高考英语第一轮 30分钟专题突破24 状语从句
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义地点状语从句知识点整理总结
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义地点状语从句知识点整理总结状语从句家族庞大，我们一起来看看它吧！01 地点状语从句的概念和引导词地点状语从句，顾名思义，也即一个句子在主句中充当地点状语。
它的引导词是wh e re及wh e re v e r等。
w h e r e引导的地点状语从句替换的是介词+地点构成的地点状语。
如下，句2中的状语从句替换的就是句1中的地点状语。
Go back to your hometown.回你的家乡去吧。
（地点状语）Go back where you came from.回你老家去吧。
（地点状语从句）地点状语从句可以和主句分开，用在句首、句中或句末。
如：W h e r e ve r y o u go,I wi l l co m e wi th yo u.你不论去哪里，我都要跟着你。
We went home, where we had dinner.我们回到家，在家里吃了晚饭。
02 地点状语从句的常见用法地点状语从句除了表示真实的地点以外，还可以表示抽象的地点。
如：Please fill in the blanks with right words. Change the forms where (it is) necessary.请用合适的单词及其正确形式填空。
Where most people saw nothing but a deserted land, I saw a great deal o f h o p e.许多人只看到一片荒野，我却看到了无穷的希望。
固定句型，W h e r e th e r e i s…, th e re i s…（经常用在谚语中）如：Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
03地点状语从句和定语从句区别where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的区别之一在于，定语从句有先行词（表示地点的词汇），地点状语从句无先行词。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习名词性从句讲解教学课件-PPT
真题解析
His presentation will show you contexts. A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
模拟题解析
As they usually receive the same score in standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to
is the
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
【解析】句意为“因为鲍勃和海伦在考试中总是得到同样的分数， 所以关于他们俩谁是更好的学生，总是有分歧”。
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： a. 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)之后
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： c. 可由形式宾语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。
(1) 宾语从句的连接词★ ： a. 由that引导； b. 由whether/if引导； c. 由连接代词what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等引导； d. 由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
真题解析
【2016阅读】 He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.
高三英语一轮复习之--高考英语中最常考的八类状语从句
高考英语中最常考的八类状语从句状语从句是高考英语的必考考点，综观近年来各省市状语从句的考题情况，以下八类状语从句特别值得关注：一、in case引导的状语从句根据语境的不同，in case既可表示“如果”“万一”，引导条件状语从句；也可表示“以防(万一)”，引导目的状语从句。
下面两道真题均选in case：1. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day. (北京卷)A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case2. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ______ there is a power cut. (重庆卷)A. ifB. unlessC. in caseD. so that【解析】两道题都选in case，均表示“以防万一”。
二、before引导的状语从句尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before…”这一句型。
如：1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽卷)A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work. (江西卷)A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. that【解析】两道题均before。
第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a long time before…，意思是“要过很久才会……”；第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before…，意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会……”。
高考英语一轮复习 考点 时间和地点状语从句考点归纳高三全册英语试题
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点22 时间和地点状语从句历年高考对状语从句得考查集中在九大状语从句上，尤其是when, ,while, as 等等从属连词引导的时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句上。
预计2021年高考仍然对状语从句的考查将集中在从句的引导词上，还会结合其它考点一起考查。
【复习建议】1.掌握各种从属连词；2.熟悉九大状语从句；3.掌握状语从句中的省略以及常考的重点句型。
作状语的句子为状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号隔开;放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
引导状语从句的连词归纳如下:考向一时间状语从句一、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。
（同时）When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。
（从句动作发生在前）2. when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事，突然……be doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然……We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
【高考英语一轮复习小题多题型训练】简单句并列句与状语从句(附解析)
第二章：句法专题08：简单句和并列句题量要求：（35分钟）（基础题）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They're not simply made in China, designed in the country smoothly.2．He has plenty of money he can spend it freely according to his own requirements.3. Leave it with me I will see what I can do with it on my own.4．Don't drive so fast you'll have an accident probably.5．The shops were not open I didn't get any milk.6. There is no point in giving up something you enjoy you get something back that's even better.7．The lady in charge felt so sorry for me she offered to change the flight at no extra cost.8．I was into shock，and they called 911 and waited with me，one holding my hand and speaking gently to me that they would stay help came.9．As We know that tasks your group is given，a few rules have to be followed.10．It wasn't long I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids.11．Bad habits, formed, are difficult, and sometimes impossible to shake off, especially in a short period of time.12．According to the new rules, you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could findthe legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.3.(2020·江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project it won’t be delayed.4.(2020·天津卷)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.—it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, because I want to.”6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.7. She screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.8. Over time, the population grew, people began realize the importance of the truth of education.9. I didn't know her in my university, I had heard lots of her stories.10. