【参考文档】雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析(7)-实用word文档 (1页)
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译整理了雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译，一起来学习一下吧。
下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译01. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
02. (This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was mightgive away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture ofa flower .(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
03. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control thecomings and goings of these divergent impulses and from hisunwillingness tocultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
雅思阅读长难句结构分析
雅思阅读长难句结构分析雅思阅读有大量结构复杂、难以理解和把握的长难句。
这些长难句对理解文章或做题非常重要，经常会有一些考点隐藏在其中。
今天，就来分享一下雅思阅读长难句结构分析，希望对大家雅思备考有帮助。
雅思的雅思阅读长难句结构有以下几种：一、简单句对于难度较大的简单句，阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，将长句变成短句，将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。
例：At various points in evolutionary(有事业心的，有胆量的)history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched(炎热的，干旱的) deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular(细胞的) fluids. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 3)分析：这句话的结构很简单，就是主谓宾：主语是individuals，谓语是moved out，宾语是the land, the most parched deserts。
但是由于添加了一些状语，一些修饰语——例如within介词短语修饰individuals，taking短语做伴随状语，使整个句子看起来结构复杂。
二、并列句如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。
并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的并列连词有and, or 和but。
最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。
例：An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy(星系), but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated (衰减的)while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy.(剑9 Test 1 Passage 2)分析：这个复合句可以从but处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子：but前面是一个简单句;but 后面的句子有一个由while引导的时间状语从句。
剑桥雅思7阅读解析test
Q u e s t i o n 1 答案：YES关键词：1400 years定位原文: 第1段第2句：“Records show that only two have collapsed during the last 1400 years.”有记录显示，在过去1400年间，只有两座倒塌了。
解题思路: 使用1400 years定位到第一段第二句，该句明确表明1400年间只有两座日本宝塔倒塌Question 2答案：NO关键词：1995, Toji temple定位原文: 第1段最后1句：“Yet it led the magnificent five-storey pagoda ...”尽管大地震将京部附近东寺周围的大量建筑夷为平地，可寺里宏伟的五层宝塔却完好无损。
解题思路: 本题的考点在于要将原文中的leave...unscathed同题干中的destroy对立起来。
unscathed指“没有负伤的，未受损伤的”，这样就与题干中的destroy(毁坏)相抵触。
Question 3答案： NOT GIVEN关键词：30 years定位原文: 第2段第2句：“It was only thirty years ago that…”仅仅在 30 年前，建筑界的从业者们才有足够信心建造髙于十二层的钢筋混凝土办公大楼。
解题思路: 这句话与此题的唯一联系就是这个thirty years，抛开这一点，两者简直是牛头不对马嘴。
即使读完全段，也未见题干中所表达的意思，而且the other buildings near the Toji pagoda的勉强对等成分也出现在第一段a number of buildings in the neighbourhood。
一道题目的主要成分零散在文中数段，这就是典型的形散神必散型的NOT GIVEN。
Question 4答案： YES关键词: builders, weather定位原文: 第3段倒数第2句：“Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew ...”显而易见，当时的日本木匠懂得一些窍门让建筑物可以顺风摇摆，不与自然力量对抗，而是顺应自然，从而稳稳矗立。
雅思考试阅读长难句解析
雅思考试阅读长难句解析雅思考试精选阅读长难句解析导语：在做英语阅读的过程中，难免出现一些长句难句，下面是YJBYS店铺整理的雅思考试精选阅读长难句解析，欢迎参考!31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。
32. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.水文循环(hydrologic cycle)，作为该学科中的一个主要课题，指的是水所经过的诸现象的整个循环过程，开始时是作为大气中的水蒸气，转而作为雨、雪、露、雹一类的降水量经过液体和固体形态，由此而沿着地层表面分布或进入地层表面，最终通过蒸发和散发作用再度回复到大气水蒸气的形态。
【最新文档】雅思阅读经典难句分析：定语从句(1)-优秀word范文 (1页)
【最新文档】雅思阅读经典难句分析：定语从句(1)-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读经典难句分析：定语从句(1)1. Libraries made education possible , and education in its turn added to libraries ; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound - interest law , which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing .要点：从内容上分析， which 修饰 the growth of knowledge图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。
知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。
由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities ,and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere , then administrative overhead will be low .如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责，并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么管理费用就会降低。
3. There are probably no question we can think up that cant be answered , sooner or later , including even that matter of consciousness .迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题，甚至包括我们意识的问题。
如何分析雅思阅读中遇到的长难句
文都国际教育官方网站：/如何分析雅思阅读中遇到的长难句长难句是阻挡考生们雅思阅读拿下高分的一大关键，由于长难句句子较长，大家不容易分析语法以及句子结构，那么雅思阅读怎么提高呢?其中一个重点就是对长难句下手，下面文都国际教育就为大家介绍这一雅思阅读方法。
雅思阅读怎么提高?我们来看一个关于长难句的例子，希望对大家总结雅思阅读方法有帮助。
英文中的基本句型是由主语、谓语和宾语构成的，也就是所谓的“核心意群”core meaning，突破长难句最有效的方法就是“拎出主谓宾，之后定状补”。
我们来看一个长难句：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raisedin an environment where there are many stimuliwhichdevelop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectualdevelopment。
这个句子看起来非常复杂，但不难辨认出整个句子的主语是Behaviorists (行为学者)，谓语是紧跟在后面的动词suggest，宾语是一个较长的宾语从句。
在这个宾语从句中，不难发现主语就是the child，接着出现了三个代词———who. where 和which，这些是非常明显的定语从句的关系代词，所以这里可以判断出连着出现了三个定语从句，一个套着一个，修饰了三个名词成分。
