhowever, the communications infrastructure canand should benefit from data-aware protocols at all levels.d) Robustness to External Attacks: The communicationsinfrastructure must be able to resist to both physical andnetwork attacks. Degradation with loss of communicationresources must be graceful and most importantly, must beselective. Special types of operations and tasks that arecritical to the overall operation must have precedence overless relevant tasks. This requirement goes beyond theconventionalnotion of quality of service in data networks.Ideally, the framework must be aware of the importance ofdata transmission not only in terms of data-type, source,and destination, but also in terms of high level goals andmission OPTEMPO in order to makeprioritization decisions.c) Robustness to Environmental Changes: The environmentalconditions, topology, and size of the network willvary significantly. In the battlefield, nodes can arbitrarilyjoin and leave the network. Nodes can be physically destroyedor made unavailable at any time. Anappropriatecommunications infrastructure must be able to cope withthese changes quickly and efficiently.e) Reactive and Proactive OPTEMPO Adaptability: Theframework must also be able to properly adapt to changein overall mission goals or situation in the battlefield. Forinstance, changes in operational tempo can be eitherpushed to or autonomously detected by framework nodes,which should automatically result in changes in the communicationsbehavior. Forinstance, when precursors ofengagement are identified, the framework, in accordancewith global policies, must autonomously switch from apower efficient mode a low latency, high performancemode to support combat systems.f) Proactive Resource Manipulation for Survivability andImproved Efficiency: This notion was initially proposedwithin the context of Agile Computing (Suri, 2002). It refersto the notion of granting the framework with the abilityto proactively manipulate physical (or logical) resourcesin the framework in order to recover criticalconnectivity segments or to significantly improve performance.g) High Level Policies for Monitoring and Control: From ahuman perspective, monitoring and control of such complexsystems is a very difficult task. An appropriate frameworkfor these types of systems must support interfaces topolicy infrastructures that would allow humans to easilydefine and establish constraints and obligations to regulatethe overalloperation of the framework. From an optimizationperspective, most policies would ultimately result inlow level constraints taken into account by the frameworkwhen deciding about resource allocation.In the last few years, a number of research proposals havebeen introduced to address some of these mon to most of them is the notion of a customizablepublish/subscribe communications mechanism capable toefficiently support messaging and data streaming.RELATED WORKConventional topic-based publish/subscribe systems suchas such as Vitria (Skeen, 1998), TPS (Eugster et al., 2001)3 of 8and JORAM (Maistre, 2003) leveraged form multicast protocolsand the assumption of a clear hierarchy on data andevents to build efficient multicast groups for topic-baseddata distribution. Multicast based protocols often providean efficient solution to the problem but they assume thatonly nodes participating in the multicast group wouldshare the data for distribution (at the level of the multicasttree). Furthermore, most multicast protocols assume data(or events) to be strictly hierarchical and processing capabilitiesfor data transformation within the hierarchy mustbe available a priori at all nodes.A number of gossip-based (or epidemic) protocols werealso proposed in the same context (Lin and Marzullo,1999; Ganesh et al., 2001; Eugster et al., 2003). In general, these are efficient and scalable protocols but assume nodata hierarchy and often make no attempt for cost or constraintoptimization based on data stream aggregationandfiltering.Multicast protocols specifically designed for peer-to-peernetworks such Scribe (Rowstron et al., 2001) and HiCan(Ratnasamy et al., 2001) came to solve scalability issues inaddressing and group coordination. They too, however,assumed that only nodes subscribedto the multicast groupwould participate in the multicast tree and that data processingcapabilities are available at all nodes a priori.Alternatives to the multicast option were also proposed atthe level of unicast routing in the form of data-aware customizedad hoc routing protocols. An important exampleof these types of data-centric routing protocols is DirectedDiffusion (Intanagonwiwat et al. 2000). The Directed Diffusionprotocol proposes a highly scalable data-aware decentralizedrouting algorithm. The protocol supports thecreation of data distribution trees including nodes that arenot directly subscribing for the data. The protocol, however,also assumes that data transformation capabilities areavailable a priori at each node, which is not a realistic assumptionfor the types of environments envisioned in FCS.More recently, Baehni et al. (2004) proposed a data-awaremulticast protocol (daMulticast) for peer-to-peer networks.The approach leveraged from some of thedata-centrictechniques for data description and group membership,significantly improving reliability and at the same timereducing the memory complexity involved in maintaininggroup membership at each node.In the most part, the approaches share the notion of usingdata-aware techniques for resource or performance optimization.The problem, however, is that data-aware frameworksare usually highly customized to a set of applicationsor data types, often requiring