完整word版,《美国文学史及选读》考试题型及复习要点2017
(完整版)美国文学史及选读试卷 (2)
美国文学史及选读试卷Ⅰ。
Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives。
Choose the one that would best complete the statement。
(60points in total， 2 points for each）1。
The Romantic Period in American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of _________.A. the Revolutionary War B。
the Civil WarC。
the War for Independence D。
World War I2。
Washington Irving’s_________ became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic in the first half of the 19th century。
A. Charles the Second B。
Sketch BookC. The Scarlet LetterD. Moby Dick3。
The New England Transcendentalism was from the very beginning a local phenomenon restricted only to those people living in New England， who carried out the movement as a reaction against the cold, rigid rationalism of _______ in Boston。
美国文学考试
美国文学考试第一篇：美国文学考试美国文学考试题型1、填空题（这部分的重点老师带我们画过，由于比较散，不方便整理，请同寝室或隔壁寝室相互告知）-----大家记得人名，作品名称等一定不要写错了2、名词解释（共两题，每题5分）这一题大体有三种类型：文本、作者、理论大题要求（大家按点答题）文本类：①写明作者②该文本体现的理论特征③该文本的主要内容（2分）④该文本使用的主要文学技巧理论类：①该理论出现的时间②该理论的主张（2分）③写作风格④相关作家以及他的作品作者类：①写明哪个时期的作者②该作者的文学主张③写作风格④主要作品以及作品的主题下面是本学期我们学过的作家、理论以及作品（结合笔记以及结合相关资料整理的，不是老师说的标准答案哦，大家参考即可）理论---本学期三大主要理论①PuritanismPuritanism , appeared in the early part of the 17th century, is the practices and beliefs of Puritans.The American puritanism, like their English brothers , are idealists.They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.But due to te grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical.It is so much part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenetsIts influence on literatureAmerican literature had the characteristics of simplicity, plainness of rhetoric and indication to the Holy Bile代表作家Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Nathaniel Hawthorne(课本所选的代表作品)②transcendentalismAmerican transcendentalism is more than an attitude of Transcendentalist.T o “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits.The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.The major features of the American Transcendentalism are:A.They place emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the UniverseB.They stress the importance of individualsC.They offer a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God该理论出现的大致时间1836-the civil war代表作家--Ralph Waldo Emerson代表作品the American Scholar③naturalismAmerican naturalism accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolution theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces.It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will.That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.Time: the mid-19th century---the first half of the 20th centuryNaturalism in literature:the product of despair.It had no attempt to make moral judgment.It offered detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modernsociety.代表任人物及作品Stephen Cranethe Open Boat作者（三个比较重要的）① Nathaniel Hawthorne浪漫主义时期（特别记住）作家He is a master of symbolismHe has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s beingHis understandi ng of “evil being at the core of human life” is deeply reflected in his works Young Goodman Brown是他的代表作，该作品体现的主题PURITANISMA.man’s depravityB.The original sin: a journey from innocence to evilC.PredestinationD.A struggle between to forces②Ralph Waldo Emerson浪漫主义时期作家He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism which he regarded as an intuitive cognizance of moral and other truths that transcend the limits of human sense experience 代表作：The American Scholar主题：Transcendentalism大致内容：we American should stop imitating other counties in literature and we ought to create a way of our own.③Stephen Crane19世纪后半期---20世纪初，自然主义时期作家。
美国文学史及选读1.1
The origin of American Indians
• They were divided into a great number of tribes who spoke different languages. By the 15th century there were 15 to 20 million inhabitants in the Americas, some of them were quite primitive, while others were among the most advanced cultures in the world. But when the Europeans arrived in great numbers in the 16th and 17th centuries, the cultures of the American Indians began to change as they came into contact with Western culture and technology.
&
Mark Twain
SelecteEdarRneesat Hdeimnignsgwiany American Literature
Outline of American Literature ( 6 periods )
[1] Colonial Period ----Puritanism (1607-1775) Chapter 1
?这些英国人在安顿好新家以后为感谢在危难之时帮助支援过他们的印第安人同时也感谢上帝对他们的恩赐是年年11月第四星期四将猎获的火鸡制成美味佳肴盛情款待印第安人并与他们进行联欢庆祝活动持续了三天
《美国文学史选读》复习思考题答案
<0171）《美国文学史及选读》复习思考题答案15>I. Write out the authors’ names of the following works. (Benjamin Franklin T. S. EliotJames Cooper Walt WhitmanJames Baldwell Ernest HemingwayJoseph Heller John SteinbeckWilliam Faulkner Mark TwainWashingtonIrving Ernest HemingwayRobert Frost Toni MorrisonRalph Ellison Eugene O’NeillJohn Steinbeck Allan PoeF. Scott Fitzgerald Tennessee Williams WashingtonIrving Robert FrostNathaniel Hawthorne Herman MelvilleEugene O’Neill Mark TwainWilliam Faulkner Robert FrostArthur Miller James CooperH. D. Thoreau Henry JamesWhitman Jack LondonJack London O’NeillII. Define the following literary terms. (20>Beat generation:The term was coined by Jack Kerouac in 1948 to refer to a group of disillusioned writers following World War Two. Later, this literary and cultural movement continued into the 1960s. The Beat Generation must not be confused with the Lost Generation of writers. Spokesmen and representatives of the Beat Generation were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and others. They revolted against an America that was materialistic, belligerent andfrustrating. Social, intellectual and sexual freedom was advocated. Traditional culture and normalsocial behavior were attacked and violated. Many of them were drug addicts wearing long hair anddirty clothes. They were fond of slangs and jazz. Masterpieces created by writers of this groupHowl and Other Poems, which were regarded as include Kerouac’sOn the Road and Ginsberg’spocket Bibles of that generation. Other prominent Beats include William S. Burroughs, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gregory Corso, Michael McClure, and Neal Cassady. The Beat Generation, had greatly influenced the countercultural movements of the 1960s and the adolescents and adults inother countries. In England, the “angry young men” made an echo and imitated the American “beatnik.”Protagonist: the principal character in a play or story。
美国文学史复习资料大全--最全必考考点集结
美国文学史复习资料大全--最全必考考点集结本页仅作为文档页封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.MarchL e c t u r eⅠA B r i e f I n t r o d u c t i o n t o A m e r i c a nL i t e r a t u r efeatures of American writersIndependent, Individualistic, Critical, Innovative, HumorousI The Literature of Colonial and American PuritanismThe first American writer: Capitan John Smith.Philip Freneau:( Father of American Poetry)I I T h e L i t e r a t u r e o f R e a s o n a n d R e v o l u t i o n,E n l i g h t e n m e n t Jonathan Edwards: First modern American and the country’s last medieval manBenjamin Franklin: The AutobiographyThomas Paine :The American CrisisThomas Jefferson (“The Declaration of Independence” first established the identity of American people)John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, and JeffersonI I I T h e L i t e r a t u r e o f R o m a n t i c i s mWashing Irving欧文: His first book was “A History of New York ”.“The Sketch Book 美国信札” made him international famousJames Fenimore Cooper: 库伯“Leatherstocking Tales”, 皮袜子故事集a series of five novels about the frontier life of American settlers.Deerslayer (1843), Pathfinder (1841), Last of the Mohicans (1825), The Pioneer (1823),The Prairie ( 1827),Edgar Allan Poe艾伦·坡: Poe was sensitive enough to feel the pressure of a world where science and reason reign supreme, and one where there is neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor peace, nor help from God.