延续性动词与非延续性动词总结含练习
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换
• 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. • A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught • 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . • A. has been B. has become C. was D. became • 9. I ______ home for a week. • A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
• 否定的终止性动词可以与表示 时间段的时间状语连用。例: • I haven't left here for 3 years. • I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear； catch a cold →have a cold等。
延续性动词及非延续性动词
持续性动词与非持续性动词及其变换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为持续性动词与非持续性动词。
一.持续性动词表示能够持续的动作 ,如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
持续性动词能够与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 :for+一段时间 ,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since 从句 , 如： since he came here; since+时间点名词 , 如： since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。
请看例句has lived here for 6 years.请看例句can keep the book for 5 days.请看例句stayed there for 2 weeks last year.请看例句long did you stay there last year请看例句brother has joined the army for two years ．（误）My brother has been a soldier for two years .（正）我哥哥自 1999 年就从军了。
请看例句brother has joined the army since 1999．（误）My brother has been a soldier since 1999(正)你哥哥从军多久了请看例句long has your brother joined the army （误）How long has your brother been a soldier（正）二.非持续性动词也称停止性动词、瞬时动词或点动词 ,表示不可以持续的动作 ,这类动作发生后立刻结束。
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词1. 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词（短暂性动词或瞬间动词）。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间，如: for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点，如since last year, since 5 days ago。
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的for短语，since短语或从句连用。
也不能与表示时间段的how long 引起的疑问句连用。
例如：(1) I have bought the book for 2 weeks. ( x )I have bought the book. (√)I have bought the book since two weeks ago. ( x )I have bought the book two weeks ago. ( x )I have had the book for two weeks. (√)(2) The old man died 4 years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years.It is/has been 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died.2. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：(1) go (to)/ come (to)/arrive/get to/reach/move---be in/at become---be return/go back/come back---be back例如：He arrived in Beijing ten minutes ago.= He has been in Beijing for ten minutes.My sister became an engineer in 2005.= My sister has been an engineer since 2005.They went to Shanghai yesterday.= They have been in Shanghai since yesterday/for one day.(2) open---be open close---be closed die----be dead marry---bemarried get married---be married leave--- be away finish/end---be over begin/start---be on go to sleep/fall asleep--- be asleep fall ill---be illget up---be up sit down---be seated go to school --- be a student例如：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.The film began ten minutes ago. = The film has been on since ten minutes ago.(3) buy---have borrow/lend---keep/have catch a cold---have a coldput on---wear get to know---know begin to study---study例如：She bought this book last year. = She has had this book since last year.(4) join--- be in/ be a member of…+the 组织机构/be a组织机构memberjoin the Party =be in the Party=be a Party member=be a member of the PartyJoin the army=be in the army=be a solider 参军He joined the League in 2013.He has been in the League since 2013.He has been a member of the League since 2013. He has been a League member since 2013.It is three years since he joined the League.。
现在完成时延续性动词与非延续性动词
终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。
如：The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the puter group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。
因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。
如(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has e here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、e为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。
下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow →keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on,die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
现在完成时延续性动词与非延续(瞬间性)动词
• It began to rain at eight yesterday morning .(正)又如：
• -When did you get to know Jack?
• -Two years ago.
•Then you've known each other for more th an two years.
• 一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:
• for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here;
• since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。
• 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时 间"状语连用。如： It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误 ) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间 "，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示 一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为
• 如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三个错误句子：
• 1)Jim has come here for five years.
• 2)He has died for 3 years.
• 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状 语连用。
eg. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.
