句子种类成分与简单句的基本句型(练习)概要
句子种类与简单句的基本句型
句子的分类
通常，我们从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。1.句子的用途分类
所谓用途分类是指，根据句子的意思，句子的语言功能和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句（Declarative Sentence），疑问句（Interrogative Sentence），祁使句（Imperative Sentence）和感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentence）
1．肯定式
2．否定式
2) 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence）可分为以下四种：
A）一般疑问句（General Question）
(1)用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。
(2)往往把be,助动词，情态动词置于句首。例如：
--Are you a student ? --Yes, I am a student .
--Do you like dancing ? --Yes, I do .
B)特殊疑问句（Special Question）
（1）用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子, 用疑问词+一般疑问句构成
如：时间（When）、地点（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名称（What），等等。回答的内容是具体的。例如：
--Who is in charge of English in your class ? --Zheng Zheng (is ).
--谁是你们班的英语科代表？--（是）郑征。 -
-Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .--She is preparing for going abroad .
罗慧敏今天为什么没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备。
（2）疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的顺序相同，
如：Whose father works in Shanghai?Who is on duty today?
C) 选择疑问句（Alternative Question）
由一般疑问句加连词or连接。回答时既不能用"Yes"也不能用"No"，而是需要回答人说出具体的选择。另外，连词or之前的部分读升调，其后的部分读降调。例如：
--Is your sister or brother going abroad ? --My brother is .
（选择主语）--是你的妹妹还是弟弟要出国？--我弟弟。
--Are you going to school or back home . --（I‘m）Going home .
（选择谓语） --你是去学校还是回家。--我回家。
D) 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Question）当说话人对某种情况不甚有把握，或需进一步证实时，便可使用反意疑问句。构成：陈述句+简略问句
肯定否定
否定肯定
例如：She is a college student , isn‘t she ?她是学生，对不对？
He cannot speak French , can he ?他不会说法语是不是？
3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）
祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议，等等。祈使句的主语常被省略，因为这个主语很明确地是听话人"you"。有时为了强调或表示某种感情，句子也会带上主语。祈使句的谓语用动词原形；它的否定形式是句首用Don’t或never + 动词原形。例如：
Be quiet , please ! （大家）请安静。
Stand up ! 起立！
Don‘t smoke in the office .请不要在办公室吸烟。
Don‘t be standin g in the rain . 别站在雨里。
4) 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）
感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。多是由What或How引起的。
What 用来强调名词，How则强调形容词、副词或动词。例如：
What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
What a lovely son you have !你有个多可爱的儿子啊！
How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱啊！
2. 句子的结构分类
如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三个类别：简单句（Simple Sentence），并列句（Compound Sentence）和复合句（Complex Sentence）。这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。
1)简单句（Simple Sentence）
简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。例如：
China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects .（两个主语，一个谓语）中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people . （两个谓语，一个主语）计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西，并越来越受到人们的重视。
2) 并列句（Compound Sentence）
并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：
A. 表示转折意思 : but , yet , however , nevertheless
例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself .
一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。
He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English . 他才
学一年英文，但已能用英文与人交往了。
John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn‘t mean he is not qualified for the job .约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。
B.表示因果关系: or , so , therefore , hence
例：You‘d better take an umbrella with you, for it‘s going to rain.要下雨了，你最好带把伞。
I‘ve go t a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 我要去开个会，我得走了。
You are in the right , therefore we should support you . 你是对的，所以我们该支持你。
The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it‘s named Hillside . 这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫"山旁"。
C.表示并列关系
and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as
例：She came to my house yesterday evening, and Iwent to hers . 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。
Do it this way or you‘ll be in trouble .你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。
Either you tell him the truth , or I do it . 不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。
He doesn‘t know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。
3) 复合句（Complex Sentence）
复合句也是两个或两个以上的主谓结构的句子。但它们之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属的。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句（Subordinate Clause）。从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义；从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了复合句里的从句种类较多，引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词。
Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . （状语从句）
许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。
Whether he comes or not doesn’t make any difference to me .
