材料力学专业高级常用词汇
以下是《材料力学》课中专业词汇，共141个，对机械、力学专业本科生绝对有用！
mechanics of materials 材料力学
axial force 轴向力
bar 杆（只受轴向力）
torsion 扭转
shaft 轴（只受扭转）
bending 弯曲
beam 梁（只受弯曲）
compression; compressive 压缩
column 柱（只受压缩）
stress 应力
strain 应变
displacement 位移
deformation 变形
strength 强度
stiffness 刚度
stability 稳定性
tension; tensile 拉伸
shear 剪切
prismatic bar 等截面直杆
cross section 截面
uniformly distributed load; uniform load 均布载荷
normal stress 正应力
sign convention 符号规定
stress distribution 应力分布
stress concentration 应力集中
dimensionless quantity 无量纲量
homogeneous 匀质的
uniaxial stress and strain 单轴应力和应变
mechanical behavior (材料的)力学行为
specimen 试件
elongation 伸长量
extensometer 引伸计
gage length 标准长度
nominal stress 名义应力
true stress 真实应力
proportional limit 比例极限
elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量
(pl. moduli)yielding 屈服
plastic 塑性
strain hardening 强化
necking 颈缩
ultimate strength 强度极限
ductile 韧性
percent elongation 延伸率
percent reduction in area 断面收缩率
brittle 脆性
elastic limit 弹性极限
plasticity 塑性
plastic flow 塑性流动
creep 蠕变
relaxation 松弛
Hooke’s Law 胡克定律
Poisson’s ratio 泊松比
lateral strain 横向应变
pure shear 纯剪切
shear stress 切应力
bearing 挤压
shear modulus of elasticity 切变模量
factor of safety 安全系数
allowable stress 许用应力
axial rigidity 抗拉刚度 (EA)
statically indeterminate 静不定
equation of equilibrium 平衡方程
equation of compatibility 变形协调方程
constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程）
thermal stress 热应力
coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数
prestrain 预应变
inclined section 斜截面
strain energy 应变能
strain energy density 应变能密度
modulus of resilience 回弹模量
impact load 冲击载荷
dynamic load 动载荷
repeated load 交变载荷
fatigue 疲劳
fatigue limit; endurance limit 疲劳极限
Saint-Venant’s Principle 圣维南原理
statically equivalent 静力等效
stress-concentration factor 应力集中系数
elastoplastic material 弹塑性材料
couple 力偶
moment of a couple 力偶矩
vector 矢量
torque; twisting moment 扭矩
angle of twist / rotation 扭转角
rate of twist; angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角
polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩
Iptorsional rigidity 抗扭刚度
GIpthin-walled open cross section 开口薄壁截面
bending moment 弯矩
shear force 剪力
simply supported beam; simple beam 简支梁
pin support 固定铰支座
roller support 可动铰支座
cantilever beam 悬臂梁
fixed support; clamped support 固定端
beam with an overhang 外伸梁
concentrated load 集中力
distributed load 分布力
intensity (of distributed load) （分布力的）集度
reaction 反力
pure bending 纯弯曲
nonuniform bending 横力弯曲
neutral surface 中性层
neutral axis 中性轴
moment of inertia; second moment 惯性矩；二次轴矩
flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度
EI section modulus 抗弯截面系数
fully stressed beam 等强度梁
first moment 静矩
products of inertia 惯性积
beam of wide-flange shape 工字梁
web 腹板
flange 翼缘
composite beam 复合梁
deflection curve 挠度曲线
curvature 曲率
radius of curvature 曲率半径
angle of rotation 转角
slope 斜率
differential equation 微分方程
method of successive integrations 积分法
boundary condition 边界条件
continuity condition 连续性条件
symmetry condition 对称性条件
method of superposition 叠加法
principal stress 主应力
principal plane 主平面
Mohr’s Circle 摩尔圆
triaxial stress 三向应力
electrical-resistance strain gage 电阻应变片
strain rosette 应变花
pressure vessel 压力容器
combined loadings 组合应力
buckling 屈曲
critical load 临界压力
effective length factor 长度因数
slenderness ratio （压杆的）柔度或长细比
复合材料力学 固体力学术语
复合材料力学：
1. 力学性能：指材料在应力作用下的变形和强度特性。
2. 材料结构：指复合材料中不同成分的空间布局方式。
3. 疲劳寿命：指在一定频率、幅值及负载循环数下所允许的有效使用时间。
4. 蠕变行为：指因长期作用低水平应力而产生的小量位移或形变。
5. 非线性行为：指随应力水平升高而出现的材料特性显著变化。
6. 松弛补偿能力：是一般评价复合材料冲击韧性能力的重要标志之一。
固体力学术语:
1. 劲度(Stiffness): 材料在外部作用下所产生的变形大小,也是它对外部作用所产生到内部应力大小的测量标准;
2. 塑性(Plasticity): 材料在遭遇到一定高强度时,会造成永久性形变;
3. 硬化(Hardening): 材料在遭遇到不同强度时,会造成不同大小形变;
4. 粘连(Adhesion): 复合材料中不各相互独立元件之间相互连通; 5 .剪切法布雷姆效应 (Shear-Faber Effect) : 复合杂工中,剪别法布雷姆效应是将原子、分子、微团之间相互连通關係侵入其他物理量中去; 6 .裂隙 (Crack) : 复合该工中,裂隤是因正常使甤老化、焊接、冷却迫使老化造戣裂隤。
材料专业词汇大全
-可编辑材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文1合金alloy 2材料material 3复合材料properties 4制备preparation 5强度strength 6力学mechanical 7力学性能mechanical 8复合composite 9薄膜films 10基体matrix 11增强reinforced 12非晶amorphous 13基复合材料composites14纤维fiber 15纳米nanometer 16金属metal 17合成synthesis 18界面interface 19颗粒particles 20法制备prepared 21尺寸size 22形状shape 23烧结sintering 24磁性magnetic 25断裂fracture 26聚合物polymer 27衍射diffraction 28记忆memory 29陶瓷ceramic 30磨损wear 31表征characterization 32拉伸tensile 33形状记忆memory 34摩擦friction 35碳纤维carbon36粉末powder 37溶胶sol-gel 38凝胶sol-gel 39应变strain 40性能研究properties 41晶粒grain 42粒径size 43硬度hardness 44粒子particles 45涂层coating 46氧化oxidation 47疲劳fatigue 48组织microstructure49石墨graphite 50机械mechanical 51相变phase 52冲击impact 53形貌morphology 54有机organic 55损伤damage 56有限finite 57粉体powder 58无机inorganic 59电化学electrochemical 60梯度gradient 61多孔porous 62树脂resin 63扫描电镜sem 64晶化crystallization 65记忆合金memory 66玻璃glass 67退火annealing 68非晶态amorphous 69溶胶-凝胶sol-gel 70蒙脱土montmorillonite 71样品samples 72粒度size73耐磨wear 74韧性toughness 75介电dielectric 76颗粒增强reinforced 77溅射sputtering 78环氧树脂epoxy 79纳米tio tio 80掺杂doped 81拉伸强度strength 82阻尼damping 83微观结构microstructure84合金化alloying 85制备方法preparation 86沉积deposition87透射电镜tem 88模量modulus 89水热hydrothermal90磨损性wear 91凝固solidification 92贮氢hydrogen 93磨损性能wear 94球磨milling 95分数fraction 96剪切shear 97氧化物oxide 98直径diameter 99蠕变creep 100弹性模量modulus 101储氢hydrogen 102压电piezoelectric 103电阻resistivity 104纤维增强composites 105纳米复合材料preparation 106制备出prepared 107磁性能magnetic 108导电conductive109晶粒尺寸size 110弯曲bending 111光催化tio-可编辑112非晶合金amorphous 113铝基复合材料composites 114金刚石diamond 115沉淀precipitation 116分散dispersion 117电阻率resistivity 118显微组织microstructure119sic 复合材料sic 120硬质合金cemented 121摩擦系数friction 122吸波absorbing 123杂化hybrid 124模板template 125催化剂catalyst 126塑性plastic 127晶体crystal 128sic 颗粒sic 129功能材料materials 130铝合金alloy 131表面积surface 132填充filled 133电导率conductivity 134控溅射sputtering 135金属基复合材料composites 136磁控溅射sputtering 137结晶crystallization 138磁控magnetron 139均匀uniform 140弯曲强度strength 141纳米碳carbon 142偶联coupling 143电化学性能electrochemical 144及性能properties 145al 复合材料composite 146高分子polymer 147本构constitutive148晶格lattice 149编织braided150断裂韧性toughness 151尼龙nylon 152摩擦磨损性friction 153耐磨性wear 154摩擦学tribological 155共晶eutectic 156聚丙烯polypropylene 157半导体semiconductor158偶联剂coupling 159泡沫foam 160前驱precursor 161高温合金superalloy 162显微结构microstructure163氧化铝alumina 164扫描电子显微镜sem 165时效aging 166熔体melt 167凝胶法sol-gel 168橡胶rubber 169微结构microstructure170铸造casting 171铝基aluminum 172抗拉强度strength 173导热thermal 174透射电子显微镜tem 175插层intercalation 176冲击强度impact 177超导superconducting 178记忆效应memory 179固化curing 180晶须whisker 181溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel 182催化catalytic 183导电性conductivity184环氧epoxy 185晶界grain 186前驱体precursor 187机械性能mechanical188抗弯strength 189粘度viscosity 190热力学thermodynamic 191溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel 192块体bulk 193抗弯强度strength 194粘土clay 195微观组织microstructure196孔径pore 197玻璃纤维glass 198压缩compression199摩擦磨损wear 200马氏体martensitic 201制得prepared 202复合材料性能composites 203气氛atmosphere 204制备工艺preparation205平均粒径size 206衬底substrate 207相组成phase 208表面处理surface 209杂化材料hybrid 210材料中materials 211断口fracture 212增强复合材料composites 213马氏体相变transformation214球形spherical 215混杂hybrid 216聚氨酯polyurethane 217纳米材料nanometer 218位错dislocation 219纳米粒子particles 220表面形貌surface 221试样samples 222电学properties 223有序ordered 224电压voltage-可编辑225析出phase 226拉伸性tensile 227大块bulk 228立方cubic 229聚苯胺polyaniline 230抗氧化性oxidation 231增韧toughening232物相phase 233表面改性modification234拉伸性能tensile 235相结构phase 236优异excellent 237介电常数dielectric 238铁电ferroelectric 239复合材料力学性能composites240碳化硅sic 241共混blends 242炭纤维carbon 