网易公开课：立大志笔记整理-推荐下载
缘褛-中国
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办公室提案改善点子汇总
办公室提案改善点子汇总提案一：改善员工工作环境在办公室中，员工的工作环境对于他们的工作效率和舒适度起着至关重要的作用。
因此，我们可以采取以下措施来改善员工的工作环境：1. 提供舒适的工作座椅和办公桌：选择符合人体工程学的工作座椅和办公桌，以确保员工可以正确地坐姿工作，减少腰椎和颈椎的负担。
2. 提供充足的自然光照：研究表明，自然光照可以提高员工的工作效率和情绪状态。
因此，我们可以在办公室中增加窗户和透明隔板，以便更多的自然光进入办公区域。
3. 设立休闲区域：在办公室中设立一个专门的休闲区域，供员工放松身心。
这个区域可以配备舒适的沙发、净水器和书籍杂志，员工可以在休息时间放松一下，以提高工作效率。
提案二：优化办公流程办公流程的优化可以提高工作效率和减少错误率。
为此，我们可以考虑以下改进措施：1. 引入数字化工具：通过引入数字化工具，如办公软件、电子邮件、在线会议等，可以加快信息传递和协作效率，减少文件丢失和沟通错误。
2. 优化会议流程：会议是办公室中常见的沟通方式，但往往会占用大量的时间和资源。
我们可以通过明确会议议程、减少与会人数、缩短会议时间等方式来优化会议流程，提高会议效率。
3. 建立信息共享平台：建立一个统一的信息共享平台，员工可以在上面共享和查找相关文件和信息，避免重复劳动和信息不对称的问题。
提案三：改善员工福利待遇员工的福利待遇直接影响到他们的工作积极性和忠诚度。
因此，我们可以考虑以下改进措施：1. 提供灵活的工作时间：允许员工根据个人需要灵活安排工作时间，例如弹性上下班、远程办公等，以提高员工的工作满意度和生活质量。
2. 提供培训和发展机会：为员工提供持续的培训和发展机会，帮助他们提升技能和职业能力，增加工作动力和成就感。
3. 建立员工奖励制度：建立员工奖励制度，如年度表彰、优秀员工奖等，激励员工积极工作，提高工作质量和效率。
通过以上改善点子的实施，我们可以提高办公室的工作环境和流程，优化员工的福利待遇，进而提高员工的工作效率和满意度。
土方工程承包合同协议书土方工程承包合同协议书模板
土方工程承包合同协议书土方工程承包合同协议书模板土石方承包合同协议书范文发包方（甲方）：____________________________________承包方（乙方）：____________________________________本着平等互利的原则，按照国家《中华人民共和国劳动法》等相关的法律法规。
经甲、乙双方共同协商，_____________土石方平场工程承包合同协议如下：一、工程承包内容土方开挖、运输、回填、弃土、场地平整和清淤除表等全部工作内容（土方开挖_____立方米、回填碾压_____立方米、弃土_____立方米、平整场地_____平方米）。
二、工程地点____________________。
三、安全在施工过程中，一切安全事故由__方自行负责。
四、工程技术要求乙方按设计图纸和现行施工规范规定及项目部（甲方）的技术要求施工，安全施工交底，进行组织施工。
土方运输过程中的道路维修、卫生由乙方自行负责搞好。
五、乙方应认真按照标准、规范和设计图纸要求以及项目部依据合同发出的指令施工，随时接受项目部的检查和检验，工程质量达不到约定标准的部分，项目部一经发现，应要求乙方重新施工，因乙方原因达不到约定标准，由乙方承担重新施工的费用，工期不予顺延。
六、工程量的计算1、以施工图纸挖方工程量计算（挖方综合单价已包括土方开挖、运输、回填、弃土、场地平整和清淤除表等全部内容）。
2、施工中，发生工程量增减和新增工程时，经项目部确认后调整合同价款后签定补充协议。
弃土地点施工现场南边场外就近弃土、红番弃土场弃土，土方堆积高度按规划设计规定的高度以下。
七、价格本工程采用以挖方工程量为计量基础的综合单价包干（挖方综合单价已包括土方开挖、运输、回填碾压、弃土、场地平整和清淤除表等全部内容）。
综合单价人民币____元/m3由乙方自负盈亏包干施工。
八、施工现场内的障碍物（含房屋搬迁、水电拆迁）由甲方负责清除，决不影响乙方施工。
数制与编码 教课课件(精选)共41页
谢谢！
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。如乐之者。——孔子
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29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
数制与编码 教课课件（精选）
61、辍学如磨刀之石，不见其损，日 有所亏 。 62、奇文共欣赞，疑义相与析。
63、暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟，狗吠 深巷中 ，鸡鸣 桑树颠 。 64、一生复能几，倏如流电惊。 65、少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。
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部编初中语文八下《应有格物致知精神》课堂笔记
应有格物致知精神一、作者简介丁肇中，1936年生，祖籍山东日照，美籍华裔物理学家，中国科技大学名誉教授，1976年获诺贝尔物理学奖。
丁肇中热心培养中国高能物理学人才，经常选拔中国青年科学工作者去他所领导的小组工作。
他的研究方向是高能实验粒子物理学，曾发现“J粒子”。
二、写作背景本文选自《瞭望》1991年第44期。
有改动。
这是作者1991年10月在北京人民大会堂举行的“情系中华”大会上发表的演讲。
受传统教育的影响，我国基础教育过于注重基础知识和基本技能的训练，而忽视对学生创新精神和实践能力的培养，这就致使学生不能适应时代的发展，因而影响到了民族的振兴和国家的前途。
鉴于此，作者根据现代学术的发展和个人的经验，联系传统文化和我国的现状，向我们提出了忠告：应有格物致知精神。