“The Raven”, “Israfel”, “Sonnet—to Science” and “To Hellen”.His short stories: “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”, “The Purloined Letter”, “The Gold Bug” and “The Mystery of Marie Roget”o f T r a n s c e n d e n t a l i s m先验主义A. Emphasis on Spirit (Oversoul)B. Emphasis on individualsC. Taking nature as the symbol of the Spirit (Oversoul)D. Brotherhood of man (equal and liberty)Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生: Emerson created the school of transcendentalism. His famous essay “American Scholar” established the independence of A merican intellectual.“Nature”Henry David Thoreau梭罗: Walden瓦尔登湖Nathaniel Hawthorne 藿桑Twice-Told Tales ; Moses from an Old Manse, Scarlet Letter红字; The House of Seven Gables; The Blithedale Romance; The Marble FaunHerman Melville麦尔维尔:Moby Dick大白鲸Walt Whitman惠特曼: leaves of grass草叶集, song of myselfEmily Dickinson狄金森I V T h e L i t e r a t u r e o f R e a l i s mBeecher Stowe斯托夫人: “Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋”Henry James 詹姆斯and international theme: The Portrait of a Lady, The Ambassadors, The Wings of the Dove and The Golden Bowl,5: American NaturalismStephen Crane克兰: Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsTheodore Dreiser德莱塞: Sister CarrieJack London杰克·伦敦: The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf Martin Eden O. Henry欧·亨利 The Gift of the Magi, The Cop and the Athem6T w e n t i e t h-C e n t u r y L i t e r a t u r eEzra Pound庞德: In a Station of the MetroRobert Frost弗罗斯特: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningScott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德 and The American Dream: The Great GatsbyErnest Hemingway海明威 and Iceberg Principle: The Sun Also Rises. A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the SeaSteinbeck斯坦贝克: The Grape of WrathWilliam Faulkner福克纳: The Sound and the Fury ,Light in AugustSherwood Anderson安德森: Winesburg, OhioSinclair Lewis路易斯: Main StreetP u r i t a n i s m（清教主义）Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. predestination（命运天定）, original sin（原罪）, total depravity（人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝）,limited atonement（有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救）（启蒙运动）an intellectual movement in the seventeenth century and eighteenth. The common element was a trust in human reason as adequate to solve the crucial problems and to establish the essential norms in life, together with the belief that the application of reason was rapidly dissipating the remaining feudal traditions.（意象派）1912 and 1917. The typical Imagist poetry is written in free verse and undertakes to be as precisely and tersely as possible. Meanwhile, the Imagist poetry likes toexpress the writers’ momentary impression of a visual object or scene and often the impression is rendered by means of metaphor without indicating a relation.C o l o r i s m地方色彩文学a literary trend belonging to Realism. It refers to the detailed representation in prose fiction of the setting, dialect, customs, dress and ways of thinking and feeling which are distinctive of a particular region.the literature and art after WWII. Postmodernism involves not only a continuation, sometimes carried to an extreme, of the countertraditional experiments of modernism, but also diverse attempts to break away from modernist forms which had, inevitably, become in their turn conventional, as well as to overthrow the elitism of modernist “high art” by recourse to the models of “mass art”.（超验主义）in 1830s in US；emphasis on spirit or oversoul and stressing importance of the individual；regarding nature as symbols of the spirit or God and emphasis on brotherhood of man；representatives: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David ThoreauG e n e r a t i o n（迷惘的一代）American writers of the decade following the end of WWI, disillusioned by their war experience and alienated by what they perceived as the crassness of American culture are often tagged as Lost Generation. Their representatives are F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway.（自然主义）Naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. Inpresenting the extremes of life, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.Lecture 2 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)1.The theme in the scarlet letterThe sin of Puritanism on human nature(1)Sin: Hawthorne is haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. Evil seems to be man’s birthmark. Sin will be punished. Hawthorne was predominantly concerned with the moral, emotional, and psychological effect of the sin on people in general. The story of Adam and Eve; Dimmesdale’s "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; Chillingworth's misshapen body reflects the anger in his soul Pearl embodies the poison of her parents' guilt(2)Puritan legalism: Another theme is the extreme legalism of the Puritans and how Hester chooses not to conform to their rules and beliefs Because they rejected Hester, she spent her life mostly in solitude, and wouldn't go to church. As a result, She still sees her sin, but begins to believe that a person's earthly sins don't necessarily condemn them. She even thinks that their sin has been paid for by their daily penance and that their sin won't keep them from getting to heaven, however, the Puritans believed that such a sin surely condemns.When Dimmesdale dies, she knows she has to move on because she can no longer conform to the Puritan's strictness.Her thinking is free from religious bounds and she has established her own, different moral standards and beliefs(3)Past and present: Sins of Hawthorne’s ancestors. The wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones.2.The symbolism in scarlet letter“A”-----adultery, able, angelPearl-----the unique pure person in the puritan communityChillingworth----a bad guyDimmesdale---someone who should be condemned for his evil and sinsLecture 3 Herman Melville 1819-18911. Themes in Moby-Dick:The world is Godless and purposelessThe loss of faith and the sense of futility and meaninglessnessAlienation between man and man, man and society, man and natureDeath-spiritual, emotional and physicalThis work also reveals the basic pattern of nineteenth century American life: loneliness and suicidal individualism in a self-styled democracy.2. Symbolism in Moby DickAhab（圣经中的异教徒国王，昏庸暴虐，在小说中过分自信，在船上如同一个独裁的暴君）and Ishmael （圣经中被抛弃的人，是一个流浪者，在小说里他也是一个被社会所抛弃的人）the voyage: the search for the ultimate truth of experienceMoby Dick: evil or goodness; corruption, purity, innocence, youth, the final mystery of the universePequod: the American soulLecture 4 Walt Whitman (The father of Free Verse) (1819-1892) 1. The definition of Free Verse:Free verse is a form of poetry that refrains from consistent meter patterns, rhyme,or any other musical pattern What is the difference between free verse and blank verse(blank verse has no rhyme, but it should be iambic pentameter)2. The theme of Leaves of GrassIn spite of the unconventionality of his poetic form and ideas, Whitman is related to the past in many ways. Whitman embraces idealism. Whitman extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man. Parallelism.3. The features of Leaves of GrassA. He extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man.B. employing “free verse” as the form of his poems with two characteristics: parallelism; phonetic recurrenceC. frankness of the commonplace and the ugly sides in human lifeD. direct, plain and even vulgar languageE. “untold latencies” (his poetry suggests rather than tell)F. great influence on the 