10大英语语法
一、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，
可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a，an在元音前，
若为特指时，则须用定冠，
复数不可数，泛指the不见，
碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】
冠词是必考的语法知识之一，也是考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;
③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数，规则要记住，
一般加s，特殊有几处：
【妙语诠释】
①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es; ②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
三、名词所有格用法
【速记口诀】
【妙语诠释】
①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”;
②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，
则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。
四、接不定式作宾语的动词
【速记口诀】
三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝;
设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：petend，choose
五、接动名词作宾语的动词
【速记口诀】
Mrs. P Black missed a beef bag. (布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。)
【妙语诠释】
该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：
M=mind，r=risk，s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy，l=look forward to，a=admit，c=can’t help，k=keep on，m=miss，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。
六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词
【速记口诀】
一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助
【妙语诠释】
一感：feel;二听：hear，listen to;三让：make，let，have;四看：see，notice，watch，observe;半帮助：help。
七、形容词和副词比较等级用法
【速记口诀】
1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。
2.同级比较：同级比较用原形，as…as永不离;as…as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so…as，后强前弱不看齐。
【妙语诠释】
①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级通常跟有定冠词the;②同级比较一般用as…as表示“与…一样”，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so…as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为“不如……”。
八、反意疑问句用法
【速记口诀】
【妙语诠释】
①反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”;②在短句中not必须与do，will，can等组成缩写形式;③在简短问句中，疑问句的主语必须是代词，而不能用名词形式。
九、感叹句用法
【速记口诀】
【妙语诠释】
由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
十、宾语从句用法
【速记口诀】
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
【妙语诠释】
宾语从句应注意三点：①引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。②时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。③语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。
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Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
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初中英语语法综合测试题 1. They want their daughter to go to university, and they also want her to get summer job. A. /; a B. the; a C. an; a D. a; the 2.—Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? —If I don’t go, . A. so does he B. so will he C. neither does he D. neither will he 3. —Are these books ? —No, they are not mine, they belong to . A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she 4. People went to the concert which was held in People’s Square the night of May day. A. Thousands of, in B. Thousand, on C. Many thousand, in D. Thousands of, on 5. The more you smile, the you will feel. A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier 6. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada. A. am arriving B. will arrive C. arrive D. arrived 7. Jack dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he it. A. is used to, used to B. used to, is used to C. was used to, is used to D. used to, uses to 8. There on the wall. They are very beautiful. A. are photos B. are photoes C. is a photo D. is photos 9. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B. are C. were D. has 10. The of the cottage were covered with . A. roofs; leafs B. roofs; leaves C. roves; leafs D. roves; leaves 11. Something was wrong with car, but luckily they knew how to fix it. A. Jim’s and Tom’s B. Jim and Tom’s C. Jim’s and Tom D. Jim and Tom 12. There are four and two in the group.
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