（主语从句）他来与不来对我都一样。
China is not what it used to be . （表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了。
如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来，那将是这样的：
Because they talk at home while the television is on
Whether he comes or not
what money is and how money is measured
what it used to be
思考与并列句的区别所在：
（1）、并列句中的并列连词纯粹似"粘合济"，去掉后，被粘合的部分就分开独立了；（2）从句其实是用来担当句子成分（除谓语外）的，它的标志就是它句首的关系词---从属连词。那么，我们在阅读时，凡是看到某个句子以关系词开头，就可大胆地断定这个句子不是主句，而只是句中的某个成分。这样做对提高我们的阅读能力是大有好处的。
一、简单句的5种基本句型。
(1)S+V (2)S+V+O (3)S+V+P(4)S+V+InO+DO (5)S+V+O+C
此外，还有 there be句型，这一句型具有就近原则，也即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看接近于be动词的那个名词。
1）、S+V此句型的特点是：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需跟宾语，但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：
He laughed.
John has read widely.
He lives in London.
2）、S+V+O此句型的特点是：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语。如：Our team beat all the others.
3）、S+V+P此句型的特点是：谓语动词是连系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有：be（是），become（成为），get （变得），turn（变得），grow（变得），look（看起来），feel（感到），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），seem（似乎），keep（保持），stay（保持）等。如：The rose smells sweet.
4）、S+V+INO+DO此句型的特点是：谓语动词跟有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有：answer，bring，buy，find，get，give，lend，make，pass，pay，send，show，sing，take，teach，tell，write等。如：
Mr. Li told us an interesting story.
Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？
5）、S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是：谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。：
常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect(选举) , feel(感觉到) , find(发现) , get(使得) , have(使，让) , hear(听到) , imagine(想象) , keep(保持) , make(使) , notice(注意到) , see(看见) , let(使) , smell(闻到) , start(使……开始) , watch(注视，看) , appoint(任命) , believe(相信) , call(称) , catch(发现) , allow(容许) , ask(请求，要求) , cause(使得) , consider(认为) , expect(预期) , know(知道) , tell(告诉) , think(想，认为) , want(想要) , wish(希望) ,listen to(听) , look at(看，瞧)等等。例如：
We elected him our monitor .我们选他当班长。
We must keep our school clean.
They made him their monitor.
【注】S=Subject（主语）；V=V erb（谓语动词）；P=Predicative（表语）；O=Object（宾语）；
INO=Indirect Object（间接宾语）；DO=Direct Object（直接宾语）；
OC=Object Complement（宾语补足语）
二、句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子的各种成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
主语句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如：
He was born in a small village.他出生在一个小村庄。
谓语说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成。如：
She told me about that story.
主谓一致：主语和谓语必须在人称、数两方面保持一致。主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。
1. 一般情况主语的数比较明确如：
His mother works in a office.她妈妈在办公室工作。
2. and 连接的两个或两个以上名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Linda and Susan are from America.琳达和苏珊来自美国。
3. each, either, neither, another做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Neither of us has been to France.我们两个都没去过法国。
4. 由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
No one knows his phone number.没有人知道他的电话号码。
5. 由either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语与距
离最近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only my friends but also my sister agrees with me.我的朋友和我的妹妹都赞同我。
6. 集合名词people, police等作主语时，位于用复数。如：
The people were surprised to see him dancing in the street.人们很惊讶的看他在街上跳舞。
7. 集合名词family, class等作主语时，如看作整体，谓语用单数。如强调个体，则谓语
用复数。如：
My family has lived here for twenty years. 我们家在这里住了20年了。
His family were watching TV while the phone rang.电话响起时，他们全家在看电视。
8. some, any, none, half 作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式视情况而定。如：
Half of the students are boys. 一半学生是男生。
Half is enough.一半就够了。
9. 时间、距离、重量、数量、价值等名词附属作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Ten years is not a long time.十年不算太久。
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等。如：
Is this pen yours? 这笔是你的吗？
宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句均可作宾语。如：
The little boy waited his mother to buy him hamburgers.这个小男孩想让他妈妈给他买汉堡。
有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人或物（多指人）。后接双宾语的动词有：answer, bring, buy, deny, do, fetch, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, refuse, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write等。间接宾语一般于直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：
She made her son a birthday cake.她给她儿子做了一个生日蛋糕。
They sent me a letter.他们给我寄了一封信。
定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后。如：
What a lovely day! 多好的日子啊！
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：
He’s waiting for me in front of the library.他在图书馆前面等我。
They came to see me yesterday.他们昨天来看我了。
一、句子种类练习：
Ⅰ. 句型转换 (按要求完成句子)
1.Those children are students.(否定句, 一般疑问句)
2.We can see a lot of girls in the picture. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
3.They will go to England for a visit. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
4.The young men aren’t having a party. (肯定句, 一般疑问句)
5.She has been to Shanghai already. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
6.Don’t be noisy, please. (用quiet改为肯定句,)
7.Stand in front of the class. (否定句, 反意疑问句)
8.Both Mary and Tony are good students. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
9.All the students in our class are going to visit the Science Museum. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
10.There is an English test on Friday. (反意疑问句)
11.There will be a report on Chinese history tomorrow. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
12.Tom has his lunch in the school. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
13.John does his homework at home. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
14.He saw the TV news yesterday evening. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句)
15.I think you are right. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
16.This kind of car is made in Japan. (否定句, 一般疑问句)
