金融英语复习题 (2)
词汇
Capital adequacy ratio 资本充足率资本充足率是指资本总额与加权风险资产总额的比例。资本充足率反映商业银行在存款人和债权人的资产遭到损失之前，该银行能以自有资本承担损失的程度。规定该项指标的目的在于抑制风险资产的过度膨胀，保护存款人和其他债权人的利益、保证银行等金融机构正常运营和发展。各国金融管理当局一般都有对商业银行资本充足率的管制，目的是监测银行抵御风险的能力
信用违约互换(credit default swap，CDS)是国外债券市场中最常见的信用产品。在信用违约互换交易中，其中希望规避信用风险的一方称为信用保护购买方，而另一方即愿意承担信用风险，向风险规避方提供信用保护的一方称为信用保护出售方，违约互换购买者将定期向违约互换出售者支付一定费用(称为信用违约互换点差)，而一旦出现信用类事件(主要指债券主体无法偿付)，违约互换购买者将有权利将债券以面值递送给违约互换出售者，从而有效规避信用风险。由于信用违约互换产品定义简单、容易实现标准化，交易简洁，自90年代以来，该金融产品在国外发达金融市场得到了迅速发展。
Credit default swaps Moral hazard道德风险道德风险并不等同于道德败坏。道德风险是80年代西方经济学家提出的一个经济哲学范畴的概念，即“从事经济活动的人在最大限度地增进自身效用的同时做出不利于他人的行动。”或者说是：当签约一
方不完全承担风险后果时所采取的自身效用最大化的自私行为。道德风险亦称道德危机
Securities underwriting 证券承销，是证券经营机构代理证券发行人发行证券的行为。它是证券经营机构最基础的业务活动之一。
Bought deal 先买式交易（包销）指证券承销商对发行人发行的股票、债券或其他有价证券全部或部分买入，再销售给其他投资者的行为
Money multiplier 货币乘数是指在基础货币(高能货币)基础上货币供给量通过商业银行的创造存款货币功能产生派生存款的作用产生的信用扩张倍数，是货币供给扩张的倍数。
Asset securitization资产证券化是指经过投资银行把某公司的一定资产作为担保而进行的证券发行，是一种与传统债券筹资十分不同的新型融资方式。进行资产转化的公司称为资产证券发起人。发起人将持有的各种流动性较差的金融资产，如住房抵押贷款、信用卡应收款等，分类整理为一批资产组合，出售给特定的交易组织，即金融资产的买方（主要是投资银行），再由特定的交易组织以买下的金融资产为担保发行资产支持证券，用于收回购买资金。这一系列过程就称为资产证券化。
Risk premium风险溢价，是一个人在面对不同风险的高低、且清楚高风险高报酬、低风险低报酬的情况下，会如
何因个人对风险的承受度影响其是否要冒风险获得较高的报酬，或是只接受已经确定的收入，放弃冒风险可能得到的较高报酬。确定的收入与较高的报酬之间的差，即为风险溢价。
Contingent claim 衍生工具，金融市场最重要的发展就是期货、期权及相关衍生工具市场的成长。这些衍生工具为我们提供了取决于其他各类资产价值的支付手段,这些资产价值有商品价格、债权与股票的价格或市场指数值。由于这一原因,这些工具有时被称为衍生资产(derivative assets)或或有债权(contingent claims)
Sinking fund 偿债基金，为确保债券能干到期日有足够的资金以偿还债权人的本金，发行公司于债券未到期前预先按期提存的基金。
Seigniorage 铸币税由货币发行主体垄断性地享受“通货币面价值超出生产成本”的收益
Swap transaction 掉期交易指在买入或卖出即期外汇的同时，卖出或买进同一货币的远期外汇，以防止汇率风险的一种外汇交易。
Stock warrant 认股权证授予持有人的一项权利，在到期日前(也可能有其它附加条款)以行使价购买公司发行的新股(或者是库藏的股票)。
Capital structure 资本结构指长期负债与权益(普通股、
特别股、保留盈余)的分配情况，或者企业各种资本的价值构成及其比例。（债务和权益资本的关系）
Loan commitment 贷款承诺银行承诺在一定时期内或者某一时间按照约定条件提供贷款给借款人的协议，属于银行的表外业务，是一种承诺在未来某时刻进行的直接信贷。Forward transaction 远期交易即将在未来约定日期开始的交易。
Market maker 做市商持有某些股票或债券或其他金融产品的存货，并以此承诺维持这些股票和债券或金融产品的双向买卖交易的维持双向买卖交易的商家就是做市商。Franchising 特许经营权是指有权利当局授予个人或法人实体的一项特权。
Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业人们在不同的地区、职业或生命周期的不同阶段，不停地变动工作而引起的失业Endorsement 背书在票据或单证的背面签名。表示该票据或单证的权利，由背书者转让给被背书者。
判断改错
1 .The price of the convertible bonds normally is higher than the price of comparable nonconvertible bonds.