三、导读理解1、第1段写了哪些内容？有什么作用？解析：第1段是此次演讲的开场白，作者首先表达了对被授予特别荣誉奖的感谢，说明了自己写《怀念》这篇文章的初衷，并由此引出演讲的主题——学习自然科学的中国学生应该怎样了解自然科学。
2、第4段举王阳明的例子，想要说明什么？解析：举王阳明“格”竹苦思最终失败的例子，证明了传统儒家对实验的态度是将“探察外界”误认为“探讨自己”，这是由儒家传统的看法决定的，从而证明了“传统的中国教育并不重视真正的格物和致知”这一观点。
3、文章第9段“一个成功的实验需要的是眼光、勇气和毅力”中的“眼光”“勇气”“毅力”三个词语能否调换位置？为什么？解析：不能。
这三个词语按逻辑顺序排列，一个成功的实验，首先要有眼光，能选择正确的目标；选择目标后，要想使实验取得成功，必须有勇气，同时要有持之以恒的毅力。
4、请结合课文第2-9段的内容概括古今“格物致知”的不同含义。
解析：古代的“格物致知”一般是向自己的内心去探索所谓的治国平天下之道，侧重于抽象的道理。
现代的“格物致知”是：一、对客观事物的探索；二、探索应当有想象力、有计划，目的是获得新知。
中国历史常识中俄文对照2
小资料 Справка
三皇五帝
三皇是传说中远古时期的帝王，通常的 说法是指燧人、伏羲、神农。五帝是 中国古代传说中远古时期的帝王，时 代比三皇略晚。五帝通常指黄帝、颛 顼 (Zhuānxū)、帝喾 (Dìkù)、尧和舜。 Три правителя, пять императоров В далекую эпоху тремя правителями обычно называли людей, добывающих о го н ь , л юд е й , с о зд а в ш и х во с е м ь триграмм, и людей, выращивающих хлеб и собирающих лекарственные травы. Пять императоров жили позже эпохи трех правителей. Обычно в пятерку императоров входят Хуанди, Чжуаньсюй, Дику, Яо и Шунь.
黄帝和禹传说时期地域示意图
Карта владений императора Хуанди по легенде.
ДРЕВНЯЯ ИСТОРИЯ КИТАЯ
中国古代史
В Китае часто говорят: «Я - потомок Яня и Хуана». Это выражение связано с персонажами легенды императорами Яньди и Хуанди. Приблизительно более 4000 лет назад в бассейне реки Хуанхэ обитало множество народностей и племен. Императоры Хуанди и Яньди возглавляли два самых знаменитых племени. В то время на Востоке было еще одно мощное племя Цзюли, его возглавлял Чию - человек редкой силы. Цзюлийцы умели изготовлять различное оружие, были храбрыми воинами и часто совершали набеги на другие племена. По легенде племя Чию в целях расширения своих владений пошло войной на племя Яньди и разбило его на голову. Яньди попросил защиты у Хуанди. Последний уже давно мечтал уничтожить Чию. Объединившись с Яньди, он дал в широком поле бой Чию. Битва происходила в Чжолу ( на территории нынешней Хэбэй ). И вдруг в разгаре жаркого боя небо потемнело, все вокруг окутал густой туман, скрыв обоих противников. Хуанди с помощью компасной повозки вывел своих воинов в нужном направлении, атаковал Чию, захватил его в плен и казнил. После Чжолуской битвы племена Хуанди и Яньди перессорились из-за места вождя в других племенах. Произошло столкновение, в результате которого Яньди потерпел крупное поражение. С тех пор Хуанди встал во главе всех племен Центральной равнины. Постепенно между племенами укреплялся обмен в области языка, традиций, труда и быта. В итоге длительного слияния и развития образовалась хуасяская нация. Хуася - предшественница ханьской нации, являющейся главной составной частью китайской нации. Хуася считала Хуанди и Яньди своими предками, отсюда и пошло выражение «потомки Яня и Хуана». Еще и сегодня ханьцы и другие братские национальности любят повторять эти слова.