17. Arthur runs fastest in his class.(就划线部分提问)
________ runs fastest in his class?
18. Bob”s painting was put up on the wall of our school.(同上)
________ painting was put up on the wall of our school?
19. Chapter One is very difficult to learn. (同上)
________ chapter is very difficult to learn?
20. Mary does her homework after supper in the evening. (同上)
________ ______ Mary ______ after supper in the evening?
21. He has borrowed four books from the school library. (同上)
_______ _______ he borrowed from the school library?
22. It took him 30 minutes to get there. (同上)
______ ______ ______ it take him to get there?
23. My father is a teacher in the school. (同上)
_______ ________ your father ______ in the school?
24. It will be Wednesday the day after tomorrow. (同上)
________ ______ will it be the day after tomorrow?
25. There are Three thousand people in the factory. (同上)
_______ _______ people _______ _______ in the factory?
26. Linda’s mother works in a big hotel. (同上)
_______ _______ Linda’s mother work?
27. They usually go to school by bus. (同上)
_______ _______ they usually go to school?
28. They couldn’t pass the exam because they didn’t work hard. (同上)
_______ _______ they pass the exam?
29. He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）
He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.
______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?
30. I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问）
_____ _____ you have to wash all the plates and things?
31. The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问）
______ ______ is her mother?
32. Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问）
_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?
33. Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句）
___ of his parents ______ a worker.
34. He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问）
_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?
35. We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问）
What _____ you really enjoy ______?
36. She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问）
_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?
37. Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问）
______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school
38. It’s ten minutes’ walk from my home to the school.（对划线部分提问）______ _______is it from your home to the school?
39. She is going to be a nurse in the future.( 对划线部分提问)
__________is she going to ______in the future?
40. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. .( 对划线部分提问) ______ _______ Allan go back to England next month.
41. John went to see his grandmother once a week. .( 对划线部分提问)
__________ ________ _________ John go to see his grandmother?
42. I have been to Beijing twice. .( 对划线部分提问)
___________ _____________ ___________ have you been to Beijing.
43. The old man can hardly dress himself.(改为反意疑问句)
The old man can hardly dress himself,__________ _________?
44.Jim is ill. Let’s go and see him after school. (改为反意疑问句)
Jim is ill. Let’s go an d see him after school，___________ ____________? 45. I don’t think his father knows English. (改为反意疑问句)
His father hardly knows English,_______ ___________?
46. He thinks his aunt is right. (改为反意疑问句)
He thinks his aunt is right,___________ ___________?
47. Linda’s just come back from America . (改为反意疑问句)
Linda’s just come back from America, ______________________?
48. It is cold today. (改写成感叹句)
How __________ it is today!
49. She sings very well. (改写成感叹句)
__________ well she sings!
50. He speaks English fluently! (改写成感叹句)
__________ __________ he speaks English!
Ⅱ.单项选择
( )1、Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________
A. don’t they
B. didn’t they
C. did they
D. do they
( )2、 -You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?
--_____. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.
A. Yes, I have
B. No, I haven’t
C. Certainly, I have
D. Of course, I haven’t ( )3、His sister had a bad cough, ______she?
A. wasn’t
B. doesn’t
C. hadn’t
D. didn’t
( )4、Mr. Green went to Shenzhen on business last week,________?