significant time andeffort to support new scenarios or capabilities. In manycases, such changes are not even possible, as hardwaremight have been already deployed or might be under externaladministrative control, like in the case of combat orMilitary Operations Other than War (MOOTW) coalitionoperations.THE FLEXFEED FRAMEWORKIn this paper we propose FlexFeed, a mobile-agent basedcommunications framework designed to support highlycustomized data streams in mobile ad-hoc network environmentsunder policy and resource constraints.The concepts implemented in FlexFeed were first introducedby Carvalho et al. (2002). The fundamental ideas ofthe framework are based on the concepts of Agile Computing(Suri, 2002) where network and system resources areopportunistically exploited to transparently support applicationrequests in a manner that is efficient, robust, andadaptable to changes in the environment.The FlexFeed framework is essentially based on three coreconcepts: a) Opportunistic resource exploitation; b) Flexibilityand run time self-configuration via on-demand codeand process migration; and c) In-stream data processing.Inthe framework, these capabilities are combined and extendedto address the requirements identified in the typesof environments expected in FCS.The framework uses data-aware mobile agents to bettercustomize multicast trees and to provide in-stream dataprocessing (i.e. to take advantage of the multi-hop natureof the communications path in these types of environmentsto distribute computation data processing loads). Specializedagents can be injected in the framework by authorizedparties at run-time, allowing for great flexibility and supportof highly specialized data streams. The overall behaviorof the framework is regulated by high level policiesdefined, verified, and distributed by an integrated policyinfrastructure designed for multi-agent systems. A proof-concept version of the FlexFeed framework was developedand tested both in simulated and physical environments.The framework was also demonstrated in actuallive exercises conducted by theArmy (ARL QL2, 2004)and the demonstrations for the Navy (ONR NAIMT,2004). In the subsequent items, we will briefly discuss theimplementation details of the framework, followed by experimentalsimulation results of illustrative case studies.THE FRAMEWORK COMPONENTSThe FlexFeed framework is a distributed application-leveliddleware that is installed in all participating systems.te middleware provides an API that allows applications specify services or requests for data streaming.At heimplementation , the framework combines amobile agent system with resource coordination and allo4of 8cation mechanism and a policy infrastructure to determined configure, at runtime, efficient data distribution treesbetween applications.The mobile agent system gives the framework the abilityto move code and computation between nodes to enable,on demand, new data-specific capabilities in nodes thatwill participate in the data distribution tree. Process migrationis used to improve survivability and system performance.AlthoughFlexFeed can be easily configured to workwith different agent systems, our proof of concept implementationwas developed on top of the NOMADS agentsystem (Suri et al., 2000; Groth and Suri, 2000).NOMADS is a mobile agent system for Java-based agents.It provides two implementations: Oasis and Spring. Oasisincorporates a custom Java-compatible Virtual Machine(named Aroma) whereas Spring is a pure Java implementation.The Aroma VM is a clean-room VM designed toprovide the enhanced capabilities of execution state captureand resource control.The resource coordination component (referred to in thispaper as the ‘coordinator’) is the intelligent part of theframework. It is responsible for realizing the notion of agilecomputing in the context of data streaming. The ‘coordinator’can be implemented as a distributed process or asa centralized component operating in one of the nodes ofthe framework. All experiments and examples shown inthis paper are based on one specific implementation of acentralized coordination algorithm (ULM) but decentralizedalternatives are also available.The policy infrastructure is independent of the framework.The goal of the policy framework is to provide a high levelinterface to the system in order to allow both human operatorsand applications to establish, query and modify highlevel requirements and constraints that will regulate howthe framework should operate. Furthermore, the policyinfrastructure is also responsible for validation, verification,disambiguation, and distribution of policies throughoutthe system. Policies can also be used to regulate andconstrain the autonomous behavior of the framework, providingbounds for self-adjustments to operation tempo andto the proactive manipulation of resources. Currently,FlexFeed uses KAoS (Bradshaw et al., 1997; Bradshaw etal. 2002; Bradshaw et al., 2003) as its policy framework.Access to these components is available at each nodethrough a common API. In order to participate in theframework, applications at each node can obtain an instanceof the FlexFeedManager Component (Figure 2).The FlexFeedManager provides the access API to the framework and allows applications to register, advertisecapabilities, and request data streams from other resources.Transparent to the applications, FlexFeedManagers at communicate in a peer-to-peer fashion to exchangestate and plan resource utilization. When a client places arequest for a data stream from a sensor as illustrated infigure 2, it specifies the source of the data and the requirementsfor the data stream (for example, resolutionand frame rate in the case