20th century American poetsEmily Dickinson (1830-1886)4. The themes in Emily DickinsonFlowers and gardensThe Master , Jesus or Godillness, dying and death, immortalitythe mind and spiritA religious certainty, God’s help and good lifeNature, both kind and cruelIndividuality, free will, human responsibilitySympathy for the poor and the weakBeauty, truth and goodnessLecture5 Edgar Allan Poe (1819-1849)1. IntroductionThe father of detective fiction. He is the first professional writer.Poems:“The Raven”, “Annabel Lee”, “To Helen”Lecture 6 American realism (the late 19th century, esp. 1870s, 1880s)1. Features of American RealismA. reaction aga inst “the lie” of Romanticism (considering Romanticism made people escape from the social realities)B. theme: the world of experience of the commonplace and the familiar and the lowC. style: genteel, graceful prose by Howells and Henry James; plain and rough by Mark TwainD. vivid description of details from observation of actual lifeE. a reliance on the representative characterF. trying to hold an objective view of human nature and society2. Father of American realism:William Dean Howells (1837 – 1920)3. Features of Henry James’s workThe international theme:“the international theme”: the meeting of America and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence, and its moral and psychological complications.Special point of view: internal monologue (illumination of the situation and characters through one or several minds)Lecture 7 Local Colorism1. Mark Twain’s real nameSamuel Langhorne Clemens2. 4 classical novels:The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Man that Corrupted HadleyburgRoughing It3. Trilogy of MississippiLife on the mississippiThe Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn4. The features of Mark Twain’s languageAnglo-Saxon in origin, short, concrete and direct in effect;sentence structure is mostly simple or compound;repetition of words;ungrammatical elementsMark Twain made the colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literary medium in the literary history of America.Lecture 8 Ernest Hemingway1. 4 novels of Ernest Hemingway:The Sun Also RisesFor Whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaA Farewell to Arms2. The symbolism of The old man and the sea:Santiago – mankind;sea – nature and environment;marlin – purpose of life;shark – the evil force which control human’s fate3. The features in Ernest Hemingway:Hemingway situation: characterized by chaos and brutality and violence, by crime and death, by sports and sexHemingway theme: “grace under pressure”Lecture 9 American Naturalism1. Major feature of Naturalism godlessDeterminismThe universe is cold, indifferent, godless and hostile to human desires; life becomes a struggle for survivalThemes: social systems that destroy and dehumanize; individual experience of loss and failure3.differences between Realism and Naturalism4. The trilogy of fate:The FinancierThe TitanThe Stoic5. Masterpiece of Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie6. The real name of Jack London:John Ariffith London7. The masterpiece ofThe Gift of the MagiLecture 10 The southern renaissance1. 4 novels of William Faulkner:The Sound and the FuryLight in AugustAbsalom! Absalom!Go Down, MosesAs I lay Dyingthe Marble Faun2. The features of his novels:Theme: in praise of eternal virtues in human history, love, pity, honor and self-sacrifice (despair and destruction)multiple points of viewdislocation of timethe modern stream of consciousnesswords are often run together, with no capitalization and no proper punctuation interior monologuescolloquial and regional dialectsone fragment runs into another without proper noticeLecture 11 American Drama1. 4 novels of E ugene O’Neill:Beyond the HorizonLong Day’s Journey into NightThe Emperor JonesThe Hairy Ape2. Themes of The Hairy Ape:The industrial environment is presented as toxic and dehumanizing; the world of the rich, superficial and dehumanized. Yank has also been interpreted as representative of the human condition, alienated from nature by his isolated consciousness, unable to find belonging in any social group or environment.3. Major themes in A Streetcar Named Desire:Fantasy/IllusionBlanche dwells in illusion; fantasy is her primary means of self-defense.Fantasy has a liberating magic that protects her from the tragedies she has had to endure.Blanche's dependence on illusion is contrasted with Stanley's steadfast realism, and in the end it is Stanley and his worldview that win.To survive, Stella must also resort to a kind of illusion, forcing herself to believe that Blanche's accusations against Stanley are false so that she can continue living with her husband.4. Themes in Death of a Salesman:The American DreamAbandonmentBetrayalLecture 12 Postwar American Literature1. The definition of black humor:Black humor is a way to criticize the army, the bureaucracy and government. Humor—deep, strong, melancholy, self-mocking; to express the most helpless feeling by using seemingly light-hearted treatment;2. Features of the beat generation:free from all formalitiesanti-reasonbreaking down the limitations between poetry and proseThey shock their listeners by reading their works aloud in coffee houses and bars. They lived in a wild way, anti-traditional and rebellious.They cherished a rebellious attitude toward sex, living in groups and engaging themselves in homosexual activities.3. Definition of postmodernism:In general, the postmodern view is cool, ironic, and accepting of the fragmentation of contemporary existence. It tends to concentrate on surfaces rather than depths, to blur the distinctions between high and low culture, and as a whole to challenge a wide variety of traditional cultural values.4. Features of the confessional school:They wrote about themselves, cultivating the inner world of each private individual and challenging the traditional values.They describe personal experience and family problems.A ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage, one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc., and the urgent “I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you” impulse.5. Postwar novels;Saul Bellow : Henderson the Rain King, More Die of Heartbreak;. Salinger : The Catcher in the Rye;John Updike: Rabbit pentalogy,Flannery O'Connor.Joseph Heller: Catch-22Alice Walker 艾丽斯.沃克 :The Color Purple 《紫色》Martin Luther King :I Have a DreamAmy Tan :The Joy Luck Club (1989) 《欣幸俱乐部》。
美国文学选读复习资料全
American Puritanism 殖民地时期( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林作品：1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success.2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源3、参与起草《独立宣言》浪漫主义American RomanticismThe Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature.The social and cultural background of RomanticismThe young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country.The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands.The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in va lue of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a sourc e of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.二、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡---poet, short story writer and literary critic (48 poems,70 short stories)He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.”He was father of psychoanalytic criticism (心理分析批评), and the detective story. 诗歌的精髓就是追求美小说的主题常常是恐怖和死亡，其中还运用了象征手法。
美国文学史复习纲要