A. isn’t he
B. doesn’t he
C. didn’t he
D. hasn’t he
( )5、 John can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?
A. Can’t
B. doesn’t
C. can
D. does
( )6、Don’t smoke in the meeting-room,_________?
A. do you
B. will you
C. can you
D. could you
( )7、Lucy, you clean the blackboard today,_______
A. do you
B. did you
C. will you
D. can you
( )8、 Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada ,________?
A. will she
B. won’t she
C. isn’t she d. wasn’t she
( )9、The lady couldn’t say a word when she saw the snake,________?
A. could the lady
B. couldn’t the lady
C. could she
D. couldn’t she
( )10、----________sweater is this?
----I think i t’s Peter’s.
A. Who
B. What
C. Which
D. Whose
( )11、---______I go and meet you at the airport?
---No ,thanks, dear . I can take a taxi home.
A. Will
B. Do
C. Shall
D. Should
( )12、------_____is the Confucian Temple(孔庙) from here?
------It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.
A. How many
B. How long
C. How much
D. How far
( )13、-----______may I keep these book?
-----two weeks.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How long
D. How soon
( )14、Tina is unhappy now,________?
A. isn’t she
B. is she
C. is he
D. did she
( )15、---_____you _____TV at the moment?
----No ,you can turn it off.
A. Did, watch
B. Are ,watching
C. Do ,watch
D. Have , watched ( )16、----_____do you go to Hong Kong?
----sorry , I’ve never been there.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How soon
( )17、A: ______you ever _____ the Great Wall?
B: Only once.
A. Did ,go
B. Have , been to
C. Have ,gone to
D. Have ,been in ( )18、----You lent me some money a few months ago.
-----_____? I don’t remember lending you any money .
A. Did I
B. Did you
C. Do I
D. Do you
( )19、----______is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?
----About two kilometers.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How soon
D. How long
( )20、----Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?
----______.
A. Yes, a dictionary
B. No, a magazine
C. A dictionary
D. Yes both ( )21、My uncle has never been to a foreign country,_______?
A. has he
B. does he
C. hasn’t he
D. doesn’t he
( )22、There is some water in that bottle, isn’t _______
A. there
B. it
C. that
D. those
( )23、----_______will the foreign students be back from Nanjing.
----In two days, I think .
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How far
D. How fast
( )24、----Have you seen the film Return Of the King ?
-----_______. I going to see it tonight.
A. No , I didn’t
B. Yes ,I do
C. Yes ,I have
D. Not yet
( )25、----John, will you please paint the door yellow?
----__________?
A. Why
B. What is it
C. How is it
D. How about
( )26、---Let’s go and play football,__________?
---That’s wonderful.
A. will you
B. do you
C. won’t you
D. shall we
( )27、---The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister,_______?
---Yes, because his mother has gone shopping.
A. does he
B. is he
C. doesn’t he
D. hasn’t he
( )28、---You won’t follow his example, will you ?
---________________,I don’t think he is right.
A. No, I won’t
B. Yes, I will
C. No, I will
D. Yes, I won’t
( )29、----____________?
---The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl
B. Who’s that girl
C. Which girl
D. Where’s the girl ( )30、______the population of china?
A. How many
B. How much
C. How’s
D. What’s
Ⅲ. 汉译英
（A）感叹句
1. 多棒的书啊！
2. 多么有趣的故事呀！
3. 多么漂亮的花呀！
4. 多么大的雪呀！
5. 多么诚实的孩子呀！
6. 时间过得真快呀！
7. 好凉快呀！
8. 精彩极了！
9. 多么高的楼房呀！
10. 多么糟糕的天气呀！
11. 多么明亮的阳光呀！
（B）主语+谓语（S+V）
1. 他们将接受建议。
2. 外国游客将于本周六抵达。
3. 在中国，人们经常吃饺子来庆祝春节。
4. 他和他的妻子两年前居住在英国。
5. 他们将飞往巴黎去参观博物馆。
6. 校长通常比老师们早到学校。
7. 渔民在四月份捕了很多鱼。
8. 他正喘着粗气。
9. 消防员正在体育馆里进行乒乓球比赛。
10. 长颈鹿和它的孩子正在森林里散步。
(C) 主语+系动词+表语（S+P+V）
1. 那个年长的男人是我们工厂的工程师。
2. 教练们正在练习如何使用计算机。
3. 总统正在听音乐会。
4. 三明治和蔬菜在冰箱里。
5. 大学生们正在准备竞赛。
6. 他是一个著名的飞行员。
7. 我觉得这个主意太好了。
8. 昨天我借的那本书非常有意思。
9. 对我来说解决这个问题是很重要的。
10. 那个婴儿看上去好像睡着了。
11. 天气变得越来越暖，花闻起来很香。
12. 他总是保持沉默。
13. 树叶在秋天变黄。
14. 我的体温看来是正常的。
(D) 主语+及物动词+宾语
1. 爸爸喜欢晚饭后看报纸。
2.他刚刚写完他的书法。
3.我们班长不想放弃数学。
4.我想知道你同意谁。
5.这位医生在给谁做手术? （S+vi+prep+O）
6.这些外国游客昨天晚间到达沈阳.