英语延续性动词与非延续性动词
英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be opendie------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keepbegin/start-----be on put on----wearleave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleepend/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a coldjoin the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
延续性动词和非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用有一些区别。
1.延续性动词：
延续性动词表示持续的动作或状态，常见的有live（住）、work
（工作）、study（学习）、wait（等待）等。
在现在完成时态中，延续
性动词通常用来表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并且可能
会继续下去。
例如：
- I have lived in this city for 10 years.（我在这个城市住了
10年了。
）
2.非延续性动词：
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作或不可数的状态，常见的有arrive（到达）、die（死亡）、finish（完成）、know（知道）等。
在现在完成时
态中，非延续性动词通常用来表示一个动作已经完成或一个状态已经发生，没有持续的时间。
例如：
- She has arrived at the airport.（她已经到达了机场。
）
- The project has finished.（项目已经完成了。
）
- I have known him since childhood.（我从小就认识他了。
）
需要注意的是，有些动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，根据上下文来决定其使用方式。
比如，动词sleep（睡觉）可以是延
续性动词，表示持续的睡眠状态，也可以是非延续性动词，表示一次性的睡眠动作。
延续性和非延续性动词
按动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短，可把动词分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
延续性动词：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等，可与一段时间连用，如：for 2 years, since he came here, since last year.非延续性动词：open, close, die, begin, start, finish, come, go, borrow, lend, buy等，不能与一段时间连用。
但其否定式可以与一段时间连用。
He has lived here for 2 years. 正确He hasn’t received her letter for almost a month. 正确He has left for 2 years. 错误将非延续性动词转化成延续性动词Leave-be awayBorrow-keepBuy- haveBegin,start-be onDie- be deadFinish/end/stop-be overJoin-be in+组织机构Open/close-keep sth open/closedFall ill- be illGet up- be upCatch/get a cold-have a coldFall asleep-be asleepBecome-beCome back-be backGet to/arrive at/reach-be inPut on-wearLose one’s job/work-be out of work/a job1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读hurt hurt hurt 伤2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词beat beat beaten 打3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑4. A ---B ---B型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
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延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词..一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作;如：study; learn; work; stand; lie; know; walk; keep; have; wait; watch; sing; read; sleep; live; stay等..延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用..延续性动词的用法很广;常见于中的句子中;且常与for;how;long;since等引导的表示一段时间的或连用..表示时间段的短语有:1.for+一段时间; eg: for 2 years; for a long time等2.since从句;since he came here;3.since+时间点名词+ago; eg：since last year; since 5 days ago;4. how long;二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词;表示不能延续的动作;这种动作发生后立即结束..如:open; die; close; begin; finish; come; go; move; borrow; lend; buy; move; happen; marry; arrive/reach; post; fall; break; lose; give; join; receive; hear; hear from; become等..终止性动词又叫瞬间动词或点动词;瞬间的在一般情况下;不能与表示一段时间的或疑问词连用..但是在中;瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连用;它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了;没进行此动作的状态就可以延续..可用于现在完成时态;但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用..英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语;这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用..常见的这类动词有： go; come; leave; arrive; lose; land; catch; join; kill; find 等..例如：1. He has joined the club for a long time. 错2. He has been a member of the club for a long time. 对3. His grandfather has died for over 30 years. 错4. His grandfather has been dead for over 30 years. 对注意之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词;是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结..故不能与表达“段”的长时间连用;不论是在进行时还是中..下面的例句是正确的：1. He is dying.2. He has died.一个生物体是死是活;界与其终结生命的前与后的一霎那;如果上述例句加上了表达段的;试请问：该人是死是活但是;有几个表示去向的如 go; come; start; leave 等;可以同表示时间段的状语for 短语连用..但要注意;这种用法的 for 短语表示的不是句中延续的时间;而是该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要的时间..例如：1. She has gone to Nanjing for three days. = She’s come here; intending to stay for three days.2. Alice has left for Paris for three months. = Alice has left for Paris; intending to stay there for three months.3. We are starting for Shanghai for two weeks. = We are going to Shanghai; and we are planning to stay there for two weeks.注意学生如果遇到与第一点所不符的情况;如本点所讲述;不要轻易下结论为“错题”;应该认真分析后再做结论..比如我们学过了这样的结构：make somebody do something;而我们常可见到这样的句子：He made a candle to give light.在这个句子中的宾语后面明显带了 to ;与短语所表达的不符;但我们不要忘了：make 的基本意思为“制造”;并且;结构在短语中充当;而在例句中充当..