of a video stream).That information, along with resource availability informationfrom local nodes, is used to build the data distributiontree from source to client. If using a centralized coordinator,the planning is done at one single location using globalstate data. Decentralized coordination algorithms rely onpeer to peer negotiation between FlexFeedManagers anduse only local state for planning.The client is allowed to specify any type of data, grantedthat it provides to the framework the necessary informationfor cost calculation and the code (in the form of mobileagents) necessary to manipulate (e.g. aggregation and filtering)the data for optimization. Because FlexFeed supportson-demand code deployment, trusted applicationscan provide new components to the framework at run time,enabling the support of previously unknown data types.The client can also provide complex data processing requestssuch as the one illustrated in figure 3. In that example,the client is specifying (through a graph structure) twodistinct data sources that should be merged with a specific(client-provided) processing element (FS) and then, discriminativelydelivered to two sink nodes. Details aboutthe data types and processing elements are embedded inthe graph node and edge components, using a pre-defineddata structure provided by the framework.The FlexFeed framework will load the appropriate softwarecomponents specified by the client (either from theclient host of from a common codebase) and will identifythe network resources necessary to support the request.The location of the logical fusion element (FS) can be atany intermediate node between the source and sink elements,based on resource availability, policies, and overallcosts for computation and data transmission.After mapping the request to the physical network, theframework will monitor environmental changes (such assignificant variations in resource availability or link failure)to transparently recalculate and adjust the data treeuntil the request is terminated by the client.CASE STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSThe framework was tested in a simulated network wherepacket drops and bandwidthconstraints could be carefullycontrolled. The goal of these tests was to demonstrate theeffectiveness of on demand configuration of data-awarestreaming in the improvement of data quality and reductionof jitter. These metrics are highly relevant to applicationssuch as the remote control of unmanned vehicles.The overhead of the framework was also measure in termsof induced latency in the stream. The computational overheadfor running intermediate processing elements andfilters was disregarded and the coordination mechanismused in the experiments was the centralized ULM (Carvalho,2005) algorithm, based on an iterative version ofDijkstra’s shortest path algorithm applied in localized partsof the graph.The experiments were conducted on a 100baseT networkwith full connectivity. Bandwidth limitations betweenUA V and other nodes were simulated on a fixed wirednetwork. Figure 4 provides a schematic view of the testnetworks.Figure 4 – Schematic illustration of the environment consideredfor experiments In this configuration, nodes ‘S1’ and ‘S2’ represent two dismounted soldiers in direct communications range witheach other and with a tank nearby ‘T2’. All nodes are incommunications range with an unmanned aerial vehicle‘UA V’ on a fixed flying pattern over enemy territory.The bandwidth available from the UA V to the remainingnodes is variable and can be severely constrained at differenttimes. Our experimental procedure explores differentoperational scenarios on top of this configuration. The goalis to quantitatively illustrate how the FlexFeed frameworkimproves data communications by reducing delays betweenimage updates and the variance between packet arrivaltimes (jitter). In our experimental setup, each node isrepresented by a separate laptop. The bandwidth limitationson the UAV are simulated by a gateway runningNISTNet (Carson, 2002). Figure 5 shows the experimentalsetup designed to simulate the environment illustrated infigure 1.The centralized coordination node (not shown in figure 5)receives state information such as CPU and bandwidthavailability from each of the 4 nodes involved in the test.The frequency of updates is proportional to the rate ofchange in these metrics. When a client makes a request fora data stream, it specifies the source node (UA V), framerate, and resolution. The coordinator nodewill receive therequest and will handle it appropriately, building a datadistribution tree from the source, based on current globalsystem state.Optimizing Bandwidth UtilizationIn the first scenario, soldier ‘S1’ temporarily assumes controlof the UA V, taking it o ut of the flying pattern andcloser to enemy positions. Unaware of the fact that the vehicleis now under remote control, soldier ‘S2’ also requestsa video stream from the UA V’s camera. In this example,both video streams were requested at a 320x240resolution with 3 frames per second.Under unconstrained conditions, the combined streamsrequire the UA V to send approximately 50 KBps of data.In the initial condition the bandwidth limitation is 100KBps (equivalent to unconstrained bandwidth in this example)so there are no packet drops and the average delaybetween images is 271 milliseconds, which represents astream of approximately 2.69 frames per second. Note thatthe resulting frame-rate, even under unconstrained bandwidthconditions, only approximates the requested framerate.This is due to the delays involved in actual imagecapture (which is camera dependent), compression, andserialization.The bandwidth available