研究生英语词汇

1.

II. Vocabulary

A. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.

1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______ from the farming community.

A. straightforwardly

B. notably(especially)

C. virtually

D. exceptionally

2. The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty (property).

A. predominant

B. credulous

C. inclusive(<->exclusive)

D. sustainable

3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most ___ of governments./ reward rewarding [a gifted / talented person]

A. tough

B. demanding

C. diverse

D. benign (kind)

4. The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.

A. prejudice

B. verification

C. verdict

D. punishment

5. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.

A. sizeable

B. adverse(negative)

C. beneficial

D. consequential

6. The UN threatened to ______ economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.

A. engage

B. pursue

C. abandon/ abundant

D. invoke

7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new ______ and the old government.

A. regime

B. hegemony

C. complex

D. federation/ fedal<->federal, confederate)

8. These questions ______ a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.

A. evolve

B. constitute

C. tolerate

D. aroused

9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.

A. apparatus

B. constitution

C. insistence

D. promotion

10. I learnt that there are no genuinely ______ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.

A. endangered

B. domesticated (tamed)

C. indigenous

D. extinct

B. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

point up by and large take in descent for good or ill leave aside crystal clear die out endanger lay... at the door of

1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.

2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.

3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.

4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (=i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent.

5. This debate is important because it

facts" are not necessarily as simple and

seem.

6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life. [worn-out]

7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.

8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management. (relate A to B)

9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants. (habitat)

10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.

2.

II. Vocabulary

Choose the best word from the four choices given to complete each of the following sentences.

1. "It was a(n) _____ task," Sybille recalled, "because it was really the first big party Laura had given in her life."

A. ridiculous

B. rigorous

C. accountable

D. mammoth

2. About one-third of the adult homeless are _____ mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs.

A. chronically

B. sparsely (<->intensively)

C. adequately

D. individually

3. We spent a wonderful day at her home, and all the guests were well _____.

A. implemented (carried out)

B. acknowledged

C. contended (argued)

D. accommodated

4. (Contrast<->)Compared to voter participation rates of citizens in other democracies, participation in American elections is low; slightly more than 50 percent of those _____ participate in national presidential elections.

A. feasible (=practicable)

B. available

C. eligible

D. accessible

5. I can only reduce the painful uncertainty and _____ of those first few days by learning relevant information quickly.

A. swamp

B. bewilderment (confusion)

C. chronicle

D. publicity

6. The _____ in the 1960s and early 1970s were marked by protest and violence on college campuses over United States involvement in the war in Vietnam

A. exodus

B. option

C. turmoil

D. squeeze

7. Non-nuclear Weapons Agreements signed in 1972 restricted or eliminated the production and use of biological and chemical weapons. It also _____ destruction of existing stocks of weapons by the year 2005.

A. mandated (ordered)

B. advocated

C. seized (caught)

D. banned

8. Nor am I suggesting (indicating) that black children are somehow (=for reasons unknown) linguistically _____, or unable to separate standard English.

A. deficient

B. demanding

C. lagged

D. accelerated

9. When twelve women who_____ to be virgins were found, only two would swear an oath to that effect, but the executors decided to take the women's word for it (=consider sth. true).

A. deemed (seen)

B. tutored

C. professed

D. donated

10. (pessimistic: a.->) Pessimism has prevailed for some time, and now the economic (optimistic a.->) optimism is back on the road.

A. chart

B. core

C. statute (law)

D. bandwagon

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

let alone wind up draw lots vow weigh

in a row bail out hop on lofty brief

1. Only I don't know how I should set about finding a home, let alone one that she would be happy in. [If only I could fly]

2. The players alternate between the white and black pieces and draw lots to determine who plays white in today's first game.

3. Three (positive<->)negative reports in a row would be a strong indication that the disease had been arrested (controlled).

4. But it was now three o'clock in the morning and the debate was quickly wound up with the money being voted for the site and foundations (fund: n./ vt).

5. It argues that even though the Italian authorities may no longer bail out (support) any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood (possibility) of government support for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings. (the capital bank)

6. A very lazy way to spend a day in the sun, is to buy a day ticket and hop on and off the boats and in and out of the many cafes and restaurants dotted around the lake.

