2017-2018学年中考英语一轮复习 S(一)开头词汇(二)讲义

中考一轮复习 S（一）开头词汇

（二）（讲义）

??以字母 S 开头的单词

side /sa?d/ n. 边，旁边，面，侧面；一方(的意见；态度；立场) side by side 并排地；并肩地

There were two children ahead, walking side by side.

from side to side 从左到右；从一边到另一边

He shook his head slowly from side to side. 他慢慢地摇了摇头。

south /sa?θ/

n. 南，南方；南部

the south (某国的)南部，南方in the south 在南方

adj. 南(方)的；向南的；从南来的

on the south coast 在南海岸South Africa 南非

adv. 向南

The swallows fly south in the winter. 冬季燕子向南飞。

southern /'s?e(?)n/ adj. 南方的；南部的southwest

/,sa?θ'west/

n. 西南，西南方；西南部

adj. 来自西南方的；位于西南部的

southwestern /,sa?θ'west?n/ adj. 位于(来自)西南部的

second /'sek(?)nd/

num. 第二的

the second room

adv. 以第二名；第二，其次

同义词：secondly adv. 第二；其次

n. 秒

second hand 秒针minute hand 分针hour hand 时针

second-hand /'s?k?nd'h?nd/

adj. 二手的；间接得来的

second-hand cars 二手车second-hand opinions 拾人牙慧的观点

adv. 二手地

I bought the camera second-hand.

Saturday /'s?t?de?/ n. 星期六

Sunday /'s?nde?/ n. 星期日

September /sep'temb?/ n. 九月

season /'si?z(?)n/ n. 季节；季

the dry / rainy season 旱季/雨季

be in season 当令的；在旺季的

be out of season 不合时令的；在淡季的

spring /spr??/ n. 春天，春季；泉水，泉

summer /'s?m?/ n. 夏季；夏天

shower /'?a??/ n. 淋浴；阵雨

take / have a shower 洗淋浴

We were caught in a heavy shower.

storm /st??m/ n. 风暴；暴风雨；暴风雪

snow /sn??/

n. 雪

heavy snow 大雪

as white as snow 雪白的

v. 下雪

It’s been snowing heavily all day. 大雪下了一整天。

snowy /'sn???/ adj. 被雪覆盖的；下雪多的；雪白的snowy hair 白发snowman /'sn??m?n/n. 雪人pl. snowmen

sun /s?n/ n. 阳光；太阳

in the sun 在阳光下

We sat in the sun. 我们坐在阳光下。

under the sun (事物数量很大) 天下；全世界

We talked about everything under the sun. 天南地北，我们无所不谈。

sunny /'s?n?/ adj. 睛朗的；阳光充足的；快乐的 (sunnier; sunniest) a sunny day 阳光明媚的日子

a sunny smile 快乐的微笑

sunshine /'s?n?a?n/ n. 阳光 [U]

sunglasses /'s?nglɑ?s?z/ n. 太阳镜

sky /ska?/ n. 天；天空 [C, U]

sky 一般被看作是不可数名词，用作单数，如: Can you

see those birds high up in the sky?

There were little white clouds high in the blue sky.

但是，当把sky 部分化时(如说伦敦的天空时)，或者受形容词修饰时，或者涉及到天气时，就可以使用skies 。例如:

The night skies of London flare with rockets.

烟火在伦敦的夜空中辉闪。

a day of rain and cloudy skies 有雨多云的一天

It was a sunny Sunday, with cloudless blue skies and a pleasantly refreshing breeze. star /stɑ?/ n. 星；恒星

sight /sa?t/ n. 视力[U]；景象，情景[C]；风景(sights)She

has very good sight.

The bus became a familiar sight to local residents.

We’re going to Paris for the weekend to see the

sights. at first sight 乍一看；初看时

not let sb. ou t of one’s sight让某人留在自己眼皮底下

Since the accident, Donna hasn’t let the children out of her

sight. out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦

sightseeing /'sa?tsi???/n. 观光；游览[U]go

sightseeing 去观光

sign /sa?n/ n. 迹象，征兆；标志；记号

Headaches may be a sign of stress. 头痛可能是紧张的迹象。

The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands’. 墙上的牌子写着“请洗手”。

a plus/minus sign (+/－) 加/减号

symbol /'s?mb(?)l/ n. 象征；符号，记号

a symbol of……的象征

This is a symbol of good luck.