from the UA V is then progressivelyreduced to a maximum of 40 KBps, 30 KBps, and6 of 8then 24 KBps. At each step, the average delay betweenimages is measure at each client ‘S1’ and ‘S2’.When the coordinator is inactive, that is, when the frameworkis not making any attempt to optimize data streams,the sensor (UA V) sends a unicast stream to each of theclients. Both streams will compete for the limited bandwidthand the delays at each client increase significantlywith the reduction in bandwidth availability. These resultsare shown in figure 6, with their 95% confidence errormargins.Figure 6 – Effects of bandwidth reduction without datastream coordination.In this example, as the bandwidth availability decreases,the delays quickly increase to the point where criticaltasks, such as the remote control of the UA V, are completelycompromised. A minimum frame-rate of 2 fps isrequired1, in this example, to safely navigate the UA V so itis clear that even small constraints in bandwidth availabilitycan compromise this task. Furthermore, we can verifythe well known bandwidth stealing behavior between clients,where bandwidth is not equally shared betweenstreams. This behavior has been previously reported in IPnetworks (Tschudin and Ossipov, 2004) and could compromisecritical tasks such as the control of the UA V.Figure 4 – Data distribution tree created by FlexFeedWhen the FlexFeed coordinator is enabled, the frameworkidentifies the stream requests and attempts to globally optimizedata distribution. In this specific case, the coordinator(which, is a centralized process) determines that bothstreams are similar (in fact, equal) and the overall bandwidthutilization can be reduced with a multicast-like datadistribution tree. The framework opportunistically identi-1 Although it is commonly accepted that a minimum of four frames persecond is necessary to remotely operate robotic vehicles, for illustrationpurposes in this example, the minimum requirement for teleoperationis assumed to be two frames per second.fies node ‘T2’ as a potential intermediate processing elementand builds the distribution tree illustrated in figure 4.Under the same bandwidth constraints, the framework ensuresthat the lowest capacity link (from the UA V) is notsaturated and delays between images are kept within reasonablebounds.Furthermore, the variance in delay (jitter) is significantlysmaller, ensuring that critical processes maintain minimum levels of throughput and quality of service.FlexFeed OverheadThe overhead of framework basically falls into two maincategories: a) the number of additional control messagesinvolved on sharing state between nodes (or betweennodes and the centralized coordinator) and b) the time requiredto determine, locate, and configure the nodes thatwill participate in the data stream. Both factors are highlydependent on the type of coordination mechanism used inthe framework (centralized, zone-based, or local), the complexityof the data, the scale of the network, its level ofconnectivity, and the frequency of state updates.In our example, the network topology is static and variationsin resource availability are small so our attention isfocused primarily on the delays (latency) caused by thecentralized coordination algorithm. Table 1 shows the averagedelays and their 95% confidence error margins observedin each test, both with and without the coordinator.The delays were measured as the average between the timeof the second client ‘S2’ request and the time when thefirst image is delivered to that client.When the coordinator is present (second column), there isan up-front cost in terms of latency that is due to the timespend in identifying and configuring network resources fordata distribution. When the coordinator is not present, theresponse to the data request is relatively fast at first but thedelays increase as the bandwidth is reduced. This is basicallydue to the fact that initial images are being lost on thesaturated channel when the coordinator is not present.FlexFeed versus MulticastThe data distribution tree presented in this example resemblesa data multicast tree, often obtained with conventionaldata multicast algorithms. As previously noted, FlexFeed7 of 8goes beyond conventional and data-aware multicast approachesby building a tree that include nodesthat are notnecessarily part of the multicast group (node T2 in thiscase). These nodes are opportunistically discovered andconfigured, at runtime by the framework, based on its currentresource availability, role in the network, and systempolicies.Furthermore, the configuration of node T2 can be highlydata-dependent and arbitrarily complex. In these examples,the intermediate node was use merely as a splitting pointfor the data distribution tree. It could also have receivedcustomized code to perform in-stream data transformationor specialized filtering.Consider the case where the request place by soldier ‘S2’was for a lower res olution video stream from the samesource. Multicast algorithms would often regard this as anindependent request or would have assumed that one of thenodes in the multicast group would be able to reduce theresolution of the stream to include the new request in thedata hierarchy. Data-centric protocol like Directed Diffusionwould also depend on an intermediate node’s a prioricapabilities to construct the low resolution data from thehigh resolution stream.In FlexFeed, the request placed by soldier ‘S2’ can sp ecifyreferences to data-specific code that will be installed, ondemand, on node ‘T2’ to act as a processing element. Thecode would be installed only in the necessary nodes (asdetermined by the coordination algorithms) and would beremoved