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.11. The education will change dramatically the creativity plays a key part in it.12. Never lose heart you'll make a quick advance in your project.7. I think we'd better keep to the subject, we'll waste our time.8.Be careful with your machine, you'll be hurt.9.I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.10.the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.1. Though it has been only one year he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.2. You can smoke here you leave a window open to let the smoke out.3. We still have a long way to go even our project has been carried out smoothly so far.4. Give me a chance, I'll give you a wonderful surprise.5. The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad,dared not say anything to my mother.6.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him he came back from hospital.7.When you have bought some fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator you don't cook it immediately.8.The explosion rocked the lake with such a force dead fish immediately began to surface.9. If you notice that when someone is missing hurt, tell your teacher immediately.10he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going though his great adjustment.模块综合练08二、语法填空Passage 1Small talk changes 1(slight) when you’re with strangers as opposed to people at a business function or party. Chatting with strangers gives you practice for those times in life 2 you’ll need to make a really great 3(impress). If you’re used to 4(talk) with people on a routine basis, you won’t make mistakes when you’re nervous. Here are some icebreakers.One skill to open up small talk is to praise the accessories(配饰) someone 5(wear). Avoid making 6 comment about someone’s clothing as if you are hitting on him or her. Making a sincere comment about an accessory is much more 7(accept).You can also ask someone if they can suggest a good restaurant for lunch or dinner. Say something like, “I’m taking my friend to lunch for her birthday tomorrow. Do you know agoodplace?” 8“We need to find a fun but reasonably9(price) place to take my mom out for her birthday.Do you have a suggestion?”They might recommend a restaurant and then add, “We go there all the time!” or “We just took my aunt there last week and she lov ed it.” You can ask them more questions10(base) on what they say, and this will help you continue the conversation.Passage 2I am Simon and it is 5 pm on Live Radio, time for our 11(week) Mystery Pop Star Competition. The prize this week is not the usual CD or photograph 12 a chance for you and a friend 13(go) and see our mystery star’s next concert. Today’s mystery person 14(be) on the top music scene for many years. He was born 15 the 30th of March, 1945, and his grandparents gave him his first guitar 16 he was 17. What kind of music does he play? Well, although he has had some songs in the top 20, his music is really sad. He has had his share of 17(person) problems — he used drugs, his marriage broke up and then in 1991 his young son died when he fell from a building in New York. He wrote about his son’s18(dead) in his song Tears in Heaven, 19 was a big success at the beginning of the 1990s, a very sad song if you listen. OK, that’s all I am going to tell you. If you have got the answer, phone us now on 0107 8687. Two tickets are waiting for you...and now we have our caller 20(ring) in!Passage 3A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures TogetherWhen Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 21 (celebrate).Kambugu, who works for the Standard CharteredBank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted 22 (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路)is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanChart’s offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, 23 helped them understand the initiative better.Kambugu 24 (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 25 better in East Africa so far, “The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya,”he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 26 she had seen during her journey impressed 27 (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 28 (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.“By running together, we run further,” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 29 (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 30 (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.第二章：句法专题08：简单句和并列句题量要求：（35分钟）（基础题）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They're not simply made in China, but designed in the country smoothly.2．He has plenty of money and he can spend it freely according to his own requirements.3. Leave it with me and I will see what I can do with it on my own.4．Don't drive so fast or you'll have an accident probably.5．The shops were not open so I didn't get any milk.6. There is no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better.7．The lady in charge felt so sorry for me that she offered to change the flight at no extra cost.8．I was into shock，and they called 911 and waited with me，one holding my hand and speaking gently to me that they would stay until help came.9．As We know that whatever tasks your group is given，a few rules have to be followed.10．It wasn't long before I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids.11．Bad habits, once formed, are difficult, and sometimes impossible to shake off, especially in a short period of time.12．According to the new rules, if you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.