校园冰雪公开课笔记共八节课
从这个公开课，我了解到了冰雪运动的发展情况：起步阶段从1952年至1978年，这一期间我国成功举办了冬季运动会和单项全国冠军赛、锦标赛，奠定了我国冰雪运动的赛事基础。
成长阶段从1979年至2001年，我国首次参加世界冬奥会、成功举办亚冬会和全冬会，群众参加冰雪运动的热情不断高涨，1993年我国颁布《关于培育体育市场加快体育产业化进程的意见》，奠定了我国冰雪运动产业化发展的基础。
发展阶段从2002年至2014年，市场机制逐步走向成熟，冬奥会赛场不断创造佳绩，“百万青少年上冰雪”、“百万市民上冰雪”等群众性冰雪活动蓬勃开展，吉林长春瓦萨滑雪节、黑龙江省哈尔滨国际冰雪节等冰雪文化品牌影响越来越大。
跨越式发展阶段从2015年开始，全国从中央到地方、从北方到南方、从冬季到夏季、从企业到个人，宣传力度前所未有、冰雪活动丰富多样、群众参与热情空前高涨，成为体育产业发展的重要内容和主要力量，可以预计在未来一段时期内冰雪运动将以前所未有的速度、深度和广度在全国普及和发展。
此外，也对奥运会和冬奥会的区别有了一定的了解：时间不同：一个是夏季奥运会，简称奥运会。
一个是冬季奥运会，简称冬奥会。
运动项目不同：夏季奥运会项目有：球类，田径，游泳等等。
冬季奥运会则主要跟天气有关，如滑雪滑冰等。
重视程度不同。
国际社会比较注重夏季奥运会，而冬季奥运会由于气候条件限制，一般没有夏季奥运会那么受到关注。
经过多年发展，我国冰雪运动在群众普及、竞技成绩和产业等方面都取得了一定的发展，但与世界冰雪运动发达国家相比，我国的基础设施条件和水平仍处于起步阶段。
2022年，我们将举办奥林匹克冬季奥运会，我们应抓住机会，大力发展冰雪运动，去鼓励更多的人加入冰雪运动，普及冬季运动观念，培养冬季项目人才等措施，满足人们日益增长的参与冰雪运动的需求，去弘扬冰雪精神，引领更多青少年了解奥林匹克知识，我相信我们中国未来可期，必会在冰雪运动方面有所成就。
教学中，在没有速滑教材的情况下，创编校本课程，将滑冰分为陆地模仿和冰上技术两个部分，从直道滑跑学起，逐渐延伸到内八字急停和转身急停，在学生单支撑平衡能力增强后适时学习弯道技术，将起跑、重点冲刺等完整的速度滑冰技术融入到课堂教学中，创编丰富多样的游戏，巩固滑冰技术，如游戏推人、钻山洞、老鹰捉小鸡等。
笔记(邓林)
关于网销创业动力营学习笔记（张老授课篇）一、人生警句1、天下最大的权利是选择的权利，每个人最大的自由是梦想的自由2、穷人和富人的本质差别：穷人什么苦都能出，但惟独不吃学习的苦。
富人什么苦都不能吃，但就是能吃学习的苦。
3、千金难买我愿意4、这一辈子我可以选择创业，也可以选择打工，但我一定会选择为自己的信仰打工，为自己的梦想打工，为自己的家人打工。
5、动力营的这几天学习，最重要的学习是带着老板的思维学习，而不是员工的思维。
6、90-10法则7、成功的人总把欣赏当成一种习惯。
8、未来的竞争，一步先，步步先9、欣赏是一份能力，欣赏不取决于对方，欣赏力是当老板的必备能力。
10、学习可持续的电子商务，健康的电子商务——身体最重要。
11、天下最大的学问是问。
12、我们遇到的很多问题答案往往藏在问题里。
13、回答问题时，首先要说这问题其实很简单。
一个人的焦点正确方法自然很多。
14、学会谦虚。
15、好的念头导致好的结果。
16、如果要在竞争中胜出得先在意识上胜出。
17、敢于当第一个吃螃蟹的人。
18、永远保持猜想的习惯，预知未来，不管预知准不准，这样做总是对的。
——先知19、未来你为客户服务一定是根据客户的需求而报价格。
而不是自己的成本。
20、根据为客户创造的价值而取价。
21、谨记：所有的老板都是很聪明的。
22、谁有资格回答——基于真实的数据分析23、商务是核心，电子是商务的翅膀。
24、企业永远注重本质：①赚钱②省钱这就是商业法则25、所有从事商业的都得研究销售心理学。
26、把人性用到商业上，依仗人的本能赚钱。
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33、世界上哪个最可怕的事是比你更优秀的人都还在努力的学习。
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第一课,志向远大有理想篇一：诸葛亮给孩子上的十课诸葛亮给孩子上的十节哲学课第一课志向远大有理想志当存高远，把自己和94个失败者区别开来。
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saej2260v002
SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARD SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report isentirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2004 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)2.2Related PublicationsThe following publications are for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document.2.2.1ASTM P UBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM D 412—Test Methods for Rubber Properties in TensionASTM D 4000—Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsASTM D 4066—Specification for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials3.Installation, Assembly, and Handling Recommendation3.1End FittingsEnd fittings can be assembled to the tubing providing that they do not cause mechanical damage to the tubing that results in decreased performance. Assemblies manufactured with tubing described in this document and end fittings must meet all of the requirements of SAE J2045.3.2Support and RoutingWhen installed in a vehicle this tubing shall be routed and supported so as to:a. Prevent chafing, abrasion, kinking, or other mechanical damage.b. Be protected against road hazards by installation in a protected location or by providing adequateshielding in vulnerable areas.c. Be protected from heat by proper clearance or the addition of insulation and/or heat shielding (refer toSAE J2027), for use in applications where temperatures exceed the upper limits of 115 °C.3.3HandlingTubing ends should be protected during handling and storage to prevent internal contamination.4.ConstructionTubing shall consist of an extrudate of one or more layers within the body of the wall. The dimensions and tolerances of the one or various layers shall be expressed in millimeters and the material name should be called out on the drawing.4.1MaterialsThe requirements of this document apply to the tubing as a whole and not necessarily to the individual materials used in the construction of the tubingF or monowall tubing, the material used must meet all applicable exposure criteria described in this document.4.2.2.3 A single construction of multilayer tubing in which one layer is regrind must be qualified. Oncequalified, the thickness and position of the regrind layer is fixed but any blend of regrind less than the amount qualified may be used in the regrind layer.4.2.2.4Qualification of a regrind/virgin resin blend applies only to the manufacturer who developed theregrind blend and tubing construction and obtained the qualification.4.2.3R EGRIND G UIDELINES4.2.3.1If single resin regrind is used to produce monowall tubing or the inner or outer wall of multilayerconstructions the amount of regrind in the blend shall be limited to 10% max.4.2.3.2Use of regrind might have an effect on the long term capability of tubing to resist exposure tolong term heat aging or zinc chloride. The end user should be consulted to determine if moreaggressive testing is necessary than listed in this document.4.3ColorThe outside layer of the tubing constructions is usually black although, alternative colors are permissible, if necessary, for purposes of color-coding. The following criteria must be met:a. The tubing color and the label color must be such that there is sufficient contrast to achieve easyreadability.b. Material used in outside layer of the MLT or as the material of the monowall tubing should be U.V.stabilized to withstand expected exposure (either with an additive or by the inherent characteristics of the material). Requirements necessary to adequately resist sunlight exposure will depend strongly on the application. The end user must be consulted for specific standards to be met. As a general guideline, also refer to SAE