when no longer necessary.Another extension of the same capability is the transparentenforcement of information release policies. In this case,upon S2’s data request, FlexFeed would query the policyframework for constraints or obligations involving the request.Consider, for example, that policies were previouslydefined to constrain unrestricted access from S2 to thatspecific data source. In that case the framework will,transparent to node ‘S2’, identify an intermediate node forpolicy enforcement and will deploy the customized datafilters (specified as part of the policy) to ensure compliancewith the specified requirements. This feature of Flex-Fleed has been extensively demonstrated by (Suri, Bradshawet al, 2003; Suri, Carvalho et al, 2003) in multiplesimulations and real life exercises.CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKIn this paper we have introduced the FlexFeed frameworkin the context of military combat operations. The conceptproposed in FlexFeed goes beyond current data-centricrouting approaches and data-aware multicast. It realizesthe notion of agile computing in the context of data communicationsand offers the basis for a truly customizablemiddleware for data communications in extreme environments.The framework is currently implemented and has beentested in several small scale exercises including soldiersoperating in conjunction with robotic units and remote systems.The framework currently relies on a centralized coordinationalgorithm for resource allocation. We are currentlydeveloping fully decentralized (and zone-based)algorithms to improve scalability, robustness, and performance.。
全贴合工艺介绍.ppt
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3.OGS /TOL技术
OGS技术就是把触控屏与保护玻璃集成在一起，在保护玻璃内侧镀上ITO 导电层，直接在保护玻璃上进行镀膜和光刻，由于节省了一片玻璃和一次 贴合，触摸屏能够做的更薄且成本更低。
现在主要由触控屏厂商主导并发展 ，国内手机品牌中nubia Z5 mini、中兴 GEEK、华为荣耀3C等都采用了OGS技术。不过OGS仍面临着强度和加工 成本的问题，均需要通过二次强化来增加强度。
控功能的显示屏，这样能使屏幕变得更加轻薄。这一技术主要由面板生产商所 主导研发，对任一显示面板厂商而言，该技术门槛相对较高。
目前采用In-Cell 技术有苹果的iPhone 5/5s，还有诺基亚的Lumia系列高端手机。
In Cell技术屏幕层数：Incell的屏幕由表层玻璃粘合LCD层（触屏在LCD层上），
共2层。
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2.Oncell 技术
On Cell是指将触摸屏嵌入到显示屏的彩色滤光片基板和偏光片之间的方法， 即在液晶面板上配触摸传感器，相比In Cell技术难度降低不少。
目前，On Cell多应用于三星Amoled面板产品上，技术上尚未能克服薄型化、 触控时产生的颜色不均等问题。 三星、日立、LG等厂商在On-Cell结构触摸屏上进展较快。
全贴合技术即是以水胶或光学胶将显示屏与触摸屏无缝隙完e、三星S系列、米2、Nexus 7、Ascend D1 四核、 koobee i90、酷派8730、华为荣耀2都采用了全贴合技术 。
Digital+thermal+sensor
Temperature measurement in the Intel® Core TM DuoProcessorEfraim Rotem – Mobile Platform Group, Intel corporationJim Hermerding – Mobile platform Group, Intel corporationCohen Aviad - Microprocessor Technology Lab, Intel corporationCain Harel - Microprocessor Technology Lab, Intel corporationAbstractModern CPUs with increasing core frequency and power are rapidly reaching a point where the CPU frequency and performance are limited by the amount of heat that can be extracted by the cooling technology. In mobile environment, this issue is becoming more apparent, as form factors become thinner and lighter. Often, mobile platforms trade CPU performance in order to reduce power and manage thermals. This enables the delivery of high performance computing together with improved ergonomics by lowering skin temperature and reducing fan acoustic noise.Most of available high performance CPUs provide thermal sensor on the die to allow thermal management, typically in the form of analog thermal diode. Operating system algorithms and platform embedded controllers read the temperature and control the processor power. Improved thermal sensors directly translate into better system performance, reliability and ergonomics.In this paper we will introduce the new Intel® Core TM Duo processor temperature sensing capability and present performance benefits measurements and results.IntroductionToday’s high performance processors contain over a hundred million transistors, running in a frequency of several gigahertz. The power and thermal characteristics of these processors are becoming more challenging than ever before, and are likely to continue to grow with Moor’s low. Improvements in the cooling technology however, are relatively slow and do not follow Moor’s low. All computing segments face power and thermal challenges. In the server domain, the cost of electricity and air conditioning is one of the biggest expense items of a data center, and drives the need for low power high efficiency systems. In the mobile computing market, power and thermal management are the key limiter for delivering higher computational performance. Thin and light industrial designs are limited by the heat that can be extracted from the box. Ergonomic characteristics are also highly impacted by thermal considerations. The cooling fan is the major source of acoustic noise in the mobile system and external skin hot spots should be avoided for ergonomic reasons as well.The increasing demand for compute density brings the need for efficient thermal management schemes. Several such schemes have been proposed, for example DVS (dynamic frequency voltage scaling [1]). These mechanisms were implemented in CPUs such as the Intel® Centrino® Processor [2]. Most operating systems on the market support ACPI [3]. This is an industry standard infrastructure that enables thermal management of computer platforms. Thermal management is done by the use of active cooling devices, such as fans, or passive cooling actions such as DVS. Thermal management schemes accept user preferences for setting management policy. A computer user can select between high performance, energy conservation and improved ergonomics parameters.The basic feedback for most of the power and thermal management schemes is