非延续性后有时;可与表示一段时间的状语连用;这时;所修饰的不是句中的谓语动词;而是非谓语动词..例如：1. She went to work for two weeks. for two weeks 修饰 to work2. He began to read English for over an hour. for over an hour 修饰 to read.注意了解了上述第二点;这一点要好理解的多：一般情况下;这些都会放在所修饰的动词或短语附近;稍加分析则不会产生误解..如果非延续性是否定完成时时;表示的是一种状态;故可同表示一段时间的状语连用；如果非延续性谓语动词的完成时表示经常重复的行为;可同表示时段的连用;但应慎用..例如：1. She hasn’t taken part in labor for weeks.2. I have often gone to Beijing since 1985.注意这一点的关键是：完成时表达的是“状态”;而后面表达段的时间是：“这种状态持续了如此长的时间”..在不同的中;有些动词可以作或非延续性动词; 如： sit; walk; move; run; feel 等..例如：1. He sat in the grass; watching the sun rising. 延续性动词2. He sat in the grass and began to read.注意这种用法较为灵活..所以也应灵活分析..从上面的两个句子中我们可以看到：不在具体的句子中;我们无法分清哪个是非延续动词;哪个是..只有根据上下文的意思;才好决定..在中与表示时间点的连用;如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例: He unfortunately passed away last year. 他去年不幸逝世..He died 5 years ago.否定的可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用..例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.I haven't heard from my parents for a long time.我有好长时间没收到父母来信了..He hasn't left home for a week. 他有一个星期没出门了..如果要与for+ 时间段;since+年份;since+时间段+ago;how long连用时;瞬间性动词要变延续性动词..三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：例：1他死了三年了..误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.2 他来这儿五天了..误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.1、2句中的die、come为终止性动词;不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用..那么;应如何正确表达呢可以采用下面的四种方法：1将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词; 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. 2将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语;如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式..3用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意;如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式.. 4用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意;如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式..四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中;成为可以延续的状态;因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用..如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986.2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用;构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型;意为"直到……才……"..如：1. You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了;你才能离开这里..2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画;我才上床睡觉..六、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中;但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中..when表示的时间是"点时间"从句谓语动词用终止性动词;也可以是"段时间"从句谓语动词用延续性动词..而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程;从句谓语动词用延续性动词..如：1. When we reached London; it was twelve o'clock. reach为终止性动词2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. be away为延续性动词短语七、终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用只限于肯定式..如:误：How long have you come here正：How long have you been here正：When did you come here误区一瞬间动词的完成时误区之一是：表达的是“从前发生的动作”;“延续到现在”..而瞬间动词一瞬间便完成了从发生到结束的全过程;能有完成时吗现在完成时虽然动作“发生在过去”但其“影响”持续到现在..因整个存在的时间短;所以其完成时不与表达“段”的时间连用..二瞬间动词的进行时误区二： leave; come 等终结性动词;没有进行时的形式..例如come 这一个词;尤其在中;可参见第四点不与表达段的连用..比如我们不说： He has come for days. 而要说： He came days ago. 或：It’s days since he came. 常说的 He is coming. /He is leaving./ He is dying 等;并不是表示动作“正在进行”; 而是表示“动作即将发生”..补充练习：1.When he arrived at the bus stop; the bus ___ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away2. I _____ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3.The factory _____since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has openedC. was openD. opened4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become5.You mustn't ____until he comes back.6.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became9. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned10. How long _______ he ________A. diedB. has; diedC. has; been dead11.He_____at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12.He ________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill -----Two weeks.C. have; been14.Since 2000; he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from15.I'll lend you the book ; but you can only ____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been17.Are you _____ the jacket these daysA. wearingB. putting onC. dressingD. on18. He ________ foe 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had20. ----- How long can I ______ the book ------ Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keep练习答案1---5 D C A B B;6---10 C A A B C;11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D。