答案：1.but 2. and 3. and 4. or 5. so 6. unless 7. that 8. until 9. whatever 10. before11. once 12. if1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.3.(2020·江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project it won’t be delayed.4.(2020·天津卷)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.—it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, because I want to.”6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.7. She screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.8. Over time, the population grew, people began realize the importance of the truth of education.9. I didn't know her in my university, I had heard lots of her stories.10. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.11. The education will change dramatically the creativity plays a key part in it.12. Never lose heart you'll make a quick advance in your project.7. I think we'd better keep to the subject, we'll waste our time.8.Be careful with your machine, you'll be hurt.9.I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.10.the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.答案：1.When/As2.or3.so that4.Even if/though5.but6.so7.so8.as/when9.Although/Though/While 10. as / when1. Though it has been only one year he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.2. You can smoke here you leave a window open to let the smoke out.3. We still have a long way to go even our project has been carried out smoothly so far.4. Give me a chance, I'll give you a wonderful surprise.5. The poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad,dared not say anything to my mother.6.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him he came back from hospital.7.When you have bought some fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator you don't cook it immediately.8.The explosion rocked the lake with such a force dead fish immediately began to surface.9. If you notice that when someone is missing hurt, tell your teacher immediately.10he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going though his great adjustment.答案：1.since2. if3. if / though .4. and5. but6. when7. that8. that9. or10. where模块综合练08二、语法填空Passage 1Small talk changes 1(slight) when you’re with strangers as opposed to people at a business function or party. Chatting with strangers gives you practice for those times in life 2 you’ll need to make a really great 3(impress). If you’re used to 4(talk) with people on a routine basis, you won’t make mistakes when you’re nervous. Here are some icebreakers.One skill to open up small talk is to praise the accessories(配饰) someone 5(wear). Avoid making 6 comment about someone’s clothing as if you are hitting on him or her. Making a sincere comment about an accessory is much more 7(accept).You can also ask someone if they can suggest a good restaurant for lunch or dinner. Say something like, “I’m taking my friend to lunch for her birthday tomorrow. Do you know a goodplace?” 8“We nee d to find a fun but reasonably9(price) place to take my mom out for her birthday.Do you have a suggestion?”They might recommend a restaurant and then add, “We go there all the time!” or “We just took my aunt there last week and she loved it.” You can ask them more questions10(base) on what they say, and this will help you continue the conversation.【答案】1. slightly2. where3. impression4. talking5. is wearing6. a7. acceptable8. or9. priced 10. based【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了在生活中跟人聊天的方法。
高考英语状语从句重难点
②我正要锁门，这时电话响了。
③我刚锁上门，这时电话响了。
时间状语从句练习一
1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the A storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone D patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when B 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until 4. (05福建) －Did Jack come back early last night? －Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. B A. Before B. when C. that D. until 5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his C meal ______a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while
★ 例 句 导 入 ★
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
★归纳总结★
九 种 状 语 从 句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
结果状语从句
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义目的状语从句知识点整理总结
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义目的状语从句知识点整理总结学习目的状语从句，只需记住几个标志词即可。
01 目的状语从句的概念目的状语从句，顾名思义，就是在句中充当目的状语的一个句子。
何为目的，翻译成大白话就是——“为了…”或“以防…”。
目的状语从句中一般含有情态动词can/could/may/might/should 等。
表示一种动机或希望。
它与结果状语从句的区别在于后者一般无情态动词，且表示的是一种客观结果。
I took an early bus so that I got there on time.我搭乘了早班车，准时到了那里。
（结果）The teacher speaks very loudly so that everyone could hear him.老师讲课声音很大，大家都能听到。
（目的）02 目的状语从句的引导词目的状语从句的引导词很简单，主要有4类，其中前2类和结果状从相同：so thatHe speaks very loudly so that I could hear him.他大声讲话，以便于我能听见。
so +形容词/副词+thatHe gets up so early that he could catch the first bus to the city center.他很早起床，以便于赶上最早发往市中心的巴士。
in order that/in order to doHe gets up early in order that/so that he could catch the first bus to the city center.他很早起床，以便于赶上最早发往市中心的巴士。
注意：in order that和so that（不分割）可以互相替代；另外，in order that目的状从，可以用不定式来替换，也即in order to do。
如：He gets up early in order to catch the first bus to the city center.他很早起床，以便于赶上最早发往市中心的巴士。
高考一轮专题复习7-连词和状语从句-学生用
教师学生时间和时段年月日（：—：）学科英语年级教材名称授课题目高考一轮专题复习七：连词和状语从句课次第（）次课专题基础知识及运用【基础知识及练习】1状语从句中从属连词when，while，as的多种含义when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后；as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……；while：在……期间；而；虽然。