243复合材料层composite 244挤压extrusion 245表面活性剂surfactant 246阵列arrays 247高分子材料polymer 248应变率strain 249短纤维fiber 250摩擦学性能tribological 251浸渗infiltration 252阻尼性能damping 253室温下room 254复合材料层合板composite 255剪切强度strength 256流变rheological257磨损率wear 258化学气相沉积deposition 259热膨胀thermal 260屏蔽shielding 261发光luminescence 262功能梯度functionally263层合板laminates 264器件devices 265铁氧体ferrite 266刚度stiffness 267介电性能dielectric268xrd 分析xrd 269锐钛矿anatase 270炭黑carbon 271热应力thermal 272材料性能properties 273溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel 274单向unidirectional275衍射仪xrd 276吸氢hydrogen 277水泥cement 278退火温度annealing 279粉末冶金powder 280溶胶凝胶sol-gel 281熔融melt 282钛酸titanate 283磁合金magnetic 284脆性brittle 285金属间化合物intermetallic 286非晶态合金amorphous 287超细ultrafine 288羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite 289各向异性anisotropy 290镀层coating 291颗粒尺寸size 292拉曼raman 293新材料materials294tic 颗粒tic 295孔隙率porosity 296制备技术preparation 297屈服强度strength 298金红石rutile 299采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel 300电容量capacity 301热电thermoelectric302抗菌antibacterial 303聚酰亚胺polyimide 304二氧化硅silica 305放电容量capacity 306层板laminates 307微球microspheres 308熔点melting 309屈曲buckling 310包覆coated 311致密化densification 312磁化强度magnetization313疲劳寿命fatigue 314本构关系constitutive 315组织结构microstructure 316综合性能properties 317热塑性thermoplastic 318形核nucleation 319复合粒子composite 320材料制备preparation 321晶化过程crystallization 322层间interlaminar 323陶瓷基ceramic 324多晶polycrystalline 325纳米结构nanostructures 326纳米复合composite 327热导率conductivity 328空心hollow 329致密度density 330x 射线衍射仪xrd 331层状layered 332矫顽力coercivity 333纳米粉体powder 334界面结合interface 335超导体superconductor 336衍射分析diffraction 337纳米粉powders 338磨损机理wear 339泡沫铝aluminum-可编辑340进行表征characterized 341梯度功能gradient 342耐磨性能wear 343平均粒particle 344聚苯乙烯polystyrene 345陶瓷基复合材料composites 346陶瓷材料ceramics 347石墨化graphitization348摩擦材料friction 349熔化melting 350多层multilayer 351及其性能properties 352酚醛树脂resin 353电沉积electrodeposition 354分散剂dispersant 355相图phase 356复合材料界面interface 357壳聚糖chitosan 358抗氧化性能oxidation 359钙钛矿perovskite 360分层delamination 361热循环thermal 362氢量hydrogen 363蒙脱石montmorillonite 364接枝grafting 365导率conductivity 366放氢hydrogen 367微粒particles 368伸长率elongation 369延伸率elongation 370烧结工艺sintering 371层合laminated 372纳米级nanometer 373莫来石mullite 374磁导率permeability375填料filler 376热电材料thermoelectric377射线衍射ray 378铸造法casting 379粒度分布size 380原子力afm381共沉淀coprecipitation 382水解hydrolysis 383抗热thermal 384高能球ball 385干摩擦friction 386聚合物基polymer 387疲劳裂纹fatigue 388分散性dispersion 389硅烷silane 390弛豫relaxation 391物理性能properties 392晶相phase 393饱和磁化强度magnetization 394凝固过程solidification 395共聚物copolymer 396光致发光photoluminescence 397薄膜材料films 398导热系数conductivity399居里curie 400第二相phase 401复合材料制备composites 402多孔材料porous 403水热法hydrothermal404原子力显微镜afm 405压电复合材料piezoelectric406尼龙6nylon 407高能球磨milling 408显微硬度microhardness 409基片substrate 410纳米技术nanotechnology 411直径为diameter 412织构texture 413氮化nitride414热性能properties 415磁致伸缩magnetostriction 416成核nucleation 417老化aging 418细化grain 419压电材料piezoelectric 420纳米晶amorphous421si 合金si 422复合镀层composite 423缠绕winding 424抗氧化oxidation 425表观apparent 426环氧复合材料epoxy 427甲基methyl 428聚乙烯polyethylene 429复合膜composite 430表面修饰surface 431大块非晶amorphous 432结构材料materials 433表面能surface 434材料表面surface 435疲劳性能fatigue 436粘弹性viscoelastic437基体合金alloy 438单相phase 439梯度材料material 440六方hexagonal 441四方tetragonal 442蜂窝honeycomb 443阳极氧化anodic 444塑料plastics 445超塑性superplastic446sem 观察sem 447烧蚀ablation 448复合薄膜films 449树脂基resin 450高聚物polymer 451气相vapor-可编辑452电子能谱xps 453硅烷偶联coupling 454团聚particles 455基底substrate 456断口形貌fracture 457抗压强度strength 458储能storage 459松弛relaxation 460拉曼光谱raman 461孔率porosity 462沸石zeolite 463熔炼melting 464磁体magnet 465sem 分析sem 466润湿性wettability 467电磁屏蔽shielding 468升温heating 469致密dense 470沉淀法precipitation471差热分析dta 472成功制备prepared 473复合体系composites 474浸渍impregnation 475力学行为behavior 476复合粉体powders 477沥青pitch 478磁电阻magnetoresistance 479导电性能conductivity480光电子能谱xps 481材料力学mechanical 482夹层sandwich 483玻璃化glass 484衬底上substrates 485原位复合材料composites 486智能材料materials 487碳化物carbide 488复相composite 489氧化锆zirconia490基体材料matrix 491渗透infiltration 492退火处理annealing 493磨粒wear 494氧化行为oxidation 495细小fine 496基合金alloy 497粒径分布size 498润滑lubrication 499定向凝固solidification500晶格常数lattice 501晶粒度size 502颗粒表面surface 503吸收峰absorption504磨损特性wear 505水热合成hydrothermal506薄膜表面films 507性质研究properties 508试件specimen 509结晶度crystallinity510聚四氟乙烯ptfe 511硅烷偶联剂silane 512碳化carbide 513试验机tester 514结合强度bonding 515薄膜结构films 516晶型crystal 517介电损耗dielectric 518复合涂层coating 519压电陶瓷piezoelectric520磨损量wear 521组织与性能microstructure 522合成法synthesis 523烧结过程sintering 524金属材料materials 525引发剂initiator 526有机蒙脱土montmorillonite527水热法制hydrothermal528再结晶recrystallization 529沉积速率deposition 530非晶相amorphous531尖端tip 532淬火quenching 533亚稳metastable 534穆斯mossbauer 535穆斯堡尔mossbauer 536偏析segregation 537种材料materials 538先驱precursor 539物性properties 540石墨化度graphitization541中空hollow 542弥散particles 543淀粉starch 544水热法制备hydrothermal545涂料coating 546复合粉末powder 547晶粒长大grain 548sem 等sem 549复合材料组织microstructure550界面结构interface 551煅烧calcined 552共混物blends 553结晶行为crystallization554混杂复合材料hybrid 555laves 相laves 556摩擦因数friction 557钛基titanium 558磁性材料magnetic 559制备纳米nanometer 560界面上interface 561晶粒大小size 562阻尼材料damping 563热分析thermal 564复合材料层板laminates 565二氧化钛titanium-可编辑566沉积法deposition567光催化剂tio 568余辉afterglow 569断裂行为fracture 570颗粒大小size 571合金组织alloy 572非晶形成amorphous 573杨氏模量modulus 574前驱物precursor 575过冷alloy 576尖晶石spinel 577化学镀electroless 578溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel 579本构方程constitutive 580磁学magnetic 581气氛下atmosphere 582钛合金titanium 583微粉powder 584压电性piezoelectric585sic 晶须sic 586应力应变strain 587石英quartz 588热电性thermoelectric589相转变phase 590合成方法synthesis 591热学thermal 592气孔率porosity 593永磁magnetic 594流变性能rheological 595压痕indentation 596热压烧结sintering 597正硅酸乙酯teos 598点阵lattice 599梯度功能材料fgm 600带材tapes 601磨粒磨损wear 602碳含量carbon 603仿生biomimetic 604快速凝固solidification605预制preform 606差示dsc 607发泡foaming 608疲劳损伤fatigue 609尺度size 610镍基高温合金superalloy 611透过率transmittance 612溅射法制sputtering 613结构表征characterization 614差示扫描dsc 615通过sem sem 616水泥基cement 617木材wood 618tem 分析tem 619量热calorimetry 620复合物composites 621铁电薄膜ferroelectric 622共混体系blends 623先驱体precursor 624晶态crystalline 625冲击性能impact 626离心centrifugal 627断裂伸长率elongation 628有机-无机organic-inorganic 629块状bulk 630相沉淀precipitation631织物fabric 632因数coefficient 633合成与表征synthesis 634缺口notch 635靶材target 636弹性体elastomer 637金属氧化物oxide 638均匀化homogenization 639吸收光谱absorption640磨损行为wear 641高岭土kaolin642功能梯度材料fgm 643滞后hysteresis 644气凝胶aerogel 645记忆性memory 646磁流体magnetic 647铁磁ferromagnetic648合金成分alloy 649微米micron 650蠕变性能creep 651聚氯乙烯pvc 652湮没annihilation 653断裂力学fracture 654滑移slip 655差示扫描量热dsc 656等温结晶crystallization 657树脂基复合材料composite 658阳极anodic 659退火后annealing 660发光性properties 661木粉wood 662交联crosslinking 663过渡金属transition 664无定形amorphous 665拉伸试验tensile 666溅射法sputtering 667硅橡胶rubber 668明胶gelatin 669生物相容性biocompatibility 670界面处interface 671陶瓷复合材料composite 672共沉淀法制coprecipitation 673本构模型constitutive674合金材料alloy 675磁矩magnetic 676隐身stealth 677比强度strength 678改性研究modification 679采用粉末powder-可编辑680晶粒细化grain 681抗磨wear 682元合金alloy 683剪切变形shear 684高温超导superconducting 685金红石型rutile 686晶化行为crystallization 687催化性能catalytic 688热挤压extrusion 689微观microstructure690tem 观察tem 691缺口冲击impact 692生物材料biomaterials 693涂覆coating 694纳米氧化nanometer695x 射线光电子能谱xps 696硅灰石wollastonite 697摩擦条件friction 698衍射峰diffraction699块体材料bulk 700溶质solute 701冲击韧性impact 702锐钛矿型anatase 703凝固组织microstructure704磨损试验机tester 705丙烯酸甲酯pmma 706raman 光谱raman 707减振damping 708聚酯polyester 709体材料materials 710航空aerospace 711光吸收absorption 712韧化toughening 713疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue 714超塑superplastic715凝胶法制备gel716半导体材料semiconductor717剪应力shear 718发光材料luminescence719凝胶法制gel 720甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma 721硬质hard 722摩擦性能friction 723电致变色electrochromic724超细粉powder 725增强相reinforced 726薄带ribbons 727结构弛豫relaxation 728光学材料materials729sic 陶瓷sic 730纤维含量fiber 731高阻尼damping 732镍基nickel 733热导thermal 734奥氏体austenite 735单轴uniaxial 736超导电性superconductivity 737高温氧化oxidation 738树脂基体matrix 739含能energetic 740粘着adhesion 741穆斯堡尔谱mossbauer 742脱层delamination 743反射率reflectivity 744单晶高温合金superalloy 745粘结bonded 746快淬quenching 747熔融插层intercalation 748外加applied 749钙钛矿结构perovskite 750减摩friction 751复合氧化物oxide 752苯乙烯styrene 753合金表面alloy 754爆轰detonation755长余辉afterglow 756断裂过程fracture 757纺织textile。