J1960.4.4Identification4.4.1The following minimum information, in the order listed, is required. Additional information and/oranother lay line may be added: SAE J2260 – L-D-Type-XX/YY-P.a. L refers to the construction of the tubing: (S for single layer and M for more than one layer)b. D refers to the reference size in mm from Tables A1 located in the Appendix.c. TYPE refers to the type of tube as indicated by two descriptions.1. The first description (xx) refers to conductivity and has 2 options:C: This is a tubing that is conductive as defined by Section 7.9N: This is a tubing that is non-conductive (the requirements of section 7.9 do not have to bemet)2. The second description is (YY) refers to pressure application and has 3 options:HPF: This is a type of tubing described in the scope as high-pressure liquid fuel line.LPF: This is a type of tubing described in the scope as low-pressure liquid fuel line.V: This is a type of tubing described in the scope as one that handles fuel vapor orevaporative emissions.These two descriptions are included by printing them with a “slash” line separating them. Two examples of this “type” as printed on the tubing would be:C/HPF and N/Vd. P refers to the permeation category as determined by the procedures described in 7.10. It shall be asingle digit that is identified from 7.10.5.If it is not practical to print on the outside of the tubing (convoluted tubing or tubing with an outside surface that is not smooth, for example), then the labeling will be done by a tag or loop of tape permanently attached to the outside circumference of the tubing. Such labeling must be repeated every 500 mm or less along the entire length.For convoluted or corrugated tubing, the necessary printing can be done by the labeling or tagging procedure that is described. An acceptable alternative is to print the necessary wording only on each straight end section.4.4.2E XAMPLES OF IDENTIFICATIONThe following are examples of appropriate identification of a tubinga. SAE J2260 – M-8-C/HPF-2: This is a multilayer tubing construction with an 8mm nominal O.D. It isconductive and is targeted toward a high pressure liquid fuel application; permeation category is 2. b. SAE J2260 – M-28-C/LPF-1: This is a multilayer tubing construction with a 28mm nominal O.D. It isconductive and is targeted toward a low-pressure liquid fuel application; permeation category is 1.c. SAE J2260 – S-14-N/V-4: This is a monowall tubing with a 14mm nominal O.D. It is non-conductiveand is targeted toward a fuel vapor application; permeation category is 4.5.Dimensions5.1Tubing Sizes and Dimensions5.1.1D IAMETERSTubing diameters refer to outside diameter (O.D.); standard sizes and their tolerances are listed in Tables A1 and A2 in the Appendix.5.1.2W ALL T HICKNESSThere are numerous factors that can have an influence on the wall thickness that is selected; for example:a. The burst pressure of a given tube construction and diameter is a function of its wall thickness.b. As walls become thicker, the minimum bend radius increases for a given tube diameter (for a free-form bend).c. For MLT constructions with elastomeric covers, the critical dimension is the ID. The wall thickness isdetermined by the materials utilized and the requirements of the applicationd. Tubing wall thickness may differ for convoluted/corrugated wall (refer to Section 6.3)The result of all these factors is that the end user must be consulted to determine all requirements. The wall thickness is then determined by those requirements and the materials selected for the various layers of the multilayer tubing or for the monowall tubing.Details on available standard wall thicknesses and their tolerances are found in Tables A1 and A2.5.3.2C ONNECTORS,P LUGS,M ANDRELSFor the various tests that are done, there are a variety of connectors, plugs, and mandrels that are used for the various exposure testing. The material from which those are made shall be a type 300 stainless steel or equivalent (as agreed to by end user and producer).6.Convoluted or Corrugated Tubing (CVT)6.1CriteriaSome applications may require tubing with flexibility beyond the capability of straight wall tubing. Tubing with a wall that has a convoluted or corrugated configuration for all or portions of its length can resolve this concern. A CVT may not have the same performance level as the equivalent straight-wall tube but still it must meet the pertinent acceptance criteria for all sections of this specification appropriate to it’s end use.6.2Test ConsiderationsThe convoluted or corrugated shape of the wall can effect how the CVT is handled as the tests are conducted. Some of these are identified in section 6.4; some others are mentioned in the sections that discuss a particular test. They can have an effect on how specific tests are conducted or results are reported.6.3Dimensional Considerations for CVT6.3.1The CVT shall be identified by its nominal ID; this is the same as ID of the straight wall section ateach end (known as the cuff of the CVT), see Table A1). In most cases, the inner diameter of the straight-wall portion is not exactly the same as the inner diameter of the corrugated area. Due to the manner in which most CVT is produced (with the so called “over-pressure-technique”), the diameter of the corrugated area has an inner diameter which is a little bit smaller than the inner diameter of the cuff ends. If the diameter of the cuff ends and the corrugated area are exactly the same, the sealing plug can touch the inner surface of the cuff ends and causes scratches and core “smear-marks” which then can cause leaks (when the connectors are inserted). Therefore, the