而在这三个定语从句后面出现的唯一一个动词无疑就是整个宾语从句的谓语了，也就是willexperience，当然后面接的development也就是宾语从句中的宾语了。
到这里，这个较长的由三个定语从句构成的宾语从句的意思已基本分析出来。
文章来源于文都国际教育：文都国际教育官方网站：/。
雅思阅读长难句
英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表..主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”;例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾;只不过多了一些修饰的词;句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”..主系表是“谁-是-什么”;同主谓宾一样..在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子;不用每句话的意思都懂;但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思;即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体..并列平行结构在一个较长的句子中;并列平行的部分可能是几个独立的句子;也可能是几个并列的短语成分或者从句..如果并列平行的部分是几个独立的句子;也叫“并列句“..所以说;“并列平行结构”是一个更广泛的概念..本篇主要讲解并列平行的部分是几个并列的短语成分或者从句的这种情况..中文：进一步展望未来;通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合.人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界..英文：Further ahead; by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide; the construction of a vast; man-created world in space; home to thousands or millions of people; will be within our power.结构分析：Combination of中的of有两个宾语:一是the great wealth;受定语从句this new age will bring的修饰;另一个是the technology;受定语从句it will provide的修饰:主句中的home to thousands or millions of people为world的同位语..中文：但是随着人们重新关注杀虫剂对农产品的影响.以及红外线扫描技术的改进;Paley希望能重操旧业..英文：But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce; and refinements in infrared scanning; Paley hopes to get back into operation.结构分析：with带两个宾语:renewed concern…和refinements...;整个短语作状语..中文：那位中世纪的学者几乎没有尝试着去调查植物的解剖结构、生长机制;以及它们相互之间是如何联系在一起的..英文：The medieval scholar made almost no attempt to investigate the anatomy of plants; their mechanisms of growth; or the ways in which they are related to one another.结构分析：investigate后所带的宾语是三个平行并列成分.即:A; B; or C;具体来说这三个成分分别是:一the anatomy of plants.2their mechanisms of growth;3or the ways in which they are related to one other..因为该句的谓语带有否定含义词no;所以用or;而不是and来把第三个并列成分和前两个连起来..定语从句;并且会用例句来具体分析句子结构..看完本篇文章你绝对能搞定定语从句..中文：利益是需要.渴望.关注.恐俱.一个人关心或想要的东西..英文：Interests are needs; desires; concerns; fears一the things one cares about or wants.结构分析:one cares about or wants是the things的定语从句..这个句子相对来说还是比较简单的;但其实复杂句也是一样的..中文：另一个基于利益的过程叫做调解;在调解中一个第三方帮助冲突者;即在冲突中的双方.达成一致..英文： Another interests based procedure is mediation; in which a third party assists the disputants; the two sides in the dispute; in reaching- agreement.in which引出的定语从句in which a third party assists the disputants; the two sides in the dispute; in reaching-agreement是对mediation 的解释;在定语从句中;the two sides in the dispute是disputants的同位语;同时也是插人语结构..中文：在一个试验中;从6岁到22岁的实验对象看不同瞳孔大小的女性的脸的图画.并被要求从中选择更高兴的一个..英文：In one experiment; subjects aged 6 to 22 were shown drawings of female faces that had different sized pupils; and asked to choose the one which was "happier".全句主语是subjects;有两个并列谓语were shown和and asked;都是被动语态;that had different sized pupils是定语从句做drawings of female faces的定语;which was “happier”是定语从句做the one的定语;过去分词短语aged 6 to 22是subjects的后置定语..中文：贝斯.以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士.责任护士要与指派给她的病人做深度交谈;并对病人的身体状况做全面记录.内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情..英文： At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.主从复合句..主句为At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse; who引导的定语从句修饰nurse.其中两个谓语visit和construct由and连接;that引导的定语从句修饰account;插入语的标志1插人语结构前后用逗号断开.如:The book; I think; doesn't provide informationabout the population in that area.其中.插入语结构I think便是这种特点..2插人语结构前后用破折号断开;如:The paper said the volcano destroyed most-if notall-of the buildings and construction on the island..其中;插入if not all就属于此类结构..对付插人语的办法是先略去不读..插人语常常插在主语和谓语之间.也可以插在句子中其他两个句子成分之间..有的插人语比较长;如果对插人语特别注意;会造成原来句子主要意思的中断;造成理解困难..而插人语常常是不重要的内容;所以应先略去不读.这样被分隔的两个句子成分就接上了..中文：在相互依赖的关系中.例如;劳资关系或在一个家庭或一个组织中;谁更有力量的问题就转换成谁更少依赖于另一方..英文：In relationships of mutual dependence; such as between labor and management or within an organization or a family; the question of who is more powerful turns on who is less dependent on the other.结构分析：such as between labor and management or within an organization or a family是插人语;同时也是举例说明;是不重要的内容.可以先略去不读..全句的谓语是turns on; the question of who is more powerful是主语.宾语从句who is less dependent on the other是turns on的宾语..中文：在发展中国家;在那里;至少有16个城市在近10年之末人口会超过1200万;不优先考虑公共交通是灾难性的..英文：In developing countries; where at least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people each by the end of this decade; failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.结构分析：where at least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people each by the end of this decade是插人语;是一个定语从句;修饰developing countries..全句主语是动名词短语failing to give priority to public transport.中文：因此.像木屏风一样;Fanwall屏障可以被建造;不需要昂贵的混凝土的地基;加快了建造时间;降低了费用..英文：Therefore; like the timber barriers; the Fanwall barrier can be built without expensive concrete footings or piles; speeding the construction time up and reducing costs.结构分析：can be built是被动语态;like the timber barriers是介词短语做状语;speeding the construction time up and reducing costs 是分词短语做状语..