1. The Colonial PeriodThe settlement of America in the early 17th century--- the end of the 18th century.The major topicThe major figures2. The Romantic PeriodCovering the first half of the19th century.•The major points:3. The Age of RealismThe Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. Covering the end of the 19th century and the first decade of 20th century.•It expresses the concern for the commonplace and the low, and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.•4. American Naturalism•From the first decade of twentieth century to the First World War.•The major figures: Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, and O. Henry5 American ModernismThe literature between the two world wars. This is the most important period in6. American Postmodernism•From the World War II up to now.•Postmodernist writers: John Barth, Philip Roth, Thomas Pinchon, Ishmael Reed and Don Delillo.•The flourishing of minoritarian literature: Jewish-American, African-American and Asian-American literatureis an account of a person’s life written by that person or a book written by oneself about one’s own life. It is characterized by the simplicity of diction, syntax and expression, lucidity of the narrative. Benjamin Franklin…s Autobiography is a good example.Puritanism:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans, who became American‟s founding fathers. They advocated highly religious and moral principles.The American Puritans were idealists. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.Puritanism has a profound influence on the early American mind and literaturePoor Richard’s Almanac Autobiography Romanticism1800-1865Characteristics of Romanticism (derivative independent)o an innate and intuitive perception of man, nature and society—reliance on the subconscious, the inner life, the abnormal psychologyo an emphasis on freedom, individualism and imagination—rebellion against neoclassicism which stressed formality, order and authority o a profound love for nature—nature as a source of knowledge, nature asa refuge from the present, nature as a revelation of the holy spirito the quest for beauty—pure beautyo the use of antique and fanciful subject matters—sense of terror, Gothic, grotesque, odd and queerMoby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic. His ideas:The world is at once Godless and purposelessMan cannot influence and overcome nature at its sourceThemes 1 alienation 2 Rejection and Quest3criticism against Emersonian self-reliant individualSymbolThe Pequod -------- of human society. The voyage ----- search and discovery. The whale Moby Dick------nature Queequeg's coffin ---- symbolizes life and death. The whiteness of Moby Dick --- death and corruption and purity, innocence and youth; final mystery of the universe.The ship on the ocean----- symbol of the whole world with people in quest of its瓦尔登湖A psalm of lifeSonnet—To science abab cdcd efef ggTo Helen ABABB CDCDC AEEAE五行诗节1. Free from the traditional iambic pentameter and writes free verse2. Parallelism3. Phonetic recurrence systematic repetition of words and phrases or sounds4. Long catalogs, giving free rein to poetic imaginationHer poetry is a clear illustration of her religious-ethical and political-social ideas.largest portion of Dickinson‟s poetry concerns andoriginal in art and famous for the economy of expression in diction and the frequent use of dashes.Her poems are short and implicit in meaning. She is regarded as the forerunner of modernism in American poetryThemes: death love natureFrequent use of dashesTranscendentalism.浪漫主义运动的表现形式-超验主义it‟s Romanticism on the Puritan soil Transcendentalism has been defined as the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, or of knowing truth intuitively, or of reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor.placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over soul as the most important thing in the universe stressed the importance of the individualoffered a fresh perception of nature a symbolic of the Spirit or Godstressed the power of intuition.He firmly believes in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”.2. Emerson’s Idealism. He sees the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes theneed for idealism, for idealism sees the world in God3. Emerson’s View on Spirit. He sees spirit pervading everywhere4.Emerson’sView on Man. man is made in the image of God and is just a little less then Him.man is divine.5. Emerson’s View on Individuality and Self-Reliance. The individual is the mostimportant of all. E For him, if man depends upon himself, cultivates himself and brings out the divine in himself, he can hope to become better and even perfect.So men should and could be self-reliant.6. Emerson’s Nature. A natural implication of Emerson‟s view on nature is that the world around is symbolicRealismHis later works become darker and more obscure, showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social reality. His last works shows his acute pessimism, despair, skepticism determinism.Humor local color satireThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Gilded Age Life on the Mississippi A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug The Mysterious StrangerThe Innocents Abroad Roughing It Pudd'nhead WilsonAmerican ClaimantNaturalismIs a critical term applied to the method of literary composition that aims at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man•It is thus more inclusive and less selective than realism, and holds to the philosophy of determinism.•It conceives of man as controlled by his instincts or his passions, or by its social and economic environment and circumstances.•Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make moral judgments•Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make moral judgments.•In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author‟s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.CharacteristicsA literary trend that prevailed in 1890s in America.1) Emphasis on reality, objectivity, no exaggeration, give no comments andcriticizing;2) The naturalists would go to the slums and describe the poverty and crime;3) Be concerned about the influence of social environment. According to them,human beings are victims of the crushing forces of heredity and environment.Explain human activities and human society according to biological law, highlight the effect of animal instincts and heredity on human beings.5) Apply scientific experiment to writing, try to test human feelings in variouskinds of environment.6) The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile.7) Hold very pessimistic attitude towards human society, and this pessimism oftengoes to determinism.Representatives: CharacteristicFrank Norris（弗兰克·诺里斯）dehumanizedStephen Crane（斯蒂芬·克莱恩）- determinedTheodore Dreiser（西奥多·德莱塞）- moved by inner and outer forcesJack London（杰克·伦敦beyond conscious moral control McTeague Octopus the Pit Vandover and the BruteMaggie: A Girl of the Streets The red badge of courage Sister Carrie Modernism现代主义时期•During the first decades of the 20th century, modernism became an international tendency against positivism and representational art in art and literature. Modernism was the consequence of the transformation of society brought about by industrialism and technology. The essence of modernism wasa break with the past, and it also fostered a belief in art and literature as anavenue to self-fulfillment. The feature was its strong and conscious break with traditional forms, perceptions, and techniques of expressions, and its great concern with language and all aspects of its medium.•It was persistently experimental. Stream of consciousness, the use of myth as a structural principle, and the primary status given to the poetic image, all challenged traditional representation.