7. They won't quit. They vow to fight the system in court, if necessary.

8. You have to be careful and weigh the advantages of their appearance against the disadvantages of their potential to distract from the message.

9. But while their leaders considered these lofty goals, the party's bureaucrats had more immediate problems on their hands—the prospect of unemployment.

10. I'm well briefed on the subject, this isn't my own knowledge.

3

II. Vocabulary

Read the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.

1. Traditionally it is a peaceful event, without confrontation between police and what they describe as the hippy convoy.

A. connection

B. exchange

C. fight

D. interaction

2. Tom Landry is one of the most successful football coaches in National Football League history, and he was known for his unruffled manner and fierce competitiveness.

A. calm

B. brave

C. polite

D. mild (climate<->weather)

buyers so that he could buy back the farm at an extremely low price.

A. betrayed

B. frightened

C. gathered

D. cheated (deceive)

4. After the boss announced that he would move the company to Los Angeles, all the employees begrudgingly accepted the plan as they were afraid of losing the job. A. presently (timely/ in time/ promptly) B. reasonably C. willingly D. reluctantly

5. People with ADHD have difficulty keeping their minds on one thing; they may run into the street without looking, blurt out inappropriate comments in class, and interrupt conversations.

A. utter (->utterance)

B. conduct

C. make

D. crush

6. An attendant Labor press officer mumbled: "We're shameless, aren't we?" [(1)vt.: attend a meeting/ a class; (2)vi.: attend to sb.; flight attendant]

A. claimed

B. acknowledged

C. proposed (suggest)

D. muttered

7. During the congressional elections of 1866, Johnson campaigned for his Reconstruction Program (project), but his efforts hurt his cause (事业) more than they helped. This exasperated him into heated (激烈) and undignified arguments. (congress->Capitol)

A. hit

B. beat

C. angered

D. stirred

8. One primary intervention therefore was for me to liaise regularly with the ward so that Mrs. Allen was fully informed about the situation. (well-informed<->ill-informed; inform sb of sth.)

A. negotiate

B. contact

C. impose

D. stimulate (stimuli and response)

9. Difficult market conditions were exacerbated when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices.

A. deteriorated

B.

(alter<->)changed

C. (go to sb’s relief/ relieve sb./ rescue sb./ relief->relieved

D. solved (a problem; answer a question)

10. Thus all material to be shown will have been compiled in the knowledge that

it would be made available.

A. verified

B. sorted

C. extracted

D. (A is ~ of B and C. ) composed

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

take a toll on end up pore over slap bully

lose one's cool be up come in handy strategy promptly

1. Human-made structures also take a toll (bring heavy losses) on migrants. Skyscrapers and radio towers have caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands of migrating birds. (migrate->migrant; emigrate<->immigrate)

2. Amanda stayed calm at the moment and didn't lose her cool (n.).

3. We both like driving it so much that we end up using it all the time.

4. We should remember from Mayhew's account (description) that the boots also come in handy (prove to/ turn out to be useful) for kicking policemen and other traditional foes (夙敌) of the costers.

5. In his lunch breaks Doisneau pored over books on photography, and at weekends he set off (start out) alone with a heavy wooden camera and tripod to capture the first of the "personal" photographs that would be the basis (base) of his life's work.

6. Last night the woman, who did not wish to be named, said: "I'm really (fury->)furious, I'd just love to slap him on (the) his nasty face."

7. I could tell by the look (expression) on his face that something was up (was happening).

8. Essential (important) information on the progress of the project is conveyed throughout its duration and any enforced changes are notified promptly (timely/ in time).

9. This use of a series of releasers, one after the other, is a strategy frequently employed (used) in communication.

10. He wasn't, in fact, a very nice (good) boy, a bully and rather stupid.

4

II. Vocabulary

A Read the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.

compelling (forcing) the president and his advisers to

explaining U. S. policy in Asia.

A. weakened

B. stressed

C. broke

D. split (video splitter/ a split second)

2. The picture was different from all the others. It consisted of a lot of discrete spots of color. [A consists of B and C/ A is composed of B and C]

A. mysterious

B. surprising

C. separate

D. bright

3. The preparation for the great military overseas operations entailed months of

careful planning and preparation.