中文：在希腊失去了独立后;古代奥运会在公元393年被罗马皇帝Theodosius废除了..英文：The ancient Olympics were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in 393AD; after Greece had lost its independence.结构分析：were abolished是被动语态的过去式形式..after引导一时间状语从句..罗马皇帝不认识;采用首字母提炼法T..中文：假如不那么做;你可能被送上法庭..到时如果你不能向法庭证明你有理由可以不系安全带.你将会被罚款..这一点你必须牢记在心..英文：Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so; and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.结构分析：本句为一个祈使句:remember的宾语由and连接的两个宾语从句担任;第二个宾语从句为一个主从复合句：if引导一个状语从句;而that引导的从句为prove的宾语..本篇文章将分析雅思阅读难句中的状语从句;并且会用例句来具体分析句子结构..希望对广大考生有所帮助..中文：虽然当对错在法律中正式规定时;通常是很直截了当的;但其他的对错采取的是非书面的、社会接受的行为标准;例如:互惠;先例;平等和资历..英文： Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalized in law;other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standard behavior; such as reciprocity; precedent; equality; and seniority.结构分析：although引导一个让步状语从句;注意本句的最后有一个such as;是例如的意思;后面的内容往往是举例说明;是属于不重要的内容;可不作为阅读的重点.socially accepted是standards of behavior的前置定语..中文：特别是当父亲们对孩子们的需要负更大责任时;他们又更高的婚姻满意程度..当父亲们参与更多时.他们更高兴..英文：There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers; sepecially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children fathers are happier when they are more involved.结构分析：这一句当中两个when都是引导两个时间状语从句..中文：在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科学实验室进行太阳能实验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为;只要略为增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费.就能使这方面的研究提前20年取得突破..英文：A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community EEC could be brought forward by up to two decades; if an modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field; according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra ;near Milan.结构分析：全句主干为:“A breakthrough... could be brought for ward……;主语breakthrough被介词短语in the provision of……European Economic Community EEC修饰.而provision又被两个介词短语所修饰:一是在逻辑上与之构成直接宾语的of energy from the sun;另一个是目的状语for the European Economic Community..if引导的从句为主句的状语:according to引导的介词短语也作状语;其中过去分词短语engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra;near Milan修饰scientists.作定语..1.倒装句最常见的就是以only为首的句型;这种倒装句也会相对简单一点..中文：写美国母亲的书很多;只是最近的文学才开始关注父亲的角色..英文：Although numerous books have been written about American mothers; only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.结构分析：第二个分句由于把only放在句首以强调recently;所以使用了倒装语序..主句的正常语序应为literature has only recently focused on the role of a father.2.以never; little; often; not only; not until; hardly; scarcely 等词引导的句子..中文：我们不仅需要使纸张能被收废纸的人得到.而且纸张需要被分成不同的类别..英文：Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types.结构分析：not only位于句首;引起前面的句子倒装..正常的语序是we need to make the paper available to collectors;3.so/as或neither/nor引导的句子The average air temperature at the surface of the earth has risen this century; as has the temperature of ocean surface waters.4.某些让步状语从句In addition; difficult as it is to believe; there are desert fishes that can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs.而且;尽管令人难以置信;还是有沙淇鱼类能以非活性卵的形态幸免于多年的干旱..句子中as= although/though;“尽管”;“虽然”所引导的是让步状语从句..实际上.difficult as it is to believe= Although/Though it is difficult to believe.下面新东方网雅思频道为大家整理了雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析一;供考生们参考;以下是详细内容..1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body wasa message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.剑4; General Training Test B section 3分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in her samples and on her body”为定语从句;做The scent的定语;关系词在定语从句中做宾语;因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句;做a message的同位语;“they were looking for”为定语从句;做the one的定语;关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语;因此被省掉..2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and; in doing so; revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.剑4; General Training Test B section 3分析：本句的主句为“he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how bees communicate”为how引导的宾语从句;做介词about的宾语..3. There had; of course; been dictionaries in the past; the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages; compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray; published in 1604 under the titleA Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'.