力学常用中英文词汇对照
力学常用中英文词汇对照结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch 穹顶dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matrix displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀expansion压实debulk劣化degradation脱层delamination脱粘debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-Wufailure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics,EPFM断裂fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creepfracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹crack裂缝flaw缺陷defect割缝slit微裂纹microcrack折裂kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle, COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement,CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontemperature固体力学solid mechanics弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid 均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板plate矩形板rectangular plate圆板circular plate环板annular plate波纹板corrugated plate加劲板stiffened plate,reinforced plate中厚板plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数stress function of bending 壳shell扁壳shallow shell旋转壳revolutionary shell球壳spherical shell[圆]柱壳cylindricalshell锥壳conical shell环壳toroidal shell封闭壳closed shell波纹壳corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数stress function of torsion翘曲函数warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛relaxation量纲分析dimensional analysis自相似[性]self-similarity影响面influence surface接触应力contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触conforming contact滑动接触sliding contact滚动接触rolling contact压入indentation各向异性弹性anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料granular material散体力学mechanics of granular media热弹性thermoelasticity超弹性hyperelasticity粘弹性viscoelasticity对应原理correspondence principle褶皱wrinkle塑性全量理论total theory of plasticity滑动sliding微滑microslip粗糙度roughness非线性弹性nonlinear elasticity大挠度large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学dynamic elasticity运动方程equation of motion准静态的quasi-static气动弹性aeroelasticity水弹性hydroelasticity颤振flutter弹性波elastic wave简单波simple wave柱面波cylindrical wave水平剪切波horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波vertical shear wave 体波body wave无旋波irrotational wave畸变波distortion wave膨胀波dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波interfacialwave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学plasticity可成形性formability金属成形metal forming耐撞性crashworthiness 结构抗撞毁性structural crashworthiness拉拔drawing破坏机构collapse mechanism回弹springback挤压extrusion冲压stamping穿透perforation层裂spalling塑性理论theory of plasticity安定[性]理论shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理staticshake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则loading criterion加载函数loading function加载面loading surface塑性加载plastic loading塑性加载波plastic loading wave简单加载simple loading比例加载proportional loading卸载unloading卸载波unloading wave冲击载荷impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载neutral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strainrate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening 理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfect plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatoric tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linearstrain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性viscoplasticity非弹性inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plasticMaterial极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem 初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yieldsurface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion 屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section 通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解completedissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory 浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion 火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shawflow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby number罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source 污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level 噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrial fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow 并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coandaeffect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium 热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect 孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelastoplastic material滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数viscosity function 相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流]Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD 磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体V oigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectionalarea农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind 停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopicmechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopicmechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形forcepolygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量]Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量]Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state 环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phasecomponent非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function 硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring 谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouinmethod缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, randomvibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy 起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance 姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl。
材料专业英语词汇