A. entitled

B. required

C. provided (sb. with sth.)

D. deprived (sb. of sth.)

4. It was reported that a 19-year-old college student at Berkeley was taken from her apartment. And two days after the abduction a tape recording was sent to a local radio station.

A. burglary

B. murder (n./ vt.)

C. hijack

D. kidnapping

5. Mott suffers financially and emotionally as (when) his series of delusional get-rich-quick schemes (plans) goes bad (fail).

A. expected

B. extravagant

C. dreamed

D. (brain) drained

6. Then for a number of (a lot of) African Americans the strategy of the Civil Rights Movement was beginning to appear demeaning and even irrelevant.

A. degrading

B. destining (be destined to do sth.)

C. deviating

D. (ascend<->)descending

7. The member countries of the organization would act only with the sanction of United Nations. [act on sth.]

A. punishment

B. (sustain->)sustenance

C. approval

D. authorization

of themselves (independently), usually at unlikely (impossible) moments and to those who least expect them.

A. evident (a.->evidence: n.)

B. immediate

C. inevitable (=unavoidable)

D. hidden (camera)

9. The Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the cost to industry of

B. execution

D. agreeableness

10. On the basis (base) of the law, the woman's right is absolute and that she is entitled to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time, in whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses.

A. pause

B. complete(a./ vt.)

C. expire

D. stop

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Ike each word

or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary. extraterrestrial jurisdiction to be sure pertain to follow suit

a measure of be bound by after all acknowledgment attest to

1. In the U. S. the FBI has the broadest jurisdiction of all federal law enforcement agencies. It is authorized to investigate all federal criminal violations that the United States Congress has not specifically assigned to other federal agencies.

2. Many Scandinavian words were introduced into Old English by the Norsemen, or Vikings, who invaded Britain periodically from the late 8th century on. Introduced first were words pertaining to the sea and battle.

3. At a conference on space exploration, a Moscow astronomer proposed that two intense radio sources might indicate attempts by extraterrestrial creatures to let their presence be known. [press/ academic conference]

4. Little is known of the earliest inhabitants of England. A prehistoric temple found at Stanton Drew in 1997 attest to the early presence of an able (intelligent) people.

5. To be sure, some people may disagree, but that doesn't mean I'm wrong.

6. The first player to the left plays any card, and the rest of the players, follow suit. [(1)Yunnan is in the south of China. (2)Vietnam is on the south of Yunnan; The Philippines is to the south of China.; on the left/ right]

7. He has not become rich in business, but he has had a measure (degree) of

success.

8. The representative of the United Kingdom argued unsuccessfully that such interference would only make negotiations more difficult; he declined (refused) to accept them or be bound by them.

9. I know he hasn't finished the work, but, after all, he is a very busy man.

10. The Clinton administration, reversing the policy of the previous Bush administration, supported acknowledgment of the growing North-South division of the world into rich and poor countries.

6.

II. Vocabulary

A. Read the following sentences and decide winch of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.

1. I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture

B. unavoidable

C. customary

as (=and) a love of the picturesque and sublime nature.

A. immense

B. fascinating (attractive)

C. magnificent (great/ noble)

D. enchanting (attractive)

3. One important feature (property/ character) of the period was the growth (development) of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.

A. sponsors

B. supporters

C. advocators

D. advisors

4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic news came out of the country.

A. negative

B. disastrous

C. official

D. reliable

5. If a block of wood is completely immersed in water, the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood.

A. dipped

B. pressed

C. forced

D. pushed

6. According to Zhuangzi, a Daoist (道家) philosopher of the late 4th century

B.C., through mystical union with the Dao the individual could transcend nature and even life and death.