用when，while和as填空：①He will take my place ________ I am away.②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off.③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest.④________ he swam，he cried for help.⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it.2as引导让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。
[注]①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。
②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet连用。
完成下列句子：①________________(虽然他是个孩子)，he knows what is the right thing to do.②________________(虽然他工作很努力)，he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily.③_______________(虽然你可能失败)，you should never give up.3before的用法注意判断before在状语从句中的含义：才；就；趁……没有；还没来得及；宁可……也不；不知不觉。
2019届高考英语第一轮复习24 【第Ⅱ卷强化增分练】题及解析
题组层级快练24第Ⅱ卷强化增分练(时间45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a bad night for Louis.His research in the neighboring town took__1__ (long)than he had expected.It was late and he was very tired when he__2__ (drive)home.He turned into his building’s parking lot,__3__all the spaces were full.He drove back out onto the street,__4__(look)for a parking space. The first block was full.The next block was almost empty.Louis didn’t see a noparking sign,but he suspected that if parking were allowed there,most of the spaces would be filled.Then he saw a small parking lot with two free __5__(space).He was so glad t o see them__6__he didn’t even think to read the sign by the entrance.He drove in,parked,and__7__(hurry)home to go to bed.The next morning he went back to the lot__8__(get)his car.It was gone. He ran home and telephoned the city police to say that his car had been stolen. It took the police only a minute to tell__9__(he)what had happened.His car had been on a private lot.It had been taken__10__by the police.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案与解析【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Louis下班回家后找停车位及第二天发生的故事。
高考英语一轮创设情境复习状语从句
②And I told myself I wouldn’t feel bad about myself as long as I could finish it as soon as possible.
✓ OR
Tom’s family moved to where he could reach school
within 10 minutes.
◆UnlIef ss you return the book in time, I will lend it to you.
◆AsHharedtarsiehde thriaerdd, he still failed in quitting video games. ◆By the time 2018 willaarrrirvievse, I will have been a member of Class 2 for more than 4 months.
• The boy grows as the tree does as well.
Assignment
Polish the paragraph you’ve written
last period in the morning rang.
TIME ◆HaHradrdlyly hdaiddthtehwe hwohleoclleascslrausssherdush out of the classroom when the bell
rang.
◆Hardly had the students rushed into the canteen when they waited in line for their lunch.
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高考英语30分钟专题突破
状语从句
1．I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved．
A．While B．When C．As D．For
2. They love their daughter so much that they are always ready to do everything they can ____ her happiness.
A. make sure of
B. be sure of
C. to be sure of
D. to make sure of
3. I t hought her n ice and honest _____ I met her.
A. first time
B. for the first time
C. the first time
D. by the first time
4. They were going to leave _____ it began to rain.
A. when
B. while
C. as
D. how
5. Last year I was on the flight across the Pacific Ocean________ a plane crashed.
A. while
B. when
C. as
D. as soon as
6. — Did you remember to give Jack the book?
—Yes, I gave it to him I saw him.
A. while
B. immediately
C. once
D. suddenly
7. The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity, but it may be some time the situation improves.
A．since B．when C．unless D．before
8.－Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
－Ok, ______ you make it short.
A. now that
B. if only
C. so long as
D. every time
9. Although he was in poor health, Robert succeeded ______ other more famous engineers failed.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
10. The meeting was expected to start at 9 o'clock but the manager didn't turn up ______ twenty minutes later.
A. before
B. until
C. after
D. since
11. ___ difficulties we meet, we can work them out.
A. Whatever
B. However
C. Wherever
D. Whenever
12. What impresses me most is ______ he appears in front of others, he wears
a sincere and charming smile．
A．which B．that C．where D that whenever
13. Wait till I turn on my comp uter, _____ there is his telephone number.
A. there
B. where
C. which
D. in that
14. —Could I use your dictionary?
—I’m sorry it isn’t here. I’d get it for you_______ I could reme mber who last borrowed it.
A. expect that
B. now that
C. only if
D. even though
15. Nowadays more and more people are advised to arrange for insurance _______ they or their family memb ers need medical treatment.
A so that B. in order that C in case D no wonder that
16. ________ you’ve got two film tickets, you may as well invite Mary to go with you tonight.
A Now that
B After all
C Although
D As soon as
17. These foreign teachers say they will go ________ they are needed to te ach English after they arrive in China.
A. to place
B. to where
C. wherever
D. to matter where
18. Tom searched carefull y in the room _____ he might discover exactly what he needed.
A. in that
B. in order that
C. in case
D. even though
19. John plays the piano _____, if not better than, David. But he never shows off in pub lic.
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well
D. so well as
20. He shut the window with such force _____ the glass broke.
A which
B that
C as
D if
参考答案：
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. D 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B。