英语基础知识(时态)复习资料

英语基础知识(时态)复习资料
英语基础知识(时态)复习资料

英语基础知识(时态)复习资料

七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料

(2008-06-02 15:46:12)

七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料

姓名__________________ 学号

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I一般现在时

一般现在时是表示现阶段经常、习惯的动作或存在的状态。

●一般现在时的判断:

(1)当句中用到副词often,usually,sometimes 或always等,同时该句子中无表示在过去或将来的时间状语时,那么这个句子通常用一般现在时。

The student often plays basketball at school. My friends always help me with my English .

Sometimes Jim plays the piano after lunch.

(2)一般现在时常和类似every day,in the morning,on Sundays,at eight o’clock in the

morning等具有周期性的时间状语连用。如; Julia watches TV every night. Mike gets up late in the morning.

(3)一般表示某人或某物现阶段的特征、性质。能力等以及现实社会和自然界中客观现象,包括真理性的内容时,用一般现在时句子表达。The girl is beautiful, she works in a shop as a shop assistant.

The pandas live in Sichuan, they eat bamboo leaves.

●一般现在时的谓语结构可分为三类:系表结构谓语(即be动词+表语(多为adj形容词)),实义动词的谓语动词和情态动词+动词原形的谓语动词。

(1)be动词+表语该谓语结构通常用于表主语的状态。

E.g.:She is a student. She is beautiful. I’m from Agang. But my friends are from Luoping .

(2)实义动词谓语该谓语结构通常用于表主语的动作。

A.当句子主语为第三人称单数形式时,实义动词用第三人称单数形式。

E.g. My English teacher lives near our school. Bob speak French, and he likes Chinese food.

She wants to be a teacher when she is

older. Jim likes eating broccoli and potatoes.

●当主语为第三人称单数形式时,变成一般疑问句要用does来引导,变成否定句要借助doesn’t 来引导。这时要注意does和doesn’t后的单数谓语动词要用动词原形。

E.g. : This boy often plays computer games after school.

变为一般疑问句:Does this boy often play computer games after school.

变为否定句:This boy doesn’t often play computer games after school

B.当句子主语为非第三人称单数形式时,实义动词谓语动词用动词原形。

E.g.: we come from Australia. And we speak English .

Their parents work in Shanghai.

(3)含情态动词的谓语动词结构

情态动词是表示情态,语气等的一类动词。我

们学过或即将要学的情态动词有can,may,would,must(必须)和should(应该)等。相关概念补充。

(1)第三人称单数形式主语:一般句子由单个的人(除I ,you外)如人名,your friend/mother 等,单个的物或不可数名词,代词he,she,it 以及指示代词this,that。

(2)非第三人称单数形式主语:一般由I ,you 及复数名词,复数代词(we,you,they,these,those),或and连接的两个并列主语就是非第三人称单数形式主语。

(3)动词第三人称单数形式的构成:

①.一般动词后加s 构成。如:likes,plays,enjoys,reads,speaks,tells等。

②.一般一辅音字母+y结尾的动词将“y”变为“i”再+“es”。如study—studies。

③.一般以s,x,ch,sh或以o结尾的单词,加es。如watches,teaches,goes等。

④.不规则的形式,如,have—has ,be—is/are 等

注意:一般名词后加“s”或“es”表示的是复数形式,用于当要表示一名词的复数概念时。而一般

动词后加“s”或“es”表示的是第三人称单数形式用于当主语是第三人称单数形式时,从而使得句子的主谓保持一致。如:

There are some potatoes on the table. What animals do you like?

My father is a teacher, he teaches

English . He usually gets up at seven o’clock

in the morning .

●可数名词和不可数名词的应用

一般表示人,事物,时间,地点及抽象概念的名词的着一类词就叫名词。名词通常可分为普通名词和专有名词俩大类。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词(cn)的运用

可数名词是指有生命的,有一定整体的,可以用数目计算的这一类名词。如,potato,strawberry,egg,等,可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式两种。单数形式可数名词表示可数名词数目为“1”时的形式,直接用原形表示;复数形式名词则表示数目大于“1”时,含有若干个体时的形式,复数可数名词一般由可数名词的原形后加s或es 构成。

●可数名词在句中一般不能直接、单独(除表示学科、球类、三餐饭和季节等少数名词外)用于句中。具体又包括下面两点:

(1)如果可数名词作单数形式用于句中时,前一般有冠词(a,an或the)代词(this,that,my,his,our,her,their等)或名词所有格修饰。如果直接“光溜溜“地被直接用于句中是错误的。如:我是学生,我有尺子,铅笔和闹钟。译为:

I’m a student. I have a ruler, a pencil and an alarm clock.