•Generally speaking, this new desire in craftsmanship and skill was one of the hallmarks of the early decades of the 20th century.Imagism意象派（诞生于现代主义时期）It is a Movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. It was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell.（no fuss, frill, or ornament）,（precision and economy of expression）,（free verse form and music）.Launch Imagism setting down the Imagist principlesThe Cantos 《诗章》威廉·卡洛·威廉斯avoided complexity andobscure华莱士·斯蒂文斯Simple lines: an emphasis on vocabulary and imagery rather than prosodyThe faith in poetry : when no one believes in God, it is necessary to believe in something else, such as poetry, a thing created by imaginationAnecdote of the Jar罗伯特The most popular 20th Century American Poet, A four-timeStyl e 1rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosingthe old-fashioned way to be new.• 2 employ the plain speech of rural New Englanders.3 use the simple, short, traditional forms of lyrics and Narrative, can probemysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where man stand alone, unaided and perplexed.Fire and ice Fire - a symbol of desire, or love. Ice - a symbol of hatredtwo weaknesses of human beings that are as destructive as natural disasters The road not taken it does not moralize about choice, it simply says that choice is inevitable but you never know what your choice will mean until you have lived itStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poem is primarily oriented towards the pleasures of the scene and the responsibility of life. Metaphors:• Promises –Our own promises or duties that we must fulfill.Miles - experience we must travel through before deathThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black boughthe Great Gatsby 1926The Sun Also Rises 1926, A Farewell to Arms , 1929,the Wasteland.Main Street 1920an American TragedyAmerican Dream:The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is not a dream of martial wealth, but a dream of social order. People try to get success no matter what kind of circumstances of birth or position they came from.The lost generationIt refers to the writers who were devoid of faith, values and ideals and who were alienated from the civilization the capitalist society advocated. It includes Ernst Hemingway, F. S.Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, Louis Bromfield., and E.E.Cummings, Ezra Pound，who rebelled against former values and ideas, but replaced them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. They were frustrated by the WWI and returned from that “Great War”to their own country only to find the grim reality that the social values and civilization were hollow.Short storyIt is a fictional prose tale of no specified length, but too short to be published as a volume on its own. It concentrates on a single event with one or two characters. It flourished in the magazines of the 19th and early 20th centuries, especially in the USA, which has a particularly strong tradition. Edgar Allen Poe was considered as the father of modern short story. His short stories like the cast of Amontillado and the Black cat are famous.Jazz Age⏹American industry developed fast. The nation is full of bouncingebullience, fearful of nothing, confident smug isolationism.⏹Socially, decline of idealism. Patriotism became cynical disillusionment.Unity of family weakened. There appeared the revolt of the Younger Generation. They escaped responsibility and assumed immorality.⏹After WWI, people found that the war which cost millions of lives failedto provide an abiding solutions to the world’s problems, that the war was just the traps of political leaders. Such a disillusionment about the value of war, accompanied by the booming of American economy drove people to cynical hedonism. People experiment with new amusements. They restlessly pursued stimulus and pleasures, wallow in heavy drinking, fast driving and casual sex. By these, they hoped to seek relief from serious problems.Hemingway heroThey live adventures-filled lives that were driven by courage and limited by fear. They hide a sensitive heart from tough exterior.” Grace under press” is their motto. Its heroes are hemmed in by forces beyond their control.AntiheroIt is a central character in a dramatic or narrative work who lacks the qualities ofnobility and magnanimity expected of traditional heroes in romances and epic.Like the character “Henry” in the work of a farewell to arms.SymbolTraditional FormsBallad(民谣)A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. “The Geste of Robin HoodHeroic CoupletIt refers to a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style. Sonnet 18Spenserian stanza•It is a stanza with eight lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding Alexandrine with the rhyme pattern abab bcbc c. The Faerie QueeneBlank verse素体诗，无韵诗•Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.•It became widely used in dramatic poetry and narratives.Now that/ the gloo/my sha/dow of /the night,Longing/ to view/ Orion/’s drizz/ling look,Leaps from/ the an/tarc/tic world/ unto/ the skyAnd dims/ the wel/kin with/ her pi/tchy breath ----Doctor FaustusFree verseMeans the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conventional rules of meter. It can free the poets from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and recreate instead the free rhythms of natural speech.Beat GenerationTheatre of absurd. the 1950sBlack humor.the 1960s。
美国文学史及选读第一册复习摘要
美文学摘要Puritanism(清教,清教徒主义): doctrines (dɔktrin n. 教条, 教义, 学说), values, features of Am. Puritans, influence on Am. Literature,Features of colonial poetsThe 1st Am. Writer：Captain John SmithKey Points of Enlightenment movement●Originated in Europe in the 17th century●Basic principles: Stressing education; Stressing Reason; Concerns for civil rights●Significance: Accelerating加速social progress; freeing people from the limitations set by prevailing(1．占优势的;主要的2．流行的;普遍的 )Puritanism; Making spiritual preparation for American Revolution Influence on literature:In form: imitating English classical writersIn content: utilitarian ([ju:ˌtɪlɪˌteəri:ən] adj. 1．有效用的;实用的 2．功利(主义)的 n. 功利主义者;实用主义者) tendency (for political or educational purpose)What lessons can we d raw from the poem “the wild honeysuckle”（野金银花）?The wild can also be beautiful. Everyone should take an active attitude toward life. Never avoid challenges for fear of losing something. One can’t achieve anything under the shelter（shelter －简明英汉词典D.J.[ˌʃeltə]n. 1．遮蔽; 保护 2．避难所; 庇护所vt. 掩蔽; 庇护, 保护vi. 躲避, 避难）and protection.Features of American Romanticisma. Imitative: Some of the American Romantic writings were modeled on English and European works. The Romantic Movement proved to be a decisive influence. Without it, the rise of Romanticism would have been impossible. Romanticism writers such as Scott, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Byron all made a stimulating impact on American literature.b. Independent: From the very beginning, American Romanticism exhibited（陈列，展览；显示，显出；展览品，陈列品，在法庭提出的证物）distinct（截然不同的，完全分开的；清晰的，明白的，明显的）features of its own. It originated from（来自，源于…）a mixture of factors which were altogether American rather than anything else. American Romanticism was in essence（本质上，大体上，事实）the expression of a real new experience and contained “an alien（外国的，外国人的，陌生的，性质不同的）quality”. E.g., the American national experience of pioneering（开发，创始）into the west is a rich fund of material for American writers. It is these Romanticism writers that created an indigenous（土生土长的，生来的，固有的）American literature.c. Puritan influence over American Romanticism was clearly noticeable. E.g., the author tended more to moralize（vi论道德，说教）than writers in England.American Transcendentalism（超验主义，先验论；顿悟）Background:In 1836 a little book Nature came out. It was written by Emerson. It was considered “the Manifesto （ˌmænəˌfestəʊ宣言）of Transcendentalism（ˌtrænsenˌdentl超验主义）”.It started with Emerson’s Nature and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass (1855) The Transcendentalists set up a club called “Transcendentalist（trænsen'dentlist] adj. 