合金alloy材料material复合材料properties 制备preparation强度strength力学mechanical力学性能mechanical 复合composite薄膜films基体matrix增强reinforced非晶amorphous基复合材料 composites 纤维fiber纳米nanometer金属metal合成synthesis界面interface颗粒particles法制备prepared尺寸size形状shape烧结sintering磁性magnetic断裂fracture聚合物polymer衍射diffraction记忆memory陶瓷ceramic磨损wear表征characterization 拉伸tensile形状记忆memory 摩擦friction碳纤维carbon粉末powder溶胶sol-gel凝胶sol-gel应变strain性能研究properties 晶粒grain粒径size硬度hardness粒子particles涂层coating氧化oxidation疲劳fatigue组织microstructure石墨graphite机械mechanical相变phase冲击impact形貌morphology有机organic损伤damage有限finite粉体powder无机inorganic电化学electrochemical梯度gradient多孔porous树脂resin扫描电镜sem晶化crystallization记忆合金memory玻璃glass退火annealing非晶态amorphous溶胶-凝胶sol-gel蒙脱土montmorillonite 样品samples粒度size耐磨wear韧性toughness介电dielectric颗粒增强reinforced溅射sputtering环氧树脂epoxy纳米tio tio掺杂doped拉伸强度strength阻尼damping微观结构microstructure 合金化alloying制备方法preparation沉积deposition透射电镜tem模量modulus水热hydrothermal磨损性wear凝固solidification贮氢hydrogen磨损性能wear球磨milling分数fraction剪切shear氧化物oxide直径diameter蠕变creep弹性模量modulus储氢hydrogen压电piezoelectric电阻resistivity纤维增强composites纳米复合材料preparation 制备出prepared磁性能magnetic导电conductive晶粒尺寸size弯曲bending光催化tio非晶合金amorphous铝基复合材料composites 金刚石diamond沉淀precipitation分散dispersion电阻率resistivity显微组织microstructure sic复合材料sic硬质合金cemented摩擦系数friction吸波absorbing杂化hybrid模板template催化剂catalyst塑性plastic晶体crystalsic颗粒 sic功能材料materials铝合金alloy表面积surface填充filled电导率conductivity控溅射sputtering金属基复合材料composites 磁控溅射sputtering结晶crystallization磁控magnetron均匀uniform弯曲强度strength纳米碳carbon偶联coupling电化学性能 electrochemical及性能propertiesal复合材料 composite高分子polymer本构constitutive晶格lattice编织braided断裂韧性toughness尼龙nylon摩擦磨损性 friction耐磨性wear摩擦学tribological共晶eutectic聚丙烯polypropylene半导体semiconductor偶联剂coupling泡沫foam前驱precursor高温合金superalloy显微结构microstructure氧化铝alumina扫描电子显微镜sem时效aging熔体melt凝胶法sol-gel橡胶rubber微结构microstructure铸造casting铝基aluminum抗拉强度strength导热thermal透射电子显微镜tem插层intercalation冲击强度impact超导superconducting记忆效应memory固化curing晶须whisker溶胶-凝胶法制sol-gel催化catalytic导电性conductivity环氧epoxy晶界grain前驱体precursor机械性能mechanical抗弯strength粘度viscosity热力学thermodynamic溶胶-凝胶法制备sol-gel 块体bulk抗弯强度strength粘土clay微观组织microstructure 孔径pore玻璃纤维glass压缩compression摩擦磨损wear马氏体martensitic制得prepared复合材料性能composites 气氛atmosphere制备工艺preparation平均粒径size衬底substrate相组成phase表面处理surface杂化材料hybrid材料中materials断口fracture增强复合材料composites 马氏体相变 transformation 球形spherical混杂hybrid聚氨酯polyurethane纳米材料nanometer位错dislocation纳米粒子particles表面形貌surface试样samples电学properties有序ordered电压voltage析出phase拉伸性tensile大块bulk立方cubic聚苯胺polyaniline抗氧化性oxidation增韧toughening物相phase表面改性modification拉伸性能tensile相结构phase优异excellent介电常数dielectric铁电ferroelectric复合材料力学性能composites 碳化硅sic共混blends炭纤维carbon复合材料层 composite挤压extrusion表面活性剂 surfactant阵列arrays高分子材料 polymer应变率strain短纤维fiber摩擦学性能 tribological浸渗infiltration阻尼性能damping室温下room复合材料层合板composite 剪切强度strength流变rheological磨损率wear化学气相沉积deposition热膨胀thermal屏蔽shielding发光luminescence功能梯度functionally层合板laminates器件devices铁氧体ferrite刚度stiffness介电性能dielectricxrd分析xrd锐钛矿anatase炭黑carbon热应力thermal材料性能properties溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel单向unidirectional衍射仪xrd吸氢hydrogen水泥cement退火温度annealing粉末冶金powder溶胶凝胶sol-gel熔融melt钛酸titanate磁合金magnetic脆性brittle金属间化合物intermetallic 非晶态合金 amorphous超细ultrafine羟基磷灰石 hydroxyapatite 各向异性anisotropy镀层coating颗粒尺寸size拉曼raman新材料materialstic颗粒 tic孔隙率porosity制备技术preparation屈服强度strength金红石rutile采用溶胶-凝胶sol-gel电容量capacity热电thermoelectric抗菌antibacterial聚酰亚胺polyimide二氧化硅silica放电容量capacity层板laminates微球microspheres熔点melting屈曲buckling包覆coated致密化densification磁化强度magnetization疲劳寿命fatigue本构关系constitutive组织结构microstructure综合性能properties热塑性thermoplastic形核nucleation复合粒子composite材料制备preparation晶化过程crystallization层间interlaminar陶瓷基ceramic多晶polycrystalline纳米结构nanostructures纳米复合composite热导率conductivity空心hollow致密度densityx射线衍射仪xrd层状layered矫顽力coercivity纳米粉体powder界面结合interface超导体superconductor衍射分析diffraction纳米粉powders磨损机理wear泡沫铝aluminum进行表征characterized梯度功能gradient耐磨性能wear平均粒particle聚苯乙烯polystyrene陶瓷基复合材料composites 陶瓷材料ceramics石墨化graphitization摩擦材料friction熔化melting多层multilayer及其性能properties酚醛树脂resin电沉积electrodeposition分散剂dispersant相图phase复合材料界面interface壳聚糖chitosan抗氧化性能 oxidation钙钛矿perovskite分层delamination热循环thermal氢量hydrogen蒙脱石montmorillonite接枝grafting导率conductivity放氢hydrogen微粒particles伸长率elongation延伸率elongation烧结工艺sintering层合laminated纳米级nanometer莫来石mullite磁导率permeability填料filler热电材料thermoelectric射线衍射ray铸造法casting粒度分布size原子力afm共沉淀coprecipitation水解hydrolysis抗热thermal高能球ball干摩擦friction聚合物基polymer疲劳裂纹fatigue分散性dispersion硅烷silane弛豫relaxation物理性能properties晶相phase饱和磁化强度magnetization 凝固过程solidification共聚物copolymer光致发光photoluminescence薄膜材料films导热系数conductivity居里curie第二相phase复合材料制备composites 多孔材料porous水热法hydrothermal原子力显微镜afm压电复合材料piezoelectric 尼龙nylon高能球磨milling显微硬度microhardness 基片substrate纳米技术nanotechnology 直径为diameter织构texture氮化nitride热性能properties磁致伸缩magnetostriction 成核nucleation老化aging细化grain压电材料piezoelectric纳米晶amorphoussi合金si复合镀层composite缠绕winding抗氧化oxidation表观apparent环氧复合材料epoxy甲基methyl聚乙烯polyethylene复合膜composite表面修饰surface大块非晶amorphous结构材料materials表面能surface材料表面surface疲劳性能fatigue粘弹性viscoelastic基体合金alloy单相phase梯度材料material六方hexagonal四方tetragonal蜂窝honeycomb阳极氧化anodic塑料plastics超塑性superplasticsem观察sem烧蚀ablation复合薄膜films树脂基resin高聚物polymer气相vapor电子能谱xps硅烷偶联coupling团聚particles基底substrate断口形貌fracture抗压强度strength储能storage松弛relaxation拉曼光谱raman孔率porosity沸石zeolite熔炼melting磁体magnetsem分析sem润湿性wettability电磁屏蔽shielding升温heating致密dense沉淀法precipitation差热分析dta成功制备prepared复合体系composites 浸渍impregnation力学行为behavior复合粉体powders沥青pitch磁电阻magnetoresistance 导电性能conductivity 光电子能谱 xps材料力学mechanical 夹层sandwich玻璃化glass衬底上substrates原位复合材料composites 智能材料materials碳化物carbide复相composite氧化锆zirconia基体材料matrix渗透infiltration退火处理annealing磨粒wear氧化行为oxidation细小fine基合金alloy粒径分布size润滑lubrication定向凝固solidification晶格常数lattice晶粒度size颗粒表面surface吸收峰absorption磨损特性wear水热合成hydrothermal 薄膜表面films性质研究properties试件specimen结晶度crystallinity聚四氟乙烯 ptfe硅烷偶联剂 silane碳化carbide试验机tester结合强度bonding薄膜结构films晶型crystal介电损耗dielectric复合涂层coating压电陶瓷piezoelectric磨损量wear组织与性能 microstructure 合成法synthesis烧结过程sintering金属材料materials引发剂initiator有机蒙脱土 montmorillonite 水热法制hydrothermal 再结晶recrystallization沉积速率deposition非晶相amorphous尖端tip淬火quenching亚稳metastable穆斯mossbauer穆斯堡尔mossbauer偏析segregation种材料materials先驱precursor物性properties石墨化度graphitization中空hollow弥散particles淀粉starch水热法制备 hydrothermal涂料coating复合粉末powder晶粒长大grainsem等sem复合材料组织microstructure 界面结构interface煅烧calcined共混物blends结晶行为crystallization混杂复合材料hybridlaves相 laves摩擦因数friction钛基titanium磁性材料magnetic制备纳米nanometer界面上interface晶粒大小size阻尼材料damping热分析thermal复合材料层板laminates二氧化钛titanium沉积法deposition光催化剂tio余辉afterglow断裂行为fracture颗粒大小size合金组织alloy非晶形成amorphous杨氏模量modulus前驱物precursor过冷alloy尖晶石spinel化学镀electroless溶胶凝胶法制备sol-gel 本构方程constitutive磁学magnetic气氛下atmosphere钛合金titanium微粉powder压电性piezoelectricsic晶须 sic应力应变strain石英quartz热电性thermoelectric相转变phase合成方法synthesis热学thermal气孔率porosity永磁magnetic流变性能rheological压痕indentation热压烧结sintering正硅酸乙酯 teos点阵lattice梯度功能材料fgm带材tapes磨粒磨损wear碳含量carbon仿生biomimetic快速凝固solidification 预制preform差示dsc发泡foaming疲劳损伤fatigue尺度size镍基高温合金superalloy 透过率transmittance溅射法制sputtering结构表征characterization 差示扫描dsc通过sem sem水泥基cementtem分析tem量热calorimetry复合物composites铁电薄膜ferroelectric共混体系blends先驱体precursor晶态crystalline冲击性能impact离心centrifugal断裂伸长率 elongation有机-无机organic-inorganic 块状bulk相沉淀precipitation织物fabric因数coefficient合成与表征 synthesis缺口notch靶材target弹性体elastomer金属氧化物 oxide均匀化homogenization吸收光谱absorption磨损行为wear高岭土kaolin功能梯度材料fgm滞后hysteresis气凝胶aerogel记忆性memory磁流体magnetic铁磁ferromagnetic合金成分alloy微米micron蠕变性能creep聚氯乙烯pvc湮没annihilation断裂力学fracture滑移slip差示扫描量热dsc等温结晶crystallization树脂基复合材料composite 阳极anodic退火后annealing发光性properties交联crosslinking过渡金属transition无定形amorphous拉伸试验tensile溅射法sputtering硅橡胶rubber明胶gelatin生物相容性 biocompatibility 界面处interface陶瓷复合材料composite 共沉淀法制 coprecipitation 本构模型constitutive合金材料alloy磁矩magnetic隐身stealth比强度strength改性研究modification采用粉末powder晶粒细化grain抗磨wear元合金alloy剪切变形shear高温超导superconducting 金红石型rutile晶化行为crystallization 催化性能catalytic热挤压extrusion微观microstructuretem观察tem缺口冲击impact生物材料biomaterials涂覆coating纳米氧化nanometerx射线光电子能谱xps硅灰石wollastonite摩擦条件friction衍射峰diffraction块体材料bulk溶质solute冲击韧性impact锐钛矿型anatase凝固组织microstructure 磨损试验机 tester丙烯酸甲酯 pmmaraman光谱raman减振damping聚酯polyester体材料materials航空aerospace光吸收absorption韧化toughening疲劳裂纹扩展fatigue超塑superplastic凝胶法制备 gel半导体材料 semiconductor剪应力shear发光材料luminescence凝胶法制gel甲基丙烯酸甲酯pmma 硬质hard摩擦性能friction电致变色electrochromic 超细粉powder增强相reinforced薄带ribbons结构弛豫relaxation光学材料materialssic陶瓷 sic纤维含量fiber高阻尼damping镍基nickel热导thermal奥氏体austenite单轴uniaxial超导电性superconductivity 高温氧化oxidation树脂基体matrix含能energetic粘着adhesion穆斯堡尔谱 mossbauer脱层delamination反射率reflectivity单晶高温合金superalloy粘结bonded快淬quenching熔融插层intercalation外加applied钙钛矿结构 perovskite 减摩friction复合氧化物 oxide苯乙烯styrene合金表面alloy爆轰detonation长余辉afterglow断裂过程fracture 纺织textile。