(2) 如果可数名词作复数形式被使用时,前一般有冠词the,代词(there,my,some等)或名词所有格等修饰。如果没有,该复数可数名词往往表示一类人或事物。如:

look, these photos are in my bag. I like bananas. They would like some dumplings. (3)表示学科(如math,science)、球类、季节(如summer,winter等)及表示三餐的breakfast,lunch,supper等在句中应用时,如不是特指一般都直接用,前不用加冠词,代词或复数形式。如:

We study English, math science, biology, and so on(等等).and science is my favorite subject.

.

----What animals do you like? ----I like elephants. Because they are cute.

----Do you have a pen? ----Yes, I do. This dog is very lovely.

可数名词变复数的规则如下:

①一般情况直接加“s”。photos,bags, animals, elephants, koalas, musicians…etc.

②以“o”字母结尾的除了“黑人(negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)”加“es”外,其他都加“s”。如:tomatoes,photos 等。

③一般以辅音字母加y接尾的单词,先变y为i 在加es ,如:library—libraries,

family---families。等。以元音字母加y结尾的则直接加s,如boy—boys,toy—toys。

④以f和fe结尾的,先变f 和fe为v,再加es,如thief---thieves,leaf---leaves,scarf---scarfs &scarves, giraffe---giraffes.

●另外要注意一些单复数相同的可数名词。如Chinese,Japanese,people…etc.

●还有一些名词的不规则变法,如:man---men, woman---women, policeman---policemen, policewoman---policemen, child---children…etc.

● II.现在进行时

现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前一直在做着的动作。由be动词+现在分词构成。

现在进行时的判断

(1) 一般句中用到表示“在现在”的时间状语,如:now,right now(正好此刻),at the moment (在现在)或“it is+几点钟”句型,常判断用现在进行时。

It’s six o’clock. The children are playing basketball.

(2) 当句中用到“listen!”“look!”,“be quiet”等提示语,表明说话瞬间另一个动作正在进行,句子用现在进行时。如

Be quite, the kid is sleeping.

Look, he is playing football in the playground. Listen, he is singing a song.

It’s nine o’clock, he is doing her

homework. My mother is cleaning the bedroom now.

What is she doing?----she is listening to music.

(3) 现在进行时也常用来表当前一直在做着的动作,这时句中常用these days,all the time(一直)等时间状语。如

These days Uncle Wang is building a small room for me.

(4) 通过上下文句义,表明某一动作是在现在或说话瞬间做的动作,这个句子也用现在进行时。如:

----Is your mother at home?---Yes, she is watching TV .

●当判断好一个句子要用现在进行时,我们要注意不要忘记了be动词(和主语保持一致)和现在分词的变法。现在分词的变法具体如下:

①一般动词后直接加-ing。如:read---reading,wait---waiting,looking。

②以“e”字母结尾的单词去掉“e”后加-ing。See 除外,如:take---taking, write---writing,

have---having, live---living, hope---hoping, make---making, see---seeing.

③以w,y结尾的单词直接加-ing。如:

snow---snowing,play---playing,

study---studying。

④以“辅元辅”结尾除了以“辅音+en结尾”的单词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,然后在加-ing。如:run---running,swim---swimming,

get---getting,sit---sitting,put---putting,begin---beginning。

⑤以“ie”结尾的单词,先变“ie”为“y”,在加ing。如:tie---tying,lie---lying。

另外要请同学们注意的就是在一些动词后如果

后面跟着另一个动词,我们要把后面的动词变成-ing形式。如:enjoy, practice, like, have fun, find,以及除to外的所有介词。如:

they have fun playing in the water. He practice speaking English every morning.

Nancy enjoys listening to music in the midnight. Her mother likes eating fish for dinner.