剑5; Test1 passage 1分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages; compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray; published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”为独立主格结构;其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”均为过去分词短语作定语;做a little book的定语..4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson; the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man; as famous in his own time as in ours; should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句的主句为“It is highly appropriate that… ”; 其中it为形式主语;真正的主语为that引导的主语从句;即“that Dr Samuel Johnson; the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man; as famous in his own time as in ours; should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class”;在主语从句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”为Dr Samuel Johnson的同位语;“as famous in his own time as in ours”为Dr Samuel Johnson的定语..5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句的主句为“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries”为定语从句;做the problems的定语;关系词为that..6. He was to be paid ￡1;575 in installments; and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square; in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句为并列句;“He was to be paid ￡1;575 in installments”和“from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square; in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”并列;由and连接;“in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”为定语从句;做17 Gough Square的定语;关系词为which..7. James Boswell; his biographer; described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句主句为“James Boswell described the garret as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk.”;“his biographer”为James Boswell的同位语;“where Johnson worked”为定语从句;做the garret的定语;关系词为where; “running down the middle”为现在分词短语做定语;做a long desk的定语;“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”为定语从句;做long desk 的定语;关系词为which..8. He was also helped by six assistants; two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句主句为“He was also helped by sixassist ants”;“two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”为定语从句;做six assistants的定语;关系词为whom;在定语从句中;“whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”为whilst引导的时间状语从句..9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary was cause for much English celebration.剑5; Test 1 passage 1分析：本句的主句为“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnson had tak en on the Academies of Europe and matched them”为that引导的同位语从句;做The fact 的同位语;括号中部分起到解释说明的作用..10. A few years ago; in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology; Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a‘leader' in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句为“Stanley Milgram of Yale U niversity tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' in a situation”;“A few years ago; in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology”为状语;“in which the subje cts night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”为定语从句;做a situation的定语;关系词为which; 其中“they were called upon to perform”也为定语从句;做the actions的定语;关系词在该定语从句中做宾语;因此被省掉..11. Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education; and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that…”;“that the experiment was in the noble cause of education; and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positiveeffect on the pupil's ability to learn.”为宾语从句;做动词told 的宾语;“whether or not punishing p upils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn”为whether引导的宾语从句;做test的宾语..面新东方网雅思频道为大家整理了雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析二;供考生们参考;以下是详细内容..1. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question; a shock was to be administered; beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“The teacher-subject was told that…”; “that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question;a shock was to be administered; beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”为that引导的宾语从句;做tell的宾语;在该宾语从句中“a shock was to be administered”为主句;而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question”为whenever引导的时间装语从句;在该宾语从句中做时间状语;“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”为现在分词短语做状语;在该宾语从句中做伴随状语..2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil; and to administer whatever level of shock was called for; as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil; and to administer whatever level of shock was called for”; 其中“whateve r level of shock was called for”为whatever引导的宾语从句;做administer的宾语;as per为介词短语;意为依据;根据;“governing the experimental situation of the moment”为现在分词短语作定语;做the rule的定语..3. As the experiment unfolded; the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher; thereby bringing on various electrical punishments; even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句“the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions”; “As the experiment unfolded”为As引导的时间状语从句;做该主句的时间状语;“posed by the teacher”为过去分词短语作定语;做questions的定语;“bringing on various electrical punishments; even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond”为现在分词短语作状语;做主句的伴随状语..4. In these situations; Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram calmly explained that…”; “that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为that引导的宾语从句;做explain的宾语;在该宾语从句中“to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为不定式做表语..5. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed; Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram said that …”; “If the subject was still reluctant to proceed”为If引导的条件状语从句;“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”为that引导的宾语从句;做said的宾语;在该宾语从句“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”中;it为形式主语;“that the procedure be followed through to the end”为that引导的主语从句;是该宾语从句真正的主语..6. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock; even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects”; “What Milgram was trying to discover”为What引导的主语从句;“who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock; even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.”为定语从句;做teacher-subjects 的定语;关系词为who..7. Prior to carrying out the experiment; Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population.”; “Prior to carrying out the experiment”为时间状语;prior to相当于before;“who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.”为定语从句;做an ordinary population的定语;关系词为who..8. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句为“The overwhelming consensus was that …”; “that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter”为表语从句;做was的表语..9. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句为并列句;“The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts'”和“they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”并列;由and连接;其中“that ‘mos t subjects would go beyond 150 volts'”为that引导的宾语从句;做felt的宾语;而“that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”也为that引导的宾语从句;做anticipated的宾语..10. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm; rational; knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured; flustered; but cooperative ‘teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life 剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句主句为“How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between…and…”; “what calm; rational; knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study”和“what pressured; flustered; but cooperative ‘teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life”均为what引导的宾语从句..11. One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment; and that Milgram'steacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.剑5; Test 1 passage 2分析：本句的主句为“One's first inclination might be to…”; “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment; and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a geneticneed to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.”为不定式做表语;做be的表语;在此表语中“that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct”和“that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock”并列;皆为that引导的宾语从句;做argue的宾语;“that was activated by the experiment”为定语从句;做instinct的定语;关系词为that..。
剑桥雅思阅读7test1原文翻译及答案
剑桥雅思阅读7test1原文翻译及答案雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读7test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读7test1原文READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Let’s Go BatsA Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.B Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flyinginsects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible.C Given the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight. Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. This doesn’t require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male’s tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her eyes are exposed directly to the light source itself. However, using light to find one’s own way around requires vastly more energy, since the eyes have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each part of the scene. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.D What else might the engineer think of? Well, blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path. It has been given the name ‘facial vision’, because blind people have reported that it feels a bit like the sense of touch, on the face. One report tells of a totally blind boy who could ride histricycle at good speed round the block near his home, using facial vision. Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears. Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship. After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic (British) and Sonar (American), as well as Radar (American) or RDF (British), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes.E The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn’t know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their ‘radar’ achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’, since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar. But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them. The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by2 how early mammals avoided dying out3 why bats hunt in the dark4 how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats5 early military uses of echolocationQuestions 6-9Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.Facial VisionBlind people report that so-called ‘facial vision’is comparable to the sensation of touch on the face. In