材料学专业词汇
材料学专业词汇第一篇：材料学专业词汇8.Fracture :Microscopic Aspects fracturen 断裂microscopic a 微观的 macroscopic a 宏观的 crackn 裂纹nucleationn 形核 propagationn 扩展 ductilea 韧性的 brittlea 脆性的 brittlenessn 脆性 semi-brittle a 半脆性的 failure n 失效coalescence n 连接void n 空洞cross-sectional 横截面的 shear v 剪切transgranular a 穿晶的 preferentially adv 优先地 intergranular a 沿晶的 magnification n 放大 indentationn 凹陷8.1morphology n 组织，形态 dimple v 生微涡 rupturen 断裂 neckingn 颈缩 elastica 弹性的 ceramicsn 陶瓷 polymern 聚合物 tipn 尖端cleavage fracture 解理断裂 grain boundary晶界crystallographic plane 晶体学面 grainn 晶粒 crazen 微裂纹 tensilea 拉伸的stress concentration 应力集中 precursor n 预兆shearing banding 剪切带 flow stress流变应力 composite n 复合材料 fibrous a 纤维的 matrix n 基体 reinforcementn增强 bondingn 结合 compressionn 压缩 kinkingn 扭断 mechanismn 机制 plastica 塑性的 microbucklingn 微观弯曲8.2mobile dislocation可动位错 interatomic a 原子间的 bondn 键cohesive stress内聚应力 perfect crystal完整晶体Young’s modulus杨氏模量 defectn 缺陷 whiskern 晶须immobilea 不可动的 slip plane滑移面 restrictionn 限制 criterionn 判据 fibern 纤维 rollv 轧制heterogeneity n 不均匀性 striationn 擦痕 interiorn 内部 air bubble气泡 parametern 参数 inflexibilityn 不变性 dimplen 韧窝 triaxiala 三轴的 equiaxiala 等轴的 ellipticala 椭圆的 elastic-plastic弹塑性 qualitativea 定性的 stainless steel不锈钢interfacial bonding 界面结合 triaxialityn 三轴，cleavagev 解理，分裂 crystallographica.结晶学的 crystallinen 晶体orientationn.取向，排列方向facetn 倒角 screw dislocation螺旋位错cleavage step解理台阶 convergencen 会聚face-centered cubic面心立方体 body-centered cubic体心立方体 hexagonal close-packed 密排六方体 tungsten n钨molybdenumn 钼 chromiumn 铬 berylliumn 铍 magnesium n 镁 quenchv 淬火 tempern 回火 annealingn 退火 crystal lattice 结晶点阵 sensitizeda 激活 trajectoryn 轨迹 phosphorusn 磷.Recovery and Recrystallization recovery n 回复recrystallizationn 再结晶 transformationn 转变 ,相变 alloy n 合金meltinga 熔化的cold-workeda冷加工的 terminal a 终点的 curvature n 曲线Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能 entropyn 熵10.1 stored energy储存能 subgrainn 亚晶 impurityn 杂质 extrusion n 挤压 thermala 热的inversely proportion 反比例10.2relaxation process驰豫过程 vacancyn 空位interstitial atom 间隙原子 vacancy motion空位移动 hardnessn 硬度 resistivityn 电阻率 point-defect点缺陷self-explanatory a 不解自明的 elastic strain 弹性应变 stacking faults堆垛层错 lattice defect点阵缺陷 dislocation tangle 位错缠结 cellular a 多孔的misorienteda 取向错误的 two-dimensional二维的 diffusionn 扩散 Laue pattern劳厄斑 diffraction spot衍射斑点 etch-pit technique 点蚀坑技术10.3vacancy migration空位迁移 self-diffusion自扩散 dislocation climb位错攀移10.4statisticala统计的 fluctuationn波动 bulgev凸出来radiiradius pl 半径 sphericala球的, 球形的 protrudev（使）突出/伸出 incubationn孕育期velocityn速度、速率 coincident同时发生的 subboundary亚晶界10.5nucleation rate形核率 isothermallyad 等温地 impingevi 撞击 linear portion线形分配 nucleusn 核 phantomn模型integratev 求…的积分 negligiblea可以忽略的 modificationn修正 sigmoida反曲的 decayv衰退 metallographica金属结构的 potentialn电势、电位 molen摩尔 volumen体积 coefficientn系数 criticala临界的10.6dashed curve点划线inverse relationship 反函数关系 brass n黄铜fine-graineda细晶的 optimizev优化10.7 rodn 棒 soft solder软焊剂 bendv 弯曲deformation texture 形变织构 annealing texture :退火织构recrystallization texture 再结晶织构 cube texture 立方织构 mismatchv 错配 meritn 优点anisotropyn 各向异性 magnetica 有磁性的 sheetn 薄板secondary recrystallization 二次再结晶bracket n方括弧的一边 intersectionn 交叉点，交点 grooven 沟槽 retardv 阻止 diametern 直径 concavea 凹的 steady-state 稳态的fascinatinga 吸引人的 tungstenn 钨 filamentn 灯丝 thorian 二氧化钍 creepv 蠕变 resistancen 阻力 undopeda 无搀杂的 sketchn 略图 interlockv 连接 dopev 掺入 dopantn 搀杂物 sinteringn 烧结物volatilizev（使）挥发 ingotn 铸锭fiber texture纤维织构 submicroscopic a 亚显微的 poren 气孔Chapter 14 Some Applications of Physical Metallurgy metallurgyn 冶金学 manipulatev 操作 optimizea 最佳化 weld jointn 焊点 solder jointn 焊接点 devicen 仪器14.1strengthening mechanism 强化机制 work hardening 加工硬化solid solution hardening 固溶硬化 particle hardening粒子硬化 burgers vector 柏氏矢量 virtuallyad 实际上 reciprocal倒易的 flow stress流动应力 foreign atom异类原子 misfitn 错配 interstiticala 间隙的 symmetricala 对称的octahedral void八面体空位 unsymmetrica不对称的 tetragonala正方形的 screw n螺钉dilatational a膨胀的 distortion n扭转，畸变 etch v侵蚀dilute hydrofluoric acid 稀释氢氟酸膜14.2nitrogen n氮 revealv 揭示 amorphous a非晶的gaugen标距 bulkn整体Charpy impact test 摆锤式冲击试验 torchn焊灯horizontala水平的synonymous a同义的cast iron 铸铁flake n薄片nodular a球状的 graphite n石墨 quote v引用homogenization n均匀性 corrosionn腐蚀 weldability n焊接性 formabilityn成形性 machinability n可加工性 reliability n可靠性 whisker 金属晶须pearlitic a珠光体的ultimate a基本的patent n专利lamellar a层状的 cellular a多孔的substructuren亚结构 latch n板条substitutional a代位的solid-solution hardening 固溶硬化octahedral a八面体的interstitial void 间隙空位 dipolar a两极的precipitation hardening 析出硬化sub zero 零度以下的negligible a可忽略的 millisecond n毫秒autotempering 自动回火structure hardening 结构硬化lath martensite 板条马氏体dislocation hardening 位错强化plate martensite 片状马氏体 residual a 残余的microcracking n显微裂变 substantially a实质上 redistribution n再分配spontaneous cracking 自发破裂 spheroidize v球化eutectoid temperature 共析温度Ostwald ripening process 奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程Bainite n贝氏体retained austenite 残余奥氏体 regainn回伸率age-hardening 时效硬化vanadium n钒molybdenum n钼detrimental a有害的 retard v 延迟overaging n过时效 cohesion n内聚力ausformed steel 奥氏体钢 martensitic steel 马氏体钢high-hardenability 高硬化能力i inherited dislocation 遗传的位错 subsequently adv后续的 refinement n 细化 twinned a形成孪晶的 equivalent a相等的stress-true strain diagram 应力－应变曲线neck down 颈缩断开maraging steel 马氏体时效钢decomposition[化学]分解iron-nickel phase diagram 铁-镍相图binary a 二元的equilibrium n平衡 hysteresis n 迟滞现象heat-treat cycle 热处理循环ageing reaction 时效反应angstromn埃 deoxidatonn 脱氧 v-notchv 型缺口 siliconn硅postulatev视……为当然decarburization v脱去……的碳 preheating n预热 post-weld 焊接之后magnetic property 磁性性能 slant v（使）倾斜superconductor n超导体第二篇：专业词汇企业风险管理员相关概念一、企业全面风险管理的概念：企业全面风险管理是指企业在实现未来战略目标的过程中，试图将各类不确定因素产生的结果控制在预期可接受范围内的方法和过程，以确保和促进组织的整体利益实现。
土木工程英语证书考试PEC材料力学词汇
土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-材料力学词汇A安全因数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’s ratio补偿块 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns单位荷载 unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stress F分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度 stiffness刚架，构架 frame刚结点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem 工作应变计active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hook’s law滑移线 slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪流 shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area截面核心 core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem 静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩，一次矩 static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bending拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载 critical loadM迈因纳定律 Miner’s law名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces扭力矩 twisting moment扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服强度 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限 endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric compression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服 yield屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette 三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation塑性材料，延性材料ductile materials塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量 spring constant弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy of volume change体应变 volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心 shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem 稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全因数 safety factor for stability细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body约束扭转 constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns形心轴 centroidal axis形状系数 shape factor许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变计 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变能密度 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中因数 stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve 应力－应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr’s circle for stresses Z正应变 normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidal moments of inertia主形心轴 principal centroidal axis转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress（注：素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