●虽然上面四句话都有动词的-ing形式,但他们不是现在进行时,只不过是把后面的哪个动词变成了名词了而已。

III.一般过去时

一般过去时是表示在过去某一时间发生的动作和状态。一般过去时也可表示在过去某一阶段经常、反复发生的动作。

●一般过去时的判断

一般句中用到表示过去的时间状语,用过去时。这样的时间状语有:

A.“yesterday一家”,如:yesterday, yesterday afternoon/morning/evening, at twelve

o’clock yesterday morning.

B.“last”一家,如:last week/weekend, last year, last month, last Sunday, last Friday morning…etc.

C.“…ago一家”用“一段时间+ago”表示…(多久)以前“。如:two days ago, eight years ago , a month ago…etc.

D.表示过去的日期及短语:on March 31 st , in the 1990s, in the old days(在过去的岁月里), just now(刚才), long ago(很久以前)。

另外,还可根据句子的意思进行判断。如:

He wanted to be a policeman when he was

young.

The fat woman often got up late when she was young.

●一般过去时句子的谓语结构:

(1) be动词+表语谓语结构

当要表示过去某人和某物具有的状态特征时需要用“be动词+表语”这一结构来表达。Be动词根据人称或单、复数不同的主语选用其过去式was或were。

How was your vacation? His little brother was very shot in 2000.

(2)一般动词的谓语结构

一般过去时句子谓语如果用到一般动词,主要是实义动词,包括be动词除外的其他连系动词时,如果在肯定语气中,用该动词的过去式。动词过去式无人称和数的变化。如:

They stayed at home last weekend. Many American students visited our school yesterday. 将含一般动词过去式作谓语结构的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,在句首加上助动词did,然后把动词过去式恢复为原形,变为否定句时在主语后加didn’t,同时将动词过去式变为动词原形。

His cousin did her homework last weekend.

变为一般疑问句:Did his cousin do her homework last weekend?

变为否定句:His didn’t do her homework last weekend.

动词过去式的构成

①一般动词后加“ed”,wait---waited,

look---looked,clean---cleaned,listen---listened。

②以不发音字母结尾的单词后加“d”,如:

like---liked,live---lived,hope---hoped

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变“y”为“i”,在加“ed”。如:study---studied,carry---carried,以元音字母加y结尾的动词直接加“ed”如:play---played。

④以“辅元辅”结尾的动词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,然后在加上ed。如:stop---stopped,plan---planned。

⑤另外有一些动词构成过去式无一定规则,这些就要求同学们硬记住了。具体见课本p101。

初中英语语法知识—动词时态的基础测试题及答案(2)

一、选择题 1.The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels 2.— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A.will finish B.have finished C.finish D.finishes 3.— Look at my new watch. —Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it? A.Do B.will C.did D.Are 4.Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A.watches; reading B.watching; reads C.looks; reading D.watches; looking 5.It’s 4:00 p.m. The students _____ in the pool. A.swim B.swam C.swims D.are swimming 6.—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A.There will have B.There is going to have C.There will be 7.—Have you written a litter to your brother? —Yes, I have. I________one last Sunday. A.was writing B.wrote C.have written 8.—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A.was waiting B.waits C.waited D.is waiting 9.Alice always________her notebooks. She is not tidy. A.lose B.lost C.loses D.found 10.--Look! Someone the classroom. --Well,it wasn't me. I didn't do it. A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.will clean 11.—Did you see a man in black pass by just now? —No, sir. I a newspaper. A.read B.was reading C.would read D.am reading 12.Mr Hua ________ to Japan. He’ll come back in two weeks. A.goes B.went C.has gone D.will go 13.He to the zoo yesterday. A.goes B.go C.goed D.went 14.—I can’t stand such loud music! — Sorry, I __________ it off. A.have turned B.turn C.turned D.will turn