temperature measurement. Both Intel® processors [4] and others [5], incorporate temperature sensor on the die to allow thermal measurement, typically in the form of analog thermal diode. The voltage on a diode junction is a function of the junction temperature. The diode is routed to external pins and an A/D chip on the platform converts the voltage into temperature reading. The Intel® Centrino processor [2] introduced a fixed thermal sensor, tuned to the max specified junction temperature. In case of abnormal conditions, such as cooling system malfunction, the circuitasserts a signal that activates a programmable self management power saving action that protects the CPU from operating out of its specified thermal range. It is apparent that the accuracy of the thermal measurements directly impacts the performance of the thermal management system and the performance of the CPU. In mobile computers, 1.5o C accuracy in temperature measurement is equivalent to 1 Watt of CPU power. In desk-top computers the impact is even higher due to the lower thermal resistance and 1o C accuracy translates into 2 Watt of CPU power.There are several causes for temperature measurement inaccuracy:1.Parameter variance: The thermal diode is not idealand during the manufacturing process, there are variations in the diode parameters that translate into reading variations. An offset value is programmed into the Intel® Core™ Duo, to be used by the A/D to generate accurate readings.2.A/D accuracy: Some errors are associated with theanalog to digital conversion due to design and technology limitations as well as quantization errors.The best temperature A/Ds available on the market today provide +/- ½o C accuracy.3.Proximity to the hot spot: CPU performance andreliability is limited by the temperature of the hottest location on the die. Thermal diode placement is limited by routing and I/O considerations and usually cannot be placed at the hottest spot on the die. Furthermore, the hot spot tends to shift around as a function of the workload of the CPU. It is not rare to find temperature difference as high as 10o C between a diode and the hot spot.4.Manufacturing temperature control: Parts are testedfor functionality and reliability at the max temperature specifications. Variations in test temperature drive a need for additional guard-band in the temperature control set points.The speed of response to temperature changes also impacts thermal management performance. The Intel®Core TM Duo processor has implemented a new digital temperature reading capability to address the accuracy and response time limitations of existing solutions. The rest of the paper will describe the implementation of the digital sensor and the measured results of it’s performance. The Intel® Core ™ Duo digital sensor (DTS) The general structure of the digital thermometer of the Intel® Core™ Duo [7] is described in Figure 1. In addition to the analog thermal diode, multiple sensing devices are distributed on the die in all the hot spots. An internal A/D circuit converts each sensor into a 7 bit digital reading. The temperature reading is calculated as an offset from the maximum specified Tj, e.g. 0 indicated that the CPU is at it’s maximum allowable Tj, 1 indicated 1o C below etc. All temperature readings are combined together into a single value, indicating the temperature of the hottest spot on die. The Intel®Core TM Duo is a dual core CPU. The DTS offers the ability to read temperature for each core independently and to read the maximum temperature for the entire package. To achieve measurement accuracy, each sensor is calibrated at test time. Calibration is done for the Maximum Tj and the linearity of the readout slope. The temperature reading is post processed for filtering out random noise and generating the H/W activated thermal protection functions. The DTS implementation on the Intel® Core TM Duo processor supports the legacy Intel Centrino® thermal sensor and fixed function thresholds PROCHOT and THERMTRIP [2].Figure 1: Digital Thermometer Block Diagram PROCHOT is a fixed temperature threshold calibrated to trip at the max specified junction temperature. Upon crossing this threshold, a H/W power reduction action is initiated, reducing the frequency and voltage, keeping the CPU within functionality and reliability limits. A properly designed cooling system with thermal management shouldnot activate the H/W protection mechanisms. Some aggressive platform designs however, may need occasional H/W initiated action due to long response time. On most operating systems, interrupt latency is not guaranteed and therefore, S/W based control may respond too slow. Other actions have inherent long delays. The time extending from activation of a fan and until its maximum speed is reached may be too long. Aggressive thermal design, together with a slow cooling response may cause thermal excursions that may compromise reliability and functionality. It is possible to design a system with enough margins to avoid such cases, but this comes at a cost of performance or compromised ergonomic characteristics. H/W based protection enables better user experience without compromising the device reliability and performance.THERMTRIP is a catastrophic shut down event, both on the CPU and for the platform. It identifies thermal runaway in case of cooling system malfunction and turns off the CPU and platform voltages, preventing meltdown and permanent damage.A new functionality of the DTS on the Intel® Core TM Duo is out of spec indication. It is possible for the CPU to operate within specifications while at maximum Tj. Out of spec indication is a notification to the