fact, the sensation is more similar to the way in which pain from a 6……………arm or leg might be felt. The ability actually comes from perceiving 7……………through the ears. However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the 8………………of the seabed. This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding 9…………………………Questions 10-13Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 Long before the invention of radar, …………… had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats.11 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because………… are not used in their navigation system.12 Radar and sonar are based on similar ………… .13 The word ‘echolocation’was first used by someone working as a ……… .READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-20Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-H.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-H from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Scientists’ call for a revision of policyii An explanation for reduced water useiii How a global challenge was metiv Irrigation systems fall into disusev Environmental effectsvi The financial cost of recent technological improvements vii The relevance to healthviii Addressing the concern over increasing populationsix A surprising downward trend in demand for waterx The need to raise standardsxi A description of ancient water supplies14 Paragraph AExample AnswerParagraph B iii15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 paragraph E18 paragraph F19 paragraph G20 paragraph HMAKING EVERYDROP COUNTA The history of human civilisation is entwined with the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.B During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40 % of the world’s food. Nearly one fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the power of falling water.C Yet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world’s population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. As the United Nations report on access to water reiterated in November 2001, more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water; some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services. Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in efforts to solve these problems.D The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes — often with little warning or compensation — to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20 % of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers_are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions._underground stores of waterE At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change. The focus is slowly shifting back to the provision of basic human and environmental needs as top priority — ensuring ‘some for all,’instead of ‘more for some’. Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter waysrather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort. This shift in philosophy has not been universally accepted, and it comes with strong opposition from some established water organisations. Nevertheless, it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink, adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water-related illness.F Fortunately — and unexpectedly — the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted. As a result, the pressure to build new water infrastructures has diminished over the past two decades. Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.G What explains this remarkable turn of events? Two factors: people have figured out how to use water more efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use. Throughout the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per person doubled on average; in the USA, water withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled. But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry. In 1965, for instance, Japan used approximately 13 million gallons_of water to produce $1 million of commercial output; by 1989 this had dropped to 3.5 million gallons (even accounting for inflation) —almost a quadrupling of water productivity. In the USA, water withdrawals have fallen by morethan 20 % from their peak in 1980.H On the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs have not been met. But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. And even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller budget.Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21 Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome.22 Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.23 Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans.24 Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for water.25 Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption.26 In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water infrastructures.