小学英语四种时态

英语四种时态 ◆一般现在时 1.定义:1.表示目前存在的状态 2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作 3.表示客观的事实 2.标志词:频度副词:例:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week….) 例如:1. I often watch TV at home. 3.结构:当主语是第三人称单数时动词+ s, 或es)2. She always goes to school on foot 疑问形式:.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式:动词前加don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原) 例如:Do you clean your room on the weekend? Does she wash her clothes on the weekend?ea ◆现在进行时 1. 定义:表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.提示语:look! Listen! now!等词 3.结构:Be动词(am, is, are ) + 动词ing 例如:1. Look, they are playing football.2. Listen ,she is singing. 3.I am reading now . ◆一般将来时 1.定义:1.表示计划或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year…) 3.结构有两种:1.be going to + 动词原形 2.will + 动词原形 如:1.He is going to play football next week. 2 .He will play basketball next week. 疑问形式:be 或will 放主语前如: 1. Is he going to play football next week? 2.Will he play baskball next week? 否定式:be 或will 后加not will not = won’t 如:1. He isn’t going to play football next week? 2. He won’t play baskball next week? ◆一般过去式 1.定义:表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 3.结构:1.动词用过去时was, were ,did, played 等。例如:is/am---was are ----were 疑问形式:1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式:1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原) 该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如: 1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their r oom? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didn’t. 6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there?I went by train.

英语语法基础入门

英语基础语法知识(一) 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。 英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下: (一)名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如: foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类: < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如: Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如: shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆

toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如: man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。 (二)冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如: a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如: · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 (三)代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括: 1。人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等; 2。物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等; 3。反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等; 4。相互代词,如:each other, one another等; 5。指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

英语语法基础时态

大学英语语法1——基础时态 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法: A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。) D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 Mr. Lee told his students the early bird (catch) the worm. E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)

例:If traffic problems will not be solved soon, driving in cities will become impossible. 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 例如:She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。My wife is always criticizing me.我的妻子总是批评我。 现在进行时与频度副词always、continually、constantly、forever等连用,常表示不满或抱怨情绪等。 注意: The food that Cathy is cooking in the kitchen _____ delicious. A. is smelling B. smells C. has smelled D. will smell 感官动词,如smell, taste, sound , feel等 A study of the motion of objects is necessary if we are understanding their behaviors and learn to control them. 表示感情、拥有关系、状态或思想的动词,如agree、believe, belong, contain, hate, hear(听到), like, love, mind, notice, possess, see, seem, understand, want等。 3. 现在完成时(have done)

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(完整版)小学英语语法_四大时态(最新整理)

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英语语法大全之种时态

英语语法大全之种时态 TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】

师大附小 英语语法大全小学教育 Jwwang 2017-8-16

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begin—beginning stop—stopping,shop—shopping, 现在进行时句型转换:肯定句Sheiscleaningherroomnow 疑问句Isshecleaningherroomnow?(一提,二变,三问号) 否定句Sheisnotcleaningherroomnow(在be动词后+not) 特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? 例:Whatareyoudoing. 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: 7 例:Whatareyougoingto/willdotomorrow? 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon. 2.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek. 3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrainy.He______________(go)toschoolbybike. 4.Whatwillyoudodonextweekend?I__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects? 5.TomorrowisFriday。What_____she_________(do)?She______________(watch)TVand(listen)tomusic.

小学英语四种时态及口诀

小学英语四种时态及口诀 一提到时态,就必然用到动词。首先要明确两个概念: 动词有五种形式,即:原形(形式),第三人称单数(形式),过去式(形式),现在分词(形式),过去分词(形式)。 小学阶段,句子有以下四种常见时态,即:一般现在时态;一般过去时态;一般将来时态;现在进行时态。 式,意思就是各种不同的形式,是对应着动词来说的; 时态,意思就是表达各种不同的时间的事情,是对应着句子来说的。式与时,先搞懂区别。 一、一般现在时态 一般现在时用法口诀 一般现在时,every, usually, often, sometimes. 第一、二人称和复数,动词原形不变换。 除了I, you,复数外,动词后加s(es)别忘怀。 要变一般疑问句,be动词提前很容易。 若是没有be动词,Do和Does开头要注意。 否定句,很简单,not 在be 动词后面站。 若是没有be动词,do, does加not 要牢记。 请把这些规律记,一般现在时没问题。 一般现在时态,可能是两种意思。 第一,表示经常性的动作, 常与often, sometimes, usually, every day, every week, every month, every year等表示频率的副词连用。 例如:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually go to work by bike. Sam visits China every year. 第二,表示现在的状态。 如:My mother is a worker. There is a computer in our classroom. 注意问题: be (am, is, are) 动词就是独立的谓语动词,一个句子中有了be(am, is, are) 就有了谓语动词了。

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