inner diameter of the convoluted area typically ends up being about 0.1 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cuff ends. When the tubes are produced with the “vacuum-technique” the inner diameter of the straight-wall can be exactly the same as in the corrugated portion of the tube.6.3.2At each end of the convoluted or corrugated tubing, there will be a straight section (known as thecuff) used to join the tubing to connectors, nipples, and other attachment elements. The dimensions of this cuff will correspond to those identified on Tables A1and A2 unless a non standard size has been specified.6.3.3Wall thickness of the convoluted/corrugated portions of the tubing may differ from those indicatedin Table A1 due to the manufacturing process. Performance tests results will be used to establish that such “routinely occurring” variations in wall thickness are acceptable.NOTE—For dimensional considerations of sections 6.3 refer to tables A2-1 and A2-3 in Appendix.6.4Test Considerations for CVT6.4.1When a test is performed on CVT type tubing, the required procedure can be conducted on eitherthe convoluted portion of the tube or on the straight sections (cuff, for example). These tests are identified in each test description where it is appropriate.6.4.2Wherever possible, tests should focus on the convoluted sections of the tubing. This can be anapplication of the procedure directly to the convoluted or corrugated wall (example is cold impact and kink test). F or layer adhesion, the procedure of 7.13.2 should be followed using the CVT section for all testing after fuel exposures. F or determination of initial layer adhesion, the cuff section should be used. (Section 7.13.1)6.5Consideration for Liquid Fuel Line ApplicationsAny CVT used in liquid fuel applications must meet the conductivity requirements called for in 7.9. In addition, the end user must have the final application carefully tested to determine that unacceptable electrostatic charging is avoided (refer to SAE J1645) during usage and when it’s being tested (such as during fuel recirculation or during permeation measurements (SAE J1737).7.Performance Requirementsa. All tests described in this standard are to be performed on the completed product (tubing) that hasnot been formed (all tests are done on straight tubing). Differences in performance criteria between high pressure liquid fuel, low pressure liquid fuel, and fuel vapor applications are indicated in the procedure or acceptance criteria of each section. If no distinction is made, all types of tubing must meet the entire requirement as written.b. The dimensions and configurations of test specimens used must conform to the guidelines ofsections 5.3 and 6.3, unless there are specific length or other criteria identified for a specific test.c. Tubing shall be allowed to equilibrate at 23 °C and 50% Relative Humidity for a minimum of 24 h afterproduction before it is subjected to any tests.d. For all testing in this section, there shall be a quantity of test specimens used as shown in Table 1.The result of testing each specimen must meet the acceptance criteria. When comparison are made from one section to another, the numeric value used in those comparisons shall be the average of the values obtained for the number of specimens of the specific test procedure.e. All test temperatures specified may vary by ± 2 °C, unless otherwise specified. All times are minimumunless otherwise specified.f. For testing that is done involving flowing fuel (fuel exposure-testing and permeation measurements),there is a possibility of electrostatic charge build up. This is more likely when the wall of the tubing is corrugated or convoluted and/or the material used in the innermost layer is not conductive. Steps should be taken to minimize the occurrence of electrostatic charges. These steps can include (but are not limited to) the following:• reduce flow of fuel to a very low rate• substitute weight loss procedures where such alternative test methods are acceptable• use conductive fittings for the testing and bond them to the appropriate ground plane It is recommended that pertinent sections of the Recommended Practice SAE J1645 be consulted.7.1Room Temperature Burst Test7.1.1I NITIAL B URST T EST M EASUREMENTThe tubing specimens shall be stabilized for ½ to 3 hrs at 23 °C and tested by increasing pressure of a suitable liquid fluid inside the tubing at a rate of 7 MPa/min ± 1 MPa/min. Continue at that rate until tubing bursts. Any type of fitting can be used during this burst test as long as it does not effect the burst capability of the tubing and meets the criteria of 5.3. If the connectors blow out of the tubing before the required level of burst pressure is reached, the data from that particular sample should be discarded. Additional clamps over the existing connectors or fittings may be utilized, if necessary, to ensure that the tubing sample fails by bursting.The initial value for room temperature burst for 5 test specimens must be recorded. The average of those test results will be used as the baseline for comparison of burst tests done on tubing that has been subjected to certain procedures and test fluid exposures (see 7.1.2).7.1.2B URST T EST M EASUREMENTS A FTER E XPOSURESThere are 5 sections of the performance requirements that include a subsequent burst test measurement (7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8, and 7.14). After each of the steps described in each section, the tubing specimen subjected to the particular procedure/exposure is tested by the room temperature burst procedure described in section 7.1.1.NOTE—If the connectors