力学常用词汇
结点法method of joints 截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces 共轭位移con jugate displaceme nt 影响线in flue nee line 三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient 柔度系数flexibility coefficient 力矩分酉己moment distribution 力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分酉己moment redistribution 分配系数distribution factor 矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix 总体坐标global coordinates 贝蒂定理Betti theorem 高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elim in atio nM ethod 屈曲模态buckling mode 复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite 单向复合材料uni direct ional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite 颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Lam in ate 夹层板sandwich panel 正交层板cross-ply laminate 斜交层板an gle-ply lam in ate 层片Ply 多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion 压实Debulk 劣化Degradation 脱层Delam in ati on 脱粘Debond 纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress 层应变ply strain 层间应力interlaminar stress 比强度specific strength 强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy 正交各向异Orthotropy 剪滞分析shear lag analysis 短纤维chopped fiber 长纤维continuous fiber 纤维方向fiber directi on 纤维断裂fiber break 纤维拔脱fiber pull-out 纤维增强fiber reinforcement 致密化Densification 最小重量设计optimum weight design 网格分析法netting analysis 混合律rule of mixture 失效准贝U failure criterion 蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model 断裂力学fracture mechanics 概率断裂力学probabilistic fractureMechanics 格里菲思理论Griffith theory 线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture 解理断裂cleavage fracture 蠕变断裂creep fracture 延性断裂ductile fracture 晶间断裂inter-granular fracture 准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture 穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture 裂纹Crack 裂缝Flaw 缺陷Defect 割缝Slit 微裂纹Microcrack 折裂Kink 椭圆裂纹elliptical crack 深埋裂纹embedded crack ［钱］币状裂纹penny-shape crack 预制裂纹Precrack 短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack 裂纹钝化crack blunting 裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure 裂纹前缘crack front 裂纹嘴crack mouth 裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA 裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement,COD 裂纹阻力crack resista nee 裂纹面crack surface 裂纹尖端crack tip 裂尖张角crack tip opening angle,CTOA 裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularityField 裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate 稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth 定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth 亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 止裂crack arrest 止裂韧度arrest toughness 滑开型sliding mode 张开型opening mode 撕开型tearing mode 复合型mixed mode 撕裂模量tearing modulus 断裂准贝U fracture criterion J 积分J-integralJ 阻力曲线J-resistanee curve 断裂韧度fracture toughness 应力强度因子stress intensity factor HRR 场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField 守恒积分conservation integral 有效应力张量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density 能量释放率energy release rate 内聚区cohesive zone 塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone 热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ 延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带shear band 剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection 双边缺口试件double edge notchedspecimen, DEN specime n单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specime n三点弯曲试件three point bendingspecimen, TPB specime n中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specime n, CCT specime n中心裂纹板试件center cracked panelspecimen, CCP specime n 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen,CT specime n 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula 空穴化Cavitation 应力腐蚀stress corrosion 概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics 损伤Damage 连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics 累积损伤accumulated damage 脆性损伤brittle damage 延性损伤ductile damage 宏观损伤macroscopic damage 细观损伤microscopic damage 微观损伤microscopic damage 损伤准贝U damage criterion 损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening 损伤强化damage strengthening 损伤张量damage tensor 损伤阈值damage threshold 损伤矢量damage vector 损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue 低周疲劳low cycle fatigue 应力疲劳stress fatigue 蠕变疲劳creep fatigue 疲劳损伤fatigue damage 疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹fatigue crack 疲劳寿命fatigue life 疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue 应力循环stress cycle 应力比stress ratio 安全寿命safe life 过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage 裂纹扩展crack growth, crackPropagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation 循环比cycle ratio 实验应力分析experimental stressAnalysis 工作［应变］片active［strain］ gage 基底材料backing material 应力计stress gage 零［点］飘移zero shift, zero drift 应变测量strain measurement 应变计strain gage 应变指示器strain indicator 应变花strain rosette 应变灵敏度strain sensitivity 机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette 弓丨伸仪Extensometer 应变遥测telemetering of strain 横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity 焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balaneed bridge 粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage 粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing 电容应变计capacitanee strain gage 补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique 基准电桥referenee bridge 电阻应变计resista nee strain gage 温度自补偿应变计self-temperaturecompensating gage 半导体应变计semic on ductor strai nGage 集流器slip ring 应变放大镜strain amplifier 疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage 电感应变计inductanee ［strain］gage 光［测］力学Photomechanics 光弹性Photoelasticity 光塑性Photoplasticity 杨氏条纹Young fringe 双折射效应birefrigent effect 等位移线eon tour of equalDisplaceme nt 暗条纹dark fringe 条纹倍增fringe multiplication 干涉条纹interferenee fringe 等差线Isochromatic 等倾线Isoclinic 等和线isopachic 应力光学定律stress- optic law 主应力迹线Isostatic 亮条纹light fringe 光程差optical path differenee 热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coat in gMethod 光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwichMethod 动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity 空间滤波spatial filtering 空间频率spatial frequency 起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflect ion polariscope 残余双折射效应residual birefringentEffect 应变条纹值strain fringe value 应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity 应力冻结效应stress freezing effect 应力条纹值stress fringe value 应力光图stress-optic