2. T-Bills are normally issued at a discount from par.
3. The term "monetary policy" refers to what the central bank does to influence the money supply in the economy.
4. The distribution of a firm’s capital between deb t and equity is its capital structure.
5. The existence of a financial market is an important but not necessary condition for the creation and exchange of a financial asset.
6. The inducement for firms to acquire funds depends on the required return of borrowed money.
7. The term "monetary policy" refers to what the central bank does to influence the money supply in the economy.
8. One of goals of monetary policy is that keep stable balance of payments.
9. The banking industry exists primarily to provide short-term loans and to accept short-term deposits with a efficiency advantage.
10. M1 consists of currency and traveler’s checks plus checking deposits owned by individuals and businesses
11. Preferred stock is an equity claim that entitles the investor to receive a fixed dollar amount.
12 A private placement bond is a non-underwritten, unregistered corporate bond sold directly to a single investor or
a small group of investors.
13. Non-option contingent claims also involve fees for the
bank but not necessarily impose a contingent liability on the bank.
14. Commercial banks usually have the right to determine whether or not to honor a loan commitment.
15 A credit instrument is a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one person to another.
16. Compensating balance requirements are deposit balances that the borrower must keep with the bank during the period of their commitment relationship.
翻译
1.One of goals of monetary policy is that keep stable
balance of payments.
货币政策的目标之一是维持国际收支平衡
2.Restrictive covenants include rules and restrictions on
managers designed to protect the bond holders’ interests. 契约包括管理条约和限制性条款,旨在保护债券持有人的利益.
3. The primary reason that individuals and firms choose to borrow long-term is to reduce the risk that interest rates will rise before they pay off their debt.
个人与企业选择举借长期债务的主要原因是为了降低债务
清偿前利率上升的风险
4.Banks must put aside a portion of their deposits in the form of reserves that are held without interest at the central Bank.
商业银行必须在中央银行留有一部分以储蓄形式存在无利率的存款.
5.Stock is an instrument that signifies an equity position in
a corporation.
股票是一种在股份公司中占有股权的信用工具
6.An initial public offering (IPO) is a company's first sale
of stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.
IPO(首次公开募股)是一家公司首次出售其股票,债券或定期存单
1.企业面临的最困难的决策之一就是应以债务还是权益资本为企业的成长融资。.
One of the most difficult decisions a firm faces can be whether it should finance its growth with debt or equity.
2.股东从公司获得股利的多少，取决于该股东的持股比例和公司总利润的多少。
How much of the dividends will be decided by the proportion of shares they have and the total profit the company has.
3.在缺乏流动性的情况下，所有者将被迫持有一项债务工具直到到期日或持有一项权益工具直到公司自愿或被迫破产清算.
4.任何金融系统最基础的功能就是推动经济中的支付行为. The most basic function of any financial system is to facilitate payments in the economy.
5股票市场的存在确保了各家公司都能拥有一条稳定的资本寻求渠道。
the existence of a stock market ensures that firms will have a stable channel to search the capital
6.金融市场中得买卖双方的相互作用决定了交易资产的价格；或者说确定了金融资产的要求收益率.the interactions of buyers and sellers in a financial market determine the price of the traded asset ,or ,equivalently,the required return on a financial asset is determined
7.资产证券化就是将某个金融资产池中，具备现金流支撑的有价证券销售行为
Asset securitization is the selling of securities backed by the cash flows from a pool of financial assets.
8银行在出售或有债权的时候收取一定费用，该笔费用在数量上等于或有债权所含选择权的价值.t he bank should be paid a fee at the time the contingent claim is sold that
equals the value of the option contained in that claim
9信用创造是商业银行以活期存款的形式实现贷款和投资，进而创造货币的能力，这种能力从根本上将商业银行与其他金融机构区分开来It is the ability of the commercial banks to create money in the form of demand deposits by making loans and investments that distinguishes commercial banks from other financial institutions.