operating system that a malfunction occurred, junction temperature is rising and a graceful shut down is required while functionality is still guaranteed and user data can be saved.In order to perform S/W and ACPI thermal control functions, the DTS offers interrupt generation capability, in addition to the temperature reading. Two S/W programmable thresholds are loaded by S/W and a thermal interrupt is generated upon threshold crossing. This thermal event generates an interrupt to single or both cores simultaneously according to the APIC settings.The digital thermometer is the basis for software thermal control such as the ACPI. In the ACPI infrastructure, thermal management is done by assigning a set of policies or actions to temperature thresholds. A policy can be active, such as activating fan in various speeds (_ACx), or passive (_PSV), by reducing the CPU frequency. Interrupt thresholds are defined to indicate upper and lower temperatures thresholds. An example of digital thermometer usage is given in Figure 2._TMP=60Figure 2: Digital thermometer and ACPIIn the above example the current die temperature is at 60o C. The thresholds set to 5o C above and below the current temperature. If the temperature rises above 65o C, an interrupt is generated, notifying the S/W of a significant change in temperature. The control software reads the temperature and identifies the new temperature and initiates action if needed. In the above example, 65o C requires activating a fan at a low speed. The activation thresholds and policies are defined at system configuration and communicated to the ACPI. Upon interrupt servicing, new thresholds are written around the new temperature to further track temperature changes. Small hysteresis values are applied to prevent frequent interrupts around a threshold point.Measurements and resultsIn previous Pentium™ - M systems, a single analog thermal diode was used to measure die temperature. Thermal diode cannot be located at the hottest spot of the die due to design limitations. To perform thermal management activities, some fixed offset was applied to the measured temperature, to keep the CPU within specifications. With the increasing performance and power density of the Intel® Core TM Duo, the performance implications of guard bands increase. Figure 3 shown measured die temperature of different workloads. It can be seen that the hot spot of the die moves to different locations depending on the nature of the workload.Die Hot-SpotCore #2Core #1CacheFigure 3: Die hot spots at different workloadsFigure 3 demonstrates a shift of the hot spot in a dual core workload. A workload that stresses the floating point unit which is a high power operation, will generate hot spot near the floating point while other workloads will stress different locations on the die. Figure 4 shows the thermal impact of single core applications.Figure 4: Thermal behavior of a single core applicationIt can be noted that a single diode cannot capture themaximal die temperature. Placing a diode between the cores, results in non optimal location as this is a relatively cold area of the die in single thread workloads. Workloads can be migrated by the operating system scheduler from one core to the another on the same die and therefore a symmetrical sensor placement is required.In order to evaluate the DTS temperature reading, we performed a study to identify the impact of different workloads on the difference between diode and the hot spot, as measured by the DTS. A set of workloads including all SPEC-2K components and other popular benchmarks and applications, at single thread and multi-thread were executed on the CPU. Several iterations were done to reach a thermal steady state and then the diode and DTS temperatures were measured. Before taking the measurement, a calibration process has been performed, leaving only the temperature offset. As described earlier, both external A/D and internal DTS have some inaccuracies. Calibration procedure is needed to equalize DTS and diode temperature readings and measure temperature offsets only. Figure 5 shows the offset between the analog diode and the hot spot, as measured by the DTS. The horizontal axis represents the hot spot temperature as a percentage of the max temperature. The vertical axis shows the temperature offset between the diode and the hot spot. Each point on the chart represents a single application.It can be seen that large temperature gradients exist on the die. It also can be noted that some workloads display high temperature gradients while other have no offset. Thermal control algorithms need to prevent the hot spot from exceeding the max temperature specification. It is possible to mitigate the temperature difference by applying a fixed offset to the diode reading. This obviously is a non optimal solution as the workloads with low offset will be panelized by the unnecessary temperature offset. The use of digital thermometer provides improved temperature reading, enables higher CPU performance within thermal limitations and improves reliability.Figure 5: Diode to DTS Temp. differencePrevious studies [6] have shown that temperature reduction directly translates into performance degradation. The above chart represents 3%-7% reduction in performance due to temperature measurement offset. Building a thermal management system around a thermal diode, with the characteristics shown in Figure 5 requires temperature guard-band. This guard band can be applied to the control set point, and as a result, the workloads that generate high offset temperatures result in lost performance. A different approach can set the Tj threshold assuming that the diode