A. dissolve

B. upraise (bring up)

C. surpass

D. depress (->suppress)

7. As economic growth ground to a halt (stop), the local populations grew (became) more and more disaffected.

A. indifferent

B. resentful

C. unvalued

D. (dignity->)indignant (>angry)

bust", periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse [->collapsible] and waves of unemployment. [beheaded= killed]

A. failure

B. transition

C. (lose->)loss

D. depression [the Great Depression]

9. At that time (=then), life was nearly as taxing (burdensome) for all-black bands: black musicians were required to use kitchen entrances and service elevators (=lift), which forced them to confront the ugly realities of racial discrimination. [Hard Times] A. miserable B. hard (=difficult) C. unbearable D. harsh

implicit (<->explicit) censorship has nothing like the power of the old system and contrary opinion is never entirely stifled.

A. released

B. arrested

C. retarded (->retardant)

D. prohibited [pro-: (1)officially; (2)forward]

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

in control of within the framework variables it turns out on paper

take away from once in a while trade... for make sense take heart

1. The most famous private boarding schools are open to the public

in reality are attended by those who can afford (=pay for) the fees (->fare). [(1)border;

(2)]

.

if the

4. The Commission (->committee) was to formulate plans for establishing an

of the Security Council. [city council]

his success in writing it.

7. The presentation of his paper was highly praised, but that the paper was copied from the Internet. [think great/ highly of sb.<->think little of sb./ look down upon sb.; Turn out: (1)The police turned out to the

…;]

to her. [She doesn’t

the meeting, and after singing and prayer she introduced a strange friend from America.

10. The early settlers copper for corn from natives. [to settle in somewhere/ ~ an argument][scorn (look down upon sb.;)]

7.

II. Vocabulary

A. Read the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence closest in meaning go the underlined word.

1. In July he issued a decree (law) ordering all unofficial armed groups in the country to disband.

A. end up

B. come up

C. stand up

D. break up

2. The Amazon ant carries out forays (attack) against other ants and brings back some of them to the home nest to serve as slaves.

A. (invade->)invasions

B. fights

C. wars

D. missions (task)

3. The flu virus that are most (prevail->) prevalent one year differ from those that bedevil humans the next year.

A. kill

B. worry

C. frustrate

D. trouble

4. He correctly predicted that the policy against their neighboring countries would goad (force) them into economic nationalism.

A. assist (help)

B. press

C. drive (make)

D. aid (help)

5. The King made (declare ~ on country) war on the state of Kalinga, and conquered in 261 B.C. When he saw the suffering he had caused, however, he was overcome (overwhelmed) with remorse.

A. regret

B. revenge

C. hatred (n.)

D. emotion

6. When she first visited South-West Africa in 1947 as an investigative journalist, she helped reveal the appalling (surprising/ shocking) conditions under which blacks were obliged to work.

A. startling

B. exotic (foreign)

C. (terror->terrible/) terrific (wonderful)

D. (amazing->)amusing (interesting)

7. In his book the Iliad, Homer describes Thersites as the ugliest and most impudent (rude) of the Greeks.

A. tough

B. ill-famed (notorious)

C. rude

D. harmful

8. Apprehensive (Fearful) of their enemy's encirclement, the country enhanced its foreign contacts with its neighbors in Europe.

A. Scornful

B. Fearful

C. Regardless

D. Careless

9. The slave-owners grudgingly (reluctantly) accepted the (abolish->) abolition in 1888, rather than face the massive slave unrest (rebelling) and flight (escape).

A. slowly

B. gradually

C. unwillingly

D. eventually (finally)

10. They (swear->) swore their allegiance to the nation and received their naturalization papers.

A. contribution

B. loyalty

C. immensity (greatness)

D. epithet (scoring)

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

work off contend with deftly sternly brusquely

seek out make amends desolate deride mutely

give you some

idea of all the aspects a business needs (compete with) in order to survive in today's current economic climate (->weather).

2. European market is becoming promising. Now is the time for local companies

their debt through community service.

4. It was wonderful to watch her fingers moving (skillfully) and (err<->error) unerringly.

5. Many students advocate the right of Some of my students once

protested to me recently because I shouted (severely) a problem boy of seven.

6. (Evidence->)Evidently (Obviously) men of great energy and charm, Bouvier and Thierry found friendliness

perceive (see/ find) beauty in every landscape, however desolate (deserted).

8. I crouched by him and grasped his hand, mutely offering (giving)

10. theory about economic development is widely derided (laughed at) by conventional (traditional) scientists.