7.他害怕攀登。
8.或许我需要一些睡眠。
9.小婴儿不再哭泣啦。
10.玛丽喜欢听我说话。
11.童年的时候我不知道怎样节约时间。
12.那个俄国人想要买些葡萄酒。
(E) 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
13.王太太给他的丈夫买了一条领带作为生日礼物。
14.请给我看看那些艺术珍品。
15.她把她的笔记借给了她的秘书。
16.他的精神给了我很大的力量。
17.那个老妈妈给孩子们做了一些香肠。
18.他给我看了一些长城的照片。
19.经理借给了我一副手套。
20.这个新的手提包花了他600元。
21.我们把那些人叫欧洲人。
22.给我指一下走哪条道好吗？
(F) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
23.他发现学习英语很重要。
24.约翰请我今天晚间帮他学物理。
25.没见到他们我不会让你走的。
26.有人看见他昨天夜里在街上哭。
27.你以前听过他唱歌吗?
28.前天我发现那个穿着红裙子的小女孩。
29.我们认为他是一个优秀的飞行员。
30.他告诉我什么也不要给你。
(G) There be 句型
31.杯子里有一点水。
32.路的两边有很多树。
33.桌子上有一把小刀，两把尺子和一块橡皮。
34.桌子上有5本书 1个文具盒和3个作业本。
35.刚才房子旁边有一辆自行车。
36明天下午将有两场足球。
37.还有20棵树要种。
38.近20年来,我的家乡已有很大的变化。
39.几年来一直未下雨。
40.今晚可能还有一场地震。
41他的决定必定还有其他的理由。
42.没什么可担心的。
43没什么时间了。
44.我的自行车出了毛病。
45.你没事了。
46.上个月每周一都有一个会议。
47.我的电脑似乎有点毛病。
48.那天碰巧有一个事故。
49.那儿有一座楼。
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1. Those children aren’t students. Are those children students?
2. We can’t see many girls in the picture. Can we see many girls in the picture?
3. They won’t go to England for a visit.Will they go to England for a visit?
4. The young men are having a party. Aren’t the young men having a party?
5. She hasn’t been to Shanghai yet. Has she been to Shanghai already?
6. Please be quiet.
7. Don’t stand in front of the class. 7. Stand in front of the class, will you?
8. Neither Mary nor Tony is a good student. 8. Are both Mary and Tony good students?
9. None of the students in our class is/are going to visit the Science Museum.
Are all the students in our class going to visit the Science Museum?
10. There is an English test on Friday, isn’t there?
11. There won’t be a report on Chi nese history tomorrow.
Will there be a report on Chinese history tomorrow?
12. Tom doesn’t have his lunch in the school.
Does Tom have his lunch in the school?
Tom has his lunch in the school, doesn’t he?
13. John doesn’t do his homework at home.
Does John do his homework at home?
John does his homework at home, doesn’t he?
14. He didn’t see the TV news yesterday evening.
Did he see the TV news yesterday evening?
He saw the TV news yesterday evening, didn’t he?