The long noodles are a symbol of long life.

social /'s???(?)l/ adj. 社会的；社交的

society /s?'sa??t?/ n. 社会

socialist society 社会主义社会

strike /stra?k/

v. (struck; struck 或 struck; stricken) 撞；打，击；罢工

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁

The tree was struck by lightning. 树遭到雷击。

n. 罢工；打；击

the train drivers’ strike 火车司机罢工

a strike by teachers 教师举行的罢课

survey /s?'ve?/ n. 调查

school /sku?l/ n. 学校schoolwork

/'sku?lw??k/ n. 学校作业；功课

schoolbag /'sku?lb?ɡ/ n. 书包

scarf /skɑ?f/ n. (pl. scarfs / scarves)围巾；披巾；头巾

subject /'s?bd?n. 题目，主题；学科；主语

science /'sa??ns/ n. 科学；理科

science fiction 科幻小说(或影片等)

science students 理科学生文科 art

scientific /sa??n't?f?k/adj. 科学(上)的；细致严谨的

scientist /'sa??nt?st/ n. 科学家

score /sk??/

n. 得分；分数

the final score 最终得分

What’s the score? 得分/比分是多少？

v. (游戏或比赛中) 得分

score a point/goal 得分

sentence /'sent(?)ns/

n. 句子；判决

to be under sentence of death 被判处死刑

v. 判决；宣判

sentence ... to death 判处……死刑

standard /'st?nd?d/

n. 标准；水平

Mary did homework carefully to meet the standards of a strict teacher.

adj. 标准的；规范的

standard English 规范的英语

speech /spi?t?/ n. 演讲；发言

make / give a speech on sth. 发表关于……的演讲/就……问题发表演讲

skill /sk?l/ n. 技能；技巧

reading / writing skills 阅读/写作技巧

spirit /'sp?r?t/ n. 精神，心灵；情绪(spirtis)

The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.

in spirit 在内心里，在精神上

I can’t come to your wedding but I’ll be there in

spirit. in high/low spirits 情绪高/低

stress /stres/

n. 精神压力；物理压力；强调，重要性 [C, U] under

pressure/stress 在压力之下

Kids these days already have enough stress from school.

My parents give me a lot of pressure about school.

v. 强调；重读

He stressed the importance of a good education.

In French, the last syllable is usually

stressed.

stressed /str?st/ adj. 焦虑不安；心力交瘁

stressed out 极度焦虑的；非常紧张疲惫的

Are you stressed out each time you have a test?

self-improvement /'selfim'pru:vm?nt/ n. 自我改进；自我提高

Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.

sense /sens/

n. 感觉；意识

a sense of humor 幽默感

v. 感觉到；意识到

The music was strangely beautiful, but under the beauty I sensed a strong sadness and pain.

这首音乐异常的美，但是在这美的背后，我感觉到了强烈的悲伤和痛苦。

shame /?e?m/

n. 羞愧[U]；遗憾的事[sing.] (a shame) It

’s a shame you have to leave so soon.

What a shame! =What a pity! 真遗憾！

shame on you/him… (责备时说)真丢脸，真不害臊bring

shame on sb. 使……蒙羞

You’ve brought shame on this family. 你已经使这个家庭蒙羞了。

v. 使羞愧

shame sb. into doing sth. 使某人羞愧不得不做某事She

shamed her father into promising more help. 她

使父亲感到惭愧，只好答应多给她些帮助。

surprise /s?'pra?z/

n. 惊奇；意外 [U, C] in

surprise 惊讶地

She looked up in surprise. 她惊讶地抬起头。

to one’s surprise使……惊讶的；出乎……的意料

To our surprise, he is our teacher’s

husband. get a surprise 吃惊

The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. When we looked out of our tent,

we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.

v. 使惊奇；使诧异

The children surprise the parents.

surprised adj. 惊奇的；感到意外的

surprising adj. 令人惊奇的

silence /'sa?l?ns/ n. 寂静；沉默

in silence 沉默地

My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.

silent adj. 寂静的；沉默的

keep/stay/remain silent 保持沉默

silently adv. 默默地；悄悄地；无声地

代词

she /?i?/ pron. 她

several /'sev(?)r(?)l/

det. 几个；数个；一些

several hours 几个小时

pron. 几个；数个；一些

Several of the paintings were destroyed in the fire.

adj. 各自的；分别的

They said goodbye and went their several ways.

他们道别后，便各自走了。

some /s?m/

det. 一些，若干；有些；好些，不少的；某一词组

辨析：

some times 几次：I have been to the Great Wall some times.

sometimes 有时；不时：He sometimes writes to me.

some time (好长)一段时间：We’re going to be working together for some time (=a long time).

sometime 在某时：I saw him sometime last summer. / We must get together sometime.

pron. 有些人；有些事物

不论作为限定词还是代词，some 都可表示“一些；若干”，此时：

some 常用于肯定句和预料会得到肯定回答的疑问句，而在否定句和疑问句中通常用 any。

someday /'s?mde?/ adv. 将来会有一天，有朝一日(=some day) Maybe

someday I’ll be rich!

somebody /'s?mb?d?/

n.重要人物

pron. 某人；有人 (=someone)

He thought himself somebody, but we thought him nobody.

something /'s?mθ??/ pron. 某事；某物

There is something wrong with the computer.

Give me something to do.给我点活儿干吧。

something interesting

somewhere /'s?mhwε?/ adv.在某处；到某处

Can we go somewhere warm?

somewhere 和 anywhere 的区别与 some 和 any 的区别相同

副、介、连、数词等

seldom /'seld?m/ adv.很少；不常；罕见

She seldom reads newspapers.

sudden /'s?d(?)n/ adj. 突然的

all of a sudden 突然，出乎意料的 (=suddenly)

The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place. suddenly /'s?d(?)nl?/ adv.突然；猛地

such /s?t?/

pron. 这样的人(事物)；上述的人(事物)

A Welsh (威尔士人的) victory had been predicted and such indeed was the result.