pattern 暂时双折射效应temporary birefringentEffect 脉冲全息法pulsed holography 透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographicinterfero -metry网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity 全息图Hologram 全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry 全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis 散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle 错位散斑干涉法speckle-sheari ngi nterferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry ［叠栅］云纹moire fringe ［叠栅］云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method 参考栅referenee grating 试件栅specimen grating 分析栅analyzer grating 面内云纹法in-plane moire method 脆性涂层法brittle-coati ng method 条带法strip coating method 坐标变换transformation ofCoordinates 计算结构力学computati onal structuralmecha-nics力卩权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite differenee method 有限［单］元法finite element method 酉己点法point collocation 里茨法Ritz method 广义变分原理generalized variationalPrinciple 最小二乘法least square method 胡［海昌］一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle 赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-ReissnerPrinciple 修正变分原理modified variationalPrinciple 约束变分原理constrained variationalPrinciple 混合法mixed method 杂交法hybrid method 边界解法boundary solution method 有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method 协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element 混合元mixed element 杂交元hybrid element 边界元boundary element 强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization 离散系统discrete system 连续问题continuous problem 广义位移generalized displacement 广义载荷generalized load 广义应变generalized strain 广义应力generalized stress 界面变量in terface variable 节点no de, no dal point ［单］元Element 角节点corner node 内节点internal node 无节点变量nodeless variable 杆元bar element 桁架杆元truss element 梁元beam element 二维元two-dimensional element 一维元one-dimensional element 三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element 板元plate element 壳元shell element 厚板元thick plate element 三角形元triangular element 四边形元quadrilateral element 四面体元tetrahedral element 二次元quadratic element 线性元linear element 三次元cubic element 四次元quartic element 等参［数］元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element 亚参数元sub-parametric element 节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element 巧凑边点族serendipity family 无限元infinite element 单元分析element analysis 单元特性element characteristics 刚度矩阵stiffness matrix 几何矩阵geometric matrix 等效节点力equivale nt no dal force 节点位移no dal displaceme nt 节点载荷no dal load 位移矢量displacement vector 载荷矢量load vector 质量矩阵mass matrix 集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix 相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 壬瑞禾阻尼Rayleigh damping 刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffnessMatrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix 质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements 局部坐标系local coord in ate system 局部坐标local coordinate 面积坐标area coordinates 体积坐标volume coord in ates 曲线坐标curvili near coord in ates 静凝聚static condensation 合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function 试探函数trial function 检验函数test function 权函数weight function 样条函数spline function 代用函数substitute function 降阶积分reduced integration 零能模式zero-energy mode P 收敛p-convergenee H 收敛h-c on verge nee 掺混插值blended interpolation 等参数映射isoparametric mapping 双线性插值bilinear interpolation 小块检验patch test非协调模式in compatible mode 节点号node number 单元号element number带宽band width 带状矩阵banded matrix 变带状矩阵profile matrix 带宽最小化minimization of band width 波前法frontal method 子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determ inant search method 逐步法step-by-step method 纽马克法Newmark 威尔逊法Wilson 拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method 牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法in creme ntal method 初应变initial strain 初应力initial stress 切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix 割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix 模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration 子结构Substructure 子结构法substructure technique 超单元super-element 网格生成mesh generation 结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing 后处理post-processing 网格细化mesh refinement 应力光顺stress smoothing 组合结构composite structure。
中英对照-力学专业用语
中英对照－力学专业用语数学分析 Mathematical Analysis高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics计算方法 Numerical Methods理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics材料力学 Mechanics of Materials弹性力学 Elasticity流体力学 Fluid Mechanics力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics机械制图 Machining Drawing力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics气体力学 Gas Dynamics计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates粘性流体力学 Viscous Fluid Flow弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity经典力学中的'数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots自动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图象处理 Image Processing计算机图形学 Computer Graphics概率与统计 Probability and Statistics专业英语 English for Mechanics振动理论 Theory of Vibration程序设计方法(C和FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN 水动力学 Hydrodynamics光测力学 Photo Mechanics断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics高等动力学 Advanced Dynamics摄动方法 Perturbation Methods机械设计与Auto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD 信息显示(可视化) Visualization微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer复变函数 Complex Function。
材料学专业词汇
8.Fracture ：Microscopic Aspects fracture n 断裂microscopic a 微观的macroscopic a 宏观的crack n 裂纹nucleation n 形核propagation n 扩展ductile a 韧性的brittle a 脆性的brittleness n 脆性semi-brittle a 半脆性的failure n 失效coalescence n 连接void n 空洞cross-sectional 横截面的shear v 剪切transgranular a 穿晶的preferentially adv 优先地intergranular a 沿晶的magnification n 放大indentation n 凹陷8。
1morphology n 组织，形态dimple v 生微涡rupture n 断裂necking n 颈缩elastic a 弹性的ceramics n 陶瓷polymer n 聚合物tip n 尖端cleavage fracture 解理断裂grain boundary 晶界crystallographic plane 晶体学面grain n 晶粒craze n 微裂纹tensile a 拉伸的stress concentration 应力集中precursor n 预兆shearing banding 剪切带flow stress 流变应力composite n 复合材料fibrous a 纤维的matrix n 基体reinforcement n增强bonding n 结合compression n 压缩kinking n 扭断mechanism n 机制plastic a 塑性的microbuckling n 微观弯曲8.2mobile dislocation 可动位错interatomic a 原子间的bond n 键cohesive stress 内聚应力perfect crystal 完整晶体Young’s modulus 杨氏模量defect n 缺陷whisker n 晶须immobile a 不可动的slip plane 滑移面restriction n 限制criterion n 判据fiber n 纤维roll v 轧制heterogeneity n 不均匀性striation n 擦痕interior n 内部air bubble 气泡parameter n 参数inflexibility n 不变性dimple n 韧窝triaxial a 三轴的equiaxial a 等轴的elliptical a 椭圆的elastic-plastic 弹塑性qualitative a 定性的stainless steel 不锈钢interfacial bonding 界面结合triaxiality n 三轴,cleavage v 解理，分裂crystallographic a。
材料专业英语词汇.doc