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.EDUCATING PSYCHEEducating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.Lozanov’s instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections made in the brain through unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made through conscious processing. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details —the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it — than the content on which we were concentrating. If we think of a lecture we listened to with great concentration, we will recall the lecturer’s appearance and mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn. Even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosis or when we relive the event imaginatively, as in psychodrama. The details of the content of the lecture, on the other hand, seem to have gone forever.This phenomenon can be partly attributed to the common counterproductive approach to study (making extreme efforts to memorise, tensing muscles, inducing fatigue), but it also simplyreflects the way the brain functions. Lozanov therefore made indirect instruction (suggestion) central to his teaching system. In suggestopedia, as he called his method, consciousness is shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral. The curriculum then becomes peripheral and is dealt with by the reserve capacity of the brain.The suggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration. In its most recent variant (1980), it consists of the reading of vocabulary and text while the class is listening to music. The first session is in two parts. In the first part, the music is classical (Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms) and the teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly, with attention to the dynamics of the music. The students follow the text in their books. This is followed by several minutes of silence. In the second part, they listen to baroque music (Bach, Corelli, Handel) while the teacher reads the text in a normal speaking voice. During this time they have their books closed. During the whole of this session, their attention is passive; they listen to the music but make no attempt to learn the material.Beforehand, the students have been carefully prepared for the language learning experience. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class. In a preliminary talk, the teacher introduces them to the material to be covered, but does not ‘teach’ it. Likewise, the students are instructed not to try to learn it during this introduction.Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the materialpresented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatisations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. What is distinctive in the suggestopedic method is that they are devoted entirely to assisting recall. The ‘learning’ of the material is assumed to be automatic and effortless, accomplished while listening to music. The teacher’s task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciousness. Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom.Lozanov experimented with teaching by direct suggestion during sleep, hypnosis and trance states, but found such procedures unnecessary. Hypnosis, yoga, Silva mind-control, religious ceremonies and faith healing are all associated with successful suggestion, but none of their techniques seem to be essential to it. Such rituals may be seen as placebos. Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains. Like any placebo, it must be dispensed with authority to be effective. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic session be conducted exactly in the manner designated, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to an inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough ‘faith’. They do not see it as ‘real teaching’, especially as it does not seem to involve the ‘work’ they have learned to believe is essential to learning.Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned withA the power of suggestion in learning.B a particular technique for learning based on emotions.C the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.D ways of learning which are not traditional.28 Lozanov’s theory claims that, when we try to remember things,A unimportant details are the easiest to recallB concentrating hard produces the best results.C the most significant facts are most easily recalled.D peripheral vision is not important.29 In this passage, the author uses the examples of a book and a lecture to illustrate thatA both of these are important for developing concentration.B his theory about methods of learning is valid.C reading is a better technique for learning than listening.D we can remember things more easily under hypnosis.30 Lozanov claims that teachers should train students toA memorise details of the curriculum.B develop their own