blow out of the “exposed” tubing before the required level of pressure is reached, the result of that particular test should be discarded. The sample can be used again (another connector inserted) to avoid having to conduct the exposure test all over again.7.1.3A CCEPTANCE C RITERIA7.1.3.1For all test specimens that are exposed under the 5 identified sections, the measured burst testresult shall not be less than 75% of the measured initial burst test result on unexposed tubing(initial value obtained in section 7.1.1.).7.1.3.2It is possible for a tube to have a decrease greater than the level indicated in section 7.1.3.1and still be acceptable. For that to be the case, the following criteria must to met:a. After the initial drop off of greater than 25%, the performance of the tube can be proven to level offand to not drop below the minimum burst pressure of section 7.2.1.1 for the expected life of the application.b. Acceptance of such a construction shall be by a specific end user and for a specific producer.(Acceptance by one end user does not imply acceptance by any other end user and acceptance for one producer does not imply acceptance for any other producer).7.2High Temperature Burst Test7.2.1The test procedure described in 7.1.1 shall be performed at a temperature of 115 °C. The tubingshall be stablized at the test temperature for 2 hours prior to conducting the test. A minimum of 5 test specimens are to be used; test results of those 5 will be averaged.FIGURE 3—COLD IMPACT TEST FIXTURE7.5.1P REFERRED P ROCEDUREExpose the test samples and the impact test apparatus to –40 °C for 4 h. Place each sample in the supporting platform of the apparatus and allow the impact head to fall on it. Impact should occur with both apparatus and specimens inside the cold chamber.7.5.2O PTIONAL P ROCEDUREIf the impact test cannot be done inside the cold chamber, the apparatus and the specimens can be removed from the chamber by the following procedure:a. The apparatus is removed from the chamber for up to a 3 min period. During that period, impacttests of several tubing specimens can be completed. At the end of the 3 min period, the apparatus is returned to the chamber for additional temperature soak (–40 °C) of at least 25 min duration. After the additional soak at temperature, the apparatus can be removed again for an additional set of cold impact of tubing specimens (within a 3 min period). This procedure is repeated until all testspecimens have been impacted properly.b. All test specimens are kept in the cold chamber until immediately before impact in the apparatus.When a tubing specimen is removed, it must be impacted in the apparatus within 5 s of its removal from the cold temperature environment.NOTE—The temperature of the ambient air where these impacts occur shall not be higher than 23 °C.7.5.3A CCEPTANCE C RITERIASeveral types of specimens are tested by this impact procedure (after exposures of sections 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.12 and 7.14). In each case, after impact of a tubing specimen, it is allowed to return to 23 °C. The tubing specimen is then subjected to Room Temperature Burst per (see 7.1). All criteria of that section must be met. The sample must be free of visible cracks and fractures (after impact and before burst test).7.6Fuel Exposure-PreconditioningThis is a long-term fuel exposure procedure designed to provide a pre-conditioning step to test specimens that are used in sections 7.5 (cold impact), 7.13 (layer adhesion) and the “C” test fluid exposure for section 7.9 (electrical resistance).This procedure is not intended as a routinely required test because it takes too much time. It is for the initial qualification for each particular wall configuration of a given type of tubing.7.6.1The two test fluids for this procedure shall be “C” and “CE-10”, as described in SAE J1681.7.6.1.1For test fluid C, its composition should remain constant during the full time of exposure. Theimportant consideration is to maintain appropriate fluid levels.7.6.1.2F or test fluid CE-10, the composition of the fluid can change with time (especially alcoholcontent). Besides maintaining the appropriate fluid levels, the alcohol content must be maintained as described in sections 7.6.4.1 (recirculation method) and sections 7.6.4.2 (reservoir/tubing method).7.6.2The temperature of test fluid used in the exposure shall be 60 °C.7.6.3T EST S PECIMENS7.6.3.1For the recirculation method of 7.6.4.1, the tubing can be exposed to the test fluids before it iscut to length (as specified in 5.3.1) for the subsequent tests.7.6.3.2F or the reservoir method of 7.6.4.2, the length of test specimens being exposed to the testfluids shall be as specified in 5.3.1.7.6.3.3F or each specific, defined configuration of layers in the wall construction, only one diametershould be tested for a given wall thickness. Separate tests must be done on tubes having thesame ID, but wall thicknesses or layer configurations that are different.7.6.4P ROCEDURESThere are two procedures described here for exposing the test specimens to each of the two test fluids: Recirculation method (7.6.4.1) and Reservoir/tubing method (7.6.4.2) The procedure of section 7.6.4.1 shall be followed for tubing intended for high pressure liquid fuel applications. For tubing intended for low pressure liquid fuel applications and fuel vapor applications, the procedure of 7.6.4.1 is recommended; however, the optional procedure of section 7.6.4.2 may be followed.7.6.4.1Recirculation Method7.6.4.1.1For test fluid C, follow the recirculation procedure of SAE J1737.7.6.4.1.2For test fluid CE-10, the same procedure