Such of you as wish to leave may do so now. 想离开的人现在都可以走了。

det. 这样的，那样的；非常，如此程度

such+名词这样的……；如此…… There

’s no such thing as a free lunch.

It’s such a beautiful day! 天气多么好哇！

such as 例如

I like drinks such as tea and soda.

such…that…如此……以至于……

It was such a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home.

so /s??/

adv. 如此；非常；也，同样；的确如此

如此……以至于：so + adj. / adv.+ that & such + n.+ that

The boy was so honest that everyone liked him.

He was such an honest boy that everyone liked him.

“Is he coming?”“I hope so.” (我希望如此)

“Did they mind?”“I don’t think so.” (我不认为如此。)

I might be away next week. If so, I won’t be able to see you. (if so: 如果是这

样的话) “so/nor/neither +情/助/系+主语”意为：某人也(不)是(如此)

“Tom works hard.”“So does Lily.”(莉莉也是。)

“Tom doesn’t work hard.”“Neither does Lily /Nor does Lily/(Lily neither).”(

莉莉也不。) “I don’t know.”“Neither do I/Nor do I/(Me neither).”(我也不知道。) “so +主语+情/助/系”意为：是的，的确是这样

“Tom works hard.”“So he does.” (的确如此。)

and so on ……等等We discussed everything—when to go, what to see and so on.

so far 到目前为止；迄今为止What do you think of the show so far?

so as to do sth. 为了/以便做某事We went early so as to get good seats.

so much for sth. 关于……就讲这么多；……到此为止

So much for the situation in France. Now we turn our attention to Russia.

conj. 因此；所以

so (that)…为了；以便……

I work hard so that I can enter a good high school.

so what? 那又怎么样呢？

—He’s fifteen years younger than you!

—So what?

soon /su?n/ adv.不久；很快；一会儿

as soon as 一……就…… (引导时间状语从句)

As soon as the moon rises, we can follow them instead.

My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.

as soon as possible = as soon as sb can 尽快

We’ll deliver the goods as soon as we can.我们将尽快交货。

Please send it as soon as possible. 请尽快把它寄出去。

sooner or later 迟早，总有一天

Sooner or later you will have to make a decision.

—How soon…?多久之后……

—In a week.

still /st?l/

adv. 仍然，还；不过

Mum, I’m still hungry!

Although he promised faithfully to come, I still didn’t think he would. adj. 静止的；平静的

Keep still while I brush your hair. 我给你梳头时你不要动。

Can’t you sit still? 你就不能老老实实坐一会儿吗？

still water 平静的水面

Still waters run deep. 静水流深。(木讷寡言者也许胸藏丘壑。)

since /s?ns/

prep. 从……以来

since then 自那以来

I haven’t eaten since breakfast.

conj. 从……以来；因为；既然

Where have you been since I last saw you.

Since you can’t answer, you can ask someone else for help.

adv. 从那以后

He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.

??与字母 S 相关的谚语

A still tongue makes a wise head.

A good reputation sits still; a bad one runs about. A good tree is a good shelter.

All rivers run into the sea.

All things in their being are good for something. It is the first step that costs the most.

??精讲精练

一、单项选择

( )1. —Listen! There someone at the door.

—It must be your sister.

A.is; knocking

B. is; knock

C. are; knocking

D. are; knock

( )2. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all. So you have to be

careful. 选出与划线部分意义最相近的解释

A. Sometime

B. Sometimes

C. Some time

D. Some times(

)3. —Anna has learned a lot by reading English fictions.

—, and .

A. So has she; so have you

B. So has she; so you have

C. So she has; so you have

D. So she has; so have you

( )4. exciting news! We have never had long vacation before.

A. What; such a

B. What an; such a

C. How; such a

D. What; so a

( )5. —We’ll travel to different places this winter vacation. Enjoy your trip!

—.

A. The same to you

B. Yes, I’d love to

C. Me, too

D. Very well, thank you

二、根据提示完成句子

1. She (突然) found herself being talked about in all the newspapers.

2. 我惊奇地发现他今天穿着一件最时髦的夹克。

I was that he wore a jacket in the latest today.

3. 从五月起，北京允许盲人乘客与导盲犬一起乘坐地铁。

Starting from May, Beijing allows blind passengers with their guide dogs.

4. 令我惊讶的是，他已收到那所大学校长的来信了。

, he has already _from the principal of the university.

5. Mr. Smith and his wife seldom drive their car to work, ? (完成反意疑句)

【参考答案】

??与字母 S 相关的谚语

1.沉默者有智慧。

2.好名不出门，恶名传四方。

3.枝叶茂盛的大树是躲避风雨的好去处。 / 大树底下好乘凉。

4.条条江河归大海。

5.天生我才必有用。

6.万事开头难。

??精讲精练一、

单项选择1—5：

ABDAA

二、根据提示完成句子

1. suddenly

2. surprised, style/fashion

3. to take the subway/underground/metro

4. to my surprise, heard

5. do they