先验论者的,超越论者的)Club”. They expressed their views published their journal Dial. The center place is New England and Concord( concord －简明英汉词典D.J.[ˌkɔnˌkɔ:d, ˌkɔŋ-]n. 和谐, 一致, 和睦).Major features1) Emphasis on spirit or the Oversoul as the most important thing in the universe2) The individual as the most important element of society3) Nature as symbolic of the Spirit or GodLimitations:1) The shallow (shallow [ˌʃæləu] adj. 1．浅的2．肤浅的) optimism(n. 乐观, 乐观主义) made itimpossible for them to understand human suffering.2) They cut themselves from life and were trapped by empty talk. They stressed too much on human intuition (in tuition [ˌɪntjuˌiʃən] n.1.直觉2.凭直觉感知的知识).3) They failed to provide solution to problem they found.课后部分习题1. Early in the 17th century, the England settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians, and3. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.4. There was little of the religious ferment（骚乱，动荡）and zeal（热心，热忱，热情）that inspired such a tide of literature to flow Puritan New England.5. The Puritans had come to New England for the sake of religious freedom, while Virginia had been planted mainly as a commercial venture.6.Hard work，thrift（节约，节俭），piety（虔诚，虔敬）and sobriety（清醒，未醉，严肃，节制）were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing, including the sermons（布道，说教）,books , and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather.True or false: The first American literature was neither American nor really literature.（T）It was not American because it was the work mainly of immigrants from England. It was not literature as we know it---in the form of poetry, essays, or fiction---but rather an interesting mixture of travel accounts and religious writings. The earliest colonial travel accounts are records of the perils（极大危险；危险的事或环境）and frustrations that challenged the courage of America’s first settlers. (P2)1. What are the influences of American Puritanism on American Literature?①Basis of American literaturedreamed of living under a perfect order；worked with courage；hoped to build an Eden of Garden on earth；faced the worst of life with optimism--went into the making of American literatureAll literature is based on a myth--Garden of Eden②Contributing to the development of Symbolism（象征主义）: a technique, widely used。
美国文学选读复习PPT课件
1)Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·华尔 多·艾默生
• 《Self-reliance 论自立》选自《Essays论文集》 • “不论在何处，社会总是阴谋反对每一个社会成员的阳刚之气，...要想做一
个男子汉，首先就要做一个拒绝随波逐流的人。” • 惧怕舆论和强迫自己始终如一就只会使自己的创造力和独创精神丧失殆尽。
5)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹 沃斯·朗费罗--Romanticism
I shot an arrow 我射出一支箭&A psalm of life人生颂 • 主题：Life is not a dream,seize the day but hold on your patience--
超验主义哲学Transcendentalism；人文主义Humanism 作品： • ①论自然Nature • ②论美国学者 The American scholar • ③神学院致辞 The Divinity school address • ④论文集Essays：Frist Series&.....Second • ⑤人类代表 Representative men • ⑥英国特征 Enct of life • ⑧诗集Poems • ⑨五月节 May-Day and other pieces
2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑
红字：The severity of the Puritanic code of law • A--Adultery→angle able • 为什么女主把胸前的A绣得那么精美？ 1、love for A 2、She knows that she was guilty,it means sin. • 人物： 女主：Hester Prynne 丈夫：Arthur Chillingworth 情人：Rodger Dimmesdale 女儿：Pearl • “The kingdom of heaven is like merchants in search of fine pearls;on fingding
美国文学阅读复习内容
美国⽂学阅读复习内容⼀．题型I.Multiple ChoiceII.IdentificationIII.Short-answer QuestionsIV.Appreciation⼆．复习内容I.Multiple Choice1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment. ______was the dominant spirit.A.HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. Evolution2.Which statement about B. Franklin is not true?A.He instucted his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He is a puritanD. He was a master of Diplomacy3.The Autobiography of B. Franklin is an important document of _____.A. American RealismB. American RomanticismC. American PuritanismD. American Naturalism4.Which of the following characters is an ambitionless and idle man who longs to escape from his wife's nagging?A. SoapyB. Rip Van WinkleC. Roger ChillingworthD. Jim Smiley5.From “Rip Van Winkle” it can be inferred that _____. A．Washington Irving?s taste is very modern.B . Washington Irving shows great in the American Revolution.C. Washington Irving prefers the past to the present.D. Washington Irving wrote the story in a realistic way.6.Washington Irving?s social conservation and literary preference for the past is revealed, to some extent, in his famous story, ______.A.“The Legend of Sleepy Hallow”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C. “The Custom House”D.“The Birthmark”7.“Rip Van Winkle” is a short story written by ___A. James Fenimore CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Mark Twain8.The Romantic Period in American Literary history started withthe publication of ____.A．Washington Irving?s The Sketch BookB．Washington Irving?s Tales of A TravelerC．Whitmam?s Leaves of GrassD．James F. Cooper?s Leather Stocking Tales9._______ was regarded as “Father of the American short stories”.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10.Emersonian Transcendentalism is, in fact, a philosophical school which aborbed some ideological concerns of _______ and European Romanticism.A. American PuritanismB. NeoclassicismC. American RomanticismD. social criticism11.The transcendentalists believed in the following except _____.A. living close to natureB. moral impact on manC. the essential holiness of manD. self-reliance and self-trust12.Emerson's _____ was called the "Intellectual Declaration ofIndependence."A. Self - RelianceB. The Over-SoulC. The American ScholarD. Nature13.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is ________.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Washington IrvingD. Henry David Thoreau14._______ is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. On BeautyC. WaldenD. Self-Reliance15.Which of the following is not written by R.W. Emerson?A. American TragedyB. NatureC. The American ScholarD. Self-Reliance16.Edgar Allan Poe is known as a poet and critic but most famousas the first master of the form of ______.A. poemB. dramaC. short storyD. essay17.Which of the following is written in memory of Allen Poe?s dead wife?A. To HelenB. Annabel LeeC. The RavenD. The Bells18.Edgar Allan Poe can be described as the following except _____.A. a playwrightB. a criticC. a short story writerD. a poet19.The writer who is famous for his detective stories is _______.A. Washington IrvingB. O. HenryB. Edgar Allan Poe D. Nathaniel Hawthorne20.The most modern and bizarre poet the 19th century America ever produced who was also famous for his detective stories is _____.A. Washington IrvingB. O. HenryC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman21.The poet who is a Romanticist with his high-mindedness, gentleness, and didacticism is ______.A.Nathaniel HawthorneB. H. W. LongfellowC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman22.“A Psalm of Life” is a _______ poem.A. narrativeB. dramaticC. lyricD. didactic23.In what century is the story of Hester Prynne set?(A) The 16th century (B) The 17th century(C) The 18th century (D) The 19th century24.