represents the correct die temperature. Some of the workloads will run at high max Tj and therefore risk functional issues or reliability degradation.The DTS also reduces the other temperature readings errors, which are not shown in this paper. The DTS is calibrated at manufacturing conditions and the reference point is set to this test temperature. Functionality, electrical specifications and reliability commitments are guaranteed at maximum Tj as measured by the DTS. Any test inaccuracy or parameters variance are already accounted for in the DTS set point.Summary and conclusionsWith the increasing demand for computational density and the increase in CPU transistors and frequency, power and thermal are the key limiters for providing computing performance. In recent years, thermal management has become a fundamental function of computer platform. The input to every thermal management scheme is a thermal sensor. We have shown that thermal sensor accuracy translates into power, which in turn translates into better CPU performance. Legacy analog thermal sensors incur inaccuracies due to parameter distribution and temperature offset from the hot spot. In this paper we introduced the new digital thermal sensor (DTS) of the Intel® Core® Duo processor. We showed that multiple sense point on various hot spots of the die, together with on die A/D converter provide improved temperature reading. The better accuracy translates either into 3%-7% higher performance or into improved ergonomics. The introduction of dual core References[1] D. Brooks, M. Martonosi, ”Dynamic Thermal Management for High-Performance Microprocessors” Proceedings of the HPCA-07, January 2001[2] Intel® Pentium® M processor product specifications /design/mobile/datashts/302189 08.pdf[3] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface./ acpi/.[4] Intel SpeedStep Technology,/support/processors/mobile/pentiu miii/ss.htm[5] D. Pham1, S. Asano, et. al., “The design and implementation of a first-generation CELL processor”, Proceedings of ISSCC 2005.[6] E. Rotem, A. Naveh, et al., “Analysis of Thermal Monitor features of the Intel Pentium M Processor”, Proceedings of TACS-01, ISCA-31, 2004.[7]A. Naveh, E. Rotem, et al.,”Power and Thermal Management in the Intel® Core™ Duo” , Intel Technology Journal Vol. 10 #2, 2006. ITJ MY。
SensorHub初探
SensorHub初探核⼼定义结构：hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/sensors.h sensor_type 类型定义： 1、#define SENSOR_TYPE_ACCELEROMETER 2、#define SENSOR_TYPE_GEOMAGNETIC_FIELD 3、#define SENSOR_TYPE_ORIENTATION 结构体： 1、struct sensors_vec_t // sensor event data 2、struct uncalibrated_event_t //⽆标定事件，uncalibrated gyroscope and magnetometer event data 3、struct meta_data_event // meta data event data 4、struct heart_rate_event_t //⼼跳频率 5、struct sensors_event_t // union of the various types of sensor data that can be returned 6、struct sensors_module_t //every hardware module must have a data structure named HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM 7、struct sensor_t // the detail info of a sensor 8、struct sensors_poll_device_t // it is used with SENSORS_DEVICE_API_VERSION_0_1 9、struct sensors_poll_device_1 // it is compatible with sensors_poll_device_t. it is used in HAL versions >= SENSORS_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0 函数： (convenience API for opening and closing a device) 1、sensors_open() 2、sensors_close() 3、sensors_open_1() 4、sensors_close_1()Android does not define how the different physical sensors are connected to the system on chip (SoC).Often, sensor chips are connected to the SoC through a , allowing some low-power monitoring and processing of the data. Often, Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) or Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is used as the transport mechanism.Android sensors provide data as a series of sensor events.Each contains:a handle to the sensor that generated itthe timestamp at which the event was detected or measuredand some dataControl flows from the applications down to the sensors, and data flows from the sensors up to the applications.Sensor Stack SDK: Applications access sensors through the Sensors SDK (Software Development Kit) API. The SDK contains functions to list available sensors and to register to a sensor. the application specifies its preferred sampling frequency and its latency requirements. //指定采样频率和延迟请求 Framework: The framework is in charge of linking the several applications to the HAL. //管理应⽤程序链接到HAL层 When a first application registers to a sensor, the framework sends a request to the HAL to activate the sensor. //第⼀个注册或绑定该sensor When the last application registered to one sensor unregisters from it, the frameworks sends a request to the HAL to deactivate the sensor so power is not consumed unnecessarily. //应⽤解绑时，deactivity，使之省电 Impact of multiplexing: //复⽤的影响 当多个application 对于同⼀个sensor，设置不同的sampling frequency时，sensor实际采样是以最快的为准。
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每個sensor可透過pmc檔的sensor type和event reading type code欄位, 了解其
用途, 例如:
- Chipset Err的sensor type為0x13, 所以其為critical interrupt類的sensor(下表
2)
- reading type為0x6f, 所以reading type為sensor-specific(下表一), 照其敘述,
要參照下表二, 就可知道此sensor支援哪些event.
- chipset err的assertion event mask為0x10, 因此此顆sensor預設為當PCI PERR
發生時候(下表2), sel就會多一筆資料.
- 因此如果host OS或bios偵測到PCI PERR的狀況時, 可透過ipmi command告
知BMC, 此時BMC就會記錄在sel中, 或是作相對應的行為, 但還需要開發.
還有個問題請教一下：
這些 BIOS 類別的 DDF 都是有 pin 腳的，pin 腳的類型定義為
試過了無法連接在 AST2400 DDF 的 GPIO_x pin 腳
如果要用這個 DDF 的話，要跟哪一種 device DDF 連接？
Logsdr_X就必須要跟logsdr_s連接, 有此接腳的device有logical 資料夾裡面的
DDF, 以及pilotII與pilot III的watchdog_2, 也是此種類型的腳位.
但你可注意一下, 此Chipset_err的此腳位其實沒有code, 所以亦可刪除此腳位,
就可使用, 像是platform alert DDF就是類似這種沒有腳位的sensor.