of SAE J1737 is followed; however steps must betaken to maintain the alcohol content as described in the following paragraph.Composition of the fuel should be measured and adjusted periodically to ensure that thealcohol content of the fuel is maintained at 10% ± 2% (frequency of the checking of thecomposition is determined primarily by the size of the liquid fuel reservoir used in therecirculation process). Alcohol content shall be measured every day after the start of testuntil it is established that the rate of alcohol content change is less than + 2% over a longerperiod of time. The frequency of checking alcohol content can then be decreased. If thesetests are done frequently and a history of how often the alcohol should be checked can besubstantiated from previous test specimens, then that established schedule can be utilized.Alcohol content shall always be checked at least once per week. If the alcohol content of thefuel goes outside of the limits, the test fuel must be replaced with a new mixture with thecorrect level or alcohol.7.6.4.2Reservoir/Tubing Method7.6.4.2.1For test fluid “C”, follow the procedure as described in SAE J2663.7.6.4.2.2For test fluid CE-10, follow the procedure as described in SAE J2663. Steps must be takento maintain the alcohol content of the test fluid (7.6.4.1.2 procedure can be followed).7.6.5P ROCEDURES7.6.5.1For “C” Test Fluid7.6.5.1.1Using recirculation method continuously expose a length of tubing (1.0 meters or more) toASTM fuel C for 1000 hrs @ 60 °C. At the end of the exposure, five (5) specimens are cut tolength (200mm minimum) and used in the procedure of section 7.9.7.6.5.1.2Using reservoir method, continuously expose a minimum of 5 test specimens to ASTM fuel Cfor 1000 hrs @ 60 °C. At the end of that period, the other 5 specimens (200 mm minimumlength) are used in the procedures of section 7.9 (electrostatic charge procedures).7.8Resistance to Auto-Oxidized Fuel7.8.1The fuel exposure and preconditioning steps of section 7.6 shall be followed for the followingconditions:Test temperature 40 °CTest exposure time 1000 hrs.Test fluid Auto oxidized test fluid uses a base fuel of ASTM Fuel C and has a concentration of 50 millimols/1 of tertiary-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP) (using copper additive)as described in SAE J1681. The concentration must be maintained ±millimols/liter throughout the entire exposure. A technique similar to themaintenance of alcohol percentage in 7.6.4.1.2 or 7.6.4.2.2 (whichever ispertinent) should be followed.Test specimens Quantity needed depends number of layer interfaces that are in the MLT being tested (refer to section 5.3 as well as 7.6.3 for details). The specimens can beexposed individually or in a full- length, then cut-to-size as needed.Subsequent procedures on tubing that have been exposed to auto-oxidized test fluid for the full 1000 hrs @ 40 °C.•Five (5) test specimens are needed to test for cold impact resistance per 7.5 (including the burst test).The cold soak must be started immediately after emptying the tubing of the sour gas fuel (to avoid any drying out of the tubing).•Test for layer adhesion per section 7.13.2 (need 5 test specimens for each layer interface).7.8.2A CCEPTANCE C RITERIAAll criteria of sections 7.5 and 7.13 shall be met for all tubing tested.7.9Conductive TubingLiquid carrying fuel tubes (both high pressure and low pressure) designated as conductive per section 4.4 of this document shall have a conductive inner layer and meet the conductivity requirements of this test method. For monowall tubing, the whole tubing all meet those conductivity requirements.For tubing used in fuel vapor and evaporative emissions systems, electrostatic charge is not an issue, so section 7.9 is not required for those applications. (Refer to SAE J1645 for details about this).7.9.1R EFERENCE D OCUMENT FROM SAESAE J1645 is a Recommended Practice that addresses the issue of electrostatic charge that may develop in a flowing liquid fuel system. It gives guidelines that should be followed on liquid tube and how it should be integrated into a fuel system to minimize the adverse effects that can develop from an electrostatic charging condition. These guidelines include such matters as configuration of the tube, assembly issues, and bonding to the vehicle ground. When developing a system to carry liquid fuel, care must be taken to consider all aspects of the system from an electrostatic charge perspective7.9.4T ESTING A FTER E XPOSURES7.9.4.1There are 3 sections in this specification where tubing samples have been subjected to othertests or preconditioning and then are to be tested to determine if they maintain their performance levels adequately.Section 7.4—Kink Procedure: After two kinking steps are done, the surface resistivity is determined. (No subsequent burst test is done in this particular case)Section 7.5—Cold Temperature Impact: After the tubing specimen has been impacted per section 7.5, it is allowed to return to 23 °C. (No subsequent burst test is done in thisparticular case)Section 7.6—F uel Exposure: After exposure to ASTM fuel C for 1000 hrs @ 60 °C as described in section 7.6.5, the surface resistivity of the 5 exposed test specimens isdetermined. NOTE: The test fluid used in this fuel exposure part of the testing does notcontain any alcohol for reasons described in SAE J1645 (sections 5.3 and Appendix A1.7).7.9.4.2Test ProcedureFor testing after exposures, the procedure of section 7.9.3. is used. For the fuel exposed specimens of section 7.6.5, the measurements shall be taken within 2 hours after the exposure fuel has been removed from the exposed test