15. I don’t think you are right. Do you think I’m right?
16. This kind of car isn’t made in Japan. 16. Is this kind of car made in Japan?
17. Who 18. Whose 19. Which 20. What does, do 21. What has 22. How long did
23. What does, do 24. What day 25. How many, are there 26. Where does 27. How do
28. Why couldn’t29. didn’t say anything; Did , say anything30. When do
31. Which woman 32. How much did, spend 33. Neither, is 34. With whom did 35. did, doing 36. How often does 37. How long has 38. How far 39. What, be 40. How will
41. How often did 42. How many times 43. can he 44. shall we 45. does he
46. doesn’t he47. hasn’t she48.cold 49.How 50.How fluently
Ⅱ1—5 CBDCC 6---10 BCACD 11---15 CDCAB 16---20 BBABC 21---25 AAAAA 26---30 DCACD
Ⅲ (A)感叹句
1. What a wonderful book it is!
2. What an interesting story it is!
3. What beautiful flowers they are!
4. What heavy snow it is!
5. What an honest boy!
6. How time flies!
7. How cool! 8. How wonderful!
9. What tall buildings they are! / How tall the buildings are!
10. What bad weather it is! / How bad the weather is!
11. What bright sunshine it is!/ How bright the sunshine is!
(B)主语+谓语（S+V）
1. They will accept the advice.
2. The foreign visitors will arrive this Saturday.
3. In China, people often eat dumplings to celebrate the Spring Festival.
4. He lived with his wife in England two years ago.
5. They will fly to Paris to visit the museum.
6. The principle often goes to school earlier than teachers.
7. The fisherman caught a lot of fish in April.
8. He is breathing heavily.
9. The firemen are playing table tennis in the gym.
10. The giraffe is walking with the baby in the forest.
(C)主语+系动词+表语（S+P+V）
1. The elder man is our factory’s engineer.
2. The coaches are practicing how to use computer.
3. The president is at the concert.
4. The sandwiches and vegetables are in the fridge.
5. The college students are preparing for the competition.
6. He is a famous pilot.
7. It sounds like a fantastic idea to me.
8. The book I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.
9. It is important for me to solve the problems.
10. The baby seemed to be asleep.
11. The weather gets warmer and warmer, and the flowers smell sweet.
12. He always keeps silent.
13. The leaves turn brown in autumn.
14. My temperature seems all right.
(D)主语+及物动词+宾语
1.Father likes reading newspapers after supper.
2.He has just finished his handwriting.
3.Our monitor doesn’t want to give up maths.
4. I wonder whom you agree with.
5.Who is this doctor operating on?
6.These foreign travelers arrived in Shenyang yesterday evening.
7.She is afraid of climbing.
8.Maybe I need some sleep.
9.The baby stopped crying.
10.Mary enjoys listening to me.
11.I didn’t know how to save time at the age of my childhood.
12. That Russian would like to buy some wine.
(E) 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
13. Mrs. Wang bought a tie for her husband as his birthday present.
14. Please show us those art treasures.
15. She lent her notebooks to her secretary.
16.His spirit gave me much energy.
17. The old woman made some sausages for the kids.
18. He showed me some pictures of the Great Wall.
19. The manager lent me a pair of gloves.
20. This new handbag cost him six hundred yuan.
21. We call those people from Europe European.
22. Would you show us which way to take?
(F) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
23. He found it important to learn English.
24. John will ask me to help him with his physics this evening.
25. I won’t let you go without seeing them.
26. Someone saw him crying in the street last night.
27. Have you heard her sing before ?
28. I found the girl in a red dress the day before yesterday.
29.We found him a excellent pilot.
