2020年卫生职称英语A级词汇选项押题及答案
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题7
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题7Food and CancerMedical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence1 that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences3 in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed toprevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β–carotene, vitamin E and selenium5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.词汇：esophagus 食道 mixture .混合物；合成品；混合药fungus 菌类 carotene 胡萝卜素mold 霉；霉菌 selenium .硒注释：1.the first evidence ：第一手证据2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ：中国医学科学院癌症研究所4.sugar pills ：糖丸5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium：一种叫做β–胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物练习：1.The results of the new study are unexpected.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3.The study lasted for about five years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4.The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5.Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6.All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7.The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B文章一开头便提到,医学专家们多年来一直怀疑,人们的饮食与癌症有着密切的联系。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题9
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题9Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world’s highest communities tendto give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.1Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether thisis due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Boliviaduring 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in both rich and poor areas of two cities： La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 ‘‘ says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies4. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.词汇：altitude /'?lt?tju?d/ n.纬度，(海拔)高度birthweight /'b?：θ,weit/n. 出生体重underweight /?nd?'we?t/ adj.体重不足的hormone /'h??m??n/n. 荷尔蒙stroke /str??k/ n.中风coronary /'k?r(?)n(?)r?/ adj. 冠状的hint /h?nt/ vt.暗示fetus /'fi?t?s/n. 胚胎under-nourished/'?nd? 'n?r??t/ adj.营养不足的注释：1.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.这些婴儿长大成人后得心脏病和中风的风险很大。
职称英语综合类A级真题—词汇选项
职称英语综合类A级真题—词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.A．teachB. help C. attract D. discourage2、He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.A．ease B. control C. experience D. suffer3、Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous completely.A. completelyB. slightlyC. partlyD. faintly4、Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. modernizeD. fund5. The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.A. refreshedB. storedC. blockedD. erased6.He was weary of the constant battle between them.A. fondB. tiredC. proudD. afraid7、She moves from one exotic location to another.A. unusualB. familiarC. similarD. proper8、He has been granted asylum in France.A. powerB. reliefC. protectionD. license9、The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. hotB. heavyC. freshD. windy10. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A. bigB. emptyC. longD. now11.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a peepA. chanceB. visitC. lookD. try12.Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.A.successB. descriptionC. evidenceD. plan13. Newborn babies can discriminate between a man’s and a woman`s voice.A. treatB. distinguishC. expressD. analyzes14. We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found15.All the flats in the building had the same layout.A. colorB. sizeC. functionD. arrangement。
2020年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案(2)
2020年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案(2) The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of norm al weight.”How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories aday1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of foodor breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of theUniversity of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi：s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的abnormal/Ab5nC：ml/adj.异常的注释：1. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题8
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题8Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from TherapyPatients infected with HIV are often concerned about2 the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina3, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied pa tients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”“Two types of breaches occurred,”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.4”“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, 5” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talkin g about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.词汇：privacy /'pr?v?s?/ n.隐私,秘密breach /bri?t?/ n.破坏,违反therapy /'θer?p?/ n.疗法,治疗consent /k?n'sent/ n.答应,允许confidentiality /,k?nf?,den??'?l?t?/ n.保密性regulate /'regj?le?t/ vt.调整注释：1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)：人类免疫缺陷病毒2.be concerned about：为……而担心（忧虑、烦恼）3. North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士因为担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。
2020年职称英语卫生A概括大意真题及答案
2020 年职称英语卫生 A 概括大意真题及答案Sleep Well to Be Well1.Do you often feel tired in the morning even though you've been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. In other words, your sleep efficiency is not that good.2.Sleep experts define "sleep efficiency" as the percentage of time lying down that you are actually sleeping. According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no specific number for efficiency that's been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep quality, some experts estimate a rough ballpark（范围）of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.3.Short wavelength blue light, emitted（放出）by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smart phones, stops production of the sleep-inducing hormone melation（褪黑素）and makes you feel more alert. Blue light tells your brain it's daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smart phones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed.4.Go to bed and wake up at the same time, or relatively the same time, every day. Avoid binge sleeping（狂睡）on the weekend. Consistency is key to a good night's sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain acclimates to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time.5.One of the biggest peaks in melation production happens duringthe 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren't getting enough sleep at night, you've likely going to feel an overwhelming desire to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you're better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than resorting to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to get through the rest of the afternoon, and you'll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.23. 【题干】Paragraph 2 __【选项】A. Define the sleep related termsB. Take napsC. Turnoff the devices emitting blue lightD. Keep a consistent sleep scheduleE. Improve sleep qualityF. Avoid blue light at night【答案】A【解析】24. 【题干】Paragraph 3 __【选项】A. Define the sleep related termsB. Take napsC. Turnoff the devices emitting blue lightD. Keep a consistent sleep scheduleE. Improve sleep qualityF. Avoid blue light at night 【答案】 C 【解析】25. 【题干】Paragraph 4 __【选项】A. Define the sleep related termsB. Take napsC. Turnoff the devices emitting blue lightD. Keep a consistent sleep scheduleE. Improve sleep qualityF. Avoid blue light at night 【答案】 D 【解析】26. 【题干】Paragraph 5 __【选项】A.Define the sleep related termsB.Take naps。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题11