specimens. Acceptance criteria of section 7.9.5 applies to both procedures.7.9.5A CCEPTANCE C RITERIASurface Resistivity Level—The surface resistivity determined from measured resistance values measured on test specimens both before and after exposure testing shall not be greater than 106Ω/square.7.10Permeation Test Procedure7.10.1T EST C ONDITIONSThe test fluid shall be CE-10 as described in SAE J1681. For that test fluid, the temperature the test shall be 60 °C and the pressure of the circulating test fluid shall be 2 bar.7.10.2T EST S PECIMENSThe tubing used in this procedure shall conform to the requirements of SAE J1737 and the criteria of section 5.3 of this document.7.10.3P ROCEDUREThe permeation measurement shall be done using the recirculation method of SAE J1737 and refer to section 7.6.4.4.2 for the reservoir tube method). The test shall be until steady state is achieved (as described in SAE J1737).7.10.4R EPORTING R ESULTSThe steady state permeation measurement results shall be recorded; all measurements are to be recorded in grams/meter2·day of tubing.。
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第一讲：社会网络的神奇力量观点：Ever dot is a person. Every line between them is the relationship between two people, and here we colored the dots according to how happy people are. So yellow dots are happy people and blue dots are sad people and green dots are in between. If you look at this image you probably can see there are clusters of happy and unhappy people in the network. These clusters turns out to spread to about three degrees of separation. 通过对本课题研究，将社会网络比作石墨和钻石，其实每个原子都一样是碳，最后宏观的性能完全不同是由于其排列组合的结构不同，即网络化networking结构不同。关键词：social networks社会网络 clusters聚类birds of a feather flock together物以类聚 contagion传播 induction诱导 mechanism机制 social systems 社会系统 physiology 生理机能 density密度 indistinguishable难区分的句子：In fact overall, I believed we’d involved to form social networks and particular kinds of social networks because of the benefits of connected life are weighed the costs.第二讲：刺激干细胞－人类发展生物学简介观点：The first is that they can self-renew. They can exact copy of themselves. So one cell divides to make two and they are identical to their mother cell. But under certain circumstances given the right signals these cells can also specialized to make the brain the bone, the blood, the muscle all the cell of the body.我们通过对转基因食物产生的信号刺激干细胞研究，考虑到其对个人健康及全球健康的影响 关键词：stem cell干细胞 plant植物 animal动物 stimulating stem cells 有目的刺激干细胞 biology生物学 pancreas胰脏 underlying muscular下颚肌肉 high-density muscle无脂肪高密度肌肉 inhibiter抑制器 nerve cells神经元细胞 genetically modified foods转基因食物 genetically modify melon转基因甜瓜句子：Your body makes over a hundred billion blood cells per day. 第三讲：全世界减肥观点：The first is that really is not about how overweight you are or how obese you are it’s really your energy balance.为了健康我们首要考虑膳食平衡，继续提供优秀的医疗，教育，在我们无法改变自己的时候，不得不去改变我们生存的环境。关键词：obesity肥胖 exercise运动 chronic problem慢性征兆 energy imbalance能量不均衡 maintaining维持 reproducing繁殖 Type 2 Diabetes2型糖尿病 sterilization杀菌 industrious food工业制造食物 high blood pressure高血压句子：Since we cannot change our biology, we need to change our environments.第四讲：混乱，游戏和确定性延迟观点：To be helping people learn not standing in telling people what you know. The key as I have seen is the aim for putting learners directly in touch with the subject matter not with words about the subject matter. It’s not a matter of mediating between the subject matter and the learners it is not a matter of telling them how they think about it. But keeping learner directly in touch with the subject matter itself. The subject matte becomes the authority.引导孩子们自我探究能力，挖掘个人潜力，自己去洞悉周围世界 关键词：responsibility责任感 democratic commitments民主承诺 education教育 poetry诗歌 rhyme押韵 points观点 use of the language语言的运用 mirrors镜子 perseverance努力 engrossing引人入胜 fascinating及其美妙句子：More and more time for the examination less and less time to learn.More and more simple write answer less and less complexity.More and more intellectual orthodoxy less and less diversity as assigned here.第五讲：行动起来，敢于正视观点：AS members of the tribe what will you do to resist injustice born of dehumanization? When someone pulls you water were you look at that person in the eyes?不得无视与他人的联系，沉醉于高度自我中，改变偏见，崇尚和平和谐。行动起来，正视一切。关键词：render无视 maximum security prison最高防备监狱 trialed审判 sweet pocket毛衣口袋 gun枪 shot射 razor剃刀 handcuffs手铐 human rights crisis人权危机 democratic spirit民主精神句子：I focus on acting big and daring to see.第六讲：第二届Think Big论坛开场介绍观点：十位哈佛学者，没人演讲限制在10分钟内，震撼心灵。关键词：courses课程 focus on焦点 academic学术 contributed to贡献 create frameworks创造思想框架 miracle神奇 escaping逃离 ivory towel象牙塔 promise承诺 morality道德句子：Is the big ideas that matter to the word that change the way think.第七讲：公民观点：A republic ma’am if you can keep it, a republic a representative democracy a democracy to be dependent upon the people alone. We have lost that republic you need to act to get it back. “在美国政治体系中，金钱已经成为选举的王牌，最高法院认可企业有权利用雄厚的经济实力来支持有利于它经营的候选人和政策”。“失灵政体”还体现在美国政治的“极化”，即党派激烈对抗导致“否决政治”和“治理瘫痪”。对民主最大的挑战既不是来自上面也不是来自下面，而是来自内部，来自选民自身。个人觉得投资者左右了国会，于是人民缺失民主，那些有钱人就是问题根源，真的不明觉厉。关键词：The independence democratic独立民主 dependence依附性 corrupt腐化 flattery阿谀奉承 republic of China共和国 constitutions宪法 judiciary司法 government政府 law法律 trust信任句子：There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the roots root strikers.第八讲：在音乐中体会时间观点：Music has the ability to teach you about your life, that you pay careful attention to its unfolding to the detail if the sound to its counter-point and your attempt to experience time in music.音乐使用三维空间中感知的方式将它演凑出去，并将它传递到二维空间去呈现给大家。让我们学会聆听，聆听那些随着时间逝去的声音。 关键词：music音乐 sound in time时间中的声音 surrounding air消失在空气 reception操作 counter point交锋点 duality二元性 mathematic数学工具 stillness安静 quietness静谧句子：Music equals sound over time.