30. He told me not to give you anything.
(G)There be 句型
31. There is a little water in the glass.
32. There are a lot of trees on each side of the road.
33. There is a knife , two rulers and an eraser.
34. There are five books a pencil-case and three exercise books.
35. There was a bike near the house a moment ago.
36. There are going to be two football matches tomorrow afternoon.
37. There will be 20 more trees to be planted.
38. There have been great changes in my hometown during the past 20 years.
39. There hasn’t been rains for years.
40. There may be another earthquake tonight
41. There must be another reason for his decision
42. There is nothing to worry about.
43. There is little time left.
44. There is something wrong with my bike.
45. There’s nothing much wrong with you.
46. There used to be a meeting on Monday last month.
47. There seem to be something wrong with my computer.
48. There happened to be an accident that day.
49. There stands a little building.
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
句子成分及种类
句子成分&句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的必需部分；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分；其他成分如状语和定语，是句子的辅助部分。有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语，它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系，称为独立成分。 1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can’t use the computer. (名词作主语) He teaches us English. (代词作主语) Three and five is eight. (数词作主语) To read in bed is bad for your eyes. (不定式作主语) Eating more vegetables is good for us. (动名词短语作主语) That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. (从句作主语) (广东)Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days _____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. (简单谓语) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (简单谓语) I can play the baseball. (合成谓语) Our city becomes more beautiful. (合成谓语) 3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当。 I bought a book. (单宾语，名词) The news surprised us. (单宾语，代词) He told me the news about it. (双宾语，代词/名词) A friend lent some money to me. (双宾语，名词/代词) We consider him an honest boy. (复合宾语) Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. (复合宾语) 4.表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等，与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语。 My pen friend is an American boy. (名词) This book isn’t mine. (代词) He was the first to come to school yesterday. (数词) The man looks strong. (形容词) My father is out. (副词) His job is to clean the school. (动词不定式短语) The dictionary is in the bag. (介词短语) Wasting time is killing yourself. (动名词短语) The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. (从句) 5.定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分，分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
11句子成分和句子种类
11.句子和句子种类 1. There is something really invisible,__________? 2. Not until I went through his paper did I find _____ rapid progress he had made in writing. 3. Don interrupt while another student is speaking, ________? 4.It's the first time that he has been to Australia, _______? 5.______ different life today is from what it was 20 years ago! 6. Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ______? 7.________(search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. 8. _____ exciting a football match this is ! 9.When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _______? 10. Mary, ______(come) here ----- everybody else, stay where you are. 11. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, __________? 12. I’m sure you'd rather she went to school by bus, __________? 13.There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, __________? 14. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _________? 15. There used to be some low, shabby houses in this city,__________? 16. She must have read the novel at home,________? 17.If you want help---- money or anything, let me know, _________? 18. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 19. I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, __________? 20. The ten-year- old girl dislikes history, ________?
单句类型及句子成分
第五节单句类型及句子成分 一、句子 句子是由词或短语构成的语言的基本运用单位。 从结构上看，短语和句子同属句法结构：不带语气的句法结构是短语，带上语气的句法结构是句子。但短语与句子毕竟不是一回事。短语是材料单位、静态单位，句子是表达单位、动态单位。句子有自己的结构类型和语气类型，还有特殊成分。 二、句子的类型 1.从结构上分，句子可以分为单句和复句。 单句由一个短语或一个词构成，复句由两个或两个以上的分句（取消了独立性的单句）构成。我们一般所说的“句子”，指的是“单句”。 单句又可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 如“明天晴天。”“这里风景优美。”“他来了。”是主谓句。 “好！”“严禁吸烟。”是非主谓句。 2.从语气上分，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。例如： Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（感叹句） 从结构上对句子划分得出的类型叫句型，从语气上对句子的划分得出的类型叫句类。句型和句类是对句子作不同角度的划分得出的类型，因此，一个句子总是兼属这两种性质不同的类型。例如：Ａ．理想是前进的灯塔。（主谓句、陈述句） Ｂ．你上哪儿？（主谓句、疑问句） Ｃ．请勿吸烟！（非主谓句、祈使句） Ｄ．多么可爱的秋色啊！（非主谓句、感叹句） Ｅ．你真了不起！（主谓句、感叹句） 三、单句句型 单句可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。 （一）主谓句 由主谓结构构成的句子叫主谓句。 １．名词性谓语句 由名词性词语充当谓语的句子叫名词性谓语句。名词单独充当谓语的情况较少，较多的情况是名词性偏正结构。例如： Ａ．今天阴天。Ｂ．明天中秋。 Ｃ．鲁迅浙江人。Ｄ．赣，江西省的简称。 Ｅ．猪肉两斤半。Ｆ．他两个儿子。 Ｇ．这部小说去年出版的。Ｈ．他圆圆的脸，大大的眼睛。 Ｉ．老李好眼力。 ２．动词性谓语句