10通货膨胀会扭曲决策机制，降低生产效率，减缓经济长期增长速度。It also distorts decision-making, reduces productivity and lowers the economy's long-term rate of growth
11贷款承诺是一项对特定客户在特定条件下提供特定数量贷款的承诺. A loan commitment is a promise to lend up to a prespecified amount to a prespecified customer at prespecified terms
12最为常见和使用的货币供给增长衡量工具称之为货币乘数。The most common mechanism used to measure this increase in the money supply is typically called the money multiplier. 13有选择的或有债权构成了银行的或有负债而赋予了承诺购买者一种选择权. an option like contingent claim imposes a contingent liability on the bank(the seller)and endows the buyer of the commitment with an option.
14美国短期国债之所以通常被认定为无风险债券，是因为联
邦政府总是能够以增加税收的方式弥补国债带来的债务。U.S. Treasury bonds have usually been considered to have no default risk because the federal government can always increase taxes to pay off its obligations
判断是下面的第一个第三个第五个第六个第七个第九个第十一个第十四个第十五个第十六个.
金融专业英语阅读(答案)
Lesson One Translate the following passage into Chinese 1.紧缩性货币政策和扩张性货币政策都涉及到改变一个国家的货币供应量水平。 扩张性货币政策增加货币供应量，而紧缩性货币政策会减少货币供应量。 2.当联邦储备体系在公开市场上购买有价证券，会引起证券价格上涨。债券价格 和利率成反比关系。联邦贴现率就是一种利率，因此降低联邦利率实际上就是 降低利率。如果联邦储备系统决定降低法定储备要求，那么银行能够进行投资 的资金会增加。这会引起投资比如债券价格的上涨，因此利率会降低。无论联 邦储备体系用何种方法来增加货币供应量，利率都会降低，债券价格会上涨。 Translate the following sentences into English 1. China would maintain a stable currency and prudent monetary policy, and expected to stay within its growth and inflation targets this year 2.China would also maintain a prudent monetary policy to support economic development while preventing inflationary pressure and financial risks 3. China’s economy continued to grow steadily and rapidly in the first quarter, with investment in fixed assets slowing and domestic consumption accelerating. 4.because of China’s large increase in its trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter, the effectiveness of its monetary policy — used to help control inflation — was facing “serious challenges.” 5. The central bank would seek to further streamline its foreign exchange system to facilitate the orderly outflow of funds. At the same time, it would tighten the management of foreign exchange inflows and settlement. —Three Translation: Translate the following passage into Chinese 1．外汇交易当然是指两种不用货币之间的交易了。每一组货币的交易或“买卖”都包含两个部分。一个是即期市场，在这个市场中支付（交付）需在交易时立即进行（在实际操作中一般是在第二个交易日进行），另一个就是远期市场。远期市场的汇率是在交易的时候就先确定了，但实际的交易，或交付则是在未来的某个特定时间进行的。 2．外汇交易期权是指一种货币和另一种货币在未来进行交付的一个合同，在此合同中，
金融专业英语及翻译
Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如: 如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings. “真”与“假”有着相反的意思。 Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine. 你的计划与我的相反。 Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的 Evil is the inverse of good. Reverse 反过来，翻转 He reversed the car. 他倒车. 教育类 素质教育 education for all-round development 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 扩招 expand enrollment 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 大学生创业 the university students' innovative undertaking 社会实践 social practice 文凭 diplomas and certificates 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society 工作类 人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 试用期 probationary period 跳槽 job-hopping 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity 工作出色 excel in one's work 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 人才外流 brain drain 失业问题 unemployment problems 下岗职工 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 医药卫生类 卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnutrition
会计专业英语模拟试题及答案
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2017年辽宁单招英语模拟试题及答案
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金融专业英语翻译学习：跟单信用证常见条款及短语
金融专业英语翻译学习：跟单信用证常见条款及短语applicant 开证人（申请开证人） principal 开证人（委托开证人） accountee 开证人 accreditor 开证人（委托开证人） opener 开证人 for account of Messrs 付（某人）帐 at the request of Messrs 应（某人）请求 on behalf of Messrs 代表某人 by order of Messrs 奉（某人）之命 by order of and for account of Messrs 奉（某人）之命并付其帐户 at the request of and for account of Messrs 应（某人）得要求并付其帐户 in accordance with instruction received from accreditors 根据已收到得委托开证人得指示 2.beneficiary 受益人 beneficiary 受益人 in favour of 以（某人）为受益人 in o ne′s favour 以……为受益人 favouring yourselves 以你本人为受益人
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