材料专业英语词汇ablation 烧蚀abrasion 磨料,研磨材料,磨蚀剂, abrasive belt 砂带abrasive belt grinding 砂带磨削,用研磨带磨光abrasive cut-off machine 砂*切断机abrasive dressing wheel 砂*修整* abrasive grain 磨料粒度abrasive grit 研磨用磨料,铁粒abrasive lapping wheel 磨料研磨* Abrasive. 研磨剂absorbing 吸波absorption 吸收峰Acceptor level. 受主能级accuracy of position 位置精度accuracy to shape 形状精度Activatioin energy Q. 激活能Activation polarization. 活化极化active cutting edge 主切削刃adapter flange 连接器法兰盘Addition or chain reaction polymerization. 加聚作用（链式反应聚合）adhesion 粘着Adhesive. 胶粘剂adjointing flanks 共轭齿廓Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 电镀金属捆片的优点aerogel 气凝胶aerospace 航空afm 原子力afterglow 余辉Age hardening. See Precipitation 时效强化，见沉淀强化aging 时效Aging 切削cut-off grinding 砂*截断，砂*切割cutting 切削cutting edge profile 切削刃轮廓cutting force 切削力cutting lip 切削刃，刀刃，钻唇，钻刃cutting operation 切削加工cutting rate 切削效率，切削速率cutting tool 刀具，切削工具，刃具cycle 周期cylindrical grinder 外圆磨床damage 损伤damping 阻尼deep-hole drilling 深孔钻削deep-hole milling 深孔铣削defect 缺陷Defect structure. 缺陷结构defect, imperfection, 缺陷Definition 不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel 不锈钢的定义Degradation. 退化Degree of freedom 自由度Degree of polymerization. 聚合度delamination 分层dense 致密densification 致密化density 致密度deposition 沉积Destructive Inspection 破坏的检验destructive inspections 破坏性检验detonation 爆轰devices 器件Devitrication. 玻璃析晶Diamagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism. 逆磁性diameter 直径diamond 金刚石dielectric 介电Dielectric breakdownstrength. 介电（击穿）强度Dielectric constant εr. 介电常数Dielectric displacement D. 电位移Dielectric. 电介质die-sinking 凹模diffraction 衍射Diffraction x-ray. （x 射线）衍射diffusion 扩散Diffusion Annealing 扩散退火Diffusion coefficient D. 扩散系数Diffusion flux J. 扩散通量diffusion, 扩散Diffusion. 扩散diffusivity 扩散系数diffusivity, 扩散系数dimension 尺寸Diode. 二极管Dipole 磁偶极子Dipole electric. （电）偶极子direction of the feed motion 进给方向，进刀方向discontinuous chip 间断切屑dislocation 位错dislocation arrangement, 位错排列dislocation array, 位错阵列dislocation atmosphere 位错气团dislocation atmosphere, 位错气团dislocation axis, 位错轴dislocation cell, 位错胞dislocation climb 位错爬移dislocation climb, 位错爬移dislocation coalescence, 位错聚结dislocation core energy, 位错核心能量dislocation crack, 位错裂纹dislocation damping, 位错阻尼dislocation density 位错密度dislocation density, 位错密度Dislocation density. 位错密度Dislocation line. 位错线dislocation movement by slip 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错滑移Dislocation. 位错disordered alloy. 无序合金disordered lattice, 无序点阵disordered solid solution, 无序固溶体disordered-order transition 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 有序无序转变dispersal 扩散dispersal, 分散，扩散，弥散dispersant 分散剂dispersant additive, 分散剂，添加剂dispersant agent 分散剂，弥散剂dispersant, 分散剂Dispersed phase. 弥散相dispersion 分散Dispersion strengthening. 弥散强化distance 距离Distortion 畸变Domain. （磁）畴Donor level. 施主能级doped 掺杂Doping. 掺杂double-column planer-miller 双柱龙门铣床Drawing 精加工finish-cutting 精加工，最终切削finite 有限Firing. 烧火fixture 夹具Flame retardant. 耐燃剂Flat Wire Tolerance 扁线公差Flexural strength σfs. 抗弯强度Fluorescence. 荧光foam 泡沫foaming 发泡Forging. 锻造form 型式form-turn 成形车削Forward bias. 正向偏压fraction 分数fracture 断裂Fracture mechanics. 断裂力学Fracture toughness Kc . 断裂韧性Free Cutting Carbon Steels to JIS G4804 易车碳钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel 易车快削不锈钢Free electron. 自由电子Free energy. 自由能free-cutting 自由切削freedom, 自由度Frenkel defect. 弗兰克尔缺陷friction 摩擦Full annealing. 完全退火functionally 功能梯度Fusible Alloy 易溶合金G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel 镍铬G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome Molybdenum Steel 镍铬钼钢G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel 铬钼钢钢材Galvanic corrosion. 电化腐蚀Galvanic series. 电动势序gap 间距Gas constant R. 气体常数Gas Welding 气焊gear cutting machine 齿轮加工机床gear generating grinder 磨齿机gear hob 齿轮滚刀gel 凝胶法制备gelatin 明胶General 简介Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯混合能Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯熵Gibbs free energy, 吉布斯自由能Gibbs function, 吉布斯函数Gibbs phase rule. 吉布斯相律glass 玻璃Glass transition temperature Tg. 玻璃转变温度Glass-ceramic. 玻璃陶瓷gradient 梯度Graft copolymer. 接枝共聚物grafting 接枝grain 晶粒Grain boundary. 晶界Grain growth. 晶粒长大Grain size. 晶粒尺寸Grain. 晶粒Grain-Oriented 晶粒取向Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel 晶粒取向电器用硅钢片graphite 石墨graphitization 石墨化Gray cast iron. 灰口铁Green ceramic body. 未火烧的陶瓷体grinding cutter 磨具grinding force 磨削力grinding machine 磨床grinding wheel diameter 砂*直径grinding wheel width 砂*宽度grog, 熟料groove 槽groove milling 铣槽Ground state. 基态H Hall effect. 霍尔效应hard 硬质Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire 冷拉高碳钢线Hard Magnetic 硬磁Hard Magnetic Material 硬磁材料Hard magnetic material. 硬磁材料Hardenability 硬化性能Hardenability. 硬化程度hardness 硬度Hardness Tensile strength test 硬度及拉力hardness, 硬度Heat capacity Cp, Cv. 比热容Heat conductivity 导热度Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges 热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat Resistance Super Alloy 抗热超级合金heat shortness, 热脆性heating 升温Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 耐热不锈钢helical tooth system 螺旋齿*传动装置heterogeneous nucleation 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 异质核化hexagonal 六方hexagonal close-packed 密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 密排六方hexagonal unit cell 六方晶胞High Carbon Steel Strip 高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Wire Rod 高碳钢线枝High manganese steel 高锰钢铸High polymer. 高聚物high precision lathe 高精度车床High Temperature Tempering 高温回火high-speed 高速high-speed machining 高速加工High-strength, low-alloy HSLA steels. 高强度低合金钢hob 齿轮滚刀hobbingmachine 滚齿机hole 孔Hole electron. 空穴（电子）hollow 空心homogeneous nucleation, 均质核化homogenization 均匀化homogenization heat treatment 均匀化热处理Homopolymer. 同聚物hone 魔石honeycomb, 蜂窝honing machine 珩磨机horsepower 马力Hot working. 热加工Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils 镀铝硅钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip 热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip 冷轧钢片hybrid 杂化Hybrid composite. 混杂复合材料hydrogen 贮氢Hydrogen bond. 氢键Hydrogen embrittlement. 氢脆性hydrolysis 水解Hydroplastic forming. 含水塑性成形hydrothermal 水热hydroxyapatite 羟基磷灰石Hype-eutectoid 过共释钢Hyper-ectectic Alloy 过共晶体Hypereutectoid alloy. 过共析合金Hypoeutectic Alloy 亚共晶体Hypoeutectoid alloy. 亚共析合金Hyppo-Eutectoid 亚铁释体hysteresis 滞后Hysteresis（magnetic）. 磁滞现象immiscibility, 不混溶性immiscible solid solution, 不混溶固溶体impact 冲击Impact energy notch toughness. 冲击能（冲击韧性）Impact Test 冲击测试imperfection 缺陷Imperfection. 不完美性impregnation 浸渍inclination 倾斜increment 增量，增加，增〔大〕长indentation 压痕Index of refraction n. 折射率indexing table automatic 自动分度工作台Industrial Standard 工业标准及规格infeed grinding 切入式磨削infiltration 浸渗Inhibitor. 防蚀剂initiator 引发剂inorganic 无机installation 装置Insulator electrical. 电绝缘体Integrated circuit. 集成电路intercalation 插层Interdiffusion. 互扩散interface 界面interface defect 面缺陷interface defect, surface defect, 面缺陷Intergranular corrosion. 晶间腐蚀Intergranular fracture. 晶间断裂interlaminar 层间Intermediate solid solution. 中间固溶体intermetallic 金属间化合物Intermetallic compound 金属间化物Intermetallic compound. 金属间化合物internal grinding 内圆磨削Interstital solid solution 插入型固熔体Interstitial diffusion. 间隙式扩散Interstitial solid solution 间隙固熔体Interstitial solid solution. 间隙固溶体Intrinsic semiconductor. 本征半导体Invariant point. 不变点involute hob 渐开线滚刀Ionic bond. 离子键Iron Low Carbon as Base Metal 低碳钢或铁基层金属Isomerism. 同分异构现象Isomorphous. 同形的Isotactic. 全同立构的Isothermal transformation T-T-T diagram. 等温转变相图Isothermal. 等温的Isotopes. 同位素Isotropic. 各向同性的Izod test. 埃左冲击试验jig boring machine 坐标镗床JIS G4104 Chrome steel 铬钢kaolin 高岭土keyway cutting 键槽切削加工Killed steel 全静钢knurling tool 滚花刀具，压花刀具，滚花刀laedscrew machine 丝杠加工机床Laminar composite. 层状复合材料laminated层合laminates 层合板lap grinding 研磨lapping 研磨，抛光，精研，搭接，擦准Large-particle composite. 大颗粒复合材料Laser. 激光lathe 车床lathe dog 车床轧头lathe tool 车刀lattice 晶格Lattice constant 格子常数lattice parameter 点阵参数lattice parameter, 点阵参数Lattice parameters. 晶格参数lattice point 阵点Lattice strains. 晶格应变lattice,lattice point, 点阵阵点Lattice. 晶格layered 层状Leaded Free Cutting Steel 含铅易车钢Length Tolerance 长度公差level 水平Lever rule. 杠杆定理line defect, dislocation, 线缺陷Linear coefficient of thermal expansion. 热膨胀（线性）系数Linear polymer. 线型聚合物Liquid crystal polymer LCP. 液晶聚合物Liquidus line. 液相线loading time 充填时间，充气时间lock 锁Longitudinal direction. 纵向longitudinal grinding 纵磨Low High Te。