sets of indirect instructions.C think about something other than the curriculum content.D avoid overloading the capacity of the brain.Questions 31-36Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 37In boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31 In the example of suggestopedic teaching in the fourth paragraph, the only variable that changes is the music.32 Prior to the suggestopedia class, students are made aware that the language experience will be demanding.33 In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.34 As an indirect benefit, students notice improvements in their memory.35 Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching.36 Students in a suggestopedia class retain more new vocabulary than those in ordinary classes.Questions 37-40Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.Suggestopedia uses a less direct method of suggestion thanother techniques such as hypnosis. However, Lozanov admits that a certain amount of 37..............is necessary in order to convince students, even if this is just a 38.............. . Furthermore, if the method is to succeed, teachers must follow a set procedure. Although Lozanov’s method has become quite 39.............., the results of most other teachers using this method have been40.............. .A spectacularB teachingC lessonD authoritarianE unpopularF ritualG unspectacular H placebo I involvedJ appropriate K well known剑桥雅思阅读7原文参考译文(test1)TEST 1 PASSAGE 1参考译文：走近蝙蝠A在黑暗中如何找到方向是蝙蝠面临的一大问题。
剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句
剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句朗阁雅思考试研究中心在许多考试中，同学们都会遇到长难句，而且及其难理解，很多学生看到这些句子段落就看是害怕，其实这些句子只要慢慢剖析就能一一击破，并不是特别的难，重要的是方法！1.As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing upwith the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.（剑4, General Training Test A section 3）分析：本句的主句为倒装句“so did the places”; “As audiences gre w”为as引导的时间状语从句；“where films were shown”为定语从句，做places的定语，关系词为where; “finishing up with the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s”为现在分词短语做伴随状语；“which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.”为非限制性定语从句，关系词为which。
2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and toadminister whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever lev el of shock was called for”; 其中“whatever level of shock was called for”为whatever引导的宾语从句，做administer的宾语；as per为介词短语，意为依据，根据；“governing the experimentalsituation of th e moment”为现在分词短语作定语，做the rule的定语。
剑桥雅思7阅读解析test1
Passage1Question 1答案：B关键词：wildlife other than bats. . . do not rely on vision. . .定位原文：B段第2句: “Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today”.解题思路: 题目问哪一段举出了除了蝙蝠之外不需要视觉导航的物种的例子，B段中说了被捕猎的昆虫、深海鱼类、鲸鱼、海豚等物种在鲜有光线或者完全黑暗的环境下是如何生活的，比较容易定位。
Question 2答案：A关键词: early mammals avoid dying out定位原文: A段倒数第2句: “In the time when the dinosaurs …”解题思路: ancestors 等同于early mammals, survive 等同于avoid dying out。
Question 3答案：A关键词: why … hunt in the dark定位原文: A段第5句: “Given that there is a living...”解题思路: 联系上下文，对应句说了物竞天择使蝙蝠晚上捕食，后面说了这个可能追溯到过去，那时恐龙白天捕食，使哺乳动物不得不晚上捕食Question 4答案：E关键词：a particular discovery定位原文: E段倒数第2句话“… and much of our scientific understanding of the details...”解题思路: 理解定位句意义：大多数关于蝙蝠行为细节的科学理解都是利用雷达理论完成的Question 5答案：D关键词： early military echolocation定位原文: D段倒数第2句和最后1句: “After this technique had been invented....”“Both sides in the Second World War ...”解题思路: 第二次世界大战可以对应early一词。
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【参考文档】雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（7）-实用word文档
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== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（7）
1. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt .
分析：本句的主句为 A popular explanation of play has been
thatthat it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt 为 that 引导的表语从句，作 has been 的表语; they will need to hunt 为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，被省略。
2. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal , he and his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness .
分析：本句的主句为 he and his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulnessComparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal 为现在分词短语作状语; larger brains are linked to greater playfulness 为宾语从句， that 被省略。
3. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development , you discover a pattern typically associated with a sensitive perioda brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life .
分析：本句较长，主句为 you discover a patternIf you plot the amount of time 为 if 引导的本句的条件状语从句; a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development 为定语从句，作 time 的定语，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，被省略; associated with a sensitive period 为过去分词短语作定语; during which the brain can actually be modified 为 which 引导的定语从句，作 window 的定语从句; that are not possible earlier or later in life 为定语从句，作 ways 的定语，关系词为 that 。