________________ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed and tormented one, which has much to do with his black vision of life and human beings.A. Herman Melville?sB. Washington Irving?sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne?sD. Walt Whitman?s25.As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne?s art is concerned, which of the following statements is true?A.In his The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne intends to tell a love story and astory of sin.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a Puritan himself.C.Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.D.According to Hawthorne, man is divine in nature and therefore perfectible.26.What does Hester?s letter “A” eventually come t o represent to the townspeople?A. “Able”B. “Alone”C. “Avaricious”D. “Absolutely Admirable”27._____ was the poet of the common people and the prophet and singer of democracy.A. FrostB. LongfellowC. PoundD. Whitman28.Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in the style of _______.A. blank verseB. alliterationC. free verseD. irony29.Which of the following is written in memory of President Lincoln?A.Song of MyselfB.I Hear America SingingC.O Captain! My Captain!D.Leaves of Grass30.In_____________, Whitman airs his sorrow at President Lincoln?s death.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A PactC. O Captain! My Captain!D. There was a Child Went Forth31.The shy, reclusive poet, _____, has come to be regarded as one of America's great lyric poets.A. H.W. LongfellowB. Emily DickinsonC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman32.Which of the following died almost completely unknown to the American public?A. DickinsonB. WhitmanC. LongfellowD. Poe33.Which of the following is not true as far as Emily Dickinson?s poetry is concerned?A.She often uses dashes.B.Most of her poems are about death and immortality.C.Her poems are very personal and meditative.D.Her poems usually have well-chosen titles.34.Mark Twain's novels are mostly about _____ subject matter.A. internationalB. adventureC. travelogueD. love35.________ is called by Hemingway the one from which all modern American literature comes.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinB.The Adventures of Tom SawyerC.The Gilded AgeD.Life on the Mississippi36.Huckleberry Finn is in ______ language.A. vernacularB. BritishC. AmericanD. black37.Mark Twain, the humourist, wrote the following except ______.A.The Adventures of Tom SawyerB.The Prince and the PauperC.The Happy PrinceD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn38.Mark Twain is all of the following but _____.A. a local coloristB. a social satiristC . a realist D. a romanticist39.Soapy is a fictional character from _____.A.The Gift of MagiB.The Last LeafC.The Cop and the AnthemD.An unfinished Story40.________ was the leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement, whosefamous one-image poem “In a Station of the Metro” would serve as a typical example of the imagist ideas.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Wallace Stevens41.______ was a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Walt Whitman42.Robert Frost?s _______ is an easy poem recording the poet?s meditation ona snowy evening and emphasizing one?s responsibility to be fufilled in lifeagainst a temptation of momentary retreat.A. “Mending the Wall”B. “The Road Not Taken??C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening?D. “Departmental”43.________ stems from the ambiguity of the speaker?s choice between safetyand the unknown.A. “Mending the Wall”B. “Home Burial”C. “The Roa d Not Taken”D. “Stopping by Woods on a SnowyEvening?44.In Frost?s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from_________________.A. the simple country lifeB. the urban lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adventures and trips45.Which of the following poets is the poet of New England country and farm life?A. Walt WhitmanB. Anne BradstreetC. H.W. LongfellowD. Robert Frost46._____ is often acclaimed as literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Ernest HemingwayB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. William FaulknerD. Ezra Pound47.F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observed by______ to his great advantage.A.more than one witnessB. a “central consciousness”C.his double visionD.the protagonist48.In “A Rose for Emily”, Faulkner makes best use of the ______ device in narration.A. RomanticB. GothicC. RealisticD. Modernist49.Faulkner once said that __________ is a story of “lost innocence”, which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Sound and FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom!50.Apart from dislocation of time and the modern stream of consciousness, theother narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ______, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. expressionismB. impressionismC. first person point of viewD. multiple points of view51. Most of Faulkner?s works are set in ______.A. EnglandB. ParisC. the American SouthD. the American North52. Faulkner wrote all of the following except_______.A.For Whom the Bell TollsB.The Sound and FuryC.Light in AugustD.As I Lay Dying53. Which of the following stories is set in a café in Spain?A. Farewell to ArmsB.The Old Man and the SeaC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. A Clean, Well-lighted Place54. The Hemingway style is all but ______.A. laconicB. leanC. optimisticD. economical55. Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with thebankruptcy of the _______________.A. American bourgeoisieB. ruling classesC. American CapitalistsD. American DreamII.Identification1. "Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art, to dust returnest,Was not spoken of the soul."The above is from “___________________”, written by__________.2. "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of itsmembers …… The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion.”The above is from " ________________", written by _____________.3. Leaves of Grass is a ____________________ by _________________.4. "Lo! In yon brilliant window nicheHow statuelike I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!"The above is from "___________", written by ___________________.5. “My little Pearl,” said Hester, after a moment?s silence, “the green letter, and on thy childish bosom, has no purport. But does you know, my child, what this letter means which thy mother is doomed to wear?”The above is from "______________", written by ________________.6. The Scarlet Letter is a _________________ by _________________.7. "If left to himself, he would have whistled life away in perfect contentment; but his wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness and the ruin he was bringing on his family."The above is from " ______________", written by ____________.8."There is time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide…. Trust thyself: every heart vib rates to that iron string."The above is quoted from " _____________". Its author is __________.9. "Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead."The above is from "_________________________", written by _______________________.10. Success is Counted Sweetest is a _______ by __________________.11. The Great Gatsby is a ____________ by _____________________.12. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a _________by ________.13. “When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the man through a sort of affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--- a combined gardener and cook --- had seen in at least ten years.”The above is from " ______________, written by ________________.14. “We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess --- in the Ring ---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain ---We passed the Setting Sun ---”The above is from " _______________", written by _____________.15. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd,Petals on a wet, black dough.”The above is from " ______________", written by _____________.16. .“Last week he tried to commit suicide,” one waiter said“Why?”“ He was in despair.”“What about?”“Nothing.”“How do you know it was nothing?”“He has plenty of money.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.17. “ Th e woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep,”The above is from " ________________", written by ___________.18. The Cop and the Anthem is a ______________ by _______________.19. The Sun Also Rises is a __________ by _______________________.20. “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd look down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth…”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.21.“ I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby?s house,making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the green doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.22."As he defeated --- dying --On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!"The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.23.“What did he fear, it was not f ear or dread. It was nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.24. “There where it is we do not need the wall:He is all pine and I am apple orchard.My apple trees will never get acrossAnd eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.He only says, …Good fences make good neighbors.?…”The above is from " _________________", written by _______________________. III.Short-answer Questions1. Irving?s theme of conservatism as is revealed in "Rip Van Winkle"2. Discuss the symbol of letter A in The Scarlet Letter.3. Discuss the Characterization of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter.4.What are the thematic concerns and artistic characteristics of Emily Dickinson's poetry?5. Discuss the theme of Frost?s “The Road Not Taken”6. Feature of the main character in Faulkner?s “A Rose for Emily”.7. Discuss the relationship between the town?s people and Emily in “A Rose for Emily”.8. Discuss the contrast between the younger waiter and the older waiter in “A Clean Well-Lighted Place”9. Of the three characters, who is the main character in “A Clean Well-Lighted Place”?What?s the theme of the story?IV.AppreciationI. Emily Dickinson's poem “Because I Couldn?t Stop for Death”(要求了解1: 作者篇名2. 课堂讨论的重点段落笔记内容3. 作者的写作特⾊在该选⽂中的体现等)II. “A Rose for Emily”: (要求了解1: 谁是叙述者2: EMIL Y的家庭背景,其房⼦反映了她什么样的性格及其形象的象征3:通过刻画这⼀⼈物,表达了福克纳什么样的观点4. 福克纳的叙事⼿法在选⽂中的体现--- 主要看课内⽂章介绍以及Feature of the main character in Faulkner?s“A Rose for Emily”和Discuss the relat ionship between the town?s people and Emily in “A Rose for Emily”)III. In a Station of the Metro : (要求了解1:本诗创作过程所反映的诗⼈的创作主张或核⼼2. 该诗主题和韵律, ⽤得好的字眼及其含义(主要看书后注释)IV. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening: (要求了解1:押韵韵脚、修辞、主题、(主要看书后注释以及选择题中相关内容) ) V. The Great Gatsby最后⼀段选⽂，看笔记，记作者篇名注：下⾯参考答案也应该看看，对回答有些帮助。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1 2017年英语双学位 《美国文学史及选读》期末考试题型及复习要点 期末考试题型及分值： 1．作家、作品配对题（10*1分 = 10分） 2．作品选读题（填空题、简答题5*5分 = 25分） 3. 文学术语、文学人物解释题（4*5分 = 20分） 4. 论述题（3*15分 = 45分）
认真阅读教材的中文版的《序言》 熟悉教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文
Benjamin Franklin: • Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer. • Remember him as ‘father of the United States’. • Writing features The Autobiography: It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely. • 本杰明·富兰克林： • 本杰明·富兰克林是发明家、政治家和作家。 • 他是“美国之父”。 • 写作特点 自传：这是清教徒的简单、直接和简洁的方式。叙事清晰，结构简单，意象朴实。 Edgar Allan Poe Remember Poe as father of modern short story and father of detective story. Remember his important works. Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition. Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such as The Raven, Annabel Lee, To Helen. • Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado in your own words. What is the theme of this short story? Be familiar with his poem To Helen. 埃德加爱伦坡 Poe是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。 他的重要著作。 他的批评作品：诗歌原则和写作哲学。 能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌，如《乌鸦》、《Annabel Lee》、《海伦》等。 •讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。 这个短篇小说的主题是什么？ 对海伦熟悉他的诗。 Ralph Waldo Emerson Know something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalism refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. Major concepts 2
1) Power of intuition. 2) Spirit first, matter second. 3) Nature as symbolic of spirit or God. 4) Individual as the most important element in society/ self-reliant 5) Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “oversoul” 6) Commerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world The “over-soul” as called by Emerson was an all-pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God as the most important thing in the universe. Emerson’s Nature is called ‘manifesto of transcendentalism’. The American Scholar (1837) is regarded as “America’s Second Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) Independence” Be familiar with the essay ‘Self-reliance’. 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生 ¡知道一些关于超验主义。记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖：超验主义指的是一种态度，相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别，或实现知识超越感官。主要概念 ¡1）直觉的力量。 2）¡精神第一，物质二。 ¡3）自然象征精神或上帝。 ¡4）个体在社会/自立的最重要的元素 ¡5）宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵” 6）商务¡降级/较少关注物质世界 ¡“结束”艾默生称作是一种无孔不入的整体精神力量的善良的灵魂，无所不在，无所不能，这一切来的都是一部分。一般来说，过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中最重要的东西。 ¡爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言。 ¡美国学者（1837）被誉为“美国的第二次申报知识/独立宣言（文化）独立” ¡熟悉文章“自力更生”。 Henry David Thoreau Remember Thoreau’ masterpiece. Tell the main contents of Walden in your own words. 亨利戴维梭罗 记得梭罗的杰作。 告诉瓦尔登湖的主要内容用自己的话。 Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words. The influence of Puritanism on The Scarlet Letter. Analyze the main characters. Tell the symbolic meanings of the letter ‘A’. List Hawthorne’s major works. 纳撒尼尔霍桑 介绍红字用你自己的话。 3
清教对红字的影响。 分析主要人物。 告诉字母A的象征意义”。 霍桑主要作品列表。 Herman Melville Be able to list Melville’s major works. Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words. Be able to analyze the character Captain Ahab. Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Moby Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of an unknowable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequeg's coffin alternately symbolizes life and death. The influence of Puritanism on Moby Dick. 赫尔曼梅尔维尔 可以列出Melville的主要作品。 能用自己的话复述Moby Dick的故事。 能够分析人物Ahab船长。 能够告诉Moby Dick的象征意义，船」和棺材：白鲸可以解读为一个不可知的上帝或大自然的神秘力量的一种象征；」是厄运和死亡的象征；Queequeg的灵柩交替象征着生命和死亡。 清教思想对Moby Dick的影响。 Walt Whitman • Remember Whitman’s most important work. • What is free verse? A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme—if any. Instead of regular metrical pattern it uses more flexible cadences or rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported by anaphora and other devices of repetition. Now the most widely practiced verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Walt Whitman. • Be familiar with the poem O Captain, My Captain and know its main idea. • 沃尔特怀特曼 • •记住怀特曼最重要的工作。 • 自由诗是什么？一种不符合任何格律的诗：它的线条长度不规则，如用韵。而不是常规的格律采用更灵活的节奏或韵律的分组，以照应和重复其他设备有时支持。现在是英语中使用最广的诗歌形式，它在圣经圣歌和布莱克和歌德的一些诗歌中有先例，但只有在第十九世纪末和第二十世纪，沃尔特·惠特曼才建立起自己。 • 熟悉船长的诗，我的船长，知道它的主要思想。 Emily Dickinson ❖ Be familiar with her three poems in the textbook and their themes. ❖ Know something about Dickinson’s poetic features: A. Her poems have no titles, hence the first line of each poem is always quoted as the title of each poem. ❖ B: particular stress pattern: dash“— ” ❖ C: Capital letters as a means of emphasis;