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题11Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10–percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American Collegeof Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,” lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1 in Atlanta, said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group.2 By contrast3, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10–year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk4, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in arelated editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public healthstrategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.注释：1.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention：疾病防控中心2.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group.实验对象年龄越大,在风险组中所占的比例也越大;男人进入该组的可能性亦大于女人。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题19
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读判断巩固练习题19Good or Bad?Saccharin(糖精) is the only truly man-made sweetener. It was discovered by accident 100 years ago in an experimentwith coal tar(煤焦油). In the experiment, a scientist got some substance (which later he knew was saccharin) on his finger. “Later, at dinner, h e put his finger into his mouth and noticed the sweet taste,” says Eric Walters, professorof biochemistry at the Chicago Medical School.Containing no calories, saccharin is not absorbed by the human body. It began to be disliked by people during the late 1970s and early 1980s when one set of studies showed that it caused cancer in laboratory animals. According to Walters, it is not fair to saccharin because the studies were not perfect.More recent testing with other animals with small amounts of saccharin has not repeated the same results. Even with these experimental results, saccharin labels are still required to carry a warning saying it has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. In 1990, saccharin was allowed to be sold in the market again.Because it is hundreds of times sweeter than table sugar, only a small amount of saccharin is used at home, in restaurants or in the food-making industry.Another sweetener we commonly use is aspartame(甜味剂).It is not so sweet as saccharin, but much sweeter than tablesugar. Unlike saccharin, however, aspartame can be absorbed into the body. It contains 4 calories per gram, the same as table sugar. But aspartame is 180 times sweeter than sugar.Although aspartame is found in thousands of products, its safety, like saccharin, has still been uncertain. Nevertheless, people allow its use in all foods and drinks.“In my opinion, aspartame is as safe as sugar―but then there are those who think white sugar is dangerous,” says Walters. “Between asparta me and saccharin, I would pick aspartame. But at normal use levels, I think saccharin issafe too.”1. When talking about saccharin and aspartame, Eric Walters most probably thinks that aspartame is safer than saccharin.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： A2. After doing many experiments, Walters finally found saccharin at dinner.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： B3. Aspartame is sweeter than saccharin when in hot drinks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： C4. Because saccharin was reported to have caused cancerin lab animals, it got a bad name.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： A5. Saccharin and aspartame are quite safe at normal use levels, but cause cancer in rats.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： B6. Saccharin can be absorbed into the body but has no calories.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： B7. White sugar is considered dangerous if taken in excess.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned准确的答案是： C。
2020职称英语押题练习(卫生)：阅读判断
2020职称英语押题练习（卫生）：阅读判断Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.Researchers at Brigham Women‘s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive： The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things mayplay a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat： The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.And now we have more to tell you about our subject —resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance — again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.练习：1.Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.Estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3.The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4.The way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5.Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6.Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7.Any kind of wine contains resveratrol.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C。
2020年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）历年真题及模拟试题详解
目 录第一部分 历年真题及详解2016年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2015年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2014年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2013年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2012年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2010年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2009年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2008年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2007年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2006年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解2005年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第二部分 模拟试题及详解全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（一）全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（二）全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）模拟试题及详解（三）第一部分 历年真题及详解2016年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A 级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l 分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Only people over 18 areeligible to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever 2. The latest car modelembodies the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadensB【答案】句意：只有超过18岁的人有资格投票。
eligible 合适的；在（法律上或道德上）合格的。
qualified 有资格的，胜任的，适当的。
二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B 项。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。