考研英语语法复合句解析(一)

考研英语语法复合句解析（一）

复合句(Complex Sentence)

一个主句和一个以上的从句所构成的句子称为复合句，也称为主从复合句。复合句通常由关联词把主句和从句连接起来。

例句：Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (选自2008年Text 2)

分析：该句是复合句，其中主干结构是Other models exist;that引导的定语从句修饰models，而在从句中又套了一个由where引导的定语从句修饰open-access;在where从句中，before引导的时间状语从句中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰everyone。

译文：其他存在的模式都是由以上三种模式相结合的产物。比如延缓式广开门路的模式，前6个月只允许付费的订阅者查阅相关论文，之后，才对大众免费开放。

例句：However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is，as yet，an unanswered question. (选自2005年Text 1)

分析：该句是复合句，本句中由or连接两个并列主语从句，后接系表结构is an unanswered question;定语从句that the species had 35 million years ago修饰the common ancestor。

译文：但是这种公平意识是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成的，还是来自于3500年前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

复合句根据关联词在句中的作用可分为如下类型：

(一)名词性从句(Noun Clause)

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。(见第一章代词“九、连接代词”)

(二)状语从句(Adverbial Clause)

状语从句根据其意义可分为：

1. 时间状语从句

时间状语从句常用when，whenever(任何时候)，as(当……时候、随着)，while(在……期间，与……同时)，before，after，since(自……以来)，as soon as，until/till(直到)，once(一旦)等连词引导。

例句：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. (1999年第19题)

分析：该句是并列复合句，其中left undone作后置定语修饰those。

译文：所有剩下来没做的那些事，理论上听起来很重要，但即使是对此深信不疑者，当谈到具体事宜时也不免有很大困难。

例句：The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers had been demonstrating for.

分析：该句是复合句，其中that his followers had been demonstrating for为一定语从句修饰the demands。

译文：当约翰读着同伴们的要求时，校董事会静静地听着。

例句：Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people affected. (1995年第16题)

分析：该句是复合句，其中过去分词affected作定语修饰the people。

译文：无论何时当我们听说一起自然灾害时，即使它发生在世界某一遥远的地区，我们都会同情受灾的人。

例句：More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene，which makes the over-the-counter kits. (选自2009年Text 2)

分析：该句是复合句，主句部分是More than 60，000 people have purchased the PTKs。since引导一个时间状语从句，which makes the over-the-counter kits是修饰Identigene的定语从句;其中over-the-counter意为“不需处方就可以出售的”，chief operating officer of Identigene 作Doug Fogg的同位语。

译文：据生产这种非处方产品套装的“爱的基因”公司的首席运营官道格·福格说，自从去年首次不需要处方就可购买亲子鉴定产品套装以后，已经有6万多人参与购买。

注意：时间状语从句还可由the moment/the instant/the minute(一……就)等名词，every time/each time(每当……)等名词和directly/instantly(一……就)等副词引导，这些词都起到连词的作用。

例句：If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

分析：该句是复合句，本句是由一个主句they are likely to become irritable和三个从句if individuals are...，each time they begin...和even though...组成。

译文：睡眠的人每次开始进入梦乡时就被叫醒，即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的，他们也很可能变得烦躁易怒。

2. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常由where(哪里，在……地方)，wherever(无论什么地方)引导。

例句：The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.(2011年第50题)

分析：该句是复合句，主干部分是The upside is the possibilities;where before we were experts..., now we become authorities...;其中，分词短语contained in knowing that everything is up to us作后置定语修饰the possibilities，knowing that everything is up to us作介词in的宾语;where后引导一个地点状语从句。expert in意为“专长于，熟练应对……的专家”;be up to 意为“胜任，由……负责”。

译文：其真正意义在于，洞察一切皆取决于我们自身，即拥有了无限可能;我们曾经是熟练应对各种局限的专家，而如今成为驾驭各种可能性的专家。

例句：Wherever you go you will observe great changes that have taken place in this city over the past years.

分析：该句是复合句，定语从句that have taken place in this city over the past years修饰changes。

译文：不管你走到哪里，你都会看到那座城市在过去到现在的几年间发生的巨大变化。