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和种类
英语专题复习----句子成分和句子种类句子成分和主谓一致 A.按要求划分下列句子的成分 1.The boy students are in our school. (主语) 2.Making a vocabulary list is very important. (主语) 3.It’s easy to finish the work on time. (主语) 4.What we shall do next is not decided. (主语) 5.We have run out of the time. (谓语) 6.English is spoken in many countries. (谓语) 7.He can fix up old cars. (谓语) 8.We often help him. (宾语) 9.He likes to play basketball. (宾语) 10.He asked if he could get his ears pierced. (宾语) 11.The man showed us a few photos. (宾语) 12.Sad movies always make us cry. (宾语补足语) 13.I find English difficult. (宾语补足语) 14.He saw the man escaping from the house. (宾语补足语) 15.I was heard to sing in the classroom just now. (宾语补足语) 16.I am a teacher. (表语) 17.The story sounds interesting. (表语) 18.The office is ten minutes’ walk from here. (定语) 19.The 8-year-old boy is very clever. (定语) 20.This is a book which tells about fish. (定语) 21.I want to retire somewhere quiet. (定语) 22.We hardly ever visit the history museum. (状语) 23.He did homework carefully at home. (状语) 24.When I grow up, I want to be a lawer. (状语) 25.I like comedies because they are interesting. (状语) B.单项选择（包含主谓一致） ( )1. Physics ____one of the ____ subjects in middle school. A. are; important B. is; most important C. is; more important D. are; much important ( )2. Not only the parents but also James ____ London. They will come back in a month. A. has been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. have gone to ( )3. Milk and bread ___ my favorite food every morning. A. is B. are C. will be D. was ( )4. The teacher with two of her students _____ the classroom. A. are walking B. is entering C. is walking C. are entering into ( )5. There ____ a bird and some kites in the sky. A. is B. are C. were D. be ( )6. It is very difficult ____ the work without your help. A. do B. doing C. to do D. that do ( )7. We often help ____ with the housework. A. he B. her C. they D. my ( ) 8. The little girl was seen ____ in the next room.
句子成分、结构和种类
句子成分、结构和种类 一、句子成分 1、主语：主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当 2、谓语：表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般由动词担当，位于主语的后面，体现句 子的时态、语态、语气等。谓语动词有人称和数的变化。 （1）简单谓语:凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语 （2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。【“情态动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 我不知道她的地址。【“助动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 陈老师是我的数学老师。【“连系动词+表语”作复合谓语】 _____________________________________________ 3、表语：说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介 词短语等都可以作表语。 琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。【名词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 那个数码相机是我的。【代词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 运动会之后我感到很累。【形容词作表语】 _____________________________________________ 4、宾语：表示动作、行为的对象，可用在及物动词和介词之后。可以作宾语主要成分有名 词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，一般指物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，一般指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于其后，位于其后时，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。 我们支持你的计划【名词作宾语】 _____________________________________________ 他邀请了我去俱乐部。【代词作宾语】 _____________________________________________ 他昨天给了我一本书。 _____________________________________________ 5、定语：用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，一般由代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词（短 语）来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语，定语有前置定语和后置定语，前置定语多是单词的形式，后置定语多是短语或从句。 你的包在沙发上【代词作定语】 _____________________________________________ 穿蓝衣服的男孩是汤姆。【介词短语作后置定语】 _____________________________________________ 6、状语：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的。它表达的特征有时间、地点、方式、原因、目 的、结果等，可以充当状语的有副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、状语从句等。 我们这个周末去野营好吗？【表时间】 _____________________________________________ 我去那儿看我叔叔。【表地点】 _____________________________________________
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及种类
句子成分& 句子结构 一、句子成分 句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的必需部分；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分；其他成分如状语和定语，是句子的辅助部分。有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语，它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系，称为独立成分。 1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当。 Some people can ' t use the computet^作主语） He teaches us English. （代词作主语） Three and five is eight. （数词作主语） To read in bed is bad for your eyes. （不定式作主语） Eating more vegetables is good for us. （动名词短语作主语） That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. （从句作主语） （广东）Do you need more time to complete the task? Yes, another ten days ____ enough. A, is B, are C, was D, were 2.谓语 : 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词或短语动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语。 The boy speaks Japanese. （简单谓语） Don' t get off the busuntil it has stopped. （简单谓语） I